Tải bản đầy đủ (.docx) (36 trang)

báo cáo thực tập trắc địa công trình

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (1.96 MB, 36 trang )




 
 
  !!"
# " $
%& '( )*
+,& "-" "/0/1-" "/
23&45678679: ";4<67.6=> "/


I.  !"#$%&'

1. ()*+,-./012,+-/3)4567-/()78-9
'?:@A67>B;CDE3F4G67H4I>J;KL67C9MDN67H4O:P6Q>M3R>ST/8
T 8TU8TV6G373WX M3R>C9T/Y9T$Z4[267H<H4 M3R>69:
F4[267"">8;D\67MD\67YE3MDN67H4O:P64]67$&4^HY^;_AH;3I`H4[
Y3aHM[YbK26MQMcX4d64;_e6H]6$
2. :)*+5;<=-/()78-9
GHMDfHMJ;;_e66P6Mg;;D\67MG3h6Mc64$TO<;_d64H4i6>GHMDfH;4AH
43a664DjXOMkO;3e6;X`423M9[4GH4i6>GH84GH4i6>GHj?OF4[267U(0
"H>8H43PO_B67lH43PO@93mU"lU"$XOMn;X`42373XHG6P6>n67_Q3Mh
Mk:Ke;i67MoMDfH;_B6;4p[;3eOH4Oq664g;Mc64Y9[4GH4i68@r67KX:Y9
K96l[X;][;4964>B;KP>J;Ke;i674d64YOi67HnMB@93H]64F4[267 sH>$
XOF43MoMhKe;i67l[67;X;3I64964MJ;>GHjt8>GHjt`423MDfHMJ;jX[
H4[>J;jtuMv67;?>HwX>J;Ke;i67Y964iCe6j[YE3>J;Ke;i67>B;
F4[267U0>>$OG3Hr67;X;3I64964743;e6>GHY9679:;4<67l?:@A67
>GH$
3eOMDfHC9>KL67G6764AX;h674f`&$ZxH4;4DEHHX[F4[267/>8
MDN67Fx64F4[267/8(y SH>V$3eOMDfHj\6 >9OMz;_{67lp6FbMR;=67


F426=6764|6K3I;HwXG67Fd64><:M[$Z43@A67;3eO`423H4v}MI6H<HYg6
MPjXO
~3eO@A67`423;4•67Mt67864DY|:€O<;_d64M[M]H>E3H4x64l<H$
~GH;3eO`423@A67Mv67;?>>GH$
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
3. ()*+,-41*>-9*[;g;H2H<H7nH67[J;HwXMDN67H4O:P6KL67><:
F364Y‚M3a6;ƒ$
0 <:F364Y‚M3a6;ƒMDfHHgO;][64D
4d64Yb
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
<:F364Y‚@r67MRM[7nHKL67
 <H@^67$
<:F364Y‚@r67MRM[7nHMQ67;4N3Hn;4R@r67MRM[@93Y9M[HX[$
 &4?6C[]3$
IOH43X;4p[MBH4x64l<H><:F364Y‚7Q>UC[]3><:F364Y‚HnMBH4x64l<H
HAHHX[8HX[8;_O67Kd64$
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
3MB67Mt67
c cân my
„67Fx64
…96MBMt67
Bn đ ngang
B phn đnh ;?>
*I><:
Vi đng ngang
IOH43X;4p[HgO;][><:F364Y‚7Q>UC[]3C9><:F364Y‚@OlxH48><:F364
Y‚€OX674†HY9><:F364Y‚M3a6;ƒ$

