- Trang chủ >>
- Khoa Học Tự Nhiên >>
- Vật lý
150 câu hỏi và bài tập ôn thi ĐH - CĐ môn vật lý potx
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (124.66 KB, 12 trang )
!"#$%&$'"()*%(+,-%./01
$2345$6789:*%;%-$<$="$'!>
4 +-)!?6789:*%;%-$<$="$'!>
$ @+6789:ABCD
&π
+E+86789:ABCDF&
D GH9(I-%J-KL%*%MKN/-O/-O$P/P!QR!;$$%L%6?GH9(I-%J-
KL%*%MKN:%2I-"/SKL%$P()%27!0
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
W GH%2X!?%6*%M$'+ 60+$X%Y$$P$Z+#6?GH
60+$X%Y$$P9@:%-6,I-)/-[4\]%^%Q
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
_ `#"#$%a""!b%-8c:\*67";$P+-"E$60%-%\
R)$%,--B
9deP$/$%*%$'%-%\967$2QR($f%4b%%5$09-
M)g
hBcd 4hBcd $hBCcd +hBCcd
%%+,-%.$Z*%2XU$Z89:$P*%2X!?%%29-1R
Bi
9Gdjh
HkR
D
Bi
D
9Gdjh
D
HV+]%l*$P(!f$@$#K%/$%*%$'%+%0%
*%8$P(!f09-M)g
mh
D
nh
m
BGDKjHF 4mh
D
nh
m
BGDKjHFCD $mh
D
nh
m
BDKF +%<$4
o &@$$S+M)b6f!L$PP$/$%R($f%4b1
B"GW$9p
D$9pH 4B"GW$9pD$9p
H
$B"GD$9pnW"$9p
H +BW"$9p
nD"$9p
q GH`()4\%\K%O%#2l$67+.K%O]6?GH"()4\%\%#+@
60%2l$r"5
%(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-$P2XI-
4 %(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-K%O2XI-
$ %(4=-TU*%(4=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
s +-$';!"#$%+4tUDuv="#$%$P89:!V4t>%?%9:
@$r"$'$-$r"*%r$P(!f09-M)GF
D
BH
U 4UD $U +Us
w x%r9(%2l%!V"+M)0%ai$P8-i:67-a$P$%-KNU4VU
8-/08-*%rR#$P%=$:f%%)@+%2X!?%9P7#8-*%rR#1
B9GD
FCH!2Q%l*8-$:f%%2X!?%9P7U9P*%rR##="`$($%"K%r
R/01
`
B9DFGCjRCyHk
`
B9DFGCnRCyH
4
`
B9DFGCnRCyHk
`
B9DFGCjRCyH
$
`
B9DFGCjRCyHk
`
B9DFGCnRCyH
+
`
B9DFGCnRCyHk
`
B9DFGCjRCyH
%2X!?%09-M)/0*%2X!?%+]%l*$'%+,-%.$Z*%2XU
$Z89:1R
B_9kR
D
B_
W
9GjFCDHg
RBs9GjFCWH 4RBs9GFCWH
$RB_
W
9GFCWH +RB_
W
9GjFCDH
."$%,-#4b"()*%("$%,-"0*%85$%z$P"K%-+M)$PL%$%J
09-M)1
P$2Q4\]-8%0%^%Q 4e:+.$%z%/2-%{$%-KN
4 e:+.$%z%/2-%{$%-KN$PE%V"4/Y$ +r%L%$%M460$
D#%MwDDW_*%PR#*%(!%#pL%S/2l|!+27+#S$'$($%#U
4\"G
DW_
HBDWWUww_-k"G%
DW
HBDDwUwqWq-k"G^HB_U-
UDDq
} 4UDDq
} $UDDq
q
} +UDDq
s
}
W`%J-KL%/~"U/a$P$%\9-JUU$P4(KL%"</~"4t_$"U4(KL%"</a4tD
$"!;$$%L%$'%J-KL%%•5U"</~"b!VV-$@$$'%J-KL%$P(!f09-
M)1
_$" 4o$" $s$" +W$"
_O%(^/^$!$'"I-r$8-K"/#/0DUWo^%\-(%9(KL$%%L$%$PBUWo-"kI-r
$8-<$O/[*$P%-%\$@$#/0U65$R#KL$%%L$%9€$P427$9P4%V-\-%-
%\$@$#J*O%\!V
UqDu" 4DUqu" $Usu" +UDqu"
GHP%=+Z"*%2X*%(*$%-=%V$5-%/#+ 60+$X%Y$
6?GH 60+$X%Y$$P$Z4r$%J
%(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-0)$P2XI-
4 %(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-K%O2XI-
$ %(4=-TU*%(4=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
o`6[K%+$%$%-)=K%|6f!L$M4t"#R$%f-($+;$'"/@$ABKR%?6[+
,60$%•!:GH"!$($$;" 9-1
,-%. 4@+ $2345$ +E+8
q`+M)i+0w$"$P8-%r@+#b8-i"+,-%.$P89:>
$P9P+ U!V+M)$P_"T-)V[:$!-),9P!V+M)$P(!f4%V-g
D"C9 4_"C9 $W"C9 +o"C9
s`2Q$Uq"$P"E$($%$($%z%8-$"U5%?60"2X*%•%•5
x%r$($% 4Q+27$'2X7"<Jt"$P(!f:/04%V-%?2QP
