Luận án phó tiến sỹ " Góp phần nghiên cứu hệ sinh thái vườn nhà đồng bằng sông Cửu Long vầ thành phố Hồ Chí Minh " ppsx

'S£ (HAOIH)C vA DAo Tl~O
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TR{()NG 1)6J H()C TONG H()PTP. H() CHI MINH
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N(;UYIi.:NTlIJ NHQ(: AN
~J T()1\t1TAT LE~N AN :
(]()j>PHAN NGHIEN cifU H(~SINH THAi
VCi()Nr-Ul,.\n6NO B"\NG SONG,ClJO LONG
vA THANH PRO H6 CHi MINH
Chuyen nganh Sinh Thtl;-I.fa 86 : 01 05 -20
Tom t~t Lu~n an Ph6 Tien sf Khoa hQc SiNI-l- J.l0<;
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THAN~~)H?ttin (~Hi ~1T~H
1992 -
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Lu'}n an du,/c hoan thanh t'}i :89 man Sinh lv.oi, Khoa Sinh H~c,
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Trudng D'}i H9c Tong H~ Thanh Fha Ho Chi l"1inh
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Ngucfi hUcfng dan khoa h9c : .

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- Giao Set Tien ~i : PHUNG TRUNGNGiIN
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- f he Tie n 8i : BUr VAN KIEN
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Ngetdi nh'}n xet 1 :
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Ngudi nh~n xet 2 :
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Cd quan nhcrnxet .
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Lucrnan
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tai
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Vao luc t
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Co the hm
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se d1J.1obaa v~
Trtting D~i H9°
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g1d
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hteu luan an
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t'}i H9i Dong cham lui\n an Nha 1')11'70
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Tong H1.P Thanh Fha Ho Chi Hinh.
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ngay thang
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tg.i Thtt Vi~mo
nam
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Lu~n an d11.1cbean thanh t~i B~ men Sinh l'.oi, Khoa Sinh H<;(c,
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Trudng D~i H<;cTong Hqp Thanh Fho Ho Chi 11inh
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Ngucli ht 'dng dan khca h<tc :
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- Giao 511.Tien ~i : PHUNG'mUNGNGiJ~
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- 1-ho Tie n Si : BUr VANKIEN
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Ngudi nh~n xet I :
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Ngddi nh~n xet 2 :
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Cd quan nh~n xet :
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Luan an 5e d11.de baa ve
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h~p t~i Tr11.1ngD~i H9c
Vao luG : gi(j

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CO the t1ffi hieu luan an
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t~i H9i Dong cham lu~n an Nha Nlidc
.oi ,.()o,.,.
Tong H1P Thanh Fho Ho Chi dinh.
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ngay thang
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tai Th11.Vien.
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nam
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DAU
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Dan so the gicfi ngay Gang dong, va gia tang theo cap so
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nha!!., tro~g k~ di;n tJ.C h da:!: dai c}.1/ trtt, co ~\ln, vai nguyen
t!;i e.n nhi~n ngay c~ng ~'u 1d~t, "loa~ ngtt~ can phai t{l.n d'tng
d~t' 'dai,. d~",khai thac tong ptjp cac san pham tau ho{l.ch tren manh
dat hiem co.
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Vi the ~t tron~ nh~g ~i~n ,hap "httu hifU va,tt1iet ~h1/c"
dttclc dat ra la tim hieu va phan tJ.ch cac me mnh st! dung totco
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l4E2U qua ki~h ~e cao nst! : cae: vttdn Dba, cac mo hinh ncng lam,

Dong ngu, va lam ngtt kat hQ'p o
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Tlicfi gian",qua, van de nay tren the gidi dlttc nhieu nha
khoa h2c quaD tam.
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- "Rieng d YiE?t Nam, va nhat la~ cae tinh yhia Nam, Wdn nh~
gitt mot vai tro quaD tr9ng trong Den kino te d~a phttdnl!: day la
"'" "A", " ':o:f'l
met h~ s~nh ~hai d2c d~o, va., cu~g l~ ph1£dn~ thttc wa ~e sttd1}ng
h;tP ly ~uy ~at d~i tbttdng nho be, ytta de t~n dvng n~on l~o
d~ng nha~ ro~ nha~ nan~ ca~ tau nh~p cho ~ia dinh. Gong, cu~c
nghien cw cling gap phan
.
ho trd chttdng trl.nh IDA 001 GI1Ii'iNGm;c
'1 t ~
Qua Thanh Pho va Trung U'dng hi~ n nay.
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Nghien
cw he sinh thai V't4 'dn nha cling vdi muc dich tttng
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bttdc-<,da cai thi~!; va ph1}e Vl},ddi ~ong ~han dag nhtt}o.:s~nh ho~t,
an Hong, dinh dudng~ tang cttdng stte khoe va go}J phan VaG viee
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. vui ehdi, giai tri,
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PRAN J.V19!
: TONGQUAl'JTAl LI~ VAPHU'o'NGPIW> NGHI~ Cuu
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cRub'NG 1 : LICH sO' NGHI!::NcOtJ HE SINH THAI vuol~NHA THEN
"- "GiOIVA 0' VIiT NAf'1 - .

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I. TRENYtlEGluJ. :
TH~
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M9t so nttdc' eo quaD taJll nhttng tai li~u nghien cw con it
(F AO, l'1AB) .
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Trong vung it Chau, V1idn nha d1i.1e khao sat d Indonesia tu'
t -", i'C", , A" ')"
Dam] 953.Den Dam1910, ,da eo met se Gong trJ.nh nghien eu'llphan
r" " ":", t, '"
l:fti t?p trung v~o khia e~nh sini?- thai va kinh te, een ve van
p -" , ", A r '"
hea, xa h9i thi ehda ee. Soemarwoto va e<;;ngtaevian (1915) ,
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Karyono : Indonesia(1990), Long Chun Lin(1990) nghien eu'll wdn
.,
(
t
nha d Xishuangbanna 'frung QUoe).
20
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r1o 6' VIET N.AIil: Co eaeeong trinh nghien ct "QQua ong Ph{UllThanh
~o" " ,,< -" " "-
Giang (1978), GS Lam Quang Huyen (1985), GS Tien 8i 16 Gong KiE(t
(1987), GS Hoang H~a va e9ng tae vi~n(1987), l-'ho Ti~n S1 L~' Tr£mg
Cue (1990). ,:::~
,
,.,1-",'::." -< ,
Nhin ehunl! cae tae gia da co quan, tam den V11dnnha nhttng cae

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eong tr~nh nghien e\.t~ ehua co thdi gian dao sau nen m~t so yeu to
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lien quail den xa hoi, denviec nang cao nang suat, lqi tUG, hieu
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qua kinh te can phai khao sat them de dam l~i 111 ich cho nhan dan.
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CHUbNG2 : NOr DUNG VAPHUO'NGPHAP NGHIEN cOb
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I. NGUYENNHAN-rImc HIEN DE TAl:
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Nttde Viet Nam dat h~p vo'i di~n tich co d~nh, tl';ong
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so gia tang nhanh, do ,do ty le gitta disn tieh dat deli tinh
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ngddi ngay Gang giam. ,',
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- Chien traub, bom'dan tan pha m!;t die-n tieh 10'n rung va V11dn,
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nhat la vddn cay ahqUQ~; ,
"A A"")-;;':':;"-",,, ~",< ,,<'x ""
Visc can thiet' bien na:r.la t~m hisu cac ~reu to dat dai,nguon
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n~dC, kf thu~t~ pha~ b?n{~~~h~i",kinh7te<'.,<ttt dchdexuat"cac mo
h~?h phu h~ de ~ BoP"pha?,vao :YJltc f,~ai quyst ,<ngucn lac ~9ng dtt
thua, tao c(mg a,Q) vi~C l~m, them nguon kinh te phu gia dint, ta.ng
"."" ,'.", '" , ,,4 C ,
t~em n~uon" hy V<;rig.~a,'~:an 1am tr~ng lor;g n~itd~ ,da~. Ngo~i ra c~n
gop pha~ nan~ cae ddi~s-(¥1~no.n!R tho~,! gi~m b~\y1/j~ach"bi~~ gi~a
n~ttdi dan ~hanh ~h~ ~a t:ho'n que, giup Nha Nttclc th1fc hi~n dan vi~c

xay d1Jng nong thou mdi.
II" !!QI Duim NGHIE2lCUtr.': ' ,
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V~n d\lng cae ki~h,Rghiem Qua Karyono (1981), Long Chun Lin
~ , ""< .", "1" ",
(1990). To ehttE h~ tlIong ,sinb thai no~g n~hi~:p d~ng Nam~Chau ,A
(SUAN)(1990) ve nghien edu he sinh thai nong nghiep, nghien e\.t~
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vddn nha trong dieu kien cn the rj' Viet Nam,
ket h""'" vdi mue tieu
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nghien c\.t~ : Tim hieu ciac diem cd ban Qua vtidn nha Viet Nam qua tae
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dong eua een ngudi, tim hieu cae du diemcua visc chan bo cay con
~ 1 "," " ~ " ,( ," +:; 1 ,(
va st! dung phan bon, cham see h\.t~ hieu nhat, va hisu oua kinh te
,°"'/, "<, ." ", ,
cbo phep cI cae" vunlj dat khac !:ha~. D~ do cac""n¥i dung chinh dtt'!c
t~p trung ngbien c\.t~ trong lu~n an nay baa gom :
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- Phan t~ch oem true) ehttc nang, nhttng 'net dae trdng, cua vddn
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nha eung s~ bien d9ng eua no khico taa nhan ban ngcai '(di~u ki~n
"
khi dan
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tren dau
3
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tl/ nhien, con ngucfi ) tac d~ng den h~ sinh thai vUdn nha.