3a66X:67DN3;XMoH4I;][_X>B;C[]3><:F364Y‚M3a6;ƒY‡XM[7nHY‡XM[
F4[267H<H4KL67jn67M3a6;‡_g;43a6M]37†3C9><:;[96M]HM3a6;ƒ$
 <:F364Y‚;4i67;4DN677Q>KXKB`4|6H4x64C9KB`4|667{>8KB
`4|6M†HjGY9KB`4|6H?6><:@†3M3R>$
0…B`4|667{>C9G67Fx6486nH4O:R6MB67;_[67>J;`4•67;4•67Mt6764N
;_^H€OX:MJ;;_e673<Mˆ$
0…B`4|6M†HjG7Q>HnK96MBMt67K96MB67X67Y9G67M†HjG
0…B`4|6H43IOM3R>H?6><:7Q>HnG67;4O‰8GHH?6Y9€O2@†3$
7[93H<HKB`4?6H4x64;_e68><:F364Y‚H56HnH<HGH4o>8H<HG67Y3MB678
H4v67Hn;<H@^67M3POF43R6jAH4O:R6MB67HwXK96MBY9G67Fx64F43M[
67{>$
~„67Fx64
<H@^67HwXG67Fx64C9MR67{>H<HY|;MDfHlXY9H4x64l<H$
Q>HnFx64Y|;8Fx64>{;8@?:H4W;4|`Y9GHM3PO264$
?)*.@)/
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
KÝnh vËt
KÝnh m¾t
D©y ch÷ thËp
èc ®iÒu ¶nh
Zx64Y|;K3I6Y|;67{>;49642648Fx64>{;K3I6264HwXY|;67{>;49642642[
`4n67M]3$?:H4W;4|`@r67MR67{>MDfHH4x64l<H$„HM3PO264C9>_Š264
;_e6@?:H4W;4|`$
4DN67MR;_<64H<HF4O:I;;|;HwXFx64M\6;_e6H<H><:M[M]HFx64Y|;Y9
Fx64>{;;4DN67C9>KL67;4gOFx6474‹`$
0?:H4W;4|`C9>KL67>]6764a64[JHF4{H;_e6;g>Fx64$
OG667{>Y|;MDfHH4x64l<H`423M3POH4Œ64H4[264;4AHHwXY|;67{>6L>
;_e6>J;`4•67HwX@?:H4W;4|`€O<;_d64M3POH4Œ647Q>4X3KDEH
04X:Mh3F4[267H<H473WXFx64>{;Y9@?:H4W;4|`MR64d6_Š@?:H4W;4|`$

0'[X:GHM3POH4Œ64264MR64d6;4g:264;4AHHwXY|;67{>C9_Š64g;$
eOHkOMG3YE3G67Fx64C967{>MDfHlX8H4x64l<HY9_Š_967$
~„67;4O‰
„67;4w:H567†3C9G67;4=67KL67@r67MRMDXH<HMDN67;4•674X:>J;
`4•67HwX><:YPYc;_x6L>67X674X:;4•67Mt67$„67;4w:H43XC9>4X3C[]3
G67;4O‰;_56Y9G67;4O‰@93$
~„67;4w:@93
„67;4w:@93C9>B;G67;4w:;3648>J;;_[67HwXG67Hn@]67>B;HO67
;_56YE3K<6Fx64;‡ >‹;MI6 "">‹;$…e6;_[67G67;4w:H4tX>B;H4g;Cz67
HnMB64E;;4g`64DHQ64X:e;p•4g;Cz6769:F4i67H4tXMk:G67>9H4‡X
>B;F4[267F4i6773X664z7†3C9K†;6DEH$*3R>73WXHwXHO67;_56;_e6G67
;4O‰@937†3C9M3R>H4Oq6$*3R>69:F4i67M<64@gO>9F4{HY]H4MG3lt67
€OXM3R>Mn$
*DN67;4•67;3I`lvHYE3HO67;_56;]3M3R>H4Oq67†3C9;_^HG67;4w:@93$d
K†;6DEHCOi6H43I>Yc;_xHX[64g;;_[67G676e6F43M3R>73WXK†;6DEH;_r67
YE3M3R>H4Oq6;4dCvHMn;_^HG67;4=67KL67@936L>67X67$OG6K3I;K†;
6DEHHn;_r67YE3M3R>H4Oq64X:F4i67;4dH4ŒHk6lp>4X3MkOK†;6DEHHnu
4X3Y]H4MG3lt67YE3M3R>H4Oq64X:F4i67
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
Trôc èng thuû dµi
?)*+/ABCD5
Z4[264H<H473WX4X3Y]H4H43X;_e6G67;4w:;4DN67C9 >>$3<;_c7nH
u;?>t67YE3HO67;_56 >>Mn7†3C973<;_cF4[267H43XHwXG67;4w:4X:H56
7†3C9MB64]:HwXG67;4w:$
0„67;4w:;_56$
J;;_e6G67;4O‰;_56C9>J;HkO8HnK<6Fx64
;‡"8(0 >‹;$*3R>73WX"HwX>J;HkO7†3C9M3R>
H4Oq6$…<6Fx64M3€OXM3R>H4Oq6"HwX>J;HkO
7†3C9;_^HG67;4w:$Z43K†;6DEHuYc;_xM3R>

