TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH NÔNG NGHIỆP – PHẦN 7 doc

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2. We have decided to plant the flowers in pots.
3. They intend to change the plan for the farm.
4. The farmer remembers being taught the technique to improve unhealthy soils.
5. They should take advantages of wild energy to make electricity.
B. Combine the following pairs to make a sentence expressing purpose.
1. Please, shut the gate. I don‟t want the horses get out of the field.
2. Artificial fertilizers need to be soluble compounds. Plants can absorb the nutrients.
3. You should plant a diverse range of species. No one pest can attack all the trees.
4. He tries to design a good ecosystem for his gaeden. He wants the new species of plants to
grow well there.
5. The government has forbidden purchasing or using products from wild animals. They
wanted the wild animals to be fully protected.
C. Combine the following pairs to make a new complex sentence, using the conjunctions you
have learnt before.
1. The water table rises towards the surface. Naturally occurring salts are dissolved and
concentrated in the upper soil layer.
2. Mulches are made from organic materials, such as hay, grass clippings, straw… . They
will gradually add to the soil organic matter and nutrient bank. The mulches break down.
3. The light was absorbed. It is radiated back into the atmosphere as heat energy or turned
into chemical energy by green plants. They photosynthesis.
4. The green manure crop can be slashed two or three times. It is growing and then chopped
into the soil. It flowers and seeds.
5. You may feel it is not ethical to eat red meat because of the environmental cost of feeding
most of the world's grain to beef and pigs. Many people are starving; or you may be
concerned about land degradation occurring through removal of forests of grazing land.
6. The people live in simple houses, built with mudbricks or recycled timbers and use solar
and wind-powered electricity. The forests here are being conserved very well.
7. The community is largely self-supporting in term of water, power and food. The people

do not need large incomes and can effort not to turn the land into a full-scale farm.
8. Plants and crops die. They are unable to tolerate the high salt levels.
9. Many desert regions and arid zones have been sensitively managed by people who
travelled around their lands. They hunted or tended their animals.
10. The community was allowed to have a multiple occupancy title to their land. The local
government office declared that the land was useless for conventional agriculture.


















115


I. New vocabulary:
abort (v) : sỏứy
thai

abortion (n) : sổỷ
sỏứy thai
absorb (v) : hỏỳp
thu
acceptability (n) : khaớ nng
chỏỳp nhỏỷn
account for (v) : chióỳm tố
lóỷ, giaới trờ
achieve (v) : õaỷt
õổồỹc thaỡnh quaớ
acidity (n) : a-xờt
adapt (v) : thờch
nghi
aerate (v) : laỡm
thọng khờ
affect (v) : aớnh hổồớng
alkali (adj.) : kióửm
alley (n) : ngoợ heợm,
lọỳi õi coù trọửng cỏy
allocation (n) : sổỷ chố
õởnh
amenable (adj.) : chởu õổồỹc
anchorage (n) : baùm chỷt,
giổợ chỷt
annual (adj.) : haỡng nm,
bỗnh quỏn nm
aphids (n) : róỷp vổỡng
aquaculture (n) : nuọi trọửng
thuyớ saớn
arid (adj.) : khọ

cũn, vọ vở
arthropods (n) : õọỹng vỏỷt
chỏn õọỳt
aspect (n) : mỷt, bỗnh
dióỷn
attempt (n) : dổỷ
õởnh, yù õọử
auger (n) : caùi
khoan
backbone (n) : xổồng sọỳng
balance (n) (v) : sổỷ cỏn
bũng, cỏn õọỳi
beetle (n) : boỹ
caùnh cổùng
benefit (n) : lồỹi
nhuỏỷn
beyond (pre.) : vổồỹt
landscape (n) : caớnh quan,
phong caớnh
larva (n) :
ỏỳu truỡng
laterite (n) :
õaù ong
layer (n) :
tỏửng, lồùp
leach (v) (n) : loỹc
qua
levee (n) :
con õó
lime (n) :

vọi
limestone (n) : õaù
vọi
livestock (n) : chn
nuọi
living organism (n) : sinh vỏỷt
sọỳng
loose (n) : õỏỳt xọỳp,
móửm, khọng chỷt
maintain (v) :
duy trỗ
mammal (n) : õọỹng
vỏỷt coù vuù
marginal land (n) : õỏỳt ven
bồỡ
mature (adj.) :
trổồớng thaỡnh
maturity (n) :
trổồớng thaỡnh
measure (n) (v) : giồùi haỷn,
tióu chuỏứn ; õo
mechanization (n) : cồ giồùi
hoaù
merger (n) : sổỷ hồỹp
nhỏỳt
metamorphosis (n) : sổỷ bióỳn
hỗnh
methodology (n) : hóỷ phổồng
phaùp
microscopic (adj.) : rỏỳt nhoớ

miracle (n) : õióửu
thaỡnh dióỷu
model (n) : mỏựu,
mọ hỗnh
moderate (v) :
õióửu hoaỡ