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- Phan tich cae ~c diemJdnh te, xa h~i, trcng do co
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trc chu d~ cua ngdcfi chu v~cfn.
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- 1'10ta cae' me hint wcfn nha ~e sac cf dong bang Song C1.l'U.
tOng (DBSCL)va Th8.nhph~ Hpchi IJlinh (Tf .HCN), d cae vUng sinh
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thai khae Mau. ' ' " .
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- Phan tieh hi~u qua kinh te cae me hint tren.
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- De xuat nhling bi~n phap chamsoc, Irs thu~t de xay
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nhling me hint tot un thieh h</p,cho ttL"'ngvung.
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III. PHUbNG PHAP NGHIEN Cuu :
, '" ,"',. . , '" 1,. ) ,
Fhucfng phap' ngN.~n cw ehl.nh dua tren viec khao sat, dieu
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tra cf cae ho ilia dl.ph, kiem nghiem s~n xuat cf ngoai thuc dia,dieu
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tra ve kinh te-xa ht;:i, chu ;>Teutong kat tap quan wdn nha nong
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dan de xay duns:! hUdm-rDhat trien (khong dat nang cong tac phones
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thi nghi~m). Gong eu~e nghien cun gom 2 bude chinh :
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1) Di thl/c d!a thu th{lp so liEt~ :
",. "" ",'. ,. ". "

Gom cae vi~c- chuan b!, so' .tham, khao sat trcng bac wan
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cac vung 'dat ::ohen, Rhu sa nude ngot, man, TIhen man, fliong cat,
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dat xam tren phu sa c,o, va dat nut, thuoc cae xa cua cae Huyen
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trong 'I'inh Dong ,'rhap)Tien Giang, Long An, Ben Tre, CunLon~ (vung
D~ng biing S8ng 'Cdu Long) va cae huy~n ngo?ithanh Tha.nhphoH~,Ch{
lviinh. .
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Ngoai viee khao sat Vlicfnnha, con tl.m hieu them ve tl.nhhinh
1 I ' ,( Ao , c ,( ,.' , "
san xuat, tint hinh kinh te, xa h~i, cae yeu to chinh da tac d9ng
c . ,
den wan nha.
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2) Thuth~ so liEt~ :
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Sau khi thu th?p so lieu, phan tich kat quq., dong thcfi tim
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hieu : hieu qua cae me hint :
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- Dau VaG : Tong chi phi' ( =
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- Dau ra : Tong thu nh~( =
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- 1ii t1Jc rong : 111 tue Sau

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10'1 tuc/m2 = X = ~
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vat
dljrlg
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dong)
d~ng)
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khi da tr1i chi phi.
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L~ tuc 'ron~ '"
tich cant tac, chan nuoi
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~Doanh l~,= D~
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=
Ldi nhu~n
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Chi phi san xuat
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, Sau eung, phan lo~i, so santi, danh gia hi~u qua: ya'de xuat
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mo h:wh toi'l.<"'u -vdi, nhUn~ eai tieD can thiet eun~ nhlf \?6C ,dlfa
A'" '- ." '" I ,,\'\,,;1( ~,;

t~en b~ khea h~c ky thu~t vao slf v~n nann cae mo hinh toi 'l.<"V;eho
tung khu vuc.
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PH$i HAl :' KET QUA VA TRAO LU~
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CHUbNG3 : CACDACDIEI4 CUA vuo'N NHA
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1. ~tNH NGHIA : ¥~n, nha ~~ IIl9t ~tt t~ong s~)"d\}qg.dat~}?;?~. m~t
can nha bao quanti bdi math da.t, ,dlidc trong nh:teu lcai ca;tcol.;, boa
mau kha,e nhp,u dO nhi:.ingth~nh!'Vi~n trong gia d1.nh th~e hi~tl v-1im~e'
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dich chinn la dap l.<.ing nhu' ea11'j ,sinh ten. ' "
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II sl1 PHilli, BIE~ ,V'UO'N~HA V'A vuol~ :
-" '
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1) V~n : La he thong co, dieD tich dat thudhg Idnhdh 1 mau
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(1 ~a ,ho~c ~.OO~.,~)~ copg la~a~ng ~h11dng~ha~ md7n'~nem~:ngudi
ngeai, gia dint v~<wehumdn khong thudhg xuyen d t~i. da~ "
",' ",~",,_!,,>" ,~"j.' d,.'" ",' ,"'" 1
,2) V~n nl1a :,::,1~ jn@n" co, ;l<:h:tco them ru~ng bacquq,ph nha
11 ,'11 ,., '" " ',,' " ',"; ,
eua~lJ.U ~n, vade e4c, thanh vien. eua gia dinh thuc hien'canh tac
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:La",chi:rih (c5:ng ~ao d9ng ,eo,:~he, ~lltdn "them n~eai ho~c khong) vdi
di~n tich In2t l1ai tram m2 den m~t ho~c 2 mau.

" ,', 'Ai,"",' '" ,-"
V11dnnha ,d Vi~t Nam'qo the c~ia lam 2 lo?i : ';-'
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a) Y11dht1] curigt1!~ : phan Idh gal' d gia d:tnhnon(t,then,
th11c hi~n treng lue nh~m roi v~ m~t s~ c~y an trai a g~n bOtrao,
ra~ q~a" d quanti nha ndi clf trti, die
.
n t1ch khc@g loo~500 Lt2)( H~c
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Chu y : M~t vai ca-;,T'trlf,),c san, 5~lO giG Ian 'treo tr11')'~"'blfa
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khong phai la doi t11dng. khae sat (,),Indonesia,Thai Lan;,,:':'wi cay
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cling g~i vlfdn Dba, d ViEtt Nam d~t n!ng v~n de kin.h te hq'nJ
)
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b V~dn taG san pham hang boa ~ Dong vai tro kPa quaD trcng
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treniS CU9C seng cia dint, th11')'ng co di((n tich kheang t11 500-20000

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m2 (2 h~) d~C0 .the taG kinh te phu gia d:tnh, hoac co th~ sinh
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song bean toaD nh')' hue ldi thu beach (mot se ho ')' non
g trlfdTIg
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q~ocdoanh, r:J cae xa thugc niien 'I'ayNam ~ .0")'
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III. ChU THuC VA CHuG Nl\NG CUA vuu'N NHA ~.
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11. Cau true va thanh phan 'eau t~ :
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1) Gau true : ~e diem ehinh de phan bi~~ Vlir:Jnnha v':Ji v1idn,
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Vlidn nha la s1J hi~ndi~n c~n nha (hang rao co ho~c khong) ,0' DBSCL
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va ngo~ 0 TP.HCM, ke,ea vqng nong thon, hang r~o ben hongG~p rat
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it (khoang 250 0), con hang raG ~hia truae a cae vuan nha .khong
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theemot dang co dinh va cung khong nhat thiet bat buoe phai co"
(' 7", . , .
Hangr.ao aphia truae d1J.':}ephan ra nhu sau :'
/

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- 30 0 0 khong co hang rao.
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- 70 0 0 co hang rao la cay canh,
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tretrue,
day kern gai ho~e bag g~ch xay
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tre kho che mong.,. cae b1J.i
'\
t1iang.
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Trong cau true v1ian nha co :
- Can nha
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- Nha tam : va t lieu XCi:,'
- Chu~ng gia ~-ile:. tr;'u,
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- AO ea (tom.,,")th1idni:i,
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phan, nude thai.
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Khoang 90 % aa ea 0' nong thon duqe nuoi bang can
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ngudi) va phan gia sue (thuo'ng la phan heo), day la van de
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nhieu ngudi quan tam VJ no theo ehu trinh khep kin VAG"
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10 % ao ea dude nuoi bang earn, la mi, phieu sinh dong

