BÀI 12 tìm hiểu về vấn đề thực hiện pháp luật, vi phạm pháp luật và trách nhiệm pháp lý



 !"#$"##%&'()*&+, /0.+"&!1#2
345!6"47 !289:;<=-0>&!189:+
"&!1#&0? !@&A89:BCD!B2/0.
EF2=-0"&!1#&!G47 !2 !2&+#":#HI&J
2!%*2-2#K-0"##%A#==+0"L"#
MN"+#$N#%#D!-2#KB2"&!1#-0A#=" !C%"&!1#
0O#P+0QCB-0R#0<46#$=0R
52+N@S5!6-0">?B2=0R4T:-0@
T4:#"#0>+#MD40-+447 !2F2
 +F2 89:
UN8!V#+"&!1#&!W 2VQ4 !C57 89:G
*2-07N"2V+4#:B2(789:R2-0
#N!NX"&!1#3442&&R2V#7#'<#M
#D+"&!1#B2F/0.W 2V#<#DB2##$#
,R 8!."##%#DL:+-$GL204F!Y4M+F
!C'34L@-&R*-0Y4"/R&+D!
"&!1#B2/0.W 2V2(!C#0+NK-2#K&'()#$
#=2MCD!#7#$#+L@#B+R&&R*
#R-1C+"&!1#(PN@"RFC<!Q!=
#DL:+,R 8!."##%N" !2B2#
.*C+#&'()+/"9&VC=%S>CZ.
B#H[=#'[+/"9[="#'\-052+#14D
4=#!C#7"- !@&A89:L3"<!H+@4"+&04>*
]2#*4-0#UG+C-#<(MX$89:!C<+L<
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

F@T#&.+#M7 (789:+/"bGF
4O#D+#<!M-0L@#B
7&1 B#H[=#'[&0##T["#'[M#D#VC+9

#UGF-'-!2,"&!1#%2#'V#.Z.B#H["#'[+
9GF("#D##M+#T#*4+289:-0
!:(7G !CB+-10#cN!NXB2d.!C<+@#
#T[=#'[-0["#'[#ND+L<4O##M+5!G#
V#D>M2+F##TVC6&0FL"N"2!40
"#D&M#7#'()>?%B7'2-'-0 !C5&MB24$
%]4%!#<4-5"&!1#]c495#0^etìm hiểu
về vấn đề thực hiện pháp luật, vi phạm pháp luật và trách nhiệm pháp lý\%&04
L0#%!&!14"&!1#"&!1#H
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

NỘI DUNG
I. Những nét khái quát về pháp luật
1. Khái niệm
"&!1#&0#7" !C#W8)(M+&0?5!6" !289
:>/0.L20+#%AB22VQ4 !C5-0R#M
L3"L"fDB2/0.
I$#"N#Dg89:5!G4:#N%!/0.-04:#N%!"&!1#
#H='()89:&09G"N%!"&!1#B+"&!1#
ND+"&!1##(@-0"&!1#89:Bh2"&!1#0#0
N@&0(@Y4#!Q#]CB2&A#2CL@##M<2VB2
#!CD#"&!1##M< !24"&!1#+"ij
ic*#+6"#(+##-0"##%#89:G2V+G
/0.kL@V#B2"&!1##%T#2VB2/0.!C
<+"&!1#b42#89:+LT-$T4=:V#'+G@#%
-0L@@4FC<!Q!!B289:-5-SG2+]&R+4#
(7lZ54O#0C+"&!1#89:Bh2G(M#7V#F2#2V
-0#89:
"&!1#K&04:#L:1 !2#B2V!#]#R#Q89:/G>
H(T#Q !CD#'+G#":#T&7 H(T#Q/D!"

