Volume 01 - Properties and Selection Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys Episode 4 doc

G10550

1055 0.52-0.60

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10600

1060 0.55-0.66

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10640

1064 0.59-0.70

0.50-0.80

0.040

0.050

G10650

1065 0.59-0.70

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10700

1070 0.65-0.76

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10740

1074 0.69-0.80

0.50-0.80

0.040

0.050

G10750

1075 0.69-0.80

0.40-0.70

0.040

0.050

G10780

1078 0.72-0.86

0.30-0.60

0.040

0.050

G10800

1080 0.74-0.88

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10840

1084 0.80-0.94

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10850

1085 0.80-0.94

0.70-1.00

0.040

0.050

G10860

1086 0.80-0.94

0.30-0.50

0.040

0.050

G10900

1090 0.84-0.98

0.60-0.90

0.040

0.050

G10950

1095 0.90-1.04

0.30-0.50

0.040

0.050

G15240

1524 0.18-0.25

1.30-1.65

0.040

0.050

G15270

1527 0.22-0.29

1.20-1.55

0.040

0.050

G15360

1536 0.30-0.38

1.20-1.55

0.040

0.050

G15410

1541 0.36-0.45

1.30-1.65

0.040

0.050

G15480

1548 0.43-0.52

1.05-1.40

0.040

0.050

G15520

1552 0.46-0.55

1.20-1.55

0.040

0.050


(a)

Maximum

Low-Alloy Steel Plate. Steel is considered to be low-alloy steel when either of the following conditions is met:
•
The maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the
following limits: 1.65% Mn, 0.60% Si, and 0.60% Cu
•
Any definite range or definite minimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or

required within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, boron,
chromium up to 3.99%, cobalt, niobium, molybdenum, nickel,
titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,
or any other alloying element added to obtain the desired alloying effect
Alloying elements are added to hot-finished plates for various reasons, including improved corrosion resistance and/or
improved mechanical properties at low or elevated temperatures. Alloying elements are also used to improve the
hardenability of quenched and tempered plate.
Low-alloy steels generally require additional care throughout their manufacture. They are more sensitive to thermal and
mechanical operations, the control of which is complicated by the varying effects of different chemical compositions. To
secure the most satisfactory results, consumers normally consult with steel producers regarding the working, machining,
heat treating, or other operations to be employed in fabricating the steel; mechanical operations to be employed in
fabricating the steel; mechanical properties to be obtained; and the conditions of service for which the finished articles are
intended.
The chemical composition requirements of standard low-alloy steel plate are listed in Table 3. These low-alloy steels may
be suitable for some structural applications when furnished according to ASTM A 6 and A 829. The effect of residual
alloying elements on the mechanical properties of hot-finished steel plate is discussed in the section "Mechanical
Properties" in this article. The effect of alloying elements on the hardenability and mechanical properties of quenched and
tempered steels is discussed in the articles "Hardenable Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels" and "High-Strength Structural and
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels" in this Volume.
Table 3 Composition ranges and limits for AISI-SAE standard low-
alloy steel plate applicable for structural
applications
Boron or lead can be added to these compositions. Small quantities of certain elements not required may be found. These elements are
to be considered incidental and are accept
able to the following maximum amounts: copper to 0.35%, nickel to 0.25%, chromium to
0.20%, and molybdenum to 0.06%.
Heat composition ranges and limits, %
(a)

AISI-SAE

designation

UNS
designation

C Mn Si
(b)
Cr Ni
Mo
1330 G13300 0.27-0.34

1.50-1.90

0.15-0.30

. . . . . .
. . .
1335 G13350 0.32-0.39

1.50-1.90

0.15-0.30

. . . . . .
. . .
1340 G13400 0.36-0.44

1.50-1.90

0.15-0.30

. . . . . .
. . .
1345 G13450 0.41-0.49

1.50-1.90

0.15-0.30

. . . . . .
. . .
4118 G41180 0.17-0.23

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.40-0.65

. . .
0.08-0.15

4130 G41300 0.27-0.34

0.35-0.60

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4135 G41350 0.32-0.39

0.65-0.95

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4137 G41370 0.33-0.40

0.65-0.95

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4140 G41400 0.36-0.44

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4142 G41420 0.38-0.46

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4145 G41450 0.41-0.49

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
0.15-0.25

4340 G43400 0.36-0.44

0.55-0.80

0.15-0.30

0.60-0.90

1.65-2.00

0.20-0.30

E4340
(c)
G43406 0.37-0.44

0.60-0.85

0.15-0.30

0.65-0.90

1.65-2.00

0.20-0.30

4615 G46150 0.12-0.18

0.40-0.65

0.15-0.30

. . . 1.65-2.00

0.20-0.30

4617 G46170 0.15-0.21

0.40-0.65

0.15-0.30

. . . 1.65-2.00

0.20-0.30

4620 G46200 0.16-0.22

0.40-0.65

0.15-0.30

. . . 1.65-2.00

0.20-0.30

5160 G51600 0.54-0.65

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.60-0.90

. . .
. . .
6150
(d)
G61500 0.46-0.54

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.80-1.15

. . .
. . .
8615 G86150 0.12-0.18

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8617 G86170 0.15-0.21

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8620 G86200 0.17-0.23

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8622 G86220 0.19-0.25

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8625 G86250 0.22-0.29

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8627 G86270 0.24-0.31

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8630 G86300 0.27-0.34

0.60-0.90

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8637 G86370 0.33-0.40

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8640 G86400 0.36-0.44

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8655 G86550 0.49-0.60

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.15-0.25

8742 G87420 0.38-0.46

0.70-1.00

0.15-0.30

0.35-0.60

0.40-0.70

0.20-0.30

(a)