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thuc vat.
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2) Thanh phan h~ th1!e v~t cu.a Vlir:Jnnha :
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Gem co nhtlng cay go ,bui, boa thao, day leo eung vdi nhieu
7' .
~hung lo~i khae nhau.
7, '\ 7 ,-"" A"
Khao sat Vlir:Jnnha a DBSCVva ngoai 0 TP.HCN sa bo giup chung
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toi nh~n thay : Tong so co 270 loai, thu¥c 85 h¥, so loai naythay
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doi trong mlla kho va mlla mua tuy thee tho'i V1.1va d~ell ki~n khu
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d~G rat phu h1P vdi nha d.
be, heo

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c~nh chuang gia sue, nh~n
,
nguon
( ph;'n
dude
.
,
vue"
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B. Chue !fang. va tam qu.imtr<t~ eua Iludn nha ~
6.
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Vl1dn nha co nhieu IfluC,d:lch va chuc Pang, gil1 vai tro quaD
,.(, 1,. 1 A ,.( 1
trong dol vdi ehu V11dnnhu,:tao san pharo tu cung, tLt cap, tao ve
my"quan, gia tri kiOh te, gia tri ~ hoc, ch~c nang b~o trl g~n ,
, 1 AA 1 ".~'", t 1"
ehuc nang bao ve dat, cai thien tieu khi tau. Anh hLtdng moitr~g
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do' cae chu wan luon, chuy. den: mat kinh te, lo'i nhuan ma dol khi
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quen taG d9ng co hai den sdc khoe con n~uo'i hoae cae dong vatkhae
1 " . ,." ,.( )( 1-A A <"
~ bdi, dung cae 10~i pha,p pan, thuoc di~t co, thucc di~t trtt sau,
ray.
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IV. ~ BIEN WNG CUA vuo'N NHl1:
,,1 ,'" A ~ I'
Wdn nha a DBSCL va ngo~i 0 T1'.HC.!:.'lthay dol theo ehieu htto'ng
I' ," "",., """,
khac khi co znc.?ttrong cae nguyen nhan sau day tae dS?ng:
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- Nam, mac, con trung, diet bent, dong vat gay mot so benh,
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che cay trong.
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- Chu vttdn tl1 y thay dol ea;l trong de phu hn'n vdi yeti eau
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th~ trueing, tang hue lcfi (Ben 'fre, An Phu Dong, Tien Giang". <)
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- Dl}kien cai t{lo trong wdn cua Nh,a Nl1dc neu khong , d111e
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nghien ott\). ky} khan>! chu -dong gia ea thu mua 58 lam ant hl1ang den
~ , ," 5< ,( A ~ , 1 -
vltdnrnhg Nguyen nhanAquary tr99g ,npat J-a van deAgia caAth~ ~rl1dng
vi no tac d'om~ m~mtJ.do~ vdi ~hu V11dn~am tl}ay do:k Cry[au v1/-dnnha~'
fHutlNG 4 ~ DIEU KI~ IJI01 TRutJ'NGc1h GAGNHON, KIEU vUb'NNH~
, ,
ii. VI TRI DIA LY :
~- "
, ".( 'I 1, -0".(
- DBSCLtint tl1 Long An den Minh Hai, trai dai ttt830 den
e-L:" 0' ,.,
11 vi Bac va 104 30 Kinh Dong.
. ,., -'" , " 0 I'" A 0,,"
::: ~ .HCiVl,thu98 ~ d<iI' Ba;:tl1 19 2~ 3~, den 11 04 17
kinh d9 Deng tli 106 01 25 'den 107 01 11.
.',
,A ,;("",
B. KHI HAU : DBSCLva l',LHCH mang tint chat khi tau gio mua can
, , rt ,: , A , A. " .
xi ch dao, cae yetito khi tau 'tuy co thay" doi theo mua, nhttng ttto'ng
~ A. " . , "" ,.,A
doi on dint tl1 pam na
y
q
Ua nam khac. Khi tau
,

do am
,
' lu'dng nnta ,
, I'. A ,.( 'I Ox ,.'
ant sang, do boc hcfi 0' DBSCL, Tf .HCN tl1o'ng doi thich h?'P cho
",'" t ", " .
s~ phat trieD cua VU0TIDba.
G. TIillY VAN :
~ , ,., 1 "rt",
1) Dong bang song C:iu LonG ~ mang m?t so net chinh nhl1 sa'~ :
, I' ", , , ~ .",
,.( ~ DBSCL co 2 song chinh la : Song Tien va song H~u,
cap mtdc. ' . '"
"
va
cung
ri
" j
7 7 ,. '" "\ ~ >-
NgGai.),?-~h h~dn~ xaIT~nh~ rn~n~ phan, ~n~ U"a~ de ,
qu~n tr9~g ph:'t1lai~?:. vo'i. vi~c: trong vudn .Den can 'co
phong chong l~:1;\l}'j ": ,', .'
, "').,., ,,"'" "'"
2) Thanh pho' Ho Chi j."linh : H~ thong song, r~ch, kenh tren
,. A.,.,., .'" . " '" .'
d:!,a ban Thanh l'ho co d9 dai tren 7.86.5km, vcfi di~n tich nudc m~t
A " ~., ' ,7~,
tren 33 500ha. .Hm. song Saigon va Dc\lg Nai gill vai tro chu yen va
'" , , """" 7 7 ~""",
tieu thoat nudc Toan bo song, rach chin anh huang che do bannhat

1 '" 1 , . " ", " .
trieu khan!;) den, va ehia 3 vung : ng<,(t quanhnam,lrJ va m~n.
"", " ~ 7, ,
, Nguon mtdc ~t : tho'i ~,. cao diem eua m\la mua : thua; l'lua
'.' '" ~ . .
kho : thieu.
h , 1 ,
Nguon nude ngaIll : dang tham do.
,,(
lu lut :rat
bi~~ ptl;Jp
. ,
D. DIll HINH :
'.
)
~ , " 7 7,,(,,7
1 Dong bang song Cu"uLong: DBSCLchu yen do phu sama'i cua
A 1 - ,. "1 , "
song C1J.uLong (Nekong) boi dap nen :
. ,. , '" ,).,. A, ,
. Veneac dong song ldn (Tien Giar:g, H~u Giang) d~a hinhcao':
, " , A "". "" ~, ,
hinh thanh cac dat phu sa chtia phav:, boa phau dien }Go nhiell vr:ldn
, """,,(' A ,
riha dll'jc thanh l~,cahgxuong hlio'ng Tay Nam : d~a'hinh cang bang
7 , .
P
han
g
. '

, , >- , ',," }"
- Cae vung dong tang co dia hinh ;trung binh nhti : TienGiang,
7 - '" A ,. .
Cltu Long va m9t so na'i khac. ' .' ,
, ,'" " '"
-Cac ndi d~a hinh ha'i thap nhting tHatnttde tot nhll :
7 , , A ,
Giang, Cltu .1Qng, .d.nGiang da hinh thanh dat phu sa gley. '
A, ,7' -'" 1 ':~
- Tren cae cqa hinh cua nui va b~e them phu ~a co da
" ~, A , ,
thanh cac lo~i dat xam nau vang, b~e man thlldnt, ngheo
dtidng.
. '
, "", , : '" A , , "'
2) Thanh pho Ho Chi Ivlinh : va'i tong, di~n tieh t1! n~en la
,
"" , ' : '"
205.6.50 ha Mm trong khu vtie tiep giap~i1ia mien Dong Nam.do va
", ~ " ~""" ',
BESCL, keG da;L::r:fp.bien, ~a hinh thap dan. tli Dong sang Tay va tll
, "" '.,' )". .}""
Bac xuong Nam. q.:!'l hinh gem 4 d,~ng : D?ng doi go ltirJn song, dC3,ng
~ . : ).,., ,,(,
ttto'ng doi bang. dang trungdamlay va dang thap, mo'i. hinh thanh
~ , .
van bien. . .
.~. , 1 '" "'A'" , ,,:j
Eo THO NHu6NG
: Tuy thee. dieu ki~n phan be dat, ngtto'i. taco the

" ". , , '" , A ,
ehia cae vung dat ehinh co lien quan den V1.tdnnha nhu san:

H~u
hlnh
dinh
8.
A, A", ~
' ~) VU?g ~at p~et! is) : VW:Jnnha ~1i'i!Cth~et 1~I:;.kh~. nhieu
vuhg dat phen ~t, con dat phen trung b~nh thlidng pha~ cax t~o,
A ~ , ,A T A"
dat phen nhieu thudng v~n cay an qua nang suat khong cao.
, A, ,
)
:A',' '"
2) Vung dat phu sa. nude ngct (p ~ Bat phu sa n1ide ngot rat
, 4 ,"" n'- 1 A" , ," ,
.thich hgp de trong cae lo{,li cay an q~a, cay lCiu naill, rau mall 'va
", " ,A A" ,,:
lua. Do do v1idn nha tren dat nay thudng phong rlm va da d~ng.
, ,""", A 1" ," A
. ~ 3r Vun~ da\ m<l£ (iv1) : Bat m~n ~t va t~ng ~inh lien quan
nhieu den vddn nha. .
. ,
, ", "" A"" A
4) Vung dat phen man (Sl4) : Bat phen man th1idngphan
'\ , "-A A.t ,
dia hinh trung tint hoac thap DBSCL : dat phen manth1icfng co
" -', 1 "" x <> 1
Thlia (Long An), v~ rai rac cf !ien Gian9' Ben"Tre, C<.::"'uLong,

Gian~, ~c bi~t t{1P trung nhieu Hinh Hai, Kien Giang.
"
A ~, x ~ , , , ,
5) Vung dat giong cat (Cz):.Dat giong cat thiGh h1P vrJi slj
1, , "" 1" A'" '"
sinh trucfng va phat trien cua cae cay trong nhli : nhan, mang eau
, ". I' " ' J , 1
ta, xoai, tao, bau bJ , ,khoai lang, ran d{1u, hap, haITh, toi
" A ,'"",.!I A'A:',
6) Vung dat xam tren phu sa co (X): DUde phan bo theo th1it1i
", '~ 1-' 1 ", .
Long lin, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien Giang, Cn Chi, Thu Blfc (IT .HCM)
)
' A ,
( )
,A A_, 1 -,., A:
7 ' Vung dat nui F,: r,han bo. rai tac d thi xa Chan Doc,
A ",' A " A', A
Huyen Tinh Bien, Huyen l'ri Ton va Huyen Thoai Sdn. Day la loaidat
0(. '" - "-,, . "', . A
ngqeo .dinh dlidng do xci men rua trci nen vddn nha co nang gnat
thap .
1
d
1
d
A . 1
bo d
1 1
r:J Thu

"
H{.lu
., ::< A ;,. "" "A" A A
,,"" T~m l~~ : m~i l~ili ~at che Peep trong TIl9tso cay, neu muon
trong cay khac thJ phai datit1i nhieu.
" 1" ,1
F. THut VAT: cua vddn nha d BBSCL
-' -
" 1 1 1 " , 1 A ~ -,
.Th1/e vat d DBSCLeh~u ant hudng san sac cua dat, dong th:Ji
1 1.A,. ) , , , , "" A_"
da ant hub'ng den qua tr1.nh hint thanh'va phat tr.ien dat re r~t"
'\ A , ",A A ,""
- Vung dat phu sa nude ng<;t : cay chiem ttu the, th1ic vat d
,
A, 1 ,( " ~ ., ,( " A" . 1
d~a hinh, thap ~hu y~u ~a lu,;, ,d~a h~nh ~ao ehu ;yeu la, ca:l an qua
nhll : xeai, nhan, vu slia., tae cay cong nghi~ : dlfa .
" A '" 'A A
-Vung dat phen, phen~n : no'i d~a hinh thap, th1JC v~t
,,"" -,' , , - 1
hcang dai phat trien manh me va phong phu taG thanh nhdng tham
,,' " "1" , - - . ","'"
thllc vat day, d<;; che l hu lan, tich Iuy h<.::"'ucd cae. Vunt:; nay cav
~ 1 1 ~".( - '" "" ", : ~
heang d~i ant hdo'ng den da t m~nh me hdn cay treng vi cay trcng d
.9
'," ? ~ " , ", ,? ",
ca~ VU?g~hen~ ~n, chu ~eu I'; l,;a, tr~, dua Ien lip ~cq.~ hi~h
thap va m~t so cay'}iIi qua khac cJ ~a hinh cao nhdng tac dc;ng con

hap. ,,',v ,~,'
. ,
" " A., "1", ,
G. OONG'JAT : Dong vat cJ wcJn nha DBSCLva ngo~ 0 Tt' .HCh bao
> ',,-' . .
gom cac Io~i sail: .
1) Cl~n nu~i :
" " , , > , , ' '
a) Tren can: cae loaf gia,Suc, gia carn thucJng du!jc
" ',,;, "",c,;", . :><~ "
ta nuoi llhu : trau,bo, heO"meO".iftl1o, ga, v;i t, ngong
"" , '10., ".,. '\ ??
b) DUcJi nucJc : phan-lcJn la moi tr:t!cJng, thuy san nhu : cua
'" " ~, ,- ,? ,
tom cang xanh, nghieu, so, cc, ca tra, me hoa,tram cc, chep,
phi, tai t~g
,
nglicJi
,
"
ro
, "
A
2) Danh b,ittu nhien

A , ~, "?,
a) Iren c?n : Tran, ran, act, nhai, chim chuQt, khi~ soc
, , " ? A " "),, ", ,
b) Dudi nucJc: Tom the, tom he, tap, ca ro dong, ca Ioc, ca
tre,, eel s~c, eel tr?ch, IUcJn ~ ,

, ,
- ," ""," '" ".,
~ CONNGUO'I: Con ng1.icJi thucc nhom nhan to sinh vat, 'Ia 1 trong
, A, . ",' " , '\ ~'"
5nhom nhan tc Dhat sinh. Hieng he sinh thai vrlcJn nha la, he sinh
", .s;, ,? '\ " 1" . A
thai nhan t~o nen vai tro cua con nBucJi co tint ch¥ d9ng, quyet
A,'" ?" ,
d~nh cali truc va chuc nang cua h~ sinh thai.
1, A ~, ,A ",
a Viet !'Jam, nhat Ia DBSCLva ngo~ 0 TP.HCM, wan nha dong
" ~. A ,A " > "
"va~ tro rat q~an ~~sn~, b~n-c~nh.s¥,ch~n"I~a:cJ cali cay ~ro~~,v~t
nuoi, con ngucJi con vo phan bon, tucJi tieu, dao muang, xe lip ,
'\ ".(" 1 ,4> A 1> ,
dung thuoc di~t co, tru Sau ray tat ca deli do con ngucJi.
~ - ,,'
CHUaNG5: KINHTE XAHal

" , A ' "".(
I. so' LDQ'CPHAT THIEN DBSCL TO' XUA DEN NAY:
A", , At., , > ".(
stt hiendi~n va phat trien cua eon ngucJi DBSCLbat dati rat
'1(.~ "'- "" ~ ,
so'm cJ vung Dong Nai -Gia Dinh roi Ian dan xuong DBbCLeach na~-
1 ", . > "'" ",
khoang 6.000 ~am (Theo C6 DucJng Hong Hien), ben e~nh do eo s~phat
A 1 'i' , , A.' ,
trien cua VTlcJnnha. eo the tom tat qua 5 giai doan : Giai doan
'" "'-" '" A1 1",(" ,'"

, dati (Dau cong nguyen - The ky X'nI) : san xuat 11ia~g th~c con tho
A 1 " ~ ", ,,'"
scJ, giat do~n (the 1<;'1XViI - XIX) m;?t, so Y,ucJnca~ an trai ~at deu
duvc trang, giai do~n (Ail
- xx) : vUdn e~ an qua du~c trong
10.
~ ;( '" 'I
n113;eu, giai do~n XX - 1915;(: do chi~n" tra~h vlta'n cay an, qua
pha ho~~, giai do~n 1915 den nay: vltdn cay du1c ph~c hoi.
" "-<,, 1 " "
- Dan cu : su phan bo datI cu d DBSCLva ngoai 0 'I'F'.HCIVlkhong
)., " " . )., l' '\ ,.(, ' -, ,
deli. Dan cu tap trung nhieu d cac vung da:t mau md, phUng ,no'i phat
~ " .', 1"" -< 1" " ;(
trien vlto'n nha thudng ty lit datI so cao, ty l~ nam thuo'.ng thap ho'n
nd (nam : 45-49 0/0, n~ td 51-55 0/0). ,
, ," 1, -,~ -<" """
f'han ldn dan d cac xa dieu tra ~opg bang nghe pong (tti 80 -
",;( , -< '\ , ,. ,,' , "" "
9S 0/0),. .5.0 eon l~ song bang nghe' khac nhu: lam can Ix; cong nhan
" , , ,
, " " , , "
vien nha,ntidc, lai xe, lai tau, buon:ban, daub ca, lam thue
" ",.c', ,,1 "",.(t' ", , ,
-' Dat dai su dung ,: Dien tich dat cant tac ruong, vrlo'n, va
, .~ .,- . , , ~ "
ao ca chiem ty l~ kha quan tr~ng, ca bi~t co no'i di~n tich ,wo'n
-" - -" '" '" 7 '"
cao ho'n ru~ng (xa Tan POOng, xa Ngu Hiep, Huyen Cai Lay,t1nh 'lien,
, ", ";(" '.'