&!1#@"]W" !C&!1#-1:-0"##%B289:+V#&0"
!C&!1#N#D#$"&!1#(PG#":#M7 "##%N#Dg89
:/R&+"&!1#(PN$494(M"##%G
c<+e4:#&!1#&04:#L"#'\&'()+LV#=
2VQ4 !C50b>M2-0"&!1#%#%-0#M#'
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

B22V4$"&!1##T#0$#=#%#1#!+#M#D
#'B22VQ4 !C5+&04:#?(WLd#% !C5&MB2/0
.#MFC<!Q!+4?+:>!#'B2G_G+/0
.0+"&!1#VC/F#!:#HL@B2"&!1#&0# !C4+
#fD+#N" !2+#/0.+##7-0#H7X
'
a Nguồn gốc của pháp luật
c#!CD#"g<+0.-0"&!1#&02#R&'()H
L@V#B2(7#'89:+&02L0G(71&'
()2!,8!V#+,##-0"##%-0,#<!-N*
&9#D#.Bh2:(@
/F!C<*>JD(M2B20.b&0F
!C<*&048!V#"&!1#^4:#&0(M"##%B25N#D#89
:!C<#BC#UI-,#VNd4+&1!-0D:(TF!!DI
>Q>QGB2@>#U2-08!V#D:D4F!#*m#F!n-5#
&!(@8!V#-0B2@&042k2&0+(M*G289:#0F#Q&.+
2VG&R7N"2!-04*!#!J2V+V!#22V"#
#%D4=N#%5!K2R
3. Bản chất của pháp luật
b7L@V#B20.+L@V#B2"&!1##%#.
D#T#2V2VB2"&!1#@"A0.B22
V#7#'#89:+:>!AGR !C'LT5!N(#
-1#V#B22V#7#'oB22V#7#'R?#%G2#

"-SL@"&!1#>H !20.G#Y4 !C5L202V
B2"&!1#K#%T4?5!6" !289:+"&!1#&0
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

CD!#75!6-54O#2V" !289:34'."
!289:"##%#c4:#4?#<!+4:##1##M,R AB22
V#7#'+L@--0B7'2-'B22V#7#'Z.Ah2G"
&!1#&0?#%(M#7#'B22V
;<#2V+N#%p"#'89:#&.B2"&!1#-$
#!:(700C""*-0#X=G47 !2 2!V#2
>R#% !2F0-8)(MN"2!q9:# !20
.1F"8)(MR&A+N" !2R(7V1,
R &RB2(7#89:+"8)(M0CR0.#%D
G2#0F !C4"&!1#E"#'89:B2"&!1#KR#%
TI4:# !C4"&!1#-U2&0#.B20--U2&0
?N%44" !"#$+"#R89:+&0?%1#=
89:-05!6" !"#$89:/02"&!1#KG#>*#:+
#4T
rNhững đặc điểm chung của pháp luật
!:#B2"&!1#&0F#V#+>V!!<L#O#B2
"&!1#
"&!1#G"#!:#(2!^
s !C4XLDm#LW#L!:!n^"&!1#G7#R5!
6:H" !C489:N"+"&!1#&&0N!4J!8)(M
"0-<GG#LW#L!: #V#@45!0C#<!&M
&.B2"&!1## !@&A89:" !C4"&!1#R">?
5!&Q#N2-0#2+#XLDB2"&!1#>M2#<A
B20. “được đề lên thành luật”+"&!1#&04A0CG#V#
B !C5>!CV##4:# !72
s8"'O#P-54O#$#=0(M#%:>!"&!1#

