Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (10 trang)

BÀI GIẢNG HỆ CHUYÊN GIA - ĐẠI HỌC HÀNG HẢI - 7 ppsx

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (513.21 KB, 10 trang )

57

t(x, y) = xy
 :
1. Giao hoán 
 :
Hàm s :
)z),y,x(s(s))y,x(s,x(s 







xyzzx yz xy z y x z) y), (x,(ss
xyzzx yz xy z y x z)) s(y, (x,s

Hàm t :


+





x ),x(s
),x(s
0
11


;





00
1
),x(
x ),x(
t
t

- 
],[],[:n)x((n)x(
A
A
1010 


Hàm negation :
1.





01
10
)(n

)(n

2. n(n(x)) = x




n(y)
Ví dụ : hàm 1  x

-  
1. s (x, t (y, z)) = t (s (x, y), s (x, z))
2. t (x, s (y, z)) = s (t (x, y), t (x, z))
3. n ( s (x, y)) = t (n (x), n (y))
4. n ( t (x, y)) = s (n (x), n (y))

6.4 :
-  :
If X
1
= v
1
và X
2
= v
2
và và X
n
= v
n

then Y = v
+ v
i

-  :
If

1
11
U
A
~
X 


2
22
U
A
~
X 
và và

n
U
nn
A
~
X 
then


V
B
~
Y 


- Logic 

A

B
U = {x
1
, x
n

V = {y
1
, y
n

-   

A

58


X = ( 

1
*
,

2
*
, , 
n
*
)
Y = ( 
1
B
,

2
B
,
, , 
n
B
)

i
A
= 
A
(x
i
)


j
B

B
(y
j
)

If X = x
1
then Y = y
1

11


If X = x
2
then Y = y
m

1m


If X = x
n
then Y = y
1


n1


If X = x
n
then Y = y
m

nm






Ví dụ :

-  : 
ij
= s (n (
i
A

, 
j
B

))
- 
If x = V then Y = U


 y
1
y
2
y
m
x
1

11

12



1m
x
2

21

22



2m

x
n


n1

n2



nm


-  :

ij
= 
i
A

. 
j
B


ij
= min (
i
A

, 
j
B


)

- 
If X = A

Y = B then Z = C
R
C/A, B
= R
C/A


R
C/B

If X = A If Y = B
then Z = C then Z = C

R
C/A
R
C/B

- 
ijR
= min (
iR
, 
jR

)
59


Ví dụ : Xét 
A = (0.1, 0.3, 0.6)
B = (0.1, 0.3, 0.2)
(Min)
0.1
0.1
0.1
(Product)
0.07
0.03
0.02
(
)
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.03
0.06
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6

0.3
0.2
0.42
0.18
0.12
0.7
0.4
0.4

-  
If x
1
=

1
1
U
A




2
2
U
A







n
U
n
A
then

V
BY 


1
U
n
và V :

1
x U
2
x x U
n
x V
If X = A then Y = B
R
B/A


],[VxU:
A/B

10



],[)v,u(
A/B
10






],[U:
A
10



],[)u(
A
10





],[V:
B
10




],[)v(
B
10



A/B


A

B
)





BA


Chú ý :
)y,x(smax


)y,x(tmin


 1 – x n (x)
(kéo theo)
),(max
BA

 1





1
, r
2
, , r
m
}
r
i
: left
i

i

r
i
:
B
~
YA

~
X A
~
XA
~
X
nn

2211




}C
~
U, ,C
~
U,C
~
U{
ll

2211

60


 =
}D
~

V, ,D
~
V,D
~
V{
kk

2211



k21
DDD
, ,, 
?

i
D


), ,,;, ,,(
GT
R
lm
eeerrr
    

2121

- Procedure SD ( R : set of rules ;

GT, KL : set of facts ;
var KQ : Boolen ;
vet : set of rules
)
- GT KL


B
~
YA
~
X A
~
XA
~
X
nn

2211


nn
A
~
X A
~
XA
~
X








2211



), ,,(FBY
n
AArB





1

- Xét :