%J)2l$r%$'$%M"?%!2Xg
Us" 4Us" $Uq" +Uo"
w%L%"^!> %L%"c-%^A!!+
%L%"67K%^‚- %L%"67\40I-
%L%"$P/VI-\%2lI-/01
4 $60 +60
D,-09-M)/0saiK%P6,2Q$'9(I-2X$8-
799!;$$%L%$'2X$8-/~"$%*%rR#I-V-="$%L%$'2X
4 799!;$$%L%$'2X$8-/a$%*%rR#I-V-="$%L%$'2X
$ 7z%2X$8-$%*%rR#:R5677I-!;$$%L%
+ 7I-M"$'2X$8-/~"$%*%rR#!Z677
D="9(ƒ
ƒ
D
$Zb!V!;$$%L%Ub%4V"%J-KL%%;$PV-$@ABw$"="
9($($%%-D_$"%J-KL%*%r<$($%ƒ
"K%r4%V-%?r%$'%="9($%
4b%J-KL%!Z%-
o$" 4D$" $s$" +%<$$
DD`6[i99""0`U$($%"0$"$%-)="%J-KL%%;!K%r
„6[60"0?"2l$%6f!L$'%J-KL%$%r%!~$'6[!V"0r%0)$P/7
/8/2l/0_U$"60D$"]*%8/~"60"/7*27$UV-$@$'%J-KL%$P(!f09-M)1
G$%\9-J$'27$…B_CWH
_s$" 4Wo$" $D_$" +D$"
DWGH7%J-KL%*%MKNU6[%[/-O/-O$%r%r8%J-KL%%X6[6?GH%J-KL%*%M
KN$P($+;/0"/P/$%R!;$$%L%9*677
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
D_`"#W*%%?%9$P%-%\*%/0Dq6-%\+M)$P(!f4%V-g
6 4DD6 $Ws6 +Dq6
DGH$2345$$P89:4t89:$'/@$0kGH?89:$'/@$0$†/089:
+@+$'%%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
DoGH.R)$%,-I-2l$"#$%$P;kGH?+.R)$%,-$P%=I-/7*
"O„%4r;%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
Dqe%(%9(I-KL%/Y$9E$/0%2l1
e%$'%9P K\%l*
4 e%$'%9PM"K\%l*
$ ‡-J%$($6#$%9(:R^K€!6Z<*%-$'%$%Z"(%9(K\%l*
+ U$T
DsGHP%=4\]"()*%(R)$%,-W*%%0%$XK%Oa4W*%6?GHr%
$P$J-#%00:%-$%zK%($$($%6[%0%
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
DwL%$%J09-M)$'%a#/0sai:
($+;% 4&0"$%"9:$%J*%(I-
4 eM)!%-5I-b"9:$%J $`E2QK%O%?%J)2l$
Wˆ%9(KL$%%L$%$P427$9PUWWu"=!V-+.I-*%r<%-%\%‰"
UWsL%7%#I-$'K"/#P
oUou" 4oUou" $Uoou" +Uoou"
W`"#$%+a""$-$r"$P&B"60";$PBUuv89:!V$'"#$%
$P(!f09-M)1
Uo
_
> 4WUD
_
> $Uo
W
> +WUD
W
>
WD-%\„%8-"$-$r"%-8&$P4=-%5$1B
9GdjpH=-%5$$2Q
+.I-$-$r"/0B
9GdjhH
60h$P(!f09-M)g
B
d&hBFCD 4
B
d&hBFCD
$
B
Cd&hBpFCD +
B
Cd&hBpjFCD
WW,-09-M)/0TK%P6,%-%\*%U%-%\+M)1
!"#W*%%?%9U%-%\„%8-"•$-+M)!9Y/0%-
%\*%
4 !"#W*%"($U%-%\„%8-"•$-+M)!9$†Y/0
%-%\*%
$ !"#W*%U%-%\„%+M)*%Y/0%-%\+M)
+ 60$T
W_="`
U`
D
b!V$Z"*%2X!-),$'9PU$($%%-"K%r+ƒP!-), `
7`
D
/$%*%$'9Pb`
D
9679Pb`
/01
ŠhBDF+Cy 4ŠhBDF+Cy $ŠhBDFyC+ +ŠhBDFyC+
W`<!Q$PK%:/2lD
W
K60$O9-J45$R#WUs
Do
‹
H ƒ-"•M)K%:/2l$'"<!Qr"4%V-g
4H \-$O9-J45$R#K%O]%?9-"zS"„*%8K%:/2lr"4t4%V-
*%8!S"%)g
H_D
w
KU4HUqΠ4H_UD
w
KU4HUqŒ
$H_UD
w
KU4HUqΠ+H_UD
s
KU4HUqŒ
Wo`KL%%V6S$PV-$@$'6[KL%U%fKL%/8/2l/0A
UA
D
,-09-M)/0ƒiK%P6,
!2Q%l*E"$% 6O$@$$'KL%g
[b6O$@$$%r%b6O$@$ 4x%r$($%„6[KL%60%fKL%/0/BA
jA
D
$4($eBADCA +V-="r%$'6[KL%!Z67V-="6[$'%fKL%
Wq%r<"6[%[$($%%J-KL%%;V-$@A"K%r4*%V-==$%K%r$($%„
6[60r%%[$%4b%J-KL%$P(!f%|%J1
+BA 4+BDA $+BUA ++B_A
WsL%S/2l/VK\!V$'%#p\"
p
B_U-U"
*
BUqW-U"
BUsq-
qU`^ 4q`^ $Uq`^ +Uq`^
Ww`$XK%Oa44*%J-%^%?%960"#4*%$P%-%\+M)/0
Ws$X$P$O9-JK‹60%9:$9hBUs-%\260"•*%$'$X$P
(!f4%V-g
Ws6 4DD6 $Dq6 +6
_x%r6M!%$'9P(%9(X9E$2l$L%%^$O%5$G$($K•%-+Z%2
9($%(K%H1
RC 4yC $yC +yRC
_-%\%-+;„%8-"$OX$P(!fK%O]4tD`E$60$OX
"4\*ƒ-Q$OX$%zSV-%;/0oK‹%2Q%-+;$'+.
