PLASTICS ADDITIVESAN INDUSTRIAL GUIDE phần 6 potx

Section XXIV
Waxes
100 Plastics Additives

CasChem, Inc.: PARICIN 220 Fatty Acid Amide:
Paricin 220, a hydroxystearamide wax, is a brittle, tan solid
Advantages:
* High melting, hard, waxy solid
* Good lubricating and anti-static properties
* Mold release agent
* Excellent alkali resistance
Typical Properties:
Color and Form: Tan Flakes
Specific Gravity at 25C/25C: 1.049
Melting Point, C: 104
Acid Value: 2
Saponification Value: 14
Iodine Value: 4
Hydroxyl Value: 300
Volatile, 105C, %: 0.3
Solubility:
Paricin 220 is insoluble in water and mineral spirits, but shows
varying degrees of solubility in other liquids.
For example:
Solubility of Paricin 220
Solvent: (grams/100 ml solvent, 25C)
Ethyl Alcohol 15
Cellosolve (Union Carbide Corp.) 7.7
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1.6

Butyl Acetate 1.4
Toluene 0.6
Waxes 101

Ferro Corp.: PETRAC Waxes, Wax Blends, and GMS:
Petrac 165 Paraffin Wax:
Acid Value: 0.1
Melting Pt, F: 162
Color, Gardner (1963): 1
Congealing Point, F: 158
Needle Penetration @ 77F (ASTM D-1321): 15
Form: Flake, Prill
Petrac 215 Oxidized Polyethylene Wax:
Acid Value: 12
Melting Pt, F: 212
Color, Gardner (1963): 2
Penetration Hardness (ASTM D-5): 4
Form: Powder
Petrac 380-165/215 Blend:
Needle Penetration @ 77F (ASTM D-1321): 10
Form: Prill
Petrac 480-165/215/Calcium Stearate Blend:
Color, Gardner (1963): 2
Congealing Point, F: 162
Ash, % (as CaO): 3.0
Moisture, %: 0.5
Free Fatty Acid, %: 1.5
Form: Prill
Petrac GMS Glycerol Monostearate:
Acid Value: 2

Melting Pt, F: 140
Color, Gardner (1963): 1
Iodine Value: 2.5
Free Glycerol, %: 1
Alpha Monoglycerides,%: 43
Form: Flake
102 Plastics Additives

Genesee Polymers Corp.: Silicone Waxes:
EXP-58 Silicone Wax:
A 100% active organo silicone wax copolymer. This unique product is
recommended for use as a lubricant, mold release agent and internal
lubricant for plastics.
When combined with aliphatic solvents, such as mineral spirits,
EXP-58 forms a dry, colorless film on substrates. This film is stable
and will not break down in the presence of water.
The lack of any dimethyl silicone removes the problems of orange
peel, fisheyes, or similar effects normally associated with dimethyl
silicone.
Typical Properties:
Appearance: White Solid
Specific Gravity: 0.85
Wt./Gallon: 7.1 lbs
Storage Stability: Indefinite
Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvents
Melting Point: 43C
EXP-61 Amine Functional Silicone Wax:
Genesee Polymers' EXP-61 is a 100% active amine functional silicone
wax. This novel silicone wax copolymer is readily soluble after melting
in mineral spirits to provide a solvent-based release agent. A dry,

colorless film is formed on substrates that is recommended for evalua-
tion as a lubricant, water repellent, anti-blocking agent and internal
processing aids.
Since EXP-61 contains no dimethyl silicone, it will not cause orange
peel, fish eyes or similar effects associated with conventional silic-
ones. Another outstanding feature of this product is the amine
function-ality that provides temporary rust protection and good bonding
to mold substrates. EXP-61 may be easily removed by steam cleaning or
solvent wash.
Typical Properties:
Appearance: White Solid
% Active: 100%
Specific Gravity: 0.88
Wt./Gallon: 7.4 lbs
Melting Point: 39C
Waxes 103

Genesee Polymers Corp.: Silicone Waxes (Continued):
EXP-77 Silicone Wax:
EXP-77 Silicone Wax is a 100% active silicone copolymer wax. This
unique product is designed to provide good release of molded metal,
plastic and rubber parts. The mercapto functionality provides both
enhanced release performance and greater heat stability to the release
film.
When blended with other Genesee Polymers' fluids, EXP-77 makes an
internal processing aid for molded rubber parts; with minimal effect on
knitting properties and tensile strength.
Typical Properties:
Appearance: White Solid
Wt./Gallon: 7.3 lbs.

