nghiên cứu, thiết kế trạm bảo dưỡng, sửa chữa ở các công ty vận tải hành khách tại hà nội

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU

 !"#$%&'()&&*+),%-
./0,1
*+)!23456*.75
!"#89.:;542#,+<
=>"2*+5+=4?;5@!256
6).+#$%&)57#89!22*
.+!0)A5+7
B6!21(.*);5C!-6%0
D#B&&(8%!E4#$15,
!B!F
G!263C5&??0)H4* “Nghiên cứu,
Thiết kế trạm bảo dưỡng, sửa chữa ô tô ở các công ty vận tải hành khách
tại Hà Nội”I.C)J/0K43D#B&
J/H*#-86)#,%D(8#L
M!DNLO-I??#$%&7
M!DPLO-!D)+)(8%!E4#$
M!DQLG56I(R
M!DSLM6
M!DTLU+)4+<=
N
Chương 1
PHÂN TÍCH ĐẶC ĐIỂM TÌNH HÌNH SỬ DỤNG XE
1.1. Tổ chức biên chế của công ty vận tải Hà Nội
G'6=8V!"'W7?
G'M6%60C!.=XM6YZM6
[GH'6=8V16Y0)
05+%?056*/
&#BI'43H,60
G'6#+!".=="-6%0!"

\%53.3+)#L
]MD0L
Z^5(JV
Z^5(JN_ZN_
Z^5(JGA`
Z^575V
Z^5GV
Z^57+V
Z^5+%'"V
Z^5GabaGcVd)
ZG-G-U
ZG-!D%&
]MD.=!6'?W#B
ZM68.J()7V
ZM6+e7V
]M6'C
ZM6'C;=8f&HV
ZM6'C^7+V
P
ZM6'C-6%0V
ZM6'C^A%C9,V
ZM6'CUHV
]M6.3%.3+)
ZM6.3%GabaGcGMV
ZM6.3%gcdhicVcajO`ckc
ZM6GVVl8;m
Tổ chức công ty
G3%5L  G'6=8V
G3%L  V#ng77#
G3):L G#7

G&#B%L g,T`3GGZVd)ZV
;A1L g,QP6KMGWZVoG!ZV
SƠ ĐỒ TỔ CHỨC TỔNG CÔNG TY
Q
Hình 1.1:
Sơ đồ tổ chức tổng công ty vận tải Hà Nội
Ngành nghề kinh doanh
• d%./0=84D+4-6%0%
&CL;=8+(R7(J4
4=8.3F4=8H4.J4-6%0
?4%&Cp
• UC!,%5+
• M*+%+.=+9
• G-6%064).!"=8
,V7!2).!"
+),Vq
• ^-6%0+)%4A*#8
9+%GicgriMaq
• 3W4*9)#*=8+
?hof,V3%65q
• `=48.J'W05%0C!=8
+%G,q
• `=48.J'W+05%0C!-6%0
C+<=&&=8+XC4
,4%se464t4p[4()74()64
7qUC!48.J4+e4%s4
t7(J%HG,q
S
G7G'M6;=8VXG#7[45G#7
0)8.J4=T_uv_6)7(J,GsAP__P

)AP__QG'M6Hv__74sAP__Q)AP__T#,.!"
7A.3Dw__)R-9.!"%&7(J46
PxuNu_wG#7..K)=T_7(J5GV6%
sM6MOG!tV8U-6..7+H#WWw_
!tW!"3y+829&!t(;5
G0.04(3)(+<=7G'6=8V
96G'6!"(3)*.7!*H?+<
=,45#,+<=-6.*+5=."'6
5&
1.2. Phân tích cường độ sử dụng xe của công ty
1.2.1. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình sử dụng xe
G6),#$%&76(+<=H9*6),8
!B+6),%!t59
)4*.5+<=1z)6),8
!B#L
a- Ảnh hưởng của độ ẩm không khí:
;5.!2>+=52y4?=6++H
y.2#{-0%CE|I.99(D
VD!23=.5+!e4#4%4(p-63
9,.6'D.J=.5!(*+z4%%4
}4.!"Uy6?.H=.5H
Uy.2.D!2.(*I.5,
z4-6148')
b- Ảnh hưởng của điều kiện nhiệt độ:
d5t?5#9.D&
6!.6"4#,4C74(=7p#{(89*%~)
T
#9D45#96*.0&84.!"3
3.54%CE(DA.3+8A.85
.)(R=.5#!A.,4(•4%-6(