Giang, cac xa An Phu Dong, HUYE}nHoc hop, Tf'.HCM )
'. , ,', ;( ", 'I
- Giao duc van boa :' Hau bet cae bac eha, me d DBSCLva 'IT.
\0. . ,At' -< ,.(. "
HC1"Ideli muon cho con em hoc hanhden ndi den chon. Tuy. nhian, do
, " ,.( _".,1," " " "
dieu kien kinh te, xa hoi, hoan cant gia dint, mtic thu nhap ma
" " ", ', 1,,(' ~
tUng no'i.,tting luc da .co phung con em bi bo hoc
,
so hoc sinh pho
" ' 'I . . .
thong b~ giam.
bi
.
,.(" "" " 'I -<
- Y Ta : Cacxa gap Huyen, chd thuo'ng co daJ.r du thuoc men,
, -,:; , , " ,""', 'I" " , -<
Y, Bac 5i, va gitidng b~nh kha nhieu, ccn d vung sau thi thistle
" ," \0.' ", -< 1" '1
~ -:. ~E. : Cae ~9 ?ieu, tra co di~n chiem"t~,. lEt ~hoa~g 50-jO?!fJ
~han ldn t~p"trun9 d ~di gan ~~c\o.l~ giao thong (quoe l~ 1)50 con
l~i ndi xa xoi phai sti dl(ng den dau.
"
" , - '" ,.( " . '" " 'I ,
- Giao thong: Cac xa gan Quoe 10 I phan lo'n sti dung bang
dtidng~, xe co (kho~nk' 80 0/0) . 20 o/~ b~ng t8.u be, ri~ng m;t
',.( - ""t ,,' ~ "", , '"
so xa nhti Tan thongJ. Tan Long, 'l'anPhu (Tian Giang) sti dung, phan
, , " 1 ", '"

ldn t~u be do v1 tri dti1c bao quanh bo'i cae kent, r~ch, song
, ' ,.( -, ", , ~ " " ;(
, -Kinh te : Xa nao co vltdn phat trien ho~c dan chuyen song
'" ~ ~ "" -<A -< ,.(
l)~ng nghe trong v1idn thtidng kinh te on dint, ddi song ttidng doi
1 , '", " ' ""
1 "
d~ an, co n~ g~au (Ta~ Long~ Ta~ Ph£ng, Ngu Hi~p thu¥c tint Tien
Qi?-ng, ,An?hu Deng thu9c Huy~n Hoc Hon, TF.HCM ) ,
,,' ~,,{ - ,, ""
;' III. TONGKET : Nhung phan da trinh bay thuoc 7 vung sinh thai
, ', 'I"" At , ~ ,
co nhting net cd ban lien quan den mile phat trien vltdn nha nhti sau:
,11
1<" - h"'" - ""~,(
- Loai h~nh I : gom cac xa duac thien nhien Uu dai ve dat
J""'" ,(, "-'I "A """': ,
dai, nguon nudc Den kinh te phat trieu, cu9c song nhan dan,," kha
1 " ',' " " " ,
"gia, tai chinh ~ti th~aJho~c dong qan, nhung Dna co oc sang-t~ J
,"" "' " ,~" 7,
hcac co trinh ~2'van boa Qao , Loai h~nh'nay thudng g~p d cac
,," A . ',"1 '.1.""" .,(.,'" ,-
Dong daD ch~u khb t~m to~, h9c ho~ ve cac t~en °2 khoa hoc ~
" , ", "',},. ~.,(
thuat, 'nghe dai, d2c sach bao va cling dau t11'them ve n€,;~on von ,
,,' , '" " ". '" "I ' ," ,
phan bon, Gong lac dong Do do, cacmo hinh wdn uha Gang ntS.ay
, ,',(' ,., -'I,.,.
Gang phong phu, nang suat cang cao, ldi tUG dang kG, co luG nguon

, ,,~,.' "
thu nhap dong vai trochinh trong gia dint.
'
.
,. -", ,. ,(
- Loai hint 2 : gom cac xa co daD cu thua that, hoac dat
,( ,,-, "" ,.,. " ' ,
xau, dan chung nghec nan, van boa kern
'rrong loai hint nay
" "" ,. ,.( -'I , ,'" ,
thudng nongdan cant tac theo lei co truyen, tUG la khong sang t~o,
, , ,. ""1,( ", "
i~ dati tu~ it,(cham so~, anyh~n vdi m~nh ~at ~ua 5.:ng~a, <?~a ~~
de l~i. Vi the thu nh?-p thap, Dang suat kern va cu2c song co nmeu
kh~ khan.
'- "" fA' '" ,.,
GIO']: THIEU 1-10T SO HO HINH vUb'N NHA THEO CAG 'VUNG SINH
, ,'~' 1 '"
THAI VA HI1?1! QUAIITNH TE.
CHu'o1m6 :
, ,( ,
,A. VUNGD1\TPHEN ;
, " ,
1) Cae mo hint :
" , f", - ,.
(
, 7
)
No hint 1 :, Dat phen it,; xa ~m Duc tint Cltu Long,
Thi~n Tri, lVl;Dttc D~ng, 1m Thai Trung (tinh Ti'en Giang)

-
xc:.
b
"
a : Seng, rach, mudng ;
vudn nQa (n~a, w1n t~p
c ~ ru2ng lua .
" ". -'I'
b : Tram, bact daD trang ; b : Tho c11
hoac ChU;}T~n'!UaT1h
!,
~C
,
" .
,
°
,
' '<r~',~
,
,d"CnU
1
ng hec )
. ~AI!l(',(\"t"\:,if"'!(YO
,;!\It'!,j'J!\ji,:\.J:"!,i'
12~~~i22[iH9£.\
,
va
;
12.
~, ~

Cali truc: 8u sinh tang
.
~ - , , " "
-Tang A : >lOm : dua, cau, muu, tram, bact dan trang,tre.H
~ ., " A" , ~ ,
- Tang B : S-lOm: Budi, 10m chom;man,cam,quit~nhan,gon
h . A. ~
- Tang C : ~.Sm : chant, chuoi, mang cali ta
"'. ,""" , ,
- Tang D : 0-1m : khoai~, bo ngot, bac ha, dt, dua, cac
,., .
loai ran va co dai
. .
,.", A' ,, , .,
Mo hint 2 : Bat phen trung binh da dudc cai t~o, nay trd
, , - ,A "A Jl
thanh phen it (xa An Phu Dong, Hu~r~nHoc Hon, TP.HCM).
I
I
i
r
I
I
! I, I
II I
t Ii
i
~
F1
:\((, -~ ~

I . I.
j -tio'-;-,;::'j
c
b
" , '"
~ ,,"
a : Song, r~ch, muo'ng ; b : vudn nha va tho cu (nha, vudn t~p ho~c
,." , "' " ,
chuyen cant, ao ca, chuong heo,thung ong) ; c : ru2ng Ilia.
A
Cali
, ,,'"
true: 3u phah tang
~. "
- T~ng j;~ : > 10m: B~~h da~ tran~, eau~ dua,
- 'fang B : S-lOm: Nhan, man, ngau,bud1, mit
'10 " ,', A"" ,
-Tang C : l-Sm : Dau tam, tac, chuoi, ca phe" cacao, mia,
lhoai rni '.
'" ,: "\ " , ~ '"
- Tang D : a-1m : G~~g, rieng, lai, hue, ran IDa, ma de,mang
"., . -
tay ,co d~i
" '\
Ho hJ.nh 3
A ~ - A
Bat phen trung binh nhieu xa Ph~ Van Hai ( Huy~n
'\,
)
Binh Chant, TP.HC}'l.