B
~
YthenA
~
XIf 


A

~
X





B
~
Y




AA/B
R





B




















nmnn
m
m
n




), ,,(




21
22221
11211
21



A
~

1
, x
2
, , x
n
}

B
~

1
, y
2
, , y
n
}

)x(
iAi













n
k
kjkjBj
y
1
.)(




)),((minmax
kjk




ii
B
~
YthenA
~
XIf 

A/BAB
R





61


A
~
X





B
~
Y




  
 )R(max
ii
A/BAB







 
hay không ?
+ Heuristic (TTNT)
+ GT di truyền.

B
~
YthenA
~
X A
~
XA
~
XIf
nn

2211


nn
A
~
X A
~
XA
~
X








2211


B
~
Y




n
n
A, ,A/B
~
AAAB
R), ,,(
1
21








B
~
YthenA
~
XIf
ii



i
A
~
X





n
i
i
B
~
B
~
Y;B
~
Y
1









B
~
YthenA
~
XA
~
XIf 
2211


A
~
X






n
i
i
B

~
B
~
Y;B
~
Y
1







 
 
  
 AND :


OR :


 



Ví dụ :

1. If X = A

1
then Y = B
1
2. If X = A
2
then Y = B
2
3. If X = B
3
then Z = C
3
4. If X = B
4
then Z = C
4
62

5. If X = A
5
then Z = C
5
6. If X = A
6
then Y = B
1
7. If X = A
1


Y = B

6
then Z = C
7




 : W = {+, }


11
A/B
M

a
B
22
A/B
M

a
b
44
B/C
M

a
b
(0.6 ; 0.2 ; 0.1)
1

0.6
0.5
1
0.7
0.8
a
0.6
0.7

2
0.3
0.9
2
0.4
0.3
b
0.8
0.5

3
0.2
0.1
3
0.3
0.6















33
B/C
M



55
A/C
M

a
b



(0.6 ; 0.6)
a
0.2
0.3
1
0.1

0.2




b
0.9
0.7
2
0.3
0.4







3
0.9
0.3




 :
X Y Z (DAG)
`

x = A

0
= (0.6, 0.2, 0.1)

 :
0
02
01
B 0.6) (0.6, Y
0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -
0.5) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -







0
04
03
C 0.6) (0.6,
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -






Z


0.2) (0.2, Z)A ,(r MP -
01


max

Z = (0.6, 0.6)

*)
1
001
B 0.5) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP - 

0.6) (0.6,
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
0.5) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
1
04
1
03







2
002

B 0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP - 

0.6) (0.6,
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
2
04
2
03







63

0.6) (0.6, Z 0.2) (0.2, )A ,(r MP -
05



Chứng minh :



1. 
2.  norm :



t  conorm :


n(.) : not



 

 có trong TLTK


4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
Bài tập chương 6:



64

Đề cương ôn tập

1. 
2. 
3. 
4.  
5. 

6. 
65

Đề thi tham khảo:

Đề 1:

Câu 1 (3 đ):
ên gia là gì?

Câu 2 (4 đ): 
r1: a ^ b -> c r5: c ^ d -> e
r2: b -> c r6: a ^ e -> f
r3: b ^ h -> d r7: e ^ f -> m
r4: a ^ c -> d



Câu 3 (3 đ)
0) và B = (0, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4),
 .

Đề 2:

Câu 1 (3 đ):
Trong c
V

Câu 2 (4 đ): 
r1: b ^ c -> a r5: a ^ d -> e

r2: b -> a r6: a ^ e -> k
r3: a ^ h -> d r7: k ^ e -> x
r4: a ^ c -> d
, c
b, c}, KL = {x

66

Câu 3 (3 đ)
Cho lu
- min.

Đề 3:

Câu 1 (3 đ)



Câu 2 (4 đ)
                
T
M
D






Câu 3 (3 đ)








1. H
2. C
3. C
4. S

×