Specific Gravity: 0.88
% Active: 100%
Melting Point: 115F
Solubility: Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvents
GP-7101 Silicone Wax:
Based on a combination of dimethyl silicone fluid with organic wax
side chains. The combination of silicone and wax groups in GP-7101
suggests uses in mold release agents, rubber and plastic lubrication,
textile lubricants, and as a formulation ingredient in waxes and
polishes for automotive and furniture applications. Contains no free
dimethyl silicone fluid and will not show the traditional transfer or
wash-off associated with conventional silicone fluids used in polishes.
Typical Properties:
Appearance: White Solid
Wt./Gallon: 7.0 lbs.
Flash Point (P.M.C.C.): >300F
Specific Gravity: 0.97
Active Ingredient: 100%
Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Solvents
Melting Point: 25C-40C
GP-7102 Silicone Wax:
Based on a combination of dimethyl silicone fluid with organic wax
side chains. The unique grafted copolymer structure of GP-7102 provides
a special range of lubrication and compatibility characteristics,
suggesting uses in mold release agents, waxes and polishes, textiles
and plastic lubricants, and as an ingredient in oil based metal working
fluids.
Typical Properties:
Appearance (25C): Cloudy, Waxy Semi-Solid
Wt./Gallon: 7.8 lbs

Flash Point (P.M.C.C.): >200F
Specific Gravity: 0.97
Active Ingredient: 100%
Storage Stability: Indefinite
Solubility: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Solvents
Melting Point: 100F-110F
104 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Microcrystalline Wax:
Composition:
Microcrystalline Waxes consist of a matrix of extremely small
crystals. They are sometimes referred to as amorphous wax reflecting
an early error based on the difficulty of identifying the presence of
microscopic crystals. Their molecular structure consists of a complex
mixture of hydrocarbons including normal paraffins, branched paraffins,
monocyclic compounds and polycyclic compounds.
Typical End Uses:
* Detergent Cartons paper to board
* Bakery Cartons glassine to board
* Cake Mix Pouches glassine to glassine
* Snack Packages glassine/foil/glassine
* Ream and Roll Wrap kraft to kraft
* Electro Plating masking agent
* Impregnation electrical capacitors, condensers
* Caulking Compounds
* Pipe Coating Compounds
* Hot Melt Adhesives and Coatings
Ross No. Melting Point F Penetration 77F
White:
1329/1 140-150 25-30

1365 140-150 25-30
155W 150-160 25-35
1251/7 150-160 10-15
214 160-170 10-15
1275WH 165-175 60-80
1275W 170-180 25-35
180 180-185 8-15
15 180-185 8-15
863 190-200 3-5
190 190-200 5-12
1160/4 195-205 5-12
1135/15W 195-206 3-7
Yellow:
130 125-135 35-45
669 140-150 25-30
1385 140-150 25-30
155A 150-160 25-35
165 160-170 5-15
1275ML 170-180 25-35
170 Amber 170-180 15-20
2305 170-180 25-30
171 172-182 15-25
Black:
170 Black 175-185 18-22
Powdered (White):
1135/15W 195-205 3-7
Waxes 105

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Montan Wax:
Montan Wax is derived from lignite which is vegetable matter partly

mineralized to a product related to bituminous coal. The lignites from
which the Montan Waxes are extracted are found chiefly in Central
Europe and California.
The method of extraction and refining is basically the same, both in
this country and in Europe. The waxy part is extracted from the
lignites (crushed to a powder form) by selective solvents. Then the wax
is purified.
Grades Available:
German—Crude: Prills, Powdered
Domestic Flakes, Powdered
Physical Properties:
German Crude:
Melting Point: 181-192F (83.89C)
Acid No.: 20-38
Saponification No.: 74-104
Ash, percent: 0.3-0.6
Rosin Test: Negative
Domestic Crude Refined:
Melting Point: 175-190F (79.4-89C)
Acid No.: 20-55
Saponification No.: 75-135
Ash, percent: 0.2-0.3
Rosin Test: Negative
Color: Dark Brown, Brown, Tan
Bleached Montan Wax:
Melting Point: 165-175F (73.9-79.4C)
Acid No.: 1-10
Saponification No.: 30-45
Color: Off White
Compatibility:

Vegetable Waxes
Hydrocarbons
Resins
Uses:
Carnauba Substitutes
Inks-Carbon Paper, Printing
Polishes-Shoe, Automobile, Furniture
Rubber Products
Plastics
Defoaming Agent
Records
Insulation
Sizing
Adhesives
106 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ROSS Wax #100: Fischer-Tropsch Wax:
Chemical and Physical Properties:
A white hard wax with very high melting point and low viscosity. The
analysis is as follows:
Congealing Point: 200-215F
Needle Penetration at 77F: 1-5
Percent of Oil: 0.5 max.
Viscosity at 120C (SUS): 80
Acid Value: Nil
Saponification Value: Nil
Ash Content: 0.01%
Color: White
Form: Flakes
Solubility:

Is soluble hot in almost all solvents
Uses:
Wax Blends Increases melting point
Floor Waxes Increases gloss, solvent retention and heel
marking resistance
Textiles For impregnation and sealing
Coatings On cheese, fruits and vegetables
Candles To increase the melting point and opacity
Hot Melts and Hot Melt As a component that increases the melting
Adhesives point without increasing the viscosity
Paint and Varnish Dulling agent
Printing Ink Adds abrasion resistance
Carbon Paper To increase the melting point and eliminate
adherence
Rubber and Plastic As a mold release
Electric and Electric Good dielectric characteristics and high
melting Isolation point
PVC As an external lubricant
Asphalt To increase melting point and reduce
viscosity
Waxes 107

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ROSS Wax No. 130, No. 145, No. 165:
Petroleum waxes are used primarily to delay fusion and reduce the
high melt viscosities associated with initial fusion in the extrusion
of plastics. The most commonly used petroleum waxes are those melting
at about 130 to 165F. This melting range represents carbon chains
approximately 40 atoms long. Although the congealing point is the most
common means of classifying petroleum based lubricants, it is not the
determining factor in predicting external behavior. The extent of

branching and presence of cyclic components greatly influence the
external properties.
Ross Wax No. 130, No. 145 and No. 165 are fully refined, high
melting point petroleum waxes. They are widely used in the formulating
of PVC and electrical wire and cable compounds, as well as other
applications which require a lubricant which is effective in small
quantities without danger of exudation.
No. 130:
Form: Prills
Color: White
Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936
Melting Point: 130-135F
No. 145:
Form: Prills
Color: White
Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936
Melting Point: 140-150F
No. 165:
Form: Prills
Color: White
Specific Gravity (15c/15c): 0.930-0.936
Melting Point: 158-165F
108 Plastics Additives

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: Ross Wax 140: Synthetic High Melting
Point Wax: Powdered:
Physical Properties:
A Lily-White, medium-hard wax which remains stable under prolonged
molten conditions.
Melting Point: 280-293F (138-145C)

Flash Point: 530F Min
Acid Number: 3-10
Specific Gravity: 0.9700
Penetration ASTM D-52 at 100 grams: 4.5
Dielectric Strength: 233 Volts per mil
Volume Resistivity: 0.99X10 13 Ohms-cm
Dielectric Constant at 10 6 cycles: 2.28
Power Factor at 10 6 cycles: 0.020
Solubility in Hot Solvents:
Naphtha Carbitol Trichloroethylene
Xylene Isopropanol
Insoluble in Solvents at Room Temperature and Insoluble in Water.
Compatible With:
Hydrocarbon Waxes Ester Type Waxes
Vegetable Waxes Hydrogenated Castor Oil
Fats Rosin
Uses: As Ingredient, Finish or Processing Aid in:
Adhesives Ammunition
Asphalt Explosives
Paints Pyrotechnics
Polyvinyl Chloride Textile Finishes
Anti-Adhesive, Anti-Blocking, Anti-Tack Agent
Foundry Shell Molding Resins
Hot Melt Coatings
Lubricants Internal, Mold Release, Surface
Paper Components, Coatings
Paper Hot Cups and Dishes
Powdered Metal Products
Wire Drawing Compounds
Wax Compounds Requiring Elevated Melting Points

Waxes 109

Frank B. Ross Co., Inc.: ROSS Wax 160: Synthetic High Melting
Point Wax: Powdered:
Physical Properties:
A tan, medium hard wax which remains stable under prolonged molten
conditions, except the color may darken.
Melting Point: 315-330F (157-166C)
Flash Point: 590 Min.
Acid Number: Maximum 10
Iodine Value: 7.5
Specific Gravity: 1.0232
Penetration ASTM D5-61 at 100 grams: 1-5
Dielectric Constant (1000 cycles): 3.0
Power Factor: 0.00977
Solubility in Hot Solvents:
Naphtha Isopropanol
Xylene Trichloroethylene
Carbitol Toluene
Insoluble in Solvents at Ordinary Temperatures or in Water.
Compatible with:
Hydrocarbon Waxes Hydrogenated Castor Oil
Ester Type Waxes Fats
Vegetable Waxes Rosin
Raises Melting Point of Waxes:
Added to other waxes and esters, their melting (dropping) points
(ASTM D127-63) are raised.
Uses: As Ingredient, Finish or Processing Aid:
Adhesives Ammunition
Explosives Paints

Pyrotechnics Release Agent
Textile Finishes Varnish
Anti-Adhesive, Blocking, Tack Agent
Foundry Shell Molding Resins
Hot Melt Coatings
Lubricants Internal, Mold, Surface
Paper Components, Coatings
Propellants Missiles, Rockets
Powdered Metal Products
Plastic Film