,l3

a : Song, rach,
A .
chu;)ten canh, ao
,
vang.
<, A ~
Cali truc : S~ phan tang
-T~ng A : > lam: tach dan tr~ng,
~ A ~ .
Tang B : 5-lOm: Bao Inn hot, so
, T .
tram). '
, ~ ),. A_) 1
Tang C : 1-5m : Han
.
2: Cali xiem, mang cali ta., chanh, du du
.~ , A
chuoi, khoai mi, oi
10. " 7
-Tang D : a-1m: cae loai'rau, co d~i
A 1 . <
2) Hi¥u qua kinh te :
< '~1 " 1
. Vung dat phen it a vlldn t~p, lqi tuc thudng khoang X: 200
,A 1-
- 1.50ad, DL : 2- 6, vl1dn chuyen eanh khoang X : 1.200- 2.900d ,
. , ~" ""} ' ,
DL : 6- 8. Cac chuvudn ap dung Dhudng thuc V11.antaD phan Ian la

') A 1 ~.A A" '" , ~ "-'~
Vl. khong du dieu kien vat tu, phan bon, ky thu~t, von. 'l'uy thu
, "',
~ <
nh~ it, nhu'ng d11c/cthuiln l~ la thu ho9-ch trai dai suot nam.
, '<, '\ - t ,
. Vung dat phen trung b:wh da du1c cai t~o (fin Phil Dong)l~i
r ",,( ,. -:- ,
tue cao han cae vung datphen khac, X khoang 1.500- 3.500d, DL
1,4- 4.
, A
mudng ; b : tho cu va vltdn nha (nha, vltdn t~pho~c
,. . ', . " ,., ,
ca,c!:u.::mg heo) ; b : b~ch daTI trang, tram bong
, ,
tram, tre, true
- A
dua, tram bong vang (keo
. ,
la
,
" < ')} " -:-
. Vung dai:, phentrung. bJ.nh nhieu, l~ tucX :. 140- 370d
DL ~ 1,5- 2.
3) P~udng~hudn~ sJ dv-ng"va ~~i t~ £ : c~n ~h~ i h~ th~ng
l?iJt~di t~eu"xay dVh~ h~ ~hon~ bd vuJg, ~d t~l1a,~nga9
cho nude phen tu ndi khac troi den. Thiet lap cac h¥ thong
A ? A A '" ,', A "
bQng de chu dQng vi~c nude ra vao. Tang cliang bon phan kiem
,

?
thuy
"-
khoOif
,.r -
en
14.
'" , ,
Apatit, phosphorit, vel, tranh bonp';:3.nchua. Nen chon loai
} , . °
trong thich h1('p.
,
Tom1~ :
, ,.( " '" '" "" ?,
- Vung dat phen 1.t, nong dan thuo'ng trong : earn, b1to'i, dua
chu~i, l;m ch;m, cali
'", , ? ""
~ Vung dat phen trung b1.nhda dude cat tao, nong dan
} , , ' .
trong: lai, tac, ngau, rau ma, hu~
, " , ', "" ".(
- Vung dat phen trung binh, nong dan thltc!ng trong kat hgp cay
""", "",""'" - "" }
l~m nghi~p :.b~ch dan, tram, dua, dao 19n h9t, mang cali xiem,mang
"1' ", ,'" "", , -,
cali ta. Tat ca cae no'i neu co chao. nuoi them thi 10'i t11c se kha .
" ", ".c" 1 "," # 1
Tuy nhien o.en chu y cae yeu to ngoai cant, nhat la gia ca thi
,
0 .

trUo'ng.
. '
B. WNG BAT'PHU SA' Nul1c'NGOT
0-
'"
cay
,
thltdng
(Xa T;'n Phong, T~n Long, Ngu Hi~p,
An' Hliu., tint Ti'en Giang). .
,
1) Cae mo hint :
,'" '1" -
Mo h1.o.h 1 : Vltdn t~p' ho<:e chuyen cant
'0
c.
'" ' , "'"
a : Song, rach, m~dng (co ,nuoi tom heac khong)
b : Th~ eu ;a V11dn nha. (nha.? ao eel, ch~~ng heo, th~.ng ong va vltdn)
, " , , 1 ,
Vlto'nt~p : earn, chuoi, dua, xoai, buo'i, tieu, mit, chant, cacao,
filing evc
'
'" - ~ } '" "
Chu;"{encant : nhan, oi; earn, du'a, xa bo che, saurieng, lorn chorn,
ca ph~, xoa.i '~,
.15
-t ,
Cau
true:

" ~
- Tang A :
,
- Tang B :
,."
- Tang G
,."
- TangD
A~ ,
StJPham. tang: Vlidn
ti-P
,
10m: du'a,eau
, 1
5-10m:,':cwn, xoai, btio'i,
. . ';c
: J, 5m' ~~chuoi, cacao
., 1
: Q-lm ;cae 10~rau, co

ho~e ehuyen eanh.
,
tieu, mit, :mangeve
dai
.
, A " .,,' , ,.;. . .
Mo hinh2 : Chuyen eanh, hoae weln tap (vung ngap)
.' ~ .
b
c '

A '" ~'"
a : Song, rach, mudhg ; b : bach dan ; b : tho eti va Vlidn nha
, ," ., ,." ""
(nha, Vlieln, ao ea, ehuong heo) ;e : ru~mg 1ua.
A, A '"
Cau true :. SiJ phan tang
'" ,
- 'rangA: > 10m : Dtia, tre
,." , ,
- T~ng B : 5-1Om'~. B~eh dan, 5aO
- Tang C : 1-5m: Chanh
,." " ,
- Tang D : Cae 10ai rau, co di-i
A t -t "', '" 1 -t ,(
2) Hi'iu qua kinh te : StJ phan tich hiElu qua kinh te eho thay
,- ~." "
'"
vt1o'nti-P hay ehuyen eanh deu co lo'i. tue cao hdn 1ua. Binh quan
, ,, "
Vlidn t.ap co 10'1 tttc X : 200 -1.000d
, DL tap: 3 -8
'
.hay ehuyen
A "'" "" ~
canh :1.100- 4.700d, DL chuyen canh : 2-24. Nguon thu nhap coth~
A , , ,( .
tang them khi co ehan nuoi ea, tom, ong, oc
, t ,'7 , ," A A
3) Phtidng httdng stt dung va eai tao : Chu -:,rhe thong de bao,
" '" "" ~ ,', ,'_, ,'- A ,"

phong chong 1u, ngap ung trong mua mtta, mua nude lu. Xay du."ng he
,( '7 , . A ;j?<, ,,', A
thong thuy 10'1, dao kenh, mttdng de dan nude ng<;t tiio'i vao mua k,l(,.
, , Ao.A " ,( , '7, A '.;.;I 1.,"
Cae wdn nen l?p hit thong dong me! nap tlj. d~ng de Gnu' d~ng dll'tc
160
"'" " "" "
nguon va mvc nude. Chu y phan hUll cd ya d~, tttng giai do<fn.l' tUng
ndi.
, ,.A:,., A"',
Tom lai : Vung dat phu sa. nude ngot thuc vat trong va thl1c
" . " , .,; 0 -<. ,. " " '
vat hoang phong phu, da dangho'n: c!lc. Wong da t khac, nong dan th'lio'ng
'", , 1 , "" ~ " " '"
tr5?ng : earn, quit" ~udi, nhan,k ta~, .~a bo ch6, oi",lo~ cham, san
rieng (nhung phai chon giong), kat hQ'pchan nuoi d -tang ldi
, . . ,. .
tue. -'
C. WNG DAT NAN : Xa Ti:u C~n (tinh Cdu Long), xa Vinh HUll , B~ng
"" 1 '" .
Sdn, Tan Dong (tinh Tien Giang).
1) 11; hinh : vrjdn t~p ho~c chu;r~n canh
b
<-
. \,
A '" ".' ,," , A
a : Song, r~ch, mudng ; b : tho eu va vlto'n nha (nha, ao ca,chuong
,
heo, vudn) ; c : ru9ng lua.
, : 1 N' '" "

Vudn t{jtP : dlia, chuoi, du du, mang ca.u'f~~em.
A 1"
(ehuy~n canh) : dlia, buo'i Jc quit, long nhan
(chuyen cant) : sdri, chuoi

-<, "'"
Cali true : S~ phan tang
~ ,
T~ng ii :. > 10m : Du~, cali
- Tang B : 5-10m : BUdi
h . " 1
- Tang C : 1-5m :. mia, du du, sdri
'" 1
- Tang D : 0-1m. : ran, co d~i
"7 ".(" ",.(?<
2) HiE;Juqua kinh te: Vlfdn.:t~p tuy l;'i. tuc thap, nhu'-ng van hdn
,
~ .""".( , ~
lua) lap, Dr: : l-A 1,30. Vudn chu.)Ten canh neu driJ:/c cham soc, dau."".
" " ') "" ' - ,.
tu ve nguon van, phan bon thi 1di t'ttc cung kha aao :. X: 150o-4000d
.01 : 1,4- 7(tr1.t mia X :1~d do gia c~ thu mila K~m,dt.~ co 111 t~~
'" A '" l l-
X : 350- 400d nhttng nong dan khong don la do : muon giu lai
A 1"" . - ' l '" ,.
nifjITl cua eng ba, cha m@, ho'n nu'a llli it ten cong cham so c) .
'" ", -"" "A
chan nuoi t'Uj""co .kho khan, nhung. Cling dong gap dangke.
,
1 '1 ,., '" , '"