-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

#F$#=V#'+:>!B2"&!1#@R8"'t
0+O#P5!0C34L@@4!C<#W “bất cứ aiđược đặt vào những
điều kiện ấy cũng không thể làm khác được”./:>!B2"&!1#@R
!C't0+O#P+N" !"##"N@B245!&!1#+#"
5!&!1#+#4:#-SL@"&!1#-0#0L:#7"&!1#G!
/D!" !C4"&!1# !C'NB+Nt+N8"#$(P
#2FNPT(M!C< !C5+&4>?+F0--4"
&!1##24+&9+"l/-1C:>!B2"&!1#@R
L%!L3F"&!1#t0+8">.$#=V#'B2
"&!1#
sR@4L@L30.N" " !289:N""
&!1#>0.L20O#U21-$-1CR0.L@@4#M
+5!GGh2&00.9#2" !C4"&!1## !C5
&MLW#L!:7 4H !2+#X=-0>*"&!1#9#T#0 !C
#W8)(MG#LW#L!:!,C#c"4=:400.">?"
L"N"2!#X=+N!CDNN%@L"fDQ
#D#%@4L@"&!1#R#M]
5. vai trò của pháp luật trong xã hội
(789:+"&!1#G-2#KOL# !2#/G&0H
#N#%#D!L@@4(M##+-10L$#B289:G
!-0B25=G<"&!1#N6&04:#? !@&A
/0.F!!+40K#4##!1&R(M"##%B2A#=
=+&04&04"(789:-0GQLW<F"#'
4.
!7-1C+"&!1#@8"'t"!C<#W#X=-0#:+
b#Y4 !C5B2"H !20.-0B2#U"L:+=0
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a


.Z$#D+"&!1#2C!2/0.#2@&0HD !@&A4.+#U
#:&1"d#:0"-0#"
Z$-1C+0C2C"&!1#B2/0.#2N6LGpT=S
fD+#U#'405! !2#GK&0?.>J+N!CD
N+#]YC+5!6(M"##%B289:+OL##(M"##%B2
5N#DV#./G"N"+"&!1#K#4#" !2
N#D4."##%Z.Ah2G+"&!1#B2/0.#22CG-2
#K-, !2##-e"##%5N#D#'#'.89
:Bh2HV!N#d5!#0Q "$#=#X=(@8!V#+
N>22>>M2#<D:(TF!#1#%&05#@\m5!`uD
"`vvan%"=C<!Q!G+"&!1#@#<4:#4#"&A
#!1&R#:#M>N>2"##%#4>*G
5!H:N"2!%&04S+((7+N>2#c"&!1#+L@-"
!C5(TF!R"+"!#!#1R"O#N"+"&!1#b
#H(T%/0.G#%#MR-2#K5!05N#D
#'#+.G"##%#c"4?#<!9'+NW?+D
F4O##"-7GB25N#D#'#"&!1#b@&0?%
/0.N%4("#"#:N>2+#U#'40-N>2
"+#M(ML3#(@8!V#+*7
II. Tìm hiểu về vấn đề thực hiện pháp luật
1. Khái niệm
Thực hiện pháp luật là quá trình hoạt động có mục đích làm cho những quy
định của pháp luật đi vào cuộc sống, trở thành những hành vi hợp pháp của các
cá nhân, tổ chức.
Thực hiện pháp luật đối tượng là tất cả tổ chức và công dân có nghĩa vụ phải
thực hiện pháp luật. Cơ quan công quyền là người thực thi pháp luậ t ( Pháp chế),
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

Thực thi PL là thực hiện và thi hành pháp luật nó có mối liên hệ hữu cơ với nhau.
Có thi hành pháp luật nghiêm minh là mọi đối tượng điề u chỉnh của pháp luật