I-4\*/01
Di 4oi $i +i
_D`$XK%Oa44*%J-%^%?%960"#4*%$P%-%\+M)/0
Ws$X$P$O9-JK‹60%9:$9hBUs2Q%-+;$'+.I-"•
$-+M)$'$X$P(!f4%V-g
sUwi 4oUqi $WsUoi +wUsi
_W`"#$%+K%+Z;
%?89:!V$'"#$%/0A
BWK>UK%+Z;
D
%?89:!V$'"#$%/0A
D
B_K>x%"#$%++Z%;
60
D
%Ž*99%?
89:!V$'"#$%/01
Wx> 4D_x> $x> +_sx>
__,-09-M)/0saiK%P6,S/2l!+,-%.$'$/E$/.Rg
XS$'$/E$•/674?%*%2X$'4V+
4 XS/0"%0"9:9%^%Q6789:4t89:+$'$/E$
$ P9@$%-)=%PI-/#„S60%\S
+ XS•/674?%*%2X$'89:+
_GHƒP K%O!-),I-"O!2Q$($%6?GH`O!2Q$($%K%O$P$($
L$%@+
%(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-0)$P2XI-
4 %(4=-60*%(4=-T*%(4=-K%O2XI-
$ %(4=-TU*%(4=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
_oS/2l$'"$/E$4\]4%V-/8\-89:$'PSJ*W/8604Vr"D
/8g
WCD/8 4DCW/8 $wC_/8 +x%O]
_qL%9:^/^$!72l$+!"•M)K%$2Q$'+.I-/0oui
oUD
W
4
q
$
o
+
_
_sGHƒ@*%M%#$%/0%2l"%#%M<%J*%;"X!O$%["6063%0%%%#%M
!-4?%GDH"$P%0"()-)V{
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
_w`$%Z"99%•*$%\-7"2X*%•t"67P$7BW
%Z"7$:
f%U=$P$%Z"*%rR#t"*%rI-)2X"P$%|%J/04%V-g
4W
$_
+q
2l$%2bRr)!K%GH$'/@$04tGH$'+$2345$,
60$%•!:GH"!$($$;" 9-1
GHVUGH89: 4GH89:UGH89:
$GH%UGH4V +GH89:UGH*%
`/SKL%$PP$$%\I-iBo
$%\9-JBD<!K%OK%LU9(X9E$7/S
KL%67P$7eP$7$P(!f4%V-%?$P/P67P$/$%%|%J
BD
4BW
$B_
+Bo
DGH`E6‘%f$P="$@$6‘b6O$@$6?GH`E6‘%f$P%=%?%J)6[bR6O$@$
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
W`2Q6‘%f$P="$@$$[$($%"E_$"\-2Q0)^KL%$P;jCWO*%?
%?2l$6[b8%J/04%V-g
D_$" 4D$" $o$" +D$"
_`$/E$.Ra""6[K%:/2l"B!^608-"/.R$P$5KBC"
xL$%%L$%6[+!I-(!?%+U6[$P6[:$$@$#4toDUs$"C9‡^"F
D
B
V+$'6[/01
$" 4D$" $qUw$" +DU_$"
%2X!?%09-M)/0*%2X!?%+]%l*$'%+,-%.$Z*%2XU
$Z89:1R
B_9FkR
D
B_
W
9GFjFCDHg
RBs9GFjFCWH 4RBs9GFFCWH $RB_
W
9GFFCWH +RB_
W
9GFH
o`/.RK%:/2lK%O(K=$P$%,-+0@%,/
U2l$!^60"="$:f%!^60
/.R"6[K%:/2l"
B%?+0$'/.R/0/
BW$"!^%V""6[K%:/2l"
D
B60/.R%?+0$'/.R/0/
D
BWD$"&J)B"C9
D
%,-+0/
/01
W$" 4D$" $WU$" +Ds$"
qGH%$0$6[$0*%(R#"#%6,*%L9PEGHP%=+@60I-*%]/V;$
=%$'6[*%(R#
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-GHTU*%(4=-GH9 +%(4=-GH9U*%(4=-GHT
sGH`#"#$%R)$%,-V-%;"$O9-J67%-%\%-+;K%O]
\-%9:$O9-J$'"#$%S%?$P&’kGH?K%%9:$O9-JS%?$2Q%-+;
$'+.I-"#$%$†S%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
wƒP!-),!V+M)iR+0676[:$s"C9%2X!?%+$'-ai1
i
BW9F
G$"H%2X!?%+$'="`$($%i"K%rD_$"/01
`
BW9F 4
`
BW9F $
`
BW9GFUoFH+
`
BW$9F
o,-K=$P*%r5%#%M+M)$%-),/01
9:%MX!O*%r%|%X%<$4t 4%r/0"$%["X!O
4 x%:/2l
DW
*%r/7%X%<$4tK%:/2l7%# +M-460$T
o#9P!V"+M)0%aR`="`$($%-a*%(9P“"K%r+B$"
$P*%2X!?%+
`
BD9FGn/CDH$"U6[:$!-),9P!V+M)/0"C9%2X
!?%+$'-a“/01
BD9FGj/CDH 4
BD$9GFnFCDH $
BD9GFnFCDH +
BD9F
oD,-09-M)/0TK%P6,%#$'"()*%(R)$%,-"*%g
.2l$2!0%Q"%%:a"%60%K%-)V60%$%]I-)Ž
4 $%]I-)Ž:67%8-"#$%060!2l/V%60%K%-)VK%!OI-)
$ 60%K%-)V60%$%]I-)Ž$P($+;/0"]f%+./J)!