H4Oq6;4d;_^HG67;4w:uYc;_x;4•67Mt67$
0<H4M†HjG;_e6><:F364Y‚
~…B`4|6M†HjGH\4†H
…96MBHwX><:F364Y‚@OlxH4C9>B;Y964;_56KL67F3>C[]3HnF4{HjG;4p[
M\6YcMB4X:7_<;;4p[H43POF3>MQ674Q$Ž3MBC]3H43XC9> 8U84[JH1
F4[267KL6764XOHn73<;_cC9U"•8 "•8/(•4[JH/"•7†3C973<;_cF4[267H43XHwX
K96MB$4DY|:M†HjG;_e6K96MB;4dH4ŒHn;4RM†H;_AH;3I`MDfH;_cjG7nH
HnjGC•KL67KB3jGHwX73<;_cF4[267H43X;_e6K96MB$OG6M†H73<;_c64z
4\6`423@r67@OlxH4$gO;][64DjXO
%g:>B;HO67;_56;_e6Y964@OlxH4H43X;49646`4k6KL6764XO;D\67t67YE3
HO67;_56Mn;_e6K96MBH43X;496460/`4k6KL6764XO87†3C9CC973<;_c
F4[267H43XHwXK96MB8YC973<;_cF4[267H43XHwX@OlxH4;XHn
6$YmS60/V$C
Ym

 /−
C
†3;C973<;_cH4e64CaH473WXCY9Y
;mC0Y
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
T
rôc èng thuû trßn
;mC0




=
−/

;m


<H4M†HjG64DjXO
0=6HtY9[Y]64H4Oq6SY]H4"VHwX@OlxH4M†Hjn;_e6K96MBC9"$
0=6HtY9[Y]64;_r6764XO73WX@OlxH4Y9K96MBM†HjG;_e6@OlxH4$32jƒ
;_r6764XOuY]H4;4t3;XHnFI;€O2
m"~l
;_[67Mnl;x6464DjXO
l~3Ym3C
lm3SC0YVm3;
m"~3;$
_e64d64Ybm/U""U"•
~…B`4|6M†HjG€OX674†H$
…B`4|6M†HjG€OX674†HC9>B;4a;4G67C=67Fx648;4gOFx64Hn643a>Y^
`4n67M]3F4[267H43XK96MBCe6643POCk6$a;4G67C=67Fx64Y9;4gOFx647†3
C9Fx6443R6Y3M†HjG$
0Zx6443R6Y3HnY]H4H4Oq6M†HjG$
gO;][Zx64Y|;MDX264K96MBCe6CDE3H4Œ$Zx64>{;`4n67M]3CDE3H4ŒY9
264HwXK96MB$
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1