Indicated ranges and limits apply to steels made by the open hearth or basic oxygen processes; maximum content for phosphorus is 0.035%
and for sulfur 0.040%. For steels made by the electric furnace process, the ranges and limits are reduced as follows: C 0.01%; Mn 0.05%;
Cr 0.05% (<1.25%), 0.10%(>1.25%); maximum content for either phosphorus or sulfur is 0.025%.
(b)

Other silicon ranges may be negotiated. Silicon is available in ranges of 0.10-0.20%, 0.20-0.30%, and 0.35% maximum (when carbon
deoxidized) when so specified by the purchaser.
(c)

Prefix "E" indicates that the steel is made by the electric furnace process.
(d)

Contains 0.15% V minimum

In addition to the low-alloy steels listed in Table 3, other low-alloy steel plates are also classified according to more
specific requirements in various ASTM specifications. The chemical composition requirements and mechanical properties
of low-alloy steel plate in ASTM standards are discussed in the section "Steel Plate Quality" in this article.
High-strength low-alloy steels offer higher mechanical properties and, in certain of these steels, greater resistance
to atmospheric corrosion than conventional carbon structural steels. The HSLA steels are generally produced with
emphasis on mechanical property requirements rather than the chemical composition limits. They are not considered alloy
steels as described in the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) steel products manuals, even though utilization of any
intentionally added alloy content would technically qualify as such.
There are two groups of compositions in this category:
•
Vanadium and/or niobium steels, with a manganese content generally not exceeding 1.35% maximum
and with the addition of 0.2% minimum copper when specified
• High-strength intermediate-mang
anese steels, with a manganese content in the range of 1.10 to 1.65%

and with the addition of 0.2% minimum copper when specified
Other elements commonly added to HSLA steels to yield the desired properties include silicon, chromium, nickel,
molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, boron, aluminum, and nitrogen. The chemical compositions of ASTM structural
quality and pressure vessel quality plates made of HSLA steel are listed in Table 4. More information on HSLA steels is
provided in the article "High-Strength Structural and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels" in this Volume.
Table 4 Composition of high-strength low-alloy steel plate
Composition, %
(a)

ASTM
specification

Material
grade
or type
C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo Cu V Nb
Others
Structural quality
A 131 AH32,
DH32,
EH32,
AH36,
DH36,
EH36
0.18 0.90-
1.60
0.04 0.04 0.10-
0.50
0.25 0.40 0.08

0.35 0.10 0.05
. . .
A 242 1 0.15 1.00 0.15 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20
min
. . . . . .
(b)(c)

42 0.21 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.40
(d)


. . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

45 0.22 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.40
(d)


. . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

50 0.23 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.40

(d)


. . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

60 0.26 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.40
(d)


. . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

A 572
65 0.26
(d)


1.65
(d)
0.04 0.05 0.40 . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

A 0.19 0.80-
1.25
0.04 0.05 0.30-
0.65
0.40-
0.65
0.40 . . . 0.25-
0.40
0.02-
0.10
. . .
. . .
B 0.20 0.75-
1.35
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
0.50-
0.70
0.50 . . . 0.20-
0.40
0.01-
0.10
. . .
. . .
C 0.15 0.80-

1.35
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
0.30-
0.50
0.25-
0.50
. . . 0.20-
0.50
0.01-
0.10
. . .
. . .
D 0.10-
0.20
0.75-
1.25
0.04 0.05 0.50-
0.90
0.50-
0.90
. . . . . . 0.30 . . . 0.04
Zr,
0.05-
0.15
A 588
K 0.17 0.50-
1.20
0.04 0.05 0.25-
0.50

0.40-
0.70
0.40 0.10

0.30-
0.50
. . . 0.005-
0.05
(f)

. . .
A 0.18 1.00-
1.35
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05
. . .
B 0.18 1.00-
1.35
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 . . .
. . .
C 0.20 1.15-
1.50
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.01-
0.05
. . .

A 633
D 0.20 0.70-
1.60
(d)

0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08

0.35 . . . . . .
. . .

E 0.22 1.15-
1.50
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04-
0.11
(g)

N, 0.01-
0.03
(h)

3 0.18 1.65 0.025

0.035

0.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 0.005-
0.15

N,
0.020
A 656
7 0.18 1.65 0.025

0.035

0.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.005-
0.015
(i)


0.005-
0.015
(i)


N,0.020

A 678 D 0.22 1.15-
1.50
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . 0.2
min
(j)

0.04-
0.11
(g)

N,
0.001-
0.03
50 0.23 1.359
(d)


0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
(d)


. . . . . . . . . . . .
(e)

(e)

(e)

A 709
50W
Identical to A 588 type A, B, or C (as specified)
A 808 . . . 0.12 1.65 0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 0.02-
0.10
(Nb +
V), 0.15

A 852 . . . 0.19 0.80-
1.35
0.04 0.05 0.20-
0.65
0.40-
0.70
0.50 . . . 0.20-
0.40
0.02-
0.10
. . .
. . .
A 871 . . . 1.20 1.50 0.04 0.05 0.90 0.90 1.25 0.25