H
c- Ảnh hưởng của điều kiện đường xá:
d7*+5!t(&(y*4(&#{(.3
(*I)4}tH+8A,(*I.5
+2%~*+4'(4(*I/#.6D4%8
,.8+8A.5')4
A!t1)
d7*+5!t9!L!tH9
.24D.C6*49.*+5}€4#{%~)+8A
784D45,6*.0(=74=.3
&.5*+5I4#{8!B.2)9.!"4
=6.5\!A'&4D945
,7
1.2.2. Cường độ sử dụng xe của công ty
G7(29gBlG;G4s+(VB4
(?-e63(VHN_T__.!"7(J4
=63N4N5+u64ANw•#2>+•A
P__‚APv4T•#2t!2+Bi3G'6
;=8V4HT_6)(J2x___.!"7=6(?-
+8CN5+u6[G)564=8
+(R7(J=6CN4NP5+
X3+.!t63(Rz9s!2)6
.3PN‚_P_!tuAPS•#2!2+VBV5
#,#$%&)7(?-5sN4TZP.C
v
G'#,v_6)HNN6)(JH.
?&&)+0VBXHG'6;=8H
N_6)[Lg8.!"+3NN6)6A9XA3
Nx4w•#2>+•AP__‚APw4P•#2!2Nuw[UI(5
6)H.?s-V)=VUA9

f'6=8V}9*6e
66.HW#$%&79+3!t#$
%&7'6#{9W@-6G-G-U.
33(9G'6!t#$%&74?
G-G-UH#,.!"7)ƒ.5+.2G'
6!t#$%&7-!D,'4+6'
*A
TRUNG TÂM TÂN ĐẠT
Thông tin chung về công ty
G-G-U„G'M6;=8V
UFLNPS^-G6„MCl96„V
Ngành nghề kinh doanh, sản phẩm dịch vụL
G7#,.5,+3AP__TG-G-UHNT_7.4
AP__vHP__)4)AP__‚A.3PT_)V564
G-G-U=8+.3F6)V
„GOVM…2C#9_Q6)u6M6)763?
6 *.  . 7t2 V6% g7ST eq  z  }
TN____uVdX(}(A4!2,3#,?[M
6)7+Bso^loZV.€NN4NQNvqGo^
…*UZGOVM….€NNN‚P_
G-G-U1HN6)7.3F6)`!D
b3XV[ZGoXV8O1[2C#9P_ZPT€u6)!"
+!DN‚u_TuP__T2Nw7.w_e_T6)(J+)
‚
=X6)P_PLo^`!Db3Zo^V8f!D(:Cs
Q_uN_uP__TqG6)P_QLo^`!Db3Zo^o:ls_TuNNuP__Tq
G6)P_‚Lo^loZGG;AlsNSu_NuP__vqG6)P_TLo^
`!Db3Zo^V!b3G6)P_xLo)7loZo^V!b3
!"BsNxu_wuP__T[2C#9NTZP_€u6)
;5#$%&76!"%6?7+)&4>

"2??(88(4(88+<=4+)5&
6*C.!t%-(88#
MAW+)3%53.=+)
#$%&7,+3#,+#$%&BA
G7#,.5,+3G-G-U4!t#$%&7
-BAP__T4P__v4P__‚!"FB(8NN
Cường độ sử dụng xe của Trung tâm Tân Đạt
Bảng 1.1
MF
3
G
g,.C#$%&7

g,+#$%&7
X+[
g,6#$%&
7
P__T P__v P__‚ P__T P__v P__‚ P__T P__v P__‚
_N PTS_ QSQ_
SNP_ NTP__
_
PTw__
_
Q_x__
_
PT Pv P‚
_P PSQ_ QPx_
Qxv_ NSv__
_
PTN__