3
0
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
3
4
1
3
5
D
u

x
Ý
c
h

t
r
ß
n
0

1
3
1
1
3
4
5
1
3
5
6
1
1
3
2
1
3
3
4
3
2
D
u

x
Ý
c
h

t

r
ß
n
1
3
0
x
@)//56)E5->EF-/-/<G)43-28
<H4M†HH=6HtY9[Y]H4H4Oq6H4{6;_e6K96MBM†HjG;_e6K96MB$
0Zx6443R6Y3Hn;4X67`4^M†HjG$
*R6?67HX[MBH4x64l<H67DN3;X@r67;4X67`4^M†HjGHgO;][64DjXO;‡
Fx64Y|;HwXFx6443R6Y3M†HjG;X;][264;4|;CE64\6Y|;8MDX264;4|;Ce6>J;
`4•67HwX>]67CDE3H4Œ$=6HtY9[H43PO@93264HwXF4[267H43X64z64g;
HwXK96MB;XCg:KL67H43PO@93HwX;4X67`4^M†HjG$_e6H43PO@93;4X67`4^
M†HjG;XH43X_X6`4k6KL6764XOY9M<64jG[y6$Z43M†HjGH=6HtY9[Y]64
H43X;_e6K96MBH4{6u;4X67`4^>9M†HjG$&4k6H4‘6M†HuK96MB8C•M†Hu
;4X67`4^$
@)//56)E5->+/H)*I/J43-28
0Zx6443R6Y3M†HjGHnGH>3Hi>p;SKBM[HAH64z€OX674†HV$
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
87
88 89 90
V¹ch chuÈn ®äc sè
2
3
4
5
6
1 0

21
22
80
79
0
4
6
5 13
2
V
d64264HwX4X3Yr67K96MBMG3lt6764XOMDfHMDXCe6;_DN6767{>G67
Fx64HwXFx6443R6Y3M†HjG$4N;<H@^67HwXK26`4•67j[67j[67MDfH7{6
C3P6YE3GHHwXKBM[HAH64zMRF43YJ6GHKBM[HAH64z;4d264HwX4X36ƒX
Yr67K96MBM367DfHH43PO64XO$3<;_c@3H4O:R6HwX264K96MBMDfHl<H
Mc64;_e6GHHwXKBM[HAH64z
@)//56)E5->KL41-:-)/M
Phương php đo gc bng:

 /5N<45679
_DEH4I;>u73<KXH4?68@r67€O2@†3MJ;H4[;?>HwX><:Mv67YE3
;?>>GH8H4v}MRMkO73<KXH4?6;D\67MG36L>67X67$XOMn8MJ;><:Ce6
MkO73<Y9YJ6GH6G3><:Y9H4?6><:$OG3Hr67lp>MkO€O2@†3MoMv67YE3
;?>>GHH4DX86IOCaH4643PO`423@N373<KXH4?686IOCaH4x;H4ŒHk6YJ6C567
GH6G3Y9le@cH4><:;_e6MkO73<KXH4?6$43IOM3R>l[67H4v}YJ6H4J;GH
6G3$
 O)7,B9
OG6H4[K96MB67X67uYc;_x6L>67X67Hk6`423H?6><:$&4D\67
`4<`H?6><:64DjXO
TOX:><:jX[H4[G67;4w:@93j[67j[67YE34X3GHH?6$'[X:4X3GH
H?6MRK†;6DEHY9[73WX8jXOMn€OX:><:M3!"’l[X:GHH?6;4tUMDXK†;

6DEHY9[73WX$OG6H?6><:H4x64l<H`423C9>64D;4IY93Ck6$
 *P7-/<G)9
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
216
4
3
50
55
00
3
4
Sè ®äc phÇn ®é
Sè ®äc phÇn chôc phót Sè ®äc phÇn phót lÎ
V¹ch chuÈn
Sè ®äc phÇn gi©y
vµ lÎ cña gi©y
ChËp v¹ch
'[X:Fx64>{;MR64d6;4g:_Š@?:H4W;4|`8MDXG67Fx64YP67{>>^H
;3eO$%vHMkOMDXMkO_OQ3;_e6G67Fx64MR67{>j\KBjXOMnl[X:GHM3PO264
MR64d6264;4|;_Š8HOG3Hr67YJ6H4J;GH4o>><:C]38@r67GHY3MB67MR
67{>M3R>H4x64l<H$*3R>67{>H4x64l<HC973X[M3R>@?:H4W;4|`;_r67
Mv67>^H;3eO$
*RM[7nHKL67…8MJ;><:;]3;4t;A64DjXO
 QHRS)41+/<T).@)/9
…96MBMt67uKe6;_<3G67Fx64$GMc64K96MB67X678MDXG67Fx64
67{>H4x64l<HM3R>M†HMDfH;_cjG;_e6K96MB67X67C9X
/$
uGH4o>€OX:><:;4O|6H43POF3>MQ674QMDXG67Fx6467{>H4x64
l<HM3R>…M†HMDfH;_cjG;_e6K96MB67X67C9K