+ 604T
oW%L%"^!> %L%"c-%^A!!+
%L%"67K%^‚- %L%"67\40I-
%L%"$%5|(%9($PL%$%J9P/01
4 $ +
o_(KL%$'%#%MS$Z679:K%:i%^I-)/-[8T1cBc
i
CW
U67c
BUDA^!"
ƒ9(%4(KL%$'%#%M
60
DWs
wD
c
BoUDc
4c
BoUDc
$c
Bc
+c
BWUc
o2lK%$%\-"$%Z"(%9(%L$%%l*604,"<J"K"/#U(%9(/0"$%$($
^/^$!b"<K"/#4f4[!Y/0GH($%#4f4[!Y/0I-^/^$!GH/01
/2l{(%9( 4%-)\/2l{
$%2l45$R# +2lI-
oo`$-+M)$P!b%-8cU%9:@$r"&`E$$-+M)60"%-%\"$%,-D
%?$2Q+.I-$-+M)/0UD_i`E$$-+M)60"%-%\R)$%,-$P8
9:>(!f%-+;6%?$2Q%-+;$'+.I-$-+M)/0ix%"E$60
%-%\R)$%,-%?%9:$O9-J$'$-+M)/01
U 4Usoo $UD +Uqq
oqGHx%%S%?a%aI-r/E$$%#)$%["kGH?$%-KN$'$/E$•/%f$%67%
%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
os/0+$'"%$%z$%f-r%%2b$'/@$,60$%•!:GH"
!$($$;" 9-1
-8%0 4@+ $2345$ +E+8
owGH$2345$$P89:4t89:$'/@$0kGH?89:$'/@$0$†/089:
+@+$'%%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
q`+.R)$%,-$P$2Q5$%Q1BDUsDs9W_GiH89:+./01
> 4D> $> +W_>
q!+,-%.$'$/E$XU$XS$'$/E$4t1
%\S$'Pb6f!L4V $S$'PK%I-6f!L$M4t
4 ]S60%\Sb"6f!L4JKN +U4U$,-T
qD`%J-KL%%;$% 6[i"r%%[4t6[U$($%6[s$"%J-KL%0)2l$+Z
/0"KL%/T*672QI-9($P"EK%O[U$P="$@$$[$($%"ED$"60<"EbV-
="r%$'KL%4($$'KL%$P(!f4%V-g
oUD 4 $DU +WUD
qW7$($I-)27$%O%2QU4($$'KL%%=6K%E"$% 6O$@$2l$R($f%
4t%%5$09-M)g
eB”A
A
D
4eB”CA
A
D
$eBA
A
D
C” +eB”CGA
jA
D
H
q_`"#$%a""$-+M)$P!b%-8c%9:@$r"&:\*67";2l$
"E$60"%-%\R)$%,-2Q%-+;$'+.I-"#$%2l$BUDi
-%\%-+;„%8-"#$%U„%8-$-+M)U„%4r;$P(!f/8
/2l/0UoU!b%-8$'$-+M)/01
s• 4D• $_• +_s•
qGHƒ@*%PR#/0!2Q%l*!V$'*%r5%#%MUGDH($*%r5%#%M-M%^f%
/-[4r0K%:/2l
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
qo`6[+,-%.U$PI-–#/0"#%•+0D$"V+$'6[/01
o$" 4o$" $D$" +D$"
qq,-09-M)/0TK%P6,427$9P$'9Pg
27$9P/0K%r!-),$'9P!%Q"$%-KN
4 27$9P/0K%r$($%E%J„%,"$P+$Z*%b!V$Z"*%2X
!-),9P
$ 27$9P/0#/2l4=-%f$%"#%$'9P +r604,-T
qs`$-+M)$P!b%-8cU%9:@$r"&"E$60"%-%\R)$%,--B
9d
2Q%-+;$'+.I-$-+M)2l$R($f%4t%%5$09-M)g
B
C
H&Gc
DDD
ω+
4B
C
H&DGc
DDD
ω+
$
CD
H&Gc
DDD
ω+
+
C
H—Gc
D
&
D
+
qw-9X$J*$'"4\%\$P6.+M)"E$60"#DD-%5$J*$P%-
%\%-+;o$P+.$2Q%-+;Wi|I-"Y"J"(S/2l!4\
%\ƒ:6.+M)$'$-%5$J*/01
6. 4DD6. $o6. +W6.