nếu vi phạm đều phải chịu sự chế tài của cơ quan có thẩm quyền. Thực hiện
pháp luật là đưa pháp luật đến với mọi công dân, công dân có nghĩa vụ chấp
hành luật pháp của nhà nước ban hành, các cơ quan tư pháp , hành pháp kể cả
lập pháp có trách nhiệm tuyên truyền và thực thi pháp luật, xét xử người vi
phạm đúng đối tượng, đúng luật định.
2. Các hình thức thực hiện pháp luật^
"$#=#M"&!1#&0^#!*#B"&!1#+#0"&!1#+()
>?"&!1#+">?"&!1#
g!*#B"&!1#&04:#$#=#M"&!1#+#GB#%"
&!1#N54DN#D0F#:40"&!1#SV4Z>^N
L!L"V#42#]C
g0"&!1#&0$#=#M"&!1#+#GB#%"&!1#
@#MF0-V#'34#0"h2-?"&AB2
4$L30:#M->^N>2@Gh2-?G#!D
0.
gw)>?"&!1#+&0$#=#M"&!1##GB#%"&!1#
@#M !C5B#%B24$Z>^"L:G#Y4 !C5VV#(27
#RN"#Q@#M !C5ND!#7"%G#Y4
!C5VV#(2VC@#M]h2-?B2
gx>?"&!1#&0$#=#M"&!1#+#G0.#
!2"H !2G#Y4 !C5O0=#"#X="B#%"
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

&!1##MF !'B2"&!1#Z>^H !2G#Y4 !C52 !CD#
'8)#-407 B#%9G0--40

Tìm hiểu về vi phạm pháp luật
1. Định nghĩa
Z4"&!#&00-#""&!1#-0G&I+>B#%GS&M
#"4"&A#M+8*4D" !289:R"&!1#

L@-
2. Các dấu hiệu của vi phạm pháp luật
Z4"&!1#@&00-8"'B2+#=&08)(M#M
#D+?#%B2"*O#X=V#'+LT-$"&!1#RL20%
5!60-B2"B#%40N5!6(!ChB2"
9#UG^00-B2#2+#NK##7 "&!1#+N
@&07#RB2GZ$-1C+@S=-00-#M#DB2"B
#%4.G#%8"'R&0#M"&!1#2C-4"&!1#
0-8"'0CG#%R#ML30:m->?^8c4"C
-R#yzN#2422#nOL3N0:m->?^#7
#"h2-?:#!Dn
Z4"&!1#@&00-#""&!1#+#=&08)(M#" "C<!
Q!B2"&!1#0-0CR#%>."$#=(2!^
gB#%#MF0-L'"&!1#V4Z>?^8c4"C-0
R5!l
gB#%N#MFh2-?40"&!1#LW#L!:@#M
Z>?^#7#"h2-??>fL0+24pl
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

gB#%()>? !C5-R# !".dZ>?^#T#
L"V#4:#(7"*V#'l
Z4"&!1#@&00-B2B#%GS&M#"4"&A+
-$0-G#V##""&!1#B2B#%NGS&M#"
4"&A#$NL'&0-4"&!1#/S&M#"4"&A
B2B#%&0N@S40"&!1# !C'B#%@'!#"4
-50-B24$c !C'B2"&!1#+B#%&0"*(PGS
&M0CN#D4:#:#!XV#'-0##!"##%L$#G&0
:#!X40(M"##%-5#&M-0#%&M9dB#%1#=R
0-B24$-01! !@B20-G*C289:<@'!#"
4-50-B24$B#%&0#X=(PGN@S0CNR#0

&1OR1
Z4"&!1#@&00-G&IB2B#%+#=&0N#M0
-#""&!1#+B#%G#%1#=R0-B24$-01! !@B2
0-G+#5!N%R0-B24$/-1C+6F0
-#""&!1#40G&IB2B#%#$4.L'&0-4"&!1#K
##RB#%#M4:#8)(MG#V##""&!1#B
#%N1#=R0-B24$-01! !@B20-G*C2
89:O1#=R0--01! !@B20-B24$N
5!N%R0-B24$#$NL'&0G&I-0N@&0-
4"&!1#
Z4"&!1#&00-8*4#." !289:R"&!1#L@
-, #=&0&04LD>"8)(M&0:>!B2 !2"&!1#G
3. Các loại vi phạm pháp luật
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