1.00 0.10 0.05
Zr,
0.15;
Ti, 0.05
Pressure vessel quality
A 734 B 0.17 1.60 0.035

0.015

0.40 . . . 0.35 0.25

0.25
(j)


0.11

(k)

Al,
0.06; N,
0.030
B 0.20 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.030

0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05
. . .
A 737
C 0.22 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.030

0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04-
0.11
(k)

N, 0.03
A 841 . . . 0.20 0.70-

1.60
(d)

0.030

0.030

0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08

0.35 0.06 0.03 Al,
0.020
min

(a)

Except as noted, when a single value is shown, it is a maximum limit.
(b)

Choice and amount of other alloying elements added to give the required mechanical properties and atmospheric corrosion resistance are made
by the producer and reported in the heat analysis.
(c)

Elements commonly added include silicon, chromium, nickel, vanadium, titanium, and zirconium.
(d)

Limiting values vary with plate thickness.
(e)

For type 1, 0.005-0.05% Nb; for type 2, 0.01-0.15% V; for type 3, 0.05% Nb max + V = (0.02-0.15%); for type 4, N (with V) 0.015% max.
(f)

For plates under 13 mm (
1
2
in.) thickness, the minimum niobium limit is waived.
(g)

Niobium may be present in the amount of 0.01-0.05%.
(h)

The minimum total aluminum content shall be 0.018% or the vanadium:nitrogen ratio shall be 4:1 minimum.
(i)

Niobium, or vanadium, or both, 0.005% min. When both are added, the total shall be 0.20% max.
(j)

Applicable only when specified.
(k)

0.05% max Nb may be present.

Steel Plate Quality
Steel quality, as the term applies to steel plate, is indicative of many conditions, such as the degree of internal soundness,
relative uniformity of mechanical properties and chemical composition, and relative freedom from injurious surface
imperfections. The various types of steel plate quality are indicated in Table 1.
The three main quality descriptors used to describe steel plate are regular quality, structural quality, and pressure vessel
quality. Special qualities include cold-drawing quality, cold-pressing quality, cold-flanging quality, and forging quality
carbon steel plate, along with drawing quality and aircraft quality alloy steel plate. Quality descriptors that have been used

in the past include flange quality and firebox quality carbon and alloy steel plate and marine quality carbon steel plate.
However, use of these descriptors has been discontinued in favor of pressure vessel quality.
Regular quality is the most common quality of carbon steel, which is applicable to plates with a maximum carbon
content of 0.33%. Plates of this quality are not expected to have the same degree of chemical uniformity, internal
soundness, or freedom from surface imperfections that is associated with structural quality or pressure vessel quality
plate. Regular quality is usually ordered to standard composition ranges and is not customarily produced to mechanical
property requirements. Regular quality is analogous to merchant quality for bars because there are normally no
restrictions on deoxidation, grain size, check analysis, or other metallurgical factors. Also, this quality plate can be
satisfactorily used for applications similar to those of merchant quality bars, such as those involving mild cold bending,
mild hot forming, punching, and welding for noncritical parts of machinery.
Structural quality steel plate is intended for general structural applications such as bridges, buildings, transportation
equipment, and machined parts. The various ASTM specifications for structural quality steel plate are given in Table 5.
Most of the structural steel plate listed in Table 5 is furnished to both chemical composition limits (Table 6) and
mechanical properties (Table 7). However, some structural steel plate (ASTM A 829 and A 830 in Table 5) is produced
from the standard steels listed in Tables 2 and 3. These steels can be furnished only according to the chemical
compositions specified by SAE/AISI steel designations. Factors affecting the mechanical properties of hot-finished
carbon steel are discussed in the section "Mechanical Properties" in this article.
Table 5 ASTM specifications for structural quality steel plate
General requirements for structural plate are covered in ASTM A 6.
ASTM
specification
(a)

Steel type and condition
Carbon steel
A 36
(b)

Carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars of structural quality
A 131

(c)

Structural steel shapes, plates, bars, and rivets for use in ship construction (ordinary strength)
A 283
(b)

Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon steel plates
A 284
Low and intermediate tensile strength carbon-silicon steel plates for machine parts and general construction
A 529
(d)

Structural steel with 290 MPa (42 ksi) minimum yield point
A 573
Structural quality carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates with improved toughness
A 678
Quenched and tempered carbon and HSLA plates for structural applications
A 709
Carbon and HSLA steel structural shapes, plates, and bars, and quenched and tempered alloy steel for use in
bridges
A 827
(e)

Carbon steel plates for forging applications
A 830
(e)

Structural quality carbon steel plates furnished to chemical requirements
Low-alloy steel
A 514

Structural quality quenched and tempered alloy steel plates for use in welded bridges and other structures
A 709
See above under "Carbon steel"
A 710
Low-carbon age-hardening Ni-Cu-Cr-Mo-Nb, Ni-Cu-Nb, and Ni-Cu-Mn-No-Nb alloy steel plates, shapes, and
bars for general applications.
A 829
(e)(f)

Structural quality alloy plates specified to chemical composition requirements
HSLA steel
A 13
(c)

Structural steel shapes, plates, bars, and rivets for use in ship construction (higher strength)
A 242
HSLA structural steel shapes, plates, and bars for welded, riveted, or bolted construction
A 441
(g)

