Phần 8 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Lựa chọn Bộ Điều Tốc trong mô phỏng ổn định và mô hình Điều tốc trên Phần mềm PSSE)

TRANSMISSION &
DISTRIBUTION
A Division of Global Power
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING
D3
Sl ti fG
D
ay
3
-
S
e
l
ec
ti
on o
f

G
overnors
November 20, 2013Prepared by: Mohamed El Chehaly
eBook for You
OUTLINE
2
OUTLINE
• Types of Governors
• Governors Models in PSS®E
• Identification of Typical Exciters
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3
TYPES OF GOVERNORS

TYPES

OF

GOVERNORS
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Introduction
4
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Introduction
 The turbine-governor models are
designed to give representations of the
designed

to

give

representations

of

the

effects of power plants on power system
stabilit
y
y
 Models are not intended to be used in
studies of the detailed behavior of

individual plants
 Because of the wide variety of individual
turbine controls, the principal effects of
governors (steam turbine, gas turbine,
nuclear and hydro plants) are
nuclear

and

hydro

plants)

are

represented
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Principle Scheme of Speed Governors
5
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Principle

Scheme

of

Speed

Governors
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Steam Turbine
6
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Steam

Turbine
 Steam generation involves the creation of
pressurised steam which is used to
tt t bi thti ldt th
ro
t
a
t
e a
t
ur
bi
ne
th
a
t

i
s coup
l
e
d

t
o

th
e
rotor of a synchronous generator

Steam boilers convert the thermal energy

Steam

boilers

convert

the

thermal

energy

from the combustion of fuels into steam

The focus will be on the steam turbine

The

focus

will

be

on

the

steam

turbine

speed governor control
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Steam Turbine
7
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Steam

Turbine
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Steam Turbine
8
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Steam

Turbine
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Hydraulic Turbine
9
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine


Ati (
il
t)tbi

A
c
ti
on
(
i
mpu
l
se-
t
ype
)

t
ur
bi
nes
 Potential energy of water is converted into
pressure and then into kinetic energy by passing
pressure

and

then

into

kinetic

energy

by

passing

through nozzles
 The high velocity jets of water hit spoon-shaped
buckets
 Used for large level differences (300m or
greater)
greater)
 Represented by Pelton water-wheel, Turgo
turbines and Cross-flow turbines
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Hydraulic Turbine
10
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Action (impulse-type) turbines
 Pelton turbine
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Hydraulic Turbine
11

TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Reaction turbines
 The entire flow from the headwater to tailwater
takes place in a closed circuit conduit system

E t t f th ki ti f t

E
x
t
rac
t
power
f
rom
th
e
ki
ne
ti
c energy o
f
wa
t
e
r
 Require large water flows to produce significant

amount of power
amount

of

power
 Rotation speed is lower than with impulse turbines
 Represented by radial-flow Francis turbines, axial-
flow Kaplan turbines with adjustable runner
blades, axial-flow propeller turbines with fixed
runner blades and diagonal flow
Deriaz
turbines
runner

blades

and

diagonal

flow

Deriaz
turbines

with adjustible runner blades
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Hydraulic Turbine
12

TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Francis turbine (up to 360m)
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Hydraulic Turbine
13
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Hydraulic

Turbine
 Kaplan turbine (up to 45m)
S
Vith
S
ource:
V
o
ith
Siemens
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Gas Turbine
14
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Gas

Turbine
 Small gas turbines use centrifugal
compressors

 Large gas turbines use axial
compressors
 Can be used as a simple-cycle single
shaft gas turbine

Cb d tf bid
l

C
an
b
e use
d
as par
t
o
f
a com
bi
ne
d
-cyc
l
e
power plants
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Gas Turbine
15
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Gas

Turbine
 Simple-cycle single shaft gas turbine
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Gas Turbine
16
TYPES OF GOVERNORS
Gas

Turbine
 Combined-cycle
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17
GOVERNOR MODELS IN
GOVERNOR

MODELS

IN

PSS®E
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Turbine
Governor Data
18
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Turbine
-
Governor

Data

All turbine
-
governor data should be

All

turbine
governor

data

should

be

specified on the same base used for the
g
enerator
g
 The turbine damping factor D
turb
is equal
to ∂P
turbine
/∂Speed in per unit on a base
equal to unit rating
 The turbine damping is zero for steam,
nuclear and gas turbines

 Its value lies between 0 and 0.5 p.u. for
hd t bi
h
y
d
ro
t
ur
bi
nes
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Generic Model for all T
yp
es of Turbine-
19
EXCITER MODELS IN PSS®E
yp
Governors

IEESGO

IEESGO
 General purpose turbine-governor model
 Gives a
g
ood re
p
resentation of a reheat steam
gp
turbine

 Gives an approximate representation of a hydro
ltfi l fi ti
p
l
an
t
o
f
s
i
mp
l
e con
fi
gura
ti
on
eBook for You
Generic Model for all T
yp
es of Turbine-
20
EXCITER MODELS IN PSS®E
yp
Governors

IEESGO

IEESGO
 Typical parameters

eBook for You
Steam Turbine Models
21
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV1
 Sim
p
le model re
p
resentin
g

g
overnor action and
ppgg
the reheater time constant effect
 The ratio T
2
/T
3
is the fraction of turbine power
developed by the high
pressure turbine
developed

by

the

high
-
pressure

turbine
 T
3
is the reheater time constant

T
1
is the governor time constant

T
1
is

the

governor

time

constant
 R is the permanent droop
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Steam Turbine Models
22
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models

TGOV1

TGOV1
 Typical parameters:
R = 0.05 pu
T
1
= 0.50 s
T
2
/T
3
= 0.3
T
5t 9
T
3
=
5

t

o
9
s
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Steam Turbine Models
23
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV2

Fast
valving
model of a steam turbine that

Fast

valving
model

of

a

steam

turbine

that

represents governor action, a reheat time constant
and the effect of fast valve closing to reduce
mechanical powe
r
 T
1
represents the governor time constant

K i th f ti f th t bi th t i

K

i
s
th
e
f
rac
ti
on o
f

th
e
t
ur
bi

ne power
th
a
t

i
s
developed by the turbine sections not involved in
the fast valving
 T
3
is the reheater time constant
 T
t
represents the time constant with which the
fll ff ft l fth it t l
power
f
a
ll
s o
ff
a
ft
er c
l
osure o
f

th

e
i
n
t
ercep
t
va
l
ve
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Steam Turbine Models
24
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV2

Unique model where the user must supply the

Unique

model

where

the

user

must

supply

the

initiation time for fast valving to begin
 Two methods to do this
 By using the activity ALTR to change VAR(L+1) to the
value of time required

By adding a statement in CONEC For example a user

By

adding

a

statement

in

CONEC
.
For

example

,
a

user

wishes fast valving to begin when generator speed
deviation exceeds 0.01 pu
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Steam Turbine Models
25
GOVERNOR MODELS IN PSS®E
Steam

Turbine

Models
 TGOV2

Model

Model
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