3) ~udnfl.J~l!d?g s~ dl}I}gva cai t?£ ~ Chu y ~~c dap d~ ngan~~n
trong mua kho, va viec rlta man treng mua mua, xay. dt "'ni?he thenG
" ,"'" ,-, "" l~~"""-
t1.frii nude treng mua kho, chu y ludng Dhan bon, nhatla phan httucd,
A A A 1 ~ " ~ ~ ? '" ,
rieng phan YO co' phai can th~m .(tuy d~ ~n cua Qat ma bon cho
thiGh h;1P)c
, l , ') '" " , ~
A ~~!.: Vu?g dat ~~n it trun~ b:Ln~~non~ dan~thu~g trong
mot se cay nhu : Qua, chuoi, long nhan, bu9'i, mang cali xiem,sdri
~ ", "'" ";), '"
Ngoai ra can treng them dlia nu?c, blip tra, b~nh bat Coon nuei:
" A "'.~. -, ,"
t~;r k,{lo khan Va thl'-t ph~, nguen nude, nhltng cung.giup ich cho
g~a d~nh, .
D" VU1TG.DllT PHE~il".lJiN;: X:a Blnh Khanh (H.Duy~n H~i), f hltCtng 16 ~
"'. -" , , 11
Qu~n 5, 'I'P.HC1\, xa Tan'Fhu (T.Tien Giang) xa PhudcHltng (Tinh Cttu
Leng)
.
A ,
1) lVieh~nh : Vltdn t~p
.:7
?
~~
Ve
q~~
M /\7~
j
b

.1 I
I j
~ t
I I
.;/~f;~-/~- t
I t; "
c. / // 1
'"
2) Ivlo hint 2 :

Chuyen cant
'~8-
'", ,;J " '
(
"
,
a : Song, r~ch~ mudng ;b :, tho",cu,va wdn nha nL'l, vddn, ao, ca;"
thung ong, chuong heo );c, :; :l"1i9ngl\la.
, "," ,,' ,:; ', ,,',
V1.J.'t:Jntap: dua., bact dan, ma,tre, true
' , ~', ,.;-" ",1U;"" ", , "",
(chuyen canh) : Dt.ta,~man~can xiem, tl1ap' binh bat, dao l~m h~t ,
, xa 00' cha , .
r, '" '" ,"
Can truc : Sl} phan',tang(V1idntq.p)
~ " ,;
Tang A : > 10m : Dua.'~.
~ ,
- Tang B : 1-5m : Bach daD
~ 'ir 7 .

- Tang D : 0-1m : cac 10~i ran, co d~~
;<, " "
Can truc : StJ phan tang (chuyen canh)
~ ,
- Tang-A:> 10m : Dua '
'" , " A
Tang B : 5-lOm : Bao 10n h9t
'" .""", '"1' "',"'"
- Tang C : 1-5m : lvlang can xiem (thap b~nh bat) ,xa bo c:,.e,
t
~ '. . " . 7. chuci. <.
- TangD . 0-1m . vaGlo~~fa~" co d~
'" 7 r', ',' " r " '"
2) Hieu qua kinh te : wdn t~p'co,l;ti tuc thaphdn Vtlo'n ~huyen
'" )" " , ,
~anh, kh~ng ~an d~u tu n¥-e~ v~ lqi ~1ic thu <;ug'c5luanh"nam~c 1u
it, so vai lua thi ltfi tuc X gap 5 lan, so voo. ~ong lua nuoi tom
" ( 1., , " t , '" ~ -
thi gap 1,5 lan. Ngoai. ra, mot so wan con nuoi tom dam l~i 100.
, " " ., r" " , ~
tuc kha. Vrldn chuyan cant thiGh h1P. nhat la hint bat thap mangcan
'" -1., *;<: ,'"
xiem (X : 1. 74Jd) hoac trong san kat h1P vai nuei ca, hee, eng
thl 111 tdc se cae hdn. ' .
)
,? 7 , ," , t
, J "PhUdng hu~g sti dl}n~ va cai ~tl.£ ; Chu '~lcon~ taG ,thUY 19'i ,
dap d~p, ngan nude ~n, xay d~ng ~ thong bcfm, tttai nude ng9t .
'" '" "'" , (,
Tang ctidng phan bonnhlt : d~, ~1.J.""uca, lan, phan vei (nhat la Apa-