s`2Q$P"EK%O[+Z"KL%/T*$PV-$@DU$"UK%O,-\x%r%?!~E
%J$'"E/0D$"L%K%r$($%E%J„%="!V6["0"E$.*%M42l$
S9-J*%M/)$'"E/0˜B/…BW_!+
qU
W
$" 4U
W
$" $qU
_
$" +qU
D
$"
s#"%Q="“!V"<%($'"$%J/|)V/<U#"+,-%.6-O
P$"<%($P$%-KNU9U4VD$" “$P$($6.9P!./!0UK%r$($%
%6./V\*/0U"‡^"4V9PK%Or"e:$%Q/0/T$“4E8-+
6f!L$M4t%^$%,-+2X%2X!?%+b="`$($%“"K%rUD"/01
`
BD9G_FFCDH 4
`
BD9G_FFCDH $
`
BD9_F +
`
BD9_F
sD%-BUoo
Dq
Kk"
BUqW-k"
BUsq-k
i
BoUD
DW
"/
#p$PK%:/2l_U-
L%S/2l|!K%#%0%""/V/
DUq
D
} 4Dq
} $Do
D
} +Dq
D
}
sW=$%r%$'6[$8$%;*%!~Ž!V*%"2Q/0"%\0g
e„*%"5)VU,-$%z%;$'6[KL%
4 e„6[KL%60*%"5)VU,-$%z%;$'6[KL%
$ e„*%"5)VU%)]6f!L$'6[KL% +e„6[KL%5)VU%)]6f!L*%"
s_`#"$%a""!b%-8c
:\*67"$-+M)$P!b%-8cU%9:@$r"
&2l$"E$60%-%\R)$%,--B
9GdjhH]!b$'#"#$%60P$/$%*%h
„%-%\60$2QR($f%4b%%5$09-M)g
—B
H&cHGGc
DDD
ω++
UhBd&Gc
jcH 4—B
H&cHGGc
DDD
ω++
UhBd&CGc
jcH
$—B
H&c
DDD
ω+
UhBGc
jcHCd& +—B
H&c
DDD
ω+
UhBd&CGc
jcH
s`%J-KL%%"<$8-:%-$Z$P4(KL%$cU$P$%\9-JU<!K%OK%L
;$'%J-KL%2l$R($f%4t%%5$09-M)1
BDGHCc 4BDcGH $BGHcCD +BGHCDc
soGH($+;$' !2QI-)U!O$'$XK%Oa4W*%I-)%^$Z$%,-67
!2Q6?GH%r%26[)"7*%Z%l*67I-)E$&^>6,$%,-$'+.$r"5
%(4=-U*%(4=-T*%(4=-$P2XI-
4 %(4=-U*%(4=-T*%(4=-K%O2XI-
$ %(4=-TU*%(4=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
sq™-*%]6#$%*%(R#$'$($-)V:K%($%-6,9:/2l$($6#$%*%]U"0-9E$606f!L$($
6#$%*%]P%=+@60I-*%]6#$%*%(R#%<$=R($f%%0%*%8%P%Y$$'"
$%J%Y$;" %L$%%l*,60$%•!:1
L%$%J 4™-*%]6#$%%J*%; $ƒ:/2l6#$% +ƒ@*%ML$%
ss%PR#š$P%=1
K›"*%PR#p 4K›"*%PR#œ
$x%OM)!9@4\]%#%M +($$M-!V,-T
swGH\-%K%O%)]U$0/V$$%-KN+$'$/E$X$0S6?GH:$
!Y!2Q%f$%4\67$%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
wcX%^/01
`45$R# $P427$9P%|%X
s
" 45$R#"L$%
$:M"$@$$':cX%^*%(! +$$':cX%^*%(!
w`KL%%=6$PV-$@$'6[KL%U%fKL%/8/2l/0A
B$"UA
D
B_$"+0I-%Y$$'
KL%/0o$"2QI-9($P"EK%O[U<9(%fKL%$PK%r%?!~E%J4tD
$"`EE"$% b="$@$$[‡($f%6f!L$'6[g
!27$6[KL%DUo$" 4!27$6[KL%Uo$"
$!27$6[KL%DUD$" +!27$6[KL%UW$"
wD!$($!2Q%l*9-M)Ub!2Q%l*0"E%?%J)6[bR6O$@$g
`EK%O[UK%O,-\ `E$[%fUK%O,-\
`E6‘%fUK%O,-\ `EK%O[U$P,-\
`E$[%f$P,-\ `E6‘%f$P,-\
60 460 $60 +60
wW$/E$X$P$%,-+0/
Bo_$"U/
D
Bs$"+%|!%"<*%•99
$/E$$ZI-6f!L$M4t%^$Z$%,-/T$B‡($%%Q="8%J"0%2l
!V(+‘UB"C9
D
g
o9 4DsUs9 $qUD9 +_U_9
w_GHP"%-27$"0"<27$!%-%?%!.#M"$'%?%!.#"+,-
%.$P*%2X%•5%?%J)!V"<27$$P9P+ kGH?$%•"<27$\*(*67%-
/08-*%rR#$:f%%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
w,-09-M)/0TK%P6,I-(!?%4\-4V
\-4V/0I-(!?%/0"S"#%9P =$P%=!-),R
4 \-4V/0I-(!?%]f%+ !27$K%($60S^*%(9P
$ \-4V/0I-(!?%/a+M"860+$8
+ 604T
wo™-*%]/V;$1
/0"+r9($P"0-4\]/V;$ 4+$($$%J!EU/|%<$K%L$PzK%:/7*%(!