116
quạ, phêa bãn kia
biocide (n) : thúc
trỉì sáu
blood sample (n) : máùu mạu
boundary (n) : ranh giåïi
breakdown (n) : rỉû tan r,
tháút bải
brucellosis(n) :bãûnh sáøy thai
truưn nhiãùm
calves (n) : bã con
carry out (v) : tiãún hnh,
âang thỉûc hiãûn
cash crop (n) : näng sn
hng hoạ
catalyst (n) : cháút xục
tạc
catchmen (n) : lỉu vỉûc säng,
sỉû dáùn nỉåïc
cease (v) : dỉìng,
ngỉìng (hoảt âäüng)
characteristic (n) : tênh cháút

âàûc trỉng
claim (v) : cäng
bäú, cho ràòng
cleans (v) : lm
sảch
cleanse (v) : lm
trong sảch
clipping (n) : càõt ra
coarse (adj.) : thä,
låïn
colapse (v) : sủp âäù

colostrum (n) : sỉỵa non
combine (v) : kãút håüp,
näúi lải våïi nhau
compact (adj.) : âàûc, dy,
ràõn chàõc
components (n) : håüp cháút,
thnh pháưn
compound (n) : håüp cháút,
phán tỉí
concentration (n) : sỉû táûp
trung
concept (n) : khại
niãûm
confirm (v) : khàóng
âënh lải
conglomerates (n) : khäúi liãn
kãút
coniferous (adj.) : loi

tng bạch
modify (v) : lm thay
âäøi, biãún âäøi
moisture (n) : håi
nỉåïc, håi áøm
monoculture (n) : âäüc
canh
monsoon (n) : giọ
ma
moonscape (n) : cnh
cung tràng
mulch (n) : âäư
che ph
mulch (v) : ph
bäøi, che âáûy
muscle (muscule) (n) :cå bàõp
mussels (n) : con
vẻm, s
nitrate (n) :
nitårat
nitrogen supply (n) : sỉû cung
cáúp âảm
nutrient (n) :
cháút dinh dỉåỵng
nymph (n) : con
nhäüng
occupancy (n) : sỉû cỉ
ngủ, chiãúm hỉỵu
oral dosing (n) : cho
úng thúc

organic matter (n) : cháút
hỉíu cå
organism (n) : sinh
váût, cå thãø
outset (n) :
ngay tỉì âáưu
overproduction (n) : sn xút
thỉìa
paddy (n) : rüng
lụa
palatable (adj.) : ngon, lm
dãù chëu
particle (n) : hảt
nh, máùu
peat soil (n) : âáút
than bn
penetrate (v) : tháúm
qua, xun qua
percolation (n) : sỉû tháúm
qua (nỉåïc)
perennial (n)(adj) : cáy láu
nàm, vénh viãùn
period (n) : khong thåìi


117
conservation forest(n) : rổỡng
baớo tọửn
conservely (adv.) : ngổồỹc laỷi

consult (v) : xin
lồỡi khuyón cuớa ai
consumer (n) : ngổồỡi
tióu duỡng
consumerism (n) : baớo vóỷ
quyóửn lồỹi n.t.duỡng
contamination (n) : sổỷ nhióựm
bóỷnh
contract (v) : cỏỳp giỏỳy
pheùp, chổùng nhỏỷn
conventional (adj.) : tỏỷp tuỷc,
lóỷ thoùi
cotton boll (n) : quaớ
bọng, quaớ nang
crayfish (n) : con
tọm
create (v) : taỷo
ra, sing ra
creek (n) : laỷch
nổồùc, sọng con
criticism (n) : sổỷ
phó bỗnh, chố trờch
crop rotation (n) : luỏn canh
cỏy trọửng
crust (n) :
cuỷc, taớng
cultivate (v) : caỡy
cỏỳy, nuọi trọửng
cure (v) :
chổợa trở bóỷnh