Mn-V HSLA steel plates, bars, and shapes
A 572
HSLA structural Nb-V steel shapes, plates, sheet piling, and bars for riveted, bolted, or welded construction
of bridges, buildings, and other structures
A 588
(h)

HSLA structural steel shapes, plates, and bars for welded, riveted, or bolted construction for use in bridges
and buildings with atmospheric corrosion resistance approximately two times that of carbon steel with
copper

A 633
Normalized HSLA structural steel for welded, riveted, or bolted construction suited for service at low
ambient temperatures of -45 °C (-50 °F) or higher
A 656
Hot-rolled HSLA structural steel with improved formability for use in truck frames, brackets, crane booms,
rail cars, and similar applications
A 678
See above under "Carbon steel"
A 709
See above under "Carbon steel"
A 808
Hot-rolled HSLA Mn-V-Nb structural steel plate with improved notch toughness
A 852
Quenched and tempered HSLA structural steel plate for welded, riveted, or bolted construction for use in
bridges and buildings with atmospheric corrosion resistance approximately two times that of carbon steel
with copper
A 871 HSLA structural steel plate in the as-rolled, normalized, or quenched and tempered condition with
atmospheric corrosion resistance approximately two times that of carbon steel with copper

(a)

Also designated with the suffix "M" when the specification covers metric equivalents.
(b)

This specification is also published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which uses the prefix "S" (for example, SA36).
(c)

See also Section 43 of the American Bureau of Shipping specifications and MIL-S-22698 (SH).
(d)

13 mm (
1
2
in.) maximum thickness.
(e)

See also Ref 1.
(f)

Tensile properties may also be specified when compatible.
(g)

Discontinued in 1989 and replaced by A 572.
(h)

Minimum yield point 345 MPa (50 ksi) to 100 mm (4 in.). Lower minimum yield points for thicker sections.

Table 6 ASTM specifications of chemical composition for structural plate made of low-alloy steel or carbon
steel
Composition, %
(b)

ASTM
specification

Material

grade or

type

C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo Cu
Others
Low-alloy steel
A 0.15-
0.21
0.80-
1.10
0.035

0.04 0.40-
0.80
0.50-
0.80
. . . 0.18-
0.28
. . .
Zr, 0.05-0.15; B,
0.0025
B 0.12-
0.21
0.70-
1.00
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
0.40-
0.65
. . . 0.15-
0.25

. . .
V, 0.03-0.08; Ti,
0.01-0.03; B,
0.0005-0.005
C 0.10-
0.20
1.10-
1.50
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.30
. . . . . . 0.15-
0.30
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
E 0.12-
0.20
0.40-
0.70
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.40
1.40-
2.00
. . . 0.40-
0.60
. . .
Ti, 0.01-0.10

(c)
,
0.001-0.005
F 0.10-
0.20
0.0.60-
1.00
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.35
0.40-
0.65
0.70-
1.00
0.40-
0.60
0.15-
0.50
V, 0.03-0.08; B,
0.0005-0.006
H 0.12-
0.21
0.95-
1.30
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
0.40-

0.65
0.30-
0.70
0.20-
0.30
. . .
V, 0.03-0.08; B,
0.0005-0.005
J 0.12-
0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
. . . . . . 0.50-
0.65
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
M 0.12-
0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
. . . 1.20-
1.50

0.45-
0.60
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
P 0.12-
0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
0.85-
1.20
1.20-
1.50
0.45-
0.60
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
A 514
Q 0.14-
0.21
0.95-
1.30
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.35
1.00-

1.50
1.20-
1.50
0.40-
0.6
. . .
V, 0.03-0.08
R 0.15-
0.80
0.85-
1.15
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.35
0.35-
0.65
90-
1.10
0.15-
0.25
. . .
V, 0.03-0.08
S 0.10-
0.20
1.10-
1.50
0.035

0.04 0.15-

0.35
. . . . . . 0.10-
0.35
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005;
Nb, 0.06 max
(d)


T 0.08-
0.14
1.20-
1.50
0.035

0.010

0.40-
0.60
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
V, 0.03-0.08; B,
0.001-0.005
A 709 100,
100W
(equivalent to A 514-A, B, C, E, F, H, J, M, P, Q)
A 0.07 0.40-
0.70
0.025

0.025

0.40 0.60-
0.90
0.70-
1.00
0.15-
0.25
1.00-
1.30
Nb, 0.02 min
B 0.06 0.40-
0.65
0.025

0.025

0.15-
0.40
. . . 1.20-
1.50
. . . 1.00-
1.30
Nb, 0.02 min
A 710
C 0.07 1.30-
1.65
0.025

0.25 0.04 . . . 0.70-
1.00
0.15-
0.25
1.00-
1.30
Nb, 0.02 min
A 829
(e)

(See Table 3.)
Carbon steel
A 36 . . . 0.29
(f)
0.80-
1.20
(f)

0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
(f)

. . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .
A 0.26
(f)

(h)

0.05 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
B 0.21 0.80-
1.10
(i)

0.04 0.04 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
D 0.21 0.70-
1.35
(f)(i)

0.04 0.04 0.10-
0.35
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
E 0.18 0.70-
1.35
(i)

0.04 0.04 0.10-
0.35
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 131
CS, DS 0.16 1.00-
1.35
(i)

0.04 0.04 0.10-

0.35
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 0.14 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.04
(f)
. . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .
A 283
B 0.17 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.04
(f)
. . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .
C 0.24 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.04
(f)
. . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .

D 0.27 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.04
(f)
. . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .
C 0.36

(f)
0.90 0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 284
D 0.35
(f)
0.90 0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 529 . . . 0.27 1.20 0.04 0.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20
(g)

. . .
58 0.23 0.60-
0.90
(i)

0.04 0.05 0.10-
0.35
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
65 0.26
(f)
0.85-
1.20
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40

. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 573
70 0.28
(f)
0.85-
1.20
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 0.16 0.90-
1.50
0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.20
(g)
-
0.35
. . .
B 0.20 0.70-
1.60
(f)

0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.20
(g)
-
0.35

. . .
A 678
C 0.22 1.00-
1.60
0.04 0.05 0.20-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.20
(g)
-
0.35
. . .
A 709 36 0.27
(f)
0.80-
1.20
(f)

0.04 0.05 0.15-
0.40
(f)

. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 827
(e)

(See Table 11.)
A 830
(e)
(See Table 2.)

(a)

Note: See Table 4 for the compositions of structural plate made of HSLA steel.
(b)

When a single value is shown, it is a maximum limit, except for copper, for which a single value denotes a minimum limit.
(c)

Vanadium can be substituted for part or all of the titanium on a one-for-one basis.
(d)

Titanium may be present in levels up to 0.06% to protect the boron additions.
(e)

Specification covers many AISI/SAE grades and chemistries.
(f)

Limiting values vary with plate thickness.
(g)

Minimum value applicable only if copper-bearing steel is specified.
(h)

Plates over 13 mm (
1
2
in.) in thickness shall have a minimum manganese content not less than 2.5 times carbon content.
(i)

The upper limit of manganese may be exceeded provided C + 1/6 Mn does not exceed 0.40% based on heat analysis.

Table 7 ASTM specifications of mechanical properties for structural plate made of carbon steel, low-alloy
steel, and HSLA steel
Tensile strength
(a)
Yield strength
(a)
ASTM
specification

Material grade or type

MPa ksi MPa ksi
Minimum
elongation
(b)


in 200 mm
(8 in.), %
Minimum
elongation
(b)


in 50 mm (2

in.), %
Carbon steel

A 36 . . . 400-500 58-80 220-250
(b)


32-36
(b)


20
23
A 131 A, B, D, E, CS, DS 400-490 58-71 220
(b)
32
(b)
21
(b)

24
A 310-415 45-60 165 24 27
30
B 345-405 50-65 185 27 25
28
C 380-485 55-70 205 30 22
25
A 283
D 415-515
(b)


60-75

(b)
230 33 20
23
C 415 60 205 30 21
25
A 284
D 415 60 230 33 21
24
A 529 . . . 415-585 60-85 290 42 19
. . .
A 573 58 400-490 58-71 220 32 21
. . .
65 450-530 65-77 240 35 20
. . .

70 485-620 70-90 290 42 18
. . .
A 485-620 70-90 345 50 . . .
22
B 550-690 80-100 415 60 . . .
22
A 678
C 585-793
(b)


85-115
(b)
450
(b)

65
(b)
. . .
19
A 709 36 400-550 58-80 250 36 20
23
A 827
(c)

(d)

(See the section "Forging Quality Plates " in this article.)
A 830
(c)

(d)

(See text.)
Low-alloy steel
A 514 All 690-895
(b)


100-130
(b)


620
(b)
90

(b)
. . .
16
A 709 100, 100W 700-915 100-130 635
(b)
90
(b)
. . .
15
(c)

A (class 1) 585
(b)
85
(b)
515
(b)
75
(b)
. . .
20
A (class 2) 485
(b)
70
(b)
415
(b)
60
(b)
. . .

20
A (class 3) 485
(b)
70
(b)
415
(b)
60
(b)
. . .
20
B 605
(b)
88
(b)
515
(b)
75
(b)
. . .
18
C (class 1) 690 100 620 90
20
A 710
C (class 3) 620
(b)
90
(b)
550
(b)

80
(b)

20
A 829
(c)

(d)

(See text.)
HSLA steels
AH32, DH32, EH32 470-585 65-85 315 46 19
22
A 131
AH36, DH36, EH36 490-620 71-90 . . . 51 19
22
A 242 . . . 435
(b)
63
(b)
290
(b)
42
(b)
18
21
42 415 60 290 42 20
24
50 450 65 345 50 18
21

60 520 75 415 60 16
18
A 572
65 550 80 450 65 15
17
A 588 All 435
(b)
63
(b)
290
(b)
42
(b)
18
21
A 430-570 63-83 290 42 18
23
C, D 450-590
(b)


65-85
(b)
315
(b)
46
(b)
18
23
A 633

E 515-655
(b)


75-95
(b)
380
(b)
55
(b)
18
23
50 415 60 345 50 20
. . .
60 485 70 415 60 17
. . .
70 550 80 485 70 14
. . .
A 656
80 620 90 550 80 12
. . .
A 678 D 620-760 90-110 515 75 . . .
18
50 450 65 345 50 18
21
A 709
50W 485 70 345 50 18
21
A 808 . . . 415
(b)

60
(b)
290
(b)
42
(b)
18
22
A 852 . . . 620-760 90-110 485 70 . . .
19
60 520 75 415 60 16
18
A 871
65 550 80 450 65 15 17