_
Px‚__
_
PS PT PT
_Q PPT_ QNv_
Q‚P_ NQT__
_
PNP__
_
P‚x__
_
PS PT Pv
_S PQv_ P‚w_
QQS_ NSP__
_
P_S__
_
PSx__
_
PQ PS PT
_T PvN_ Px‚_
QT‚_ N‚x__
_
PQN__
_
Pvw__
_
PS PT PS
_v Pv‚_ QNx_
QwQ_ Nw‚__

_
PSx__
_
Pw‚__
_
PT Pv PT
_‚ P‚N_ QTP_ SPS_ NxN__ PvT__ QNw__ Pv P‚ P‚
w
_ _ _
_w P‚x_ QQw_
S_T_ NxT__
_
PTT__
_
Q_S__
_
PT Pv Pv
_x Pvw_ QNS_
Q‚w_ Nwx__
_
PSv__
_
PwQ__
_
PT PS PT
N_ P‚S_ PxQ_
QSx_ NxP__
_
PNx__
_

PvP__
_
PS PT PS
NN PwT_ Q_P_
QNQ_ P_N__
_
PP‚__
_
PQT__
_
PT Pv Pv
NP PxN_ QPN_
QvN_ P_S__
_
PSN__
_
P‚N__
_
Pv Pv P‚
Gs+)#$%&7G-G-UAP__T4
P__v4P__‚-6%0!"(}!t#$%&7!#L
Hình 1.2: Biểu đồ cường độ sử dụng xe
của Trung tâm Tân Đạt năm 2005, 2006, 2007
†0)#$%&7AP__T4P__v4P__‚G-96
RLA!t#$%&7!D,}*4!t#$%&
x
gX?+[
G
_N
_P _Q

_S
_T
_v
_‚
_w _x
N_ NN
NP
N__
_
P__T
P__v
P__‚
P__
Q__
T_
NT_
PT_
QT_
NTP
PTw
Q_x
NSv
PTN
Px‚
NQT
PNP
P‚x
PSx
P_S
N‚x

PQN
NSP
Pvw
PSx
Nw‚
Pw‚
PvT
NxN
QNw
Q_S
PTT
PwQ
PSv
NxT
Nwx
PNx
PvP
NxP
PP‚
PQT
P_N
P_S
PSN
P‚N
7A=!24#G)63‡UH
.C.Af!t#$%&7
6A3&64(=7#*!|
?=6#,.C(884(8%!E4#$\A.3#2
A
Chương 2

PHÂN TÍCH CHỌN PHƯƠNG ÁN THIẾT KẾ TRẠM
BẢO DƯỠNG - SỬA CHỮA
2.1. Các yêu cầu đối với trạm bảo dưỡng sửa chữa
G(8%!E#$.D05#$Z(8
%!E+<=7+)+:&!|7;?=663C
D(8,2(8%!E4#$.L
o8%!E4#$H4+t€+)48(8
€63C+<=
MH#9.24W!"63C(88!t
.4166
U0563C3(8%!EZ#$8!"
(C6!D54)(&&?(8%!E4#$
4I(5.)(63%>4-6%0#,C(8%!E4#$
O8(3)"763C54#:I
)(".J4€4>"26?5(8%!EZ#$
4'W,?(8%!E4#$76
N_
2.2. Phân tích chọn phương án thiết kế trạm
VmC(8%!E4#$46
-6%0!"5,(8%!EZ#$RWC
0)*(8%!EZ#$7
;5))+)-6%0(8%!EZ#$89
s5&(8%!E(88#,+<=74I
??D6.5+8A6U!D
)+)I(R(8%!EZ#$".J6-98
!DH#$%&43D#BH#{!D,!9MH
Q!DD(8)+)(8%!EZ#$4H.L
ZG)+)7~L!D66)%0(8%!EZ
#$5H)+)
ZG)+)8)('L.!D%0H