cycle (n) : quay voỡng, laỡm
chuyóứn bióỳn
cyclone(n) : vung gioù xoaùy,
vuỡng aùp thỏỳp
dairy cattle (n) : boỡ
sổợa
decay (n) (v) : sổỷ suy taỡn,
phỏn huyớ, muỷc
deciduous beech : cỏy sọửi
ruỷng laù sồùm
decomposition (n): sổỷ phỏn huyớ,
thọỳi rổợa
decrease (v) : giaớm
xuọỳng
depletion (n) : haỷn
chóỳ vóử sọỳ lổồỹng
deposite (v) : lừng
õọỹng
gian, thồỡi kyỡ
peripheral species (n): giọỳng
ngoaỡi vuỡng
pest (n) : sỏu
haỷi
pesticides (n) : thuọỳc
trổỡ sỏu
pierce (v) : choỹc
thuớng, khoeùt lọự
placenta (placentae) : nhau
thai
plain (adj.) :

thuỏửn
plain (n) : õọửng bũng
plough (v) : caỡy,
xồùi
policy (n) : chờnh saùch
polyculture (n) : õa can
pond (n) : ao,
họử
pore (n) : lọự
khờ ồớ laù cỏy
predominant (adj.) : chióỳm ổu
thóỳ
preferable (adj.) : thờch
nhỏỳt
pregnant (n) : õang mang
thai
presence (n) : sổỷ hióỷn
dióỷn, coù mỷt
preserve (v) : duy trỗ, õóứ
daỡnh, õỷt trổồùc
pressure (n) : aùp
suỏỳt, aùp lổỷc
prevent (v) : phoỡng
traùnh, ngn caớn
price (n) : giaù caớ
process (n) : quaù
trỗnh
produce (v) : saớn
xuỏỳt
product (n) : saớn

phỏứm
pronounced (adj.) : rỏỳt hióứn
nhión, roợ raỡng
protect (v) : baớo
vóỷ
provide (v) : cung
cỏỳp
pupa (n) : con
nhọỹng
purview (n) : nhaớn quan,


118
deserts (n) : hoang
mảc
desirable(adj) :ao ỉåïc,
triãøn vng
desolate (adj.) : hoang vu
lảnh lo
destroy (v) : tn
phạ
determine (v) : xạc âënh
dig (v) :
âo, xåïi
discern (v) : nháûn
thỉïc r, phán biãût
diver (n) : thåü
làûn
domestic(adj.) :thüc näüi
âëa, trong nỉåïc

drainage (n) : sỉû rụt
nỉåïc, sỉû tiãu nỉåïc
due to (adv) : do, vç
dust (v) :
lm sảch bủi
dwelling (n) : sỉû
åí, chäù åí, nh åí
ecofarm (n) : näng
tang sinh thại
ecologist (n) : nh
sinh thại hc
ecosystem (n) : hãû sinh
thại
efficiency (n) : hiãûu
qu
emphasis (n) : táưm quan
trng, nháún ging
employ (v) : lao âäüng,
lm viãûc
empower (v) : trao
quưn, cho phẹp
enclose (v) : ro
quanh, gỉỵi km
endemic (n) : bãûnh
truưn nhiãùm
equity (n) : tênh
cäng bàòng
erode (v) : xọi
mn
estuary (n) : cỉía

säng
ethic (adj.) : thüc
täüc ngỉåìi, vä tháưn
caring (adj.) : chu âạo
ethical (adj.) : thüc vãư
táưm hiãøu biãút
quotas (n) : chè tiãu
raise (v) : lm tàng lãn,
ni träưng
reasonable (adj.) : håüp l
rectify (v) : sỉía lải
cho âụng
recycle (v) : tại chãú,
lm ln chuøn
redistribution (n) : phán
phäúi
refine (v) : gản
lc
regain (v) : häưi
phủc, thu lải âỉåüc
regenerate (v) : tại
sinh, phủc häưi
regular (adj.) :
thỉåìng xun
release (v) : thi
ra, thoạt ra
removal (n) : thanh
toạn hãút, dn sảch
renowned (adj.) : näøi tiãúng

reptile (n) : loi
b sạt
respiration (n) : hä háúp,
thåí
retain (v) : chỉïa, giỉỵ
retard (v) : lm
cháûm lải
roots (n) : gäúc, rãù
rootstock (n) : bäü rãù

rotten (adj.) : thäúi rỉỵa,
mủc nạt, hẹo tn
sanctuary (n) : nåi trụ áøn,
khu bo täưn
sawdust (n) : mn cỉa
scheme (n) : phỉång sạch,
âäư, âãư ạn
scraps (n) : loải
thi
seabed (n) : âạy
biãøn
seed (n) : hảt
giäúng
sequence (n) : sỉû
liãn tủc, liãn tiãúp
shade (n) : hçnh,
hçnh dảng