(a)

Where a single value is shown, it is a minimum.
(b)

Minimum and/or maximum values depend on plate width and/or thickness.
(c)

Specification does not specify mechanical properties.
(d)

Includes several AISI/SAE grades

Pressure Vessel Plate. Steel plate intended for fabrication into pressure vessels must conform to specifications
different from those of similar plate intended for structural applications. The major differences between the two groups of

specifications are that pressure vessel plate must meet requirements for notch toughness and has more stringent limits for
allowable surface and edge imperfections.
Table 8 lists the various ASTM specifications for pressure vessel steel plate. All of these steel plate specifications are
furnished according to both chemical composition limits and mechanical properties.
Table 8 ASTM specifications for pressure vessel quality steel plate
General requirements for pressure vessel plate are covered in ASTM A 20
Specification

Steel type and condition
Carbon steel
A 285
(a)

Carbon steel plates of low or intermediate tensile strength
A 299
(a)

Carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates
A 442
(b)

Carbon steel plates for applications requiring low transition temperature
A 455
(a)

Carbon-manganese steel plates of high tensile strength
A 515
(a)

Carbon-silicon steel plates for intermediate-and higher-temperature service

A 516
(a)

Carbon steel plates for moderate and lower-temperature service
A 537
(a)

Heat-treated carbon-manganese-silicon steel plates
A 562
Titanium-bearing carbon steel plates for glass or diffused metallic coatings
A 612
(a)

Carbon steel plates of high tensile strength for moderate-and lower-temperature service
A 662
(a)

Carbon-manganese steel plates for moderate-and lower-temperature service
A 724
Quenched and tempered carbon steel plates for layered pressure vessels not subject to postweld heat treatment

A 738
(a)

Heat-treated carbon manganese-silicon steel plates for moderate-and lower-temperature service
Low-alloy steel
A 202
(a)

Cr-Mn-Si alloy steel plates

A 203
(a)

Nickel alloy steel plates
A 204
(a)

Molybdenum alloy steel plates
A 225
(a)

Mn-V alloy steel plates
A 302
(a)

Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates
A 353
(a)

Double normalized and tempered 9% Ni alloy steel plates for cryogenic service
A 387
(a)

Cr-Mo alloy steel plates for elevated-temperature service
A 517
(a)

Quenched and tempered alloy steel plates of high tensile strength
A 533
(a)

Quenched and tempered Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni alloy steel plates
A 542
(a)

Quenched and tempered Cr-Mo alloy steel plates
A 543
(a)

Quenched and tempered Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel plates
A 553
(a)

Quenched and tempered 8% and 9% Ni alloy steel plates
A 645
(a)

Specially heat treated 5% Ni alloy steel plates for low-or cryogenic-temperature service
A 734
Quenched and tempered alloy and HSLA steel plates for low-temperature service
A 735
Low-carbon Mn-Mo-Nb alloy steel plates for moderate-and lower-temperature service
A 736
Age-hardening low-carbon Ni-Cu-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy steel plates
A 782
Quenched and tempered Mn-Cr-Mo-Si-Zr alloy pressure vessel steel plates
A 832
Cr-Mo-V-Ti-B alloy pressure vessel steel plates
A 844
9% Ni alloy pressure vessel steel plates produced by the direct-quenching process

HSLA steel
A 734
See under "Alloy steel"
A 737
(a)

HSLA steel plates for applications requiring high strength and toughness
A 841 Steel pressure vessel plate produced by the thermomechanical control processes

(a)

This specification is also published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which adds an "S" in front of the "A" (for example,
SA285).
(b)

Discontinued in 1991
(c)



The chemical composition limits of pressure vessel steel plate include a maximum phosphorus content of 0.035% and a
maximum sulfur content of 0.040% by product analysis. The chemical compositions of various types of pressure vessel
steel plate are given in Table 9.
Table 9 ASTM specification of chemical composition for pressure vessel plate made of carbon and low-
alloy steel
See Table 4
for the compositions of pressure vessel plate made of HSLA steel. The maximum limits per ASTM A 20 on unspecified
elements are 0.40% Cu, 0.40% Ni, 0.30% Cr, 0.12% Mo, 0.03% V, and 0.02% Nb.
Composition, %
(a)

ASTM
specification

Material

grade
or type
C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo Cu
Others
Carbon steel
A 0.17 0.90 0.035

0.04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
B 0.22 0.90 0.035

0.04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 285
C 0.28 0.90 0.035

0.04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 299 . . . 0.30
(b)
0.90-
1.50
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 442 55 0.24
(b)
0.80-
1.10
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .

60 0.27
(b)
0.80-
1.10
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .
A 455 . . . 0.33 0.85-
1.20
0.035

0.04 0.10 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
55 0.28
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
60 0.31
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
65 0.33
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .
A 515
70 0.35
(b)
1.20 0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
55 0.26
(b)
0.60-
1.20
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
60 0.27
(b)
0.60-
1.20
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
65 0.29
(b)
0.85-
1.20
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 516
70 0.31
(b)
0.85-
1.20
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 537 Class 1,
2
0.24 0.70-
1.60
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
. . .
A 562 . . . 0.12 1.20 0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . 0.15
min
Ti min, 4 × C
A 612 . . . 0.29
(b)
1.00-
1.50
(b)

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.50
(b)

0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
V, 0.08
A 0.14 0.90-
1.35

0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
B 0.19 0.85-
1.50
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 662
C 0.20 1.100-
1.60
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.50
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 0.18 1.00-
1.60
0.035

0.04 0.55 0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
V, 0.08
B 0.20 1.00-

1.60
0.035

0.04 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
V, 0.08
A 724
C 0.22 1.10-
1.60
0.035

0.04 0.20-
0.60
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
B, 0.005; V, 0.008
A 0.24 1.60
(b)
0.035

0.04 0.15-
0.50
0.25 0.50 0.08 0.35
. . .
B 0.20 0.90-
1.50
0.030

0.025

0.15-
0.55

0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
V, 0.08
A 738
C 0.20 1.60
(b)
0.030

0.025

0.15-
0.55
0.25 0.25 0.08 0.35
V, 0.08
Low-alloy steel
A 0.17 1.05-
1.40
0.035

0.040

0.60-
0.90
0.35-
0.60
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 202
B 0.25 1.05-
1.40
0.035

0.040

0.60-
0.90
0.35-
0.60
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
A 0.23
(b)
0.80
(b)
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 2.10-
2.50
. . . . . .
. . .
B 0.25
(b)
0.80
(b)
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 2.10-
2.50
. . . . . .
. . .
D 0.20
(b)
0.80
(b)
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 3.25-
3.75
. . . . . .
. . .
A 203
E,F 0.23
(b)
0.80
(b)
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 3.25-
3.75
. . . . . .
. . .
A 0.25
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
B 0.27
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .

A 204
C 0.28
(b)
0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
C 0.25 1.60 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.40-
0.70
. . . . . .
V, 0.13-0.18
A 225
D 0.20 1.70 0.035

0.040

0.10-
0.50

. . . 0.40-
0.70
. . . . . .
V, 0.10-0.18
A 0.25
(b)
0.95-
1.30
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
B 0.25
(b)
1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60

. . .
. . .
C 0.25
(b)
1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.40-
0.70
0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
A 302
D 0.25
(b)
1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.70-

1.00
0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
A 353 . . . 0.13 0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 8.50-
9.50
. . . . . .
. . .
2 0.21 0.55-
0.80
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
0.50-
0.80
. . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
5 0.15 0.30-

0.60
0.040

0.030

0.50 4.00-
6.00
. . . 0.45-
0.65
. . .
. . .
7 0.15 0.30-
0.60
0.030

0.030

1.00 6.00-
8.00
. . . 0.45-
0.65
. . .
. . .
9 0.15 0.30-
0.60
0.030

0.030

1.00 8.00-

10.00
. . . 0.90-
1.10
. . .
. . .
11 0.17 0.40-
0.65
0.035

0.040

0.50-
0.80
1.00-
1.50
. . . 0.45-
0.65
. . .
. . .
12 0.17 0.40-
0.65
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
0.80-
1.15
. . . 0.45-

0.60
. . .
. . .
21 0.15
(b)
0.30-
0.60
0.035

0.035

0.50 2.75-
3.25
. . . 0.90-
1.10
. . .
. . .
22 0.15
(b)
0.30-
0.60
0.035

0.035

0.50 2.00-
2.50
. . . 0.90-
1.10
. . .

. . .
A 387
91 0.08-
0.12
0.30-
0.60
0.020

0.010

0.20-
0.50
8.00-
9.50
0.40 0.85-
1.05
. . .
V, 0.18-0.25;
Nb,0.06-0.10; N,

0.03-0.07; Al, 0.04
A 0.15-
0.21
0.80-
1.10
0.035

0.040

0.40-

0.80
0.50-
0.80
. . . 0.18-
0.28
. . .
B, 0.0025
B 0.15-
0.21
0.70-
1.00
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
0.40-
0.65
. . . 0.15-
0.25
. . .
B, 0.0005-0.005
C 0.10-
0.20
1.10-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.30
. . . . . . 0.20-
0.30
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
E 0.12-
0.20
0.40-
0.70
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
1.40-
2.00
. . . 0.40-
0.60
. . .
B,0.0015, 0.005
F 0.10-
0.20
0.60-
1.00
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.35
0.40-
0.65
0.70-
1.00
0.40-
0.60
. . .
B,0.0005-0.006
H 0.12-
0.21
0.95-
1.30
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
0.40-
0.65
0.30-
0.70
0.20-
0.30
. . .
B,0.0005
J 0.12-

0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
. . . . . . 0.50-
0.65
. . .
B,0.001-0.005
M 0.12-
0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
. . . 1.20-
1.50
0.45-
0.60
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
P 0.12-

0.21
0.45-
0.70
0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.35
0.85-
1.20
1.20-
1.50
0.45-
0.60
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005
Q 0.14-
0.21
0.95-
1.30
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.35
1.00-
1.50
1.20-

1.50
0.40-
0.60
. . .
V, 0.03-0.08
S 0.10-
0.20
1.10-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.10-
0.35
. . .
Ti, 0.06; Nb, 0.06
A 517
T 0.08-
0.14
1.20-
1.50
0.035

0.010

0.040-
0.60

. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
B, 0.001-0.005; V,
0.03-0.08
A 0.25 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . . . . 0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .
B 0.25 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.40-
0.70
0.45-
0.60
. . .

. . .
A 533
C 0.25 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.70-
1.00
0.45-
0.60
. . .
. . .