!!F)+)5D>"2??0
)63C+<=I
ZG)+)2
UW63C(8%!EZ#$8%&
!D)+)2(
G()B(8%!EZ#$4985(8%!EZ
#$*!"053C(8%!E;5(8%!EZ#$
3CH!")(R!DL!D
CA!DC%-66*
]O!DCAL
;2!D6985(8%!EZ#$!"
053C4+H#0%67#,t
(8%!EZ#$G98!D54)(4%&&!"(,
C
NN
M)(63%>sH?!"!27W0
94>"2963C5;2!D6
C(8%!EZ#$H!"(,7!D
#L
Zo,!?PNC(8%!E*.C&47(8
%!E7$4!D6H!!"#L
ˆLG)((,sQC(8%!EZ#$*
>!"51(8%!E41#$(,
1(8%!E#0-,4*+5(,
1(8%!E".J9
!"LGH)#031(8%!E
+H+AW;?+HC3!7CI*
+H+A4I(5.7+0D!"U*68!B)
A#9.+8A
Zo,!?PN(L`!D98C(8%!E*.

C477*4!D6H!!"#L
ˆLfK%7(8%!EZ#$=5+!
7)6C4H)#03,
!"LMC(8%!E+<=)*%54(,
(=)(+!".34t4
-6+H+A#$%&48.J5(=
?(8%!EZ#$
Zo,!?PNL`!D+)"!D34!D
6!"%&+#,C(8%!EZ#$.2DC
H=%&!"!!D34}t+:&
!"!"D(8€
NP
XN[
XQ[
XP[
XP[
XP[
XN[
XQ[
XP[
XP[ XP[
XQ[
XN[
XQ[
XP[
XP[
XP[
XQ[
PN
PN(

NQ
XQ[
XN[
XP[
XP[ XP[
PN
Hình 2.1: Một số phương án bố trí trạm theo phương pháp cầu vạn năng
PZNZO!D(,C&q
PN(ZO!D(,Cq
PZNZO!D+)"q
XN[ZO1(8%!Eq
XP[ZMC(8%!Eq
XQ[ZM1#$q
]O!D%-66*L
;2!D6(+,.!"5(8%!EZ#$
!")3#,C…eC055
9M7(8%!EZ#$7!D69)
8%6sCW92C,>
gD}(,(8%!EZ#$7!D%-66*!"
53?PP
Hình 2.2: Phương án bố trí trạm theo phương pháp dây chuyền
XN[ZO1(8%!Eq
XP[ZMC(8%!Eq
XQ[ZM1#$q
NS
G7!D6505BeC7s
%98(88?#89.3&H5/
.LGt)53eC7+•+6
'G30)B(8%!EZ#$|*69+H
!"4+8tH.%.24?H&

?+<=7+!(8%!EZ#$!
=6)%>!D6??(8%!EZ#$)
+.3&49t%s7 4!D6F
>"2D#$.2X645p[
†-B3(,!?PNX!D
CA+)"8C&C[.!D(,?
H".JD8
G!")+)}+(8%!EHC(8%!E(,
.(=C)&&?(8%!EZ#$
f%5D(8#9|3(=>9#{
!"(,+0
U86)!"5&&?(8%!EZ
#$4!"(!D54)(%&
&C)4€!"(,>"2?5(8%!EZ
#$;5(,!=6(8854}t
(88+8AH4)#03,49.+0(8
%!E+<=
NT
Chương 3:
TÍNH TOÁN CÔNG NGHỆ
VÀ QUY HOẠCH MẶT BẰNG TRẠM
3.1. Tính toán công nghệ
3.1.1. Phân tích cấu trúc trạm
G(8%!EZ#$%>)(8%!E+<=9
_N9_P4#$|563*(8
%!EZ#$
G}1(8%!E41#$63>
1&&#'W4*#89G98(=
H!"(,1
a- Phòng bảo dưỡng kỹ thuật.