119

âảo âỉïc, tám linh
evaporation (n) : sỉû bäúc
håi
evolution (n) : sỉû
tiãún hoạ
exceed (v) : vỉåüt
quạ giåïi hản
excessive (adj.) : dỉ,
thỉìa
exoskeleton (n) : bäü
xỉång ngoi (b)
expose (v) : phåi
ra, läü ra
extend (v) : måí
räüng
fabric (n) : cäng trçnh
xd,cå cáúu, vi vọc
factor (n) : úu täú
flat area (n) :
vng âáút bàòng phàóng
flavour (adj.) : hỉång
vë
fluid (n) :
lng, dãù chy
force of gravity (n) : trng
lỉûc, sỉïc hụt
forfeit (v) :
tr giạ
formulate (v) : cäng
thỉïc hoạ

fraction (n) : phán
säú, thnh pháưn
fragments (n) : mnh,
khục, âoản
free of (adj.) : khäng bë
láy nhiãùm bãûnh
friable (adj) : dãù
våỵ
fungal (adj.) : náúm
(gáy bãûnh)
future generation (n) : thãú hãû
tỉång lai
gestation (n) :
thåìi k thai nghẹn
glare (adj.) :
ạnh nàõng chọi chang
graft (n) :
ghẹp cáy
grant (n)(v) : tråü
cáúp, ban, cho
gravel (n) : hảt
si
shelf life (n) : thåìi
hản sỉí dủng
shelter (n) : chäù
áøn nạu, nỉång tỉûa
shelterbelt tree (n) : cáy lm
nåi trụ ngủ
shrink (v) : co lải
site (n) : chäù,

vë trê, âëa âiãùm
slope (n) : âáút
triãưn däúc
solar energy (n) : nàng lỉåüng
màût tråìi
soluble (adj.) : ho tan
soluble nutrient : cháút dinh
dỉåỵng ho tan
solution (n) : dung dëch,
sỉû ho tan
sow (v) : gieo hảt
stable (adj.) : vỉỵng
chàõc
stalk borer(n) : âủc thán
(sáu)
standard (n) : chøn
mỉûc, tiãu chøn
standpoint (n) : quan âiãùm
stem (n) : thán cáy
stewardship (n) : cỉång vë
qun l
storage (n) : sỉû bo
qun, sỉû cáút giỉỵ
store (v) : lỉu
giỉỵ, cáút giỉỵ
straw (n) : råm rả
stress (n) : sỉïc
ẹp; sỉû càng thàóng
strive (v) : cäú
gàõng, pháún âáúu

structure (n) : cáúu
trục
subsidies (n) : tiãưn tråü
giạ, phủ cáúp
subsistence (n) : sỉû täưn
tải, sinh kãú
subsoil (n) : táưng âáút
cại (dỉåïi âáút màût)
substitution (n) : sỉû thay
thãú
suck (v) : hụt
sulphur (n) : lỉu hunh
supplement (n) : sỉû cung
cáúp, bäø sung


120
gritty (adj.) : cọ
sản
gully (n) : rnh nỉåïc,
mỉång, mạng
habitat (n) : mäi trỉåìng
sọng, chäø åí, nh
hardy : cọ
sỉïc säúng täút
harmonious (adj.) : hi ho,
ho thûn
harvest (n)(v) : ma vủ,
thu hoảch
hatch (n)(v) : sỉû áúp

trỉïng, trỉïng nåí
hay (n) : c
khä
herd (n) : báưy
ân (gia sục)
hone (n)(v) : củc âạ
mi, mi dủng củ
hone (v) : mi
bàòng âạ mi
hoof (n) : mọng,
vọ
humus (n) : âáút
mn
hunt (v) : sàn
bàõn
hybrid strain (n) : giäưng lai
immunity (n) : sỉû miãùn
nhiãùm
implement (v) : thỉûc thi
impose (n) : âạnh thú
improvement (n) : ci thiãûn,
lm täút hån
incorporate (v) : sạt
nháûp, håüp thnh
increase (n) (v) : sỉû tàng lãn,
phạt triãøn
indigenous forest(n) : rỉìng bn
âëa
inequality (n) : khäng
bàòng nhau

infect (v) :
tiãm thúc
infertility (n) : càòn
cäøi,
injection (n) : sỉû
tiãm thúc
inoculate (v) : tiãm
chng
insecticide (n) : thúc
supply (v) : cung cáúp
sustainability (n) : tênh bãưn
vỉỵng
sustainable (adj.) : bãưn vỉỵng

swale (n) : chäù
trng láúp âáưy bn
swell (v) : phçnh ra
symbiotic (n) : sỉû cäüng
sinh
synergistic (n) : sỉû hiãûp
lỉûc, âiãưu phäúi
synergy (n) : tênh hiãûp
lỉûc, âiãưu phäúi
tariff (n) : biãøu thú
quan
tend (v) : träng nom, chàm
sọc, giỉỵ gçn
texture (n) : kãút
cáúu, cáúu trục
threshold (adj.) : chùn mỉûc