D 0.25 1.15-
1.50
0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 0.20-
0.40
0.45-
0.60
. . .

. . .
A 0.15 0.30-
0.60
0.025

0.025

0.50 2.00-
2.50
0.40 0.90-
1.10
0.40
V, 0.03
B 0.11-
0.15
0.30-
0.60
0.015

0.15 0.50 2.00-
2.50
0.25 0.90-
1.10
0.25
V, 0.02
A 542
C 0.10-
0.15
0.30-
0.60

0.025

0.025

0.13 2.75-
3.25
0.25 0.90-
1.10
0.25
V, 0.2-0.3; Ti,
0.015-0.35; B,
0.001-0.003
B 0.23 0.40 0.035

0.040

0.20-
0.40
1.50-
2.00
2.60-
3.25
(b)

0.45-
0.60
. . .
V, 0.03
A 543
C 0.23 0.40 0.020

0.020

0.20-
0.40
1.20-
1.80
2.25-
3.25
(b)

0.45-
0.60
. . .
V, 0.03
I 0.13 0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 8.50-
9.50
. . . . . .
. . .
A 553
II 0.13 0.90 0.035

0.040

0.15-
0.40
. . . 7.50-
8.50
. . . . . .
. . .
A 645 . . . 0.13 0.30-
0.60
0.025

0.025

0.20-
0.40
. . . 4.75-
5.25
0.20-
0.35
. . .
Al, 0.02; N, 0.020
A 734 A 0.12 0.45-
0.75
0.035

0.015

0.40 0.90-
1.20
0.90-
1.20

0.25-
0.40
. . .
Al, 0.06
A 735 . . . 0.06 1.20-
2.20
(b)

0.04 0.025

0.40 . . . . . . 0.23-
0.47
0.20-
0.35
(c)

Nb, 0.03-0.09
A 0.07 0.40-
0.70
0.025

0.025

0.40 0.60-
0.90
0.70-
1.00
0.15-
0.25
1.00-

1.30
Nb, 0.02 min
A 736
C 0.07 1.30-
1.65
0.025

0.025

0.40 . . . 0.70-
1.00
0.15-
0.25
1.00-
1.30
Nb, 0.02 min
A 782 . . . 0.20 0.7-
1.20
0.035

0.040

0.40-
0.80
0.50-
1.00
. . . 0.20-
0.60
. . .
Zr, 0.04-0.12

A 832 . . . 0.10-
0.15
0.30-
0.60
0.025

0.025

0.10 2.75-
3.25
. . . 0.90-
1.10
. . .
V, 0.20-0.30; Ti,
0.015-0.035;
B,0.001-0.003
A 844 . . . 0.13 0.90 0.020

0.020

0.15-
0.40
. . . 8.50-
9.50
. . . . . . . . .

(a)

When a single value is shown, it is a maximum limit, except where specified as a minimum limit.
(b)

Limiting values may vary with plate thickness.
(c)

When specified

Mechanical tests of pressure vessel steel plate involve a minimum of one tensile test for each as-rolled plate or a
minimum of two tensile tests for quenched and tempered plates. The mechanical property requirements given in ASTM
specifications for pressure vessel steel plate are listed in Table 10.
Table 10 ASTM specifications of mechanical properties for pressure vessel plate made of carbon steel,
HSLA steel, or low-alloy steel
Tensile strength
(a)
Yield strength
(a)


ASTM
specification

Material grade or
type
MPa ksi MPa ksi
Minimum
elongation
(b)


in 200 mm (8

in.),%
Minimum
elongation
(b)
in

50 mm (2 in.),

%
Carbon steel
A 310-450 45-65 165 24 27
30
B 345-485 50-70 185 27 25
28
A 285
C 380-515 55-75 205 30 23
27
A 299 . . . 515-655 75-95 275
(b)
40
(b)
16
19
55 380-515 55-75 205 30 21
26
A 442
60 415-550 60-80 220 32 20
23
A 455 . . . 485-620
(b)

70-90
(b)
240
(b)
35
(b)
15
22
55 380-515 55-75 205 30 23
27
60 415-550 60-80 220 32 21
25
A 515
65 450-585 65-85 240 35 19
23

70 485-620 70-90 260 38 17
21
55 380-515 55-75 205 30 23
27
60 415-550 60-80 220 32 21
25
65 450-585 65-85 240 35 19
23
A 516
70 485-620 70-90 260 38 17
21
1 450-585

(b)


65-85
(b)
310
(b)
45
(b)
18
22
2 485-620
(b)


70-90
(b)
315
(b)
46
(b)
. . .
20
A 537
2 515-655
(b)


75-95
(b)

380
(b)
55
(b)
. . .
22
A 562 . . . 380-515 55-75 205 30 22
26
A 612 . . . 560-695
(b)


81-101
(b)
345 50 16
22
A 400-540 58-78 275 40 20
23
B 450-585 65-85 275 40 20
23
A 662
C 485-620 70-90 295 43 18
22
A, C 620-760 90-110 485 70 . . .
19
A 724
B 655-795 95-115 515 75 . . .
17
A 515-655 75-95 310 45 . . .
20

B 585-705 85-102 415 60 . . .
20
A 738
C 485-620 70-90 315 46 . . .
20
HSLA steel
A 734 B 530-670 77-97 450 65 . . .
20
A 737 B 485-620 70-90 345 50 18
23