U-6.D)(8%!E741!"(,C(8
%!E
g,.!"C&#,.!"74!t#$%&7
6MC}P.LC&CG1(,)(
63%>4&&(8%!E!)4$(C.4
Nv
)(40%&&4+-6pg,.!"
(*!"FF4C6
b- Các phòng sửa chữa:
l}HL
ZO1q
ZO154D4‡41q
ZO1#$)(5q
ZO1#$|>7q
ZO1*F4#$5,3.5q
ZO1#$4(88(?5
M(=&&(}L
ZO1q
ZO154+%&&=!
U8(8#-C(,1+L
1$6416C415#$I$.2
X8[Hy6Gs1(8%!EH$|#
1#$
G1(8%!EH.:5,H%~+8
7\!+8(1
3.1.2. Tính toán nhu cầu bảo dưỡng, sửa chữa.
3.1.2.1. Các phương pháp tính:
;5C(8%!EZ#$H!")(R
P!DL
a- Phương pháp thứ nhất:^C(8%!EZ#$7

+)#$%&76O!D6I*+H
+A4%+)#$%&766(6'%()
!t;?=676#{+|!"
N‚
2##,z4!D6F%&6|I
6H77+)'
b- Phương pháp thứ hai:^C(8%!EZ#$7
!t#$%&7(?
oR!D6#{(88)+)".J4#{H+8A
(88+7H!t#$%&4}t
~(88+.#9)(
f=6#$%&!DWC(8%!EZ#$
76.>"8*.J6)0)DD#B
3.1.2.2. Tính toán số xe vào bảo dưỡng - sửa chữa theo cường độ sử dụng
trung bình.
G7.5‰PŠ#,.!"7#$%&(?6
7WL

(
‹

∑
∑
n
N
sd

‰7u6ŠXQZN[
GHL


(
Zg,7#$%&(?6‰7u6Š
∑
sd
N
ZG'#,7#,6‰7Š
∑
n
ZG'#,6#$%&7t‰6Š
Gs+)#$%&767+),+3
B(8XNN[_N_‚AP__‚.H
!t#$%&+.2!=6#{>"20)5
+8A6#6GsHH!"#,.5
#L
ZG'#,.C#$%&7tL
∑
sd
N
‹SNP_ŒSPS_‹wQv_‰7Š
Nw
Zg,6#$%&7tL
∑
n
‹P‚ŒP‚‹TS‰6Š
ZG'#,+76tL
∑
S
‹Q_x___ŒQNw___‹vP‚___‰+Š
G63WXQZN[HL


(
‹
TS
wQv_
‹NTS4w‰7u6Š
`96
(
‹NTT‰7u6Š
g,6#$%&7(?7.5‰PŠ!"
(RW#L

(
‹
M
n
∑
‰6uŠXQZP[
GHL
∑
n
ZG'#,6#$%&7t‰6Š
…Zg,4B-6…‹P

(
‹
P
TS
‹P‚‰6uŠ
g,+(?e76.C97!"
W#L

g
(
‹
∑
∑
sd
N
S
‰+u7ŠXQZQ[
GHL
∑
S
ZG'#,+#$%&76‰+Šq
∑
sd
N
ZG'76‰7Šq
g
(
‹
wQv_
vP‚___
‹‚T‰+u7Š
3.1.2.3. Tính toán số lượng xe vào trạm bảo dưỡng - sửa chữa.
Nx
;5#,.!"7(8%!EZ#$(?
!"%03D#B!t#$%&7(?
g,.!"7(8%!E+<=9P(?47.5‰PŠ
!"(W#L


ofZP
‹
P

−BD
tbtbtb
L
nSN
‰7uŠXQZS[
GHL

ofZP
Zg,7(8%!E+<-9PN‰7uŠq

(
Zg,.C#$%&7(?N6‰7u6Šq

(
Zg,6#$%&7(?N‰6uŠq
g
(
Zg,+(?e76.C97‰+u7Šq
`
ofZP
ZM+•(8%!E+<=9P‰+Šq
M+•t(8%!E9.7!",+3B
(8QN7.5‰QŠ
Bảng 3.1
M9(8%!E UW#$%&‰+Š Gt(8%!EX[
o8%!E9N PS__