Z4"&!1#G#%R*&#c5!"N"2!>M2-0
"#<!*&N"2!Z>?+D!S=-07#R-0H"
5!6B2"&!1##
{
G#%2-4"&!1##0"&#H=
"0&!1#-4"&!1#$(M+-4"&!1#>*(Ml
N2"&AZ#/24XLD&0"*&-4"&!1#
S=-0#V#-04=:!C%489:B2-4"&!1#c
#<!0C+-4"&!1#R2#0"&(2!^
- Vi phạm pháp luật hình sự hay còn gọi là tội phạm: c"&!1#$(M
B2Z#/24#$#:4&00-!C%489:R !C'#
;:&!1#$(M+>GS&M#"4$(M#M4:#"7A
O-A+8*44:&1+B !C5+#7V#+#0-p&9#XX !7+
8*44D:#'+D:N#D+5-S"+ !7K+2+#1#
#M+2#089:+ !C5+&RR"B2#X=+8*44#4+(=

N|+>2>M+*Y4+#M>+#0(@+" !C5+&RR"N"B2
>*+8*44F&h-MN"B2#1##M"&!1#q/
- Vi phạm hành chính^c"&!1#-58)&A-40B2Z#
/24#$-40&00-G&IB2B#%GS&M#"4
0#" " !C'B2"&!1#-5 !@&A0.40N@
&0#:4O#" " !C'B2"&!1#-52+#1##M+2#089
:2D4=@#!C=!#"4$(M-0#c !C'B2
"&!1#@L'8)&A0
- Vi phạm dân sự: &00-#""&!1#-0G&IB2B#%GS&M
#"4>*(M8*4#." !2#0(@-0" !2*#*#0
(@
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

- Vi phạm kỷ luật: &00-G&IB2B#%#" " !CD+ !C#W
8"&1#1##M#:L:H !2+#X=+#=&0N#M]N}&!1#
&2:+#1+#"O?-?R52#:L:H !2+#X=
G
- Vi phạm Hiến pháp^&00-G&IB2B#%GS&M#"4D
"#" " !C'B2D"
IV. Tìm hiểu về trách nhiệm pháp lý
F00C+G#.e#"4\&0G#.LX1B24:#
4090#0K#&h-M"&A+#!1#Fe#"4\
G#%R%!#c5!h2
Thứ nhất+#"4&0-B#%@#MFh2-?"&A
R51D#Q !C'B2 !C4"&!1#Z>?^~@a
5!`rr!1#V#2S4a••€ !C'^eTrong thời hạn không quá 15 ngày
làm việc, kể từ ngày nhận được đơn kiến nghị, Chủ tịch Uỷ ban nhân dân hoặc thủ
trưởng cơ quan quản lý đất đai quy định tại Khoản 1 Điều này có trách nhiệm xem
xét, giải quyết và thông báo cho người có kiến nghị biết\
Thứ hai+#"4&0-B#%@#M4:#4&?#%B2

H !2+#X=O"*G#Y4 !C5
Thứ ba+#"4&0-B#%@"'!F1! !@"&ALV#
&RR !C'#QD#0B2" !C4"&!1#B#%@
"'!#"4"&A#ch20CN-4"&!1#ONG
##8@C2>F!C<*N"R"&!1# !C';00C(P5
1D#"4"&A#ch20C
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

Phân loại trách nhiệm pháp lý
_M2-0#V#B2#"4"&AG#%2]#0"&(2!^
g"4$(M^&0#"4B24:#9#M4:##:4+
@'!4:#L"fD0.&0$#-$-4#:B2
$#0C>#0" !CD#'#<H(TB2&!1#$+G#%(M&<"+
(M#U#B20.7 4#:-0&04:##FL
"%L@@4"&!1#R#M<46*C&0&#"
4"&A<4NWV#
g"40^&0#"4B24:#H !2+#X=O"
*9#M4:#-40+@"'!4:#L"f
D0#!•#c4=:-4B2;"fD0C>4:#
H !2+#X=O"*G#Y4 !C5 !CD#'#<H(T"&!1#-58)
&A-40
g"4>*(M&0#"4B24:#B#%@"'!FL
"fD0.V#'N8*44D#4+(=N|+>2
>M+*Y4+!C#+#M>+#0(@+" !C5-0&RR"B2B#%
N"ON-4h2-?>*(M7 L<G !C5;"fD
XLDNy4#"40C&0L###
g"4N}&!1#&0#"4B24:#B#%m"*O#1#%n9
-4N}&!1#&2:+#1+#"O?-?R52#:L:
H !2+#X=-0@'!4:#$#=N}N!1#V#'#c !C'B2
"&!1#