$$P+#%„6#$%"0-!V4 +M-604T
wq%-)\/2l{$'1
•9^ 4/$K $%! +^!/^
ws`#"#$%R)$%,-a""!b%-8cBGžH"$-$r"%-8&BDCFGH60
";B
_
CFv:\*`E$"#$%60%-%\R)$%,--BDD9ŸG6H=-
%5$%-%\„%8-$-$r"/01
&
B_9GFjF_H 4
&
B_9GFnFC_H
$
&
B_9GFWFC_H +
&
B_9GFjWFC_H
ww2Q6[+;%-)\/2l{=r%L$%I-*%]6#$%$'%)+!O/01
•9^ 4/$K $%! +^!/^
,-09-M)/0TK%P6,+.R)$%,-W*%
.R)$%,-W*%/09@%l*/#$'W+.R)$%,-"*%
4 .R)$%,-W*%2l$#4b"()*%(R)$%,-W*%
$ .R)$%,-W*%2l$#4b"()*%(R)$%,-W*%%)W"()*%(R)
$%,-*% +60$T
x%:/2l48-$'a6f*%PR#!
D
/0UD"U$%-KN4(!‰$'/0B
oD9L%a*%PR#48-$'!
BoUo
s
I 4
BoUo
s
$
BoUqW
s
I+
BoUo
q
I
D `$%J="+,-%.$P*%2X!?%1RB
H
W
D
9G
π
+
π
$" %Q="B9U*%+
U/)$'$%J="/8/2l4t1
FCW60W
W
CD$" 4FCW60W$" $FCo60W$" +FCo60W
W
$"
W ‡Ž*%r5K\%l*1j¡j\K%:/2l%#%M"
BDUWo-k"
BWUo-k"
B
UqW-S/2l"0"*%r5|!4t1
WUoW`^ 4WUoW^ $ WoUW`^ +WoUW^
_ 1K%r%?!~E%J$'"EUA1V-$@$'KL%/T*
!$($!2Q%l*9-Ub!2Q%l*04($$'KL%/T*$P(!feBCvg
`EE"$% 6O$@$ `EE"$% b="$@$$[
`E<9(KL%/T* `E<bV-="r%$'KL%/T*
4 $ +60
%(4=-09-M)sai1
P%/#I-*%]6#$%1I-*%]6#$%*%(R#60I-*%]6#$%%J*%;
4 ™-*%]6#$%*%(R#$P%„6#$%"0-!V/¢!V,:
$ ™-*%]6#$%%J*%;$P%„6#$%^!V,I-*%]6#$%/V;$
+ ™-*%]6#$%*%(R#+$($$%J4f-P*%(!
o #"%Q="“!V"<%($'"$%J/|)V/<U#"+,-%.6-O
P$"<%($P$%-KNU9U4VD$" “$P$($6.9P!./!0UK%r$($%
%6./V\*/0U"‡^"4V9PK%Or"[:$!-),9P$P(!f1
"C9 4UD"C9 $U"C9 +UD"C9
q GHƒPM"K%O!-),2l$I-$%MK%OkGH?9P$X%Y$/!-),!""O!2Q
%Q/@$/VK\„$($*%8{6[$%J$'"O!2Q%Y1
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
s GHS48-$@$#$'$($^/^$!I-$%z*%;%-$427$9P$'(%9(KL$%
%L$%UK%O*%;%-$$2Q$%Z"9(6?GDH *%2X!?%$'•9^1£"
D
"R
6
B%Ai
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
w /0+O$'"6[2l$+-)!?674VK%O]%Q($+;$'/@$0
-8%0,60$%•!:GH"!$($$;" 9-1
,-%. 4@+ $2345$ +-8%0
GHˆ%9(!E4f*%ML$%%0%"+‰"0-/V;$ |\L"K%I-"/SKL%GDH
%\9-J$'""O!2Q!9-:%)]:67$($(%9(X9E$K%($%-
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
!Q9:U+.R)$%,-2l$9{+;*%]4\%X+."$%,-+-)V%M
0K=9-1
ƒrR-J+‘%X+."$%,- 4P%=9rR-J67$O9-J/7
$P%=+Z4\%\=rR67%*%L%| +r4-)V%M!V
D GHP%=4\]KL%%V6S%0%KL%%=64t$($%%(]6[KL%60%fKL%6?GH[
KL%U%fKL%$'$r%KL%,-/0%„%J-KL%%;60KL%%V6S$PV-$@$'6[KL%
/7%XV-$@$'%fKL%U$.KL%%=6%?$PV-$@$'%fKL%/7%XV-$@$'6[KL%
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
W GH=*%(9P !-),R*%rK\%l*"#$%+!"()*%(+,-%0
67"S^6?GH`#$%+0)/0)\-K%O[*!-2l$S/2l