tissues (n) : tãú bo
title (n) : tỉ
cạch, danh nghéa
toxic (adj.) : âäüc
hải
translocation (n) : di chuøn
âẹn nåi khạc
treatment (n) : viãûc
chỉỵa trë bãûnh
trellis (n)(v) : lỉåïi màõt
cạo, leo gin m/c.
tribal (adj.) :
thüc bäü lảc
tropical (adj) : thüc
nhiãût âåïi
tuberculosis (n) : bãûnh lao
uncontaminated :khäng bë
nhiãùm bãûnh
underneath (adv.) : bãn
dỉåïi, màût dỉåïi
undernourished: khäng âỉåüc cho
àn âáưy â
undertake (v) : cam kãút
thỉûc hiãûn
undisturbed : n ténh, khäng bë
xạo träün
validate (v) : phã
chøn, thäng qua
valley (n) : thung
lng

variety (n) : biãún


121
trổỡ cọn truỡng
integral (adj.) : phọỳi
hồỹp, lión kóỳt
integration (n) : sổỷ
phọỳi hồỹp
intensification (n) : thỏm
canh
intensity (n) : kyợ
thuỏỷt thỏm canh
interact (v) :
tổồng taùc, phaớn ổùng
interrelationship (n) : mọỳi
tổồng quan
intramuscular (adj.) : bón trong
cồ bừp
intravenous (adj.) : bón trong
ven (tióm)
involve (v) : coù lión
quan, lọi cuọỳn vaỡo
irrigation (n) : thuyớ
lồỹi
jute bag (n) : bao
gai
lack of (n) :
thióỳu
lactating cow (n) : boỡ sổợa

thóứ, sổỷ õa daỷng
verge (n) :
bồỡ,ven (õổồỡng, rổỡng)
veterinary surgeon (n): baùc sộ
thuù y
viable (adj.) : coù
thóứ sọng õổồỹc
virgin soil (n) : õỏỳt
hoang
waste (n) : õọử
phóỳ thaới
waterlogge(v) : uùng nổồùc
weather (n) : sổỷ
phong hoùa
wilderness (n) : sổỷ hoang
hoaù
windbreak (n) : sổỷ chừn
gioù
yield(v)(n) : õem laỷi lồỹi
ờch, nng suỏỳt






REFERENCE BOOKS

1. L. Sue Baugh. 1995- ''Essentials of English Grammar'' - Passport Books.

2. Rosemary Morrow. 1993- ''Earth User's Guide to Permaculture'' - Kangaroo Press.
3. Stephen Danny - Lewis Kerr. - Martin Phillips - Clarence Shettlesworth 1985.
''Agriculture'' - Longman.
4. Williem Steenkamp. 1999 - ''Dairy farming. A Practical Manual '' - J.L van Schaik
Publishers.












122

CONTENT
UNIT
Text

Page
Unit 1
Text A
Text B
- Soil
- Agriculture Policy
2

Unit 2
Text A
Text B
- Tropical Soil
- Agriculture of India
8
Unit 3
Text A
Text B
- Soils - A living organism
- Agriculture of Australia
14
Unit 4
Text A
Text B
- Unhealthy Soil
- Agriculture of The United States
20
Unit 5
Text A
Text B
- Repairing and improving damaged soil
- Soil Components
27
Test 1

From unit 1 to unit 5
33
Unit 6
Text A

Text B
- Climate
- Tropical Climate
37
Unit 7
Text A
Text B
- Microclimate
- Monsoon
45
Unit 8
Text A
Text B
- Fertilizers
- Potassium in plants
50


123
Unit 9
Text A
Text B
- The functions of plants
- Feeding the orchard
58
Unit 10
Text A
Text B
- Tree selection and planting
- Planting fruit trees

63
Test 2

From unit 6 to unit 10
68
Unit 11
Text A
Text B
- Trees
- Trees, Forests and Animals
73
Unit 12
Text A
Text B
- What is land-use planning
- Permaculture
78
Unit 13
Text A
Text B
- Insects
- Pest management
84
Unit 14
Text A
Text B
- Dairy farming
- Health Care
89
Unit 15

Text A
Text B
- Natural forests
- Sustainable growing and living in different Regions
94
Test 3

From unit 11 to unit 15
98
Unit 16
Text A
Text B
- Aquaculture - The water polyculture
- New sustainable cultures
103
Test 4

Final Test
109
New Vocabulary 115
Reference Books 119
Table of contents 120