÷
S___ S
÷
v
o8%!E9P xv__
÷
Nv___ N_
÷
NP
!CB34#,.!"7#$%&(?
6.NTT7
GHL

(
‹NTT‰7u6Šq
g
(
‹‚T‰+u7Šq

(
‹P‚‰6uŠq
`
ofZP
‹Nv___‰+Šq
G6WXQZS[HL

ofZP
‹
Nv___
P‚‚TNTT

‹Nx4v‰7uŠ
P_
ML
ofZP
‹P_‰7uŠ
G#,.C7(8%!E9N(?47
.5‰PŠ4!"7W

ofZN
‹
N

−BD
tbtbtb
L
nSN
Z
ofZP
‰7uŠXQZT[
GHL

ofZN
Zg,7(8%!E+<=9N‰7uŠq
`
ofZN
ZM+•(8%!E+<=9N‰+Šq
GHL

(
‹NTT


‰7u6Šq
g
(
‹‚T‰+u7Šq

(
‹P‚‰6uŠq
`
ofZN
‹S___‰+Š7(8XQN[
G6WXQZT[HL

ofZN
‹
S___
P‚‚TNTT
ZP_‹Tw4T‰7uŠ
ML
ofZN
‹Tx‰7uŠ
3.1.3. Tính toán số lượng thợ làm việc trên các cầu bảo dưỡng.
a- Xác định số lượng thợ làm việc trên các cầu bảo dưỡng:
f0+,.!"5W4t(8%!EZ#$
4C(8%!EZ#$64#,.!"".
53C(8%!E7.5‰PŠ?#,.!""!"
7W#L
k
ofZN
‹

η

[X
•
NN
T
ttN
scbdBD
+
−
‰!tŠqXQZv[
k
ofZP
‹
η

[X
•
PP
T
ttN
scbdBD
+
−
‰!tŠqXQZ‚[
GHL
PN
k
ofZN
qk

ofZP
Zg,"(8%!EZ#$7(8%!EZ#$
9N9P‰!tŠq

(%ZN
q
(%ZP
 Zd,.!"5(8%!E+<=9N9P4
+)t('3.54%C4!2.‰!tZ
tu7Šq

•
sc
4
••
sc
Zd,.!"5C)+:&|H#$
|+)(8%!E9N9P‰!tZtu7Š
l
•
sc
4
••
sc
Z!"3D#B$.J#,.5,+3
!"!#L
G7.5‰PŠHL

•
sc

‹XN_
÷
P_[•
(%ZN
q

••
sc
‹X‚_
÷
N__[•
(%ZP
q
GZt.57C(8%!E
;=6H.96(?G‹‚T
÷
N__u7.5‰N4PŠ
η
ZV5#,#$%&t.5C(8%!E7.5
‰N4PŠH
η
‹_4‚
÷
_4w
Gs.5XQ[+)"20).96&!#L