*%(4=-,-TU$P/VI- 4*%(4=-,-TUK%O/VI-
$%(4=-TU*%(4=-D9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-DT
_ %\-"$%Z"%a#60J"K€"L$%M"2l9€Rr)!%29-1
J"K€""J+8L$%+2X 4J"K€""J+8L$%M"
$J"K€"!bV!-%06, +x%O$P$M-0T
-%\%-+;„%8-"$OX$P(!fK%O]4tD6`E$60$OX"
4\*ƒ-Q$OX$%zSV-%;/0oK‹%!b$'4\*/01
D• 4D_• $D• +•
o \K•%-$'%%#%M$%5D*60UW*60_
‡
D
W
60
‚
W
q
4
‡
D
60
‚
W
_
$
‡
W
D
60
‚
q
W
+
‡
D
60
‚
_
W
q `6[i99""0`U$($%"0$"$%-)="%J-KL%%;!K%r
„6[60"0?"2l$%6f!L$'%J-KL%$%r%!~$'6[!V"0r%0)$P/7
/8/2l/0_U$"60D$"$$'6[/04%V-g
U$" 4DU$" $W$" +_$"
s x\09-M)/0saiK%P6,2XI-„6[%[60r%$%4b2X*%•
¤%606[!(L%$%J 4¤%99U2l$$%,-604t6[
$¤%606[bK%($*%L:672X +¤%:R56[I-2X
w `2Q$[%f$P="$@$$[$($%"E$"U9{+;"KL%/T*$PV-$@$"U<"E9-
KL%$"L%4($$'KL%!VK%E"$% b="$@$$[
_ 4D $W +o
D `+.R)$%,-I-"!bcBG•H%T!"%/2lK\$%5/L
27$ƒ-q*%TU%$'%/2lK\S
U%+-!V$'27$B_D}CK
‡($f%$2Q$@$#$'+.g
D
i 4Di $i +D
D
i
D !"#W*%r:R5UK%$2Q+.I-"*%/0$@$#%?+.I-
%*%K%2%\0g
P$2Q4tCW$2Q$@$#U$Z$%,-67+.!V
4 P$2Q4tCW$2Q$@$#U2l$$%,-67+.!V
$ P$2Q4tCD$2Q$@$#U$Z$%,-67+.!V
+ P$2Q4tCD$2Q$@$#U2l$$%,-67+.!V
DD %-)\/2l{(%9(r%L$%:1
2lI-%P 42lI-
$2lI-! +J$r$($%2l!V
DW `4\%\%#%\$P9:6.+M)$'D$-9X$J*60%5$J*/8/2l/0Wq6.UD6.
-9X$J*2l$"E$60%-%\$P(!f%-+;W6-%\%-+;„%
8-$-%5$J*K%=%b/04%V-g
q6 4D6 $6 +6
D_ ƒP+Y$!-),2l$!$($"O!2Q0g
cE60/| 4cE60/| $&|60K%L +cEU/|60K%L
D `4=27$$P"<%(i!V$Z"2Q%•5“U2QI-9(<"Eb“!V
"<%(D$"%?R-:U$$(<"Eb+27"<%(s$"%?/V27$$PB_CW
(%2%J)2Q$($%"E"?%4%V-g
D_$" 4s$" $o$" +D$"
Do -%\$@$#„%4r;$'"+4t+-$';4tDuv
S/2l !2Q$@$#$'"#$%$P(!f09-M)
D
o
} 4
o
} $_
o
} +D
o
}
Dq ="09-M)/0TK%P6,r%$%4b2X*%•1
[%[$%r%%[%J)2l$!2X 4[%[$%r%r%J)2l$!
2X
$[r$%r%r%J)2l$!2X +[r$%r%%[%J)2l$!2X
Ds S/2l|!!I-(!?%*%M$%%#%M$'"K-)V{
DW
wD
/0UW
Do
`^8
*%r:"/2l%(4%V-=$P"%/2l%2%\\S9-J|%$'%
/0DUwW
q
}CK
DsK 4Ds
K $Ds
q
K +Ds
o
K
Dw ™-*%]6#$%*%(R#$'$($-)V:K%($%-6,9:/2l$($6#$%*%]U"0-9E$$($6#$%
60GH$($6#$%*%]GH/01
J-# 4f!L $<$=" +?%+#
W G/H!,-K4|I-"Y/@$$r%?+$'$/E$X/-O/-O/0+,-%.$P
4VK%O]k?GH\-K%O$P/@$$r%?$XS$'$/E$2l$4r0%Y1
%(4=-,-T60$P2XI- 4%(4=-,-T60K%O2XI-
$%(4=-/TU*%(4L=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
W `$/E$X2l$%rK%O6[:$ 6f!L$P/)P$p
x%$/E$I-6f!L$P/)P$
p%?6[:$$'$/E$2l$R($f%4t4=-%5$0g
6B
H$9G$9/D
α+α
46B
H$9G$9/D
α−α
$6B
H$9G$9/
α−α
+6BD/G$9p$9pH
WD GH\-%K%O%)]U$0/V$$%-KN+$'$/E$X$0SkGH?