tit, phospheric).
, '",.t,' "A"",
Tom lai : Vung dat phen man, Dong daD thuang trong : du'a ,
,'- , ,.""" "'"
tach dan, me, tre, true, mang can xiem thap binh bat, xa be che ,
,. ,1., A "" '" , ,
dt ~ trong do trong chuyen cant man~ can xiem th~ hint ~t,c~o
19i ttic ca£ (Xt:, 1.200 1. 700d),. ~en(X : 1.600d) k~t h:Jp nuci ca,
hec ~ hi~u qua cae hem DL : - Lua : 0,6-1,2 ~VdrJnt~p : 7- 7,5;
chuyen cant : 1,4- 19.
A 1., , -" , "'"
E. DATGIONGCAT: x['. Tan Thanh, Tan Tay (T.'rien Giang) ,xaLong
," r c', 7 7
Hoa (H. Duyen Hai), xa Hieu Tti ' (or. C1.J."u.Long).
" , " "
1) No mnh 1 : vuo'n ttlP ho~c chuyen canh
.',
-
, ,)
/
I
I lll~
~r
:~~i:
~~~
tr~
b
, I
I
c

'" ,;, ,
a : Song, rach, mucfng jb: Tho crt va Vlio'nnha (o.ha, wo'n, 00 ca ,
~ .;< ,
chuang bee, gieng) ; c : ruong Ilia.
, ~ ,,-
- \JUdn tap: tre," truc, nhan, mang cali ta, vu sua, so'ri, chanh >
" ~ ""
d1ia., me, chuoi, daD l?n h9t .
(
, ' )"
chuyen canhJ : Tao, nhan, mang cali ta
~, ~
Cali true: Su phan tang (~ddn tap)
. 0
~ ,
-, Tang ~~ ~ ) :Cm : Dua, tre, true "
~ ,- ',
- T~?g B : 5-,lOm ; I'ie"",vu s11a, d~ 19n)o.h~t, nhan (tren 10 Dam)
TangC ~ 1-5m : Chuoi, sari, mang Cali ta
, ". '". ~ , ,
- Tang D : 0-1m :" ca chua, dt., bap, khoai lang, thuoc la, cae
lo§.i rau, co d~:i.
~ ,. )" "'-
Cali truc': Su pban tang (chu;)ren 'canh)
. "
- T~ng ~,~ : 5-'lOm : Nhan (tr;n la" Dam) "
'" , , '"
- Tang C : 1-5m : Too, mang cau ta, nhan '(dun 10 Dam)
A ", ". "
- Tang D : 0-1m :"cac 'loai rau, co dai "'

.
" ~ ' '," , ,.:
2) Hieuqua kinh te : Vlio'n tap cac loal. tre, truc, nhan, chanh
dlta
:-ifi titc X : 200- 750d. Vtt~ ehuy;n canh : taD, mang c~u
, - , "
ta, nhan, ldi tltc X khoang1.000- 2.000d, DL: 2- 7. Ngoai ra mot
,c "" " .
so ndi con trong ea chua (X : 1.240d); ,
)
" ," '" " ~ "
,3 P~ua'n~ th~c ~u dvng va).,cai t<2-£: can ehu y ~Ej tho~g t~uylcft
tlt"di nude tot'de dam baa nguon nude ng2t. Tang eudn€, phan bon ,
;0( '\. "' , , A
nha t la phan hlt"'u:cd, cae loai phan hoa h()e nhu : ure, NPK deli
~ A"" ' " , i")" ~
tot, nhlt"'ng can bon it, bon sau va bon nhieu Ian. "
, ~ "', " A c'"
,.Tom .~~! ! Vu~gd~t ~iong e~t do"mtde ~hoat [lhanh, n~n tc:.ci'
hrlr. cae cav than
g
O
,
re sau nonv daD thuo'n r tran
g
' .: nhan
,
,., y
~.t' ,., , , '" "'" , ~,~
cali ta, tao, tre, true va cae lo~i ea chua, khoai lan,g, oop, t '.1,;~'

20.
la, hanh,
A: " ~
so ho van
"
gilldinh.
, A: A .; _A '" ' A
Fo VUNGDl!T XAM TREN PHU SA CO : xa Tan An Hoi, Phu' Hoa Dong
(H. C~ Chi), xa Th~nhHUng(T. LongAn). .
, '" "
1) Cae mo hI-nh: ~,
A " ' ~~
lV;:OhI-nh 1: ~;;\
Vttdn",t~p holie -*f'~t~
ehuyen eanh(ndi d~a I'
hint eao) 1
I
l' ~"" A
toi. Ngoai ra trong dieu ki' 'I nude kho khan, nhl1ngmot
A, , -" , ~ A ~
chap Quai : bo, heo, ca cling gop phan thu nh~p eho
I
"I'.
b : th~ ett va vu~n nha (nh~, w,Cln, chu~ng heo, gi~ng nlMe)
",.;" ""
- Vlidn tap: Hit, man, oi, dtta~:.'Cau., lcmg.tntte (co tieu)
,,<0 (' .A " ,",' A A:
(c~uyen ,cant) : Dao 12° h9t .(co di "a hC)~G k!Jong), tieu (n9~ song:
long mttc, so do thuyen, caQcs~~'~.; P.Qc chet ; nQe g~ch xay).
A: 'A ,'},.,',' ,""'~'~-'J' A

Cau truc : Stt phan t~ng (Vi!6'n?tap"hoac chu;>ren canh) :
T~ng A: >.lOm: cau,'dtta:':.',,".~
,
~ """A"";c,,,'"
- T~ng B : 5-10m : ~ong.mu'c.t m~n,"ffiit, tieu
- Tang C : 1-5m : oi
~ . , 1
- Tang D : 0-1m : cac loai ran, co dai
. . .
A , , ,.A:-
Ho hint 2 : Vttdn t?p (d~a hinh thap)
000" . , ' ,
:l :o)Q ,c0Lt?: :
%
17 ;" /' I Ie;; ¥'
- I ' :' ~ I' I ~
. . ,- =::" ,II," IIII ' I .I{
t, ,- I
b
e'
. r I GA.:.
! ' ' ,,'
A. "" '" , ,
a : Song, rife!:, ml1dng ; b ; ths: ctt ~a vttdn. nha, (nha, vl1dn, ao ea,
ho~c san, chuong heo) ; c : ruQng lua.
,(, A" ,(
Call true: S\Lphan tang (d~a hinh thap)
~ ~
- Tang B : 5-10m : tram
/

b
.21
, , '" '" ,(
- Tang C : l-Sm : Hang cau xiem, chanh, chuoi
" 7
- Tang D : 0-1m. : Rau" hanh, ngo, co d~i
,. 7 ,(,()o, , -' ,
2) ~~u q'!ra kinh te,: Neu ~rong san, tP- tltc X_: 99qd, DL: 8,7
(d~a hJ.nh thap). No'i ;co, d~a hinh cao (Vlicfn t~p), X khoang : 197-
, ., ~""
" ,~, ,.
1.,234.:!,(du VlitJn~p .nh1 "ng.1'!i 'Wc~van c~o h~ 1ua) )'l';:ong c~en
canh X : 2.2000, DL : 0, 75, d~a hinh thap treng chuyen canh, X :
366d, DL : 8 - 10,,6. ,
"'-7', ,7'" ,) ,.
, ~) l'h~g, htL'o'n§.5,ltdyng v: 'cai ,t~ ~ N~, ~~ hJ.nhAcao ~an c~u
~,.cpn~ tac d~o gien~!. :cunt;;~ap r:ltdc, ';J~ d~ahin~ thap ph~ ~p
cac bet boo de' ngan 1'1.1.Do dat xam thuoc lo-gj. ngheo dinh dltdng Den
, r, "", - A ", ',', :,' .', ',)0, ,.
~ng xttdng b~n them phan d~, phan ran,,' ~goa;i ra con 1;rong them
cac cay h9 d~u (Fabacene). " ',', .
, ,,(, "" '~A ""., ', '
Tom 1ai,: Vung dat xam tren phu f?a cQ nong din thltdng trong
,
' °- "',. 7' , ,
d
,
OO1on hot, t:i:eu,~mit, cau (d d;i.a hinh
,
cae

,
)
,,
' trant, sen
,
' m
,
an
,
g
,
)0, 'A. , .< A." ,7.","
',c'au xiem (~a hi,nh ,thap). Vung dat cC!-6t~ttdng;chi chan~nuoi heo,
, ,(, ~" " ' i. ,,',' A" ' "
no'i dia hinh thalY co the Quai heo,- ca de' tang t.hu nh~ ,~rihUngnuoi
c' '. ~, ~,
,,( ':' ,-::' ., ", c,
C'll 'phaJ. clap bd cao de tranh that thoat.' , "
, ,(,' ., '7" c'
,'- G. WNG BAT NUl,: xa An Hac (tinh An Giang)
, , " "" '
1) No hinh: Vltdn tap hoac chuyen canh "
~~~
" -
b
,
'-,"
J"
"'j,:
, .

'" ~ ",
, a : Ray (khoai mi) jb : 'rho. cu va vltdn aha (nha, VLto'n,chuong!teo)
, , ", , A ,
- VUdntap: vu sua, xoai, dtia,. mit, mang cau ta, oi
(chu;r~~canh) : M{t, d~ l~n hQt, mang c'au taj mae',llila .~.
"J .,: ',r~,:,'"
.(,' ",
Cau true ~ S,,!- phan tang ~ 'c'

Tang A: > 10m: Dlta

"
j.)
22.
'" , , , '"
Tang B : 5-10m : xoai, mit, vu s$, ro.ac ntta, dao 19n h9t
"'. ' ') "
- Tang C : 1-5m : Khoai mJ., mang can ta
'" " 7
- .TangD : 0-1m : Cae 10~:i.ran, co d~i.
"-""~:7 ,( ,,: '"",
2) Hieu qua nnh te : Vd::Jntap 1'.:1i tlfc X : 88 -5Sod (mdc do
coo haythap tuy 10~i c~y tr~ng) DL.: ,0,43-12" Chuy~ncanh ,i11
tlic X : 450- 6o0d , D1 : 8- 20.
,7 7 "" ".!,
, 3) Ph\ia'ng h\ia'ng s\i d~ng va cai t~£ : Do day la 10~i dat xam ,
, """"""" A, 7
nQheo dJ.nh dda'ng ~ thieu n\ir:fc nen can chu :'/' : lam cong tac thuy l1i
~ ~ '" , , "" 7 ""
lau dai, khaithQng nguon mta'c, daD them kenh, cai t~o mta'c ngam,

'" , "", "", ""
xay ho tr\i n\idc tronQ mua mt."'a. Nen trong them cae 10ai ca\" phan
".! , ~ - 7 "'!".!)\, Yo. ""
xanh, ket hiP bon phan hltu cd, a' nht."ng na'i da t doc gay trong them

rUng: tram, b~ch dan" keD tai t\i1ng. eo
,
, ,(, ~ , , Ii ,
" ~oT 1~~ : V,;ng dat n~i t~eu ~u'a'c~ d~i d02, ~p~ 'mon, rua '"
trait phan la'n thichhrln ca:r than go, re sau. Nong dan thudngtrong
""" V , 7 " "". ,
a' chao nui, ven s\ia'n nui cae cav
.
an qua nh\i : dao 19n hot, mit ,
, '." ;<" ",,( ",
dlia, d\ia, xoai, ngoai ra con ket h11:>va'i mot so. cay: tram, bach
, ~ , ,'" '7, ' ,,' '" , A
daTI ':" De ~1i t~c kha can ~hai ,dau ,td them ngu~n p~a~ bo~ ' co~g
lao d9ng, ky thuat. Chao nuoi co kho khan nen mot so, it he nuoi
A '7 . '
de sinh ho~t gia dinh 18. chu yen. .
7,,( 7, '))" ""
Nhin chung a 7 vung dat da khao sat thi trong chuyen .
, , 7'" '"
cgo ldi t\ic cao han man tan
,
nhwQ phai dau td nhieu hdn ve
",.o, " o1i:: Ii"" 7 7,
v~n, nguon ~oo d9n~, ky thu~t ma kh~ng phai zhu ~ n~o
cung d\i1c va lam den dua'c trong khi vu'dn tap khong phai dau

, " 1 ~ ," ),," ",( '1
nhieu. Bac biet la a mien Nam Viet Nam can chu y den gia ea
~. ,' ' A ~- . - - ~.
tr\idng tUng giai do~n, t\ing thdi diem.,
canh
""
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thu9c vao nhie~ yen to, nht."ng co'3 yen to
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y nhat : dat dai, von, nguon lao d9ng.

IT .HCHlien quan
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san da;y luon du'1c

tuy
CUll