(%ZN
‹N_‰!tZtu7Šq

(%ZP

‹P_‰!tZtu7Šq

•
sc
‹N_•
(%ZN
‹N4_‰!tZtu7Šq

••
sc
‹‚_•
(%ZP
‹NS4_‰!tZtu7Šq

ofZN
‹Tx‰7uŠq
ofZP
‹P_‰7uŠq
G‹x_uq
η
‹_4w7.5‰PŠq
G6WXQZv[XQZ‚[HL
k
ofZN
‹
w4_x_
[NN_XTx +
‹x4_Nqk
ofZN
‹x‰!tŠ

k
ofZP
‹
w4_x_
[NSP_XP_ +
‹x4SSqk
ofZP
‹x‰!tŠ
PP
;=6'#,-.51(8%!EZ#$
#{.L
∑
of
k
‹k
ofZN
Œk
ofZP
‰!tŠXQZw[
∑
of
k
‹xŒx‹Nw‰!tŠ
b- Chọn số lượng công nhân ở các bộ phận khác:
;5#,.!""(8%!EZ#$B(=+
!")%0D#B#L
ZC&&?(8%!EZ#$
Zd,.!"5&&#$
Zo3)(?+<=.7
f0D#B3,2(8%!EZ#$

6*+50);5H#,.!""B
(=+!B(8QP
Bảng 3.2
gGG `" g,.!"
_N
_P
_Q
_S
_T
_v
_‚
_w
_x
N_
NN
g$)(5
MD
VZ‡
g$#A.,
g$)(3.5
o8%!EZ#$
o8%!E4#$(?5
G+4,+3
G!B
GH
GH+<=
_S
_T
_T
_S

_T
Nw
_T
_N
_N
_N
_N
∑
T_
PQ
c- Chọn bậc thợ
;5(="(8%!EZ#$!")%0
Ld,.!"5(8%!EZ#$4WW
54.)(4+8A.5s."8>
"2??0)6
U,25(8%!EZ#$|+C"(=3
(="+C!"(=v
^90D#B3(="!(8QQ

Bảng 3.3
gGG `"
g,
.!"
o="
l€
_P _Q _S _T _v
_N g$)(5 _S _P _N _N
_P MD _T _P _P _N
_Q VZ‡ _T _P _N _N _N
_S g$5,3.5 _T _P _P _N

_T g$#A., _S _P _P
_v
o8%!E4#$
(?5
_T _P _P _N
_‚ o8%!EZ#$ Nw _T _S _S _Q _P
_w G+ _N M$-
_x G!B _N d<#!
N_ GH _N M$-
NN GH+<= _N d<#!
3.1.4 Tính toán số cầu bảo dưỡng - sửa chữa
g,C(8%!EZ#$!"3D#B#,.!"7
(8%!EZ#$tC)(8%!E+•H)
t#$|
G7.5‰PŠ#,.!"C(8%!E!"(RW#L
PS
M
ofZN
‹
η

[X
•
NN
RT
ttN
scbdBD
+
−−
‰CŠXQZx[

M
ofZP
‹
η

[X
••
PP
RT
ttN
scbdBD
+
−−
‰CŠXQZN_[
GHL
M
ofZN
4M
ofZP
Zg,.!"C(8%!E9N9P7‰CŠ

ofZN
4
ofZP
Zg,7(8%!E+<=9N9P
‰7uŠ

(%ZN

(%ZP

Zd,.!"5(8%!E+<=9N9P
‰!tZtu7Šq

•
sc
4
••
sc
Zd,.!"5C)+:&|H#$
|+)(8%!E9N9P‰!tZtu7Š
iZg,.!"-.53C(8%!E4!t
=."?4\!(883C+
!t4-6.4.85857.5‰PŠHL
i‹XP
÷
Q[!tuCqi‹Q‰!tuCŠq
GHL

ofZN
‹Tx‰7uŠq

ofZP
‹P_‰7uŠq

(%ZN
‹N_‰!tZtu7Šq

(%ZP
‹P_‰!tZtu7Šq
G7.5‰PŠHi‹Q!tuCqG‹x_uq

η
‹_4w
G6WXQZx[XQZN_[!"L
M
ofZN
‹
w4_Qx_
[NN_XTx +
‹Q4_N‰CŠ
M
ofZP
‹
w4_Qx_
[NSP_XP_ +
‹Q4NS‰CŠ
;=6'#,C(8%!E(8%!EZ#$#{.L
PT