-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

g"4-1#V#^"4-1#V#&0#"440&2:
@"'!N*C2###0(@B2>2m&04z
O&044V#>??+#D#L'+"#0(@N">>2+2O
#<!2-1## !"'4=dnO=@"'!-$#N
#0-?*C2###0(@B20.OB2B#%N"
/&2:O=@L#4:#QO#0L:##
#c#"#'#-0G#%RL#L3"#U>Q-0&H
0#"
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

~‚ƒ/
!:X4.V#.2C+-#S-2#KB2"
&!1#RO#24:##V#CD!N" !25!GN6344?
8*C>M4:#89:G#1##M+N}H+-S4+40K.DL@--0
"##%""#'*+#GGA#==. EF2=-0"
&!1#&!G47 !2 !2&+#":#HI&J2!%*2-2#K
-0"##%A#==+0"L"#MN"+#$N#%#D!
-2#KB2"&!1#-0A#=" !C%"&!1#0O#P+0QCB
-0R#0<46#$=0R52+N@S5!6
-0">?B2=0R4T:-0@T4:#"#0>+#
MD40-+447 !2F2 +F2
 89:
89:NK7N"2V+/0.&0
*>*&2:<+#:B2/0.-0#7"&!1##M#*
9L204#GAh2=<H>&A&!1b#M
#„+"&!1#&!G-2#KL@-""#'*+L@-" !C5&R
"B2+#+#5!N"#!CF
S&M#M#„B24$Z#M#"&!1#bh2 -@4

L@#<#M#D" !C5#<&<B2+(M##""#'89
::##7"&!1#06+#%]WA-0!C-
B2(7+,R 8!#D-1:B2&'()(PGQ#]YC(M"#
#%-0#DL:89:_G+"&!1#bG-2#K-, !2#
#-L@-5=B289:G#%G+"&!1#&0H#
N#%#D!R(M##"L$#B289:G!-05
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

=G<;T&P+["&!1#L2b&04:##FL"%
N…'4:#!Y4M=-0LDG#0#G !c!Y4M0
NGN…'L2<!#$-2#KB2"&!1#0 !2#LVC<!Z$
-1C+N#%L!&z"&!1#D!-0C2R!YL'L3(M#D
L:=B289:[
;0#%!&!1]]#2%!#<4-5" !C4"&!1##UGLD#
#"F0:R&&RB2:04:#(-<]
#2Q@(7-0&04-#cD"-0"&!1#
]c48*#0@4H/!C„ 'w"!9#1#$]f
]c40#0L0#%!&!10C
Xin chân thành cảm ơn !
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

Ý KIẾN NHẬN XÉT CỦA GVHD
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU …………………………………………………………… 1
NỘI DUNG …………………………………………………………… 3
I. /Fd#N" !"#-5"&!1#lllllllllllll €
II. $4%!-5#M"&!1#lllllllllllll†
III. $4%!-5-4"&!1# lllllllllllllv
IV. $4%!-5#"4"&A lllllllllllll`a
KẾT LUẬN …………………………………………………… 15
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1.Giáo trình pháp luật đại cương
2.Trang web tailieu.vn
3.Diễn đàn sinh viên trường đại học luật Hà Nội
4.Luật Hoàng Gia
-0#<^0F!!.^__`a