:$!Y!2Q%f$%4\67$%Y1
%(4=-,-T60$P2XI- 4%(4=-,-T60K%O2XI-
$%(4=-/TU*%(4L=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
WW `/SKL%$PP$$%\I-iBs
\"0<9967*%M($$'P$$%\I-
$'/SKL%60$($%z%/SKL%"K%r"%Z"7/SKL%6-OP$67"0L%
$%,-!$'I-*%]I-9(2l$!V"0
Uwq"" 4Uwq"" $wUqq"" +Uqw""
W_ /.R$P$5K
UK
D
U$P$%,-+04t%-x%!^6[K%:/2l"60/.RK%?$%-KN
+$'6[/0
BUW9x%!^6[60/.RK
D
%?$%-KN+$'6[/0
D
BU_9x%
!^6[60%%/.R:%-"8-%?$%-KN+$'6[/01
UW9 4U9 $Uq9 +UD_9
W `$%J="+,-%.67*%2X!?%RBo9GFjFCDH$" %Q="B£9$%J
="b6f!L0U$P6[:$4t4%V-g
RBU6BoF$"C9 4RBU6BoF$"C9 $RBo$"U6B +RBo$"U6B
Wo !*%PR#p1
#%M$/Z"O 4#%M$/Z%O
$#%M$\"O +#%M$\%O
Wq -9X$J*$'"4\%\$P6.+M)"E$60"#DD6-%5$J*$P%-
%\%-+;o6$P+.$2Q%-+;Wi|I-"Y"J"(S/2l!4\%\
2Q%-+;$'+.I-$-9X$J*/01
sUD
D
i 4sUD
W
i $UsDi +_U
D
i
Ws +,-%.$P$Z89:!,-K0%?/)$'%+4t%-b"Y
%Q="g
+$P$Z4V 4+$Z*%
$+2l$*% +604
Ww ?"*%(4=-91
%#%M!J%•%2%!OU%V/K\%l*/#67%-U%-S/2l/0*%r5%%#$%
4 %r5%#%M9%!$($%#$P]K%:/2l4Ž%XK%:/2l$($%#48-/0*%r
5|S/2l
$ !%2Q2l$+Z!*%r5*%M%#$%
+ %r5%%#$%|!S/2l/7%X*%r5*%M%#$%
_ `6[<!27$2X$8-W$"$%"r%$Z$%,-U%|%X6[D/8‡($f%6f!L$'r%g
!27$2Xo$" 4!27$2X$" $ƒ-2Xo$" +ƒ-2X$"
_ `+.R)$%,-$P$2Q5$%QB
9GdjhH%+.I-!bcB
%?%/2l|!!%Qo*%TsM)/0"%$'/L27$SD
%+-
!V$'27$/0B_s}CKL%
g
Di 4Di $DDi +_i
_D f%/-[*%PR#$P4=-%5$1
"B"
^
y
4B
^
y
$B
^
y
+B
C^
y
_W GHx%+$%-)=6[%^%27!;$$%L%$'%J-KL%%?r%+$%-)=$Z$%,-676[6?GH
O%5$6f!LC+jC+…BCA$%%J)+…%f$%4\67+
%(4=-,-T60$P2XI- 4%(4=-,-T60K%O2XI-
$%(4=-/TU*%(4L=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
__ O%5$09-M)không 2l$+Z=L%$%-KN+$'$/E$/.Rg
B
K
"
Dπ
4B
ω
πD
$B
/
Dπ
+B
A
_ %\-(%9(KL$%%L$%$PBU_swu"60x/!\40I--9-J/2l{/0Œ
?"$2Q+.I-4‰%.
UD"i 4UD"i $UD"i +D"i
_o x\/-[09-M)/0saiK%P6,+ !"#$%+&
P/0I-(!?%4\]-8%0$'L$%$';
4 P/0I-(!?%4\]-8%0$'$2Q+.
$ P/0I-(!?%4\]-8%0„S/2l!2Q60S/2l !2Q
+ P/0I-(!?%4\]-8%0$'S/2l$'"#$%
_q -)V{%!Ob!#%($X4rU2l$KL$%%L$%60$P4(KL%I-–#+ S/Vw/8L%
427$9P$'45$R#$PS/2l/7%Jg
UDu" 4Uoqu" $UWu" +UWu"
_s `#"#$%a""!b%-8c:\*67";$P+-"E$60%-%\
R)$%,--B
9d2Q%-+;$'+.I-"#$%2l$R($f%4t%%5$0
9-M)g
B
D
H—cGD
+
4B
H—cGD
D
D
+
$B
H—cG
D
D
+
+
H—cGD
D
D
+
_w !%L%"‚M6,%(%9(U4\BW"UB""UyBUou"#6f!L$($%6M
!-M"oUW""U%J)$P1
M9(4[$ 4M9(4[$_ $M:4[$o +M:4[$_
GH=$Pr%!~ŽU"<*%rR#$'2X$8-*%r/0"<*%•6?GH=$Pr%!~ŽU2X$8-
*%r$PP$"b!J%|
*%(4=-,-T60$P2XI- 4%(4=-,-T60K%O2XI-
$%(4=-/TU*%(4L=-9 +%(4=-9U*%(4=-T