/8
;XHn
β
/
mK
/
)X
/
 QHRS)41401.@)/9
…96MBMt67uKe6`423G67Fx64$^HMxH4C9MRC[]3;_‡2644Du67HwX
jX3jG;_^H67{>Y9;_^H€OX:G67Fx64$
*2[G67Fx64€OX:><:/."’867{>M3R>…M†HMDfH;_cjGK

8>uGH
4o>€OX:><:;4O|6H43POF3>MQ674Q67{>M3R>M†HMDfH;_cjGX

8;XHn
β

mK

)X

4DY|:C9Mol[67>B;Ck6M[M\67326$_cjG7nH>B;Ck6M[M\67326C9
α = (α
1
+ α
2
)/2 = [(b
1

– a
1
) + (b
2
– a
2
)]/2
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67

…
H
U
X
/
K
/
K
U

4v}
0 _[67>B;Ck6M[F4i67MDfH;4X:Mh3Yc;_xK96MB67X67$
0 *R4]6H4IjX3jGM[F4{HY]H4;_e6MBF4i67MPO867DN3;XM[>B;jG
Ck68>Ž3Ck6M[;4d;4X:Mh3Yc;_xK96MB67X67HwX4DE6767{>;3eOC9
/."’-68;_[67Mn6C9jGCk6M[$
0 _[67jOG;€O<;_d64M[MPO€OX:><:;4O|6H43POF3>MQ674QjbC9>
732>jX3jG@[K96MBKcF‹[;4p[;_[67CvHM[$

4DN67<`@^67F43;_]>M[Hn643PO4DE67$32jƒ;]3M3R>M["Hn4DE678
…88$*J;><:F364Y“;]3";4t;A64DjXO

0ƒXCk6M[;4O|6Fx64HGMc64K96MB67X67€OX:><:;4O|6H43POF3>MQ67
4QCk6CDf;67{>H<HM3R>8…88_Q3€OX:C]367{>8>Ž34DE6767{>MPOM†HjG
;_e6K96MB$4DY|:4DE6767{>MDfHM†HjG4X3Ck686IO4X3jGM†H69:F4i67
H4e64CaH464XO€O<4]6jX3H4[`4‹`C9;;4dFI;€O2M[M];:eOHkO86IOF4i67`423
M[C]3$
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
0ƒXCk6M[M2[Fx64XOF43M2[
G67Fx64€OX:><:67DfHH43POF3>MQ67
4QCk6CDf;67{>H<HM3R>888…8
>Ž34DE6767{>H”67MPOM†HjG;_e6K96
MB84X3;_cjGM†HF4367{>H”67H4ŒH4[
`4‹`H4e64CaH464XOC9;$<HjGM†H;4O|6
Y9[M2[Fx64F4367{>YPHr67>B;4DE67
;4dH4[`4‹`H4e6464XOC9 ;$56YP`4k6
MB4X3jGM†H;4O|6Y9M2[Fx6469:`423
H4e6464XO/."
"
$
Lựa chọn my mc, phương php đo và kết quả đo gc
~TOX4X3`4D\67`4<`M[;_e6;X;4g:Hn;4R@r67`4D\67`4<`M[M\67326MR
M[H<H7nHKL67HwXMDN67H4O:P6Mo;43I;FI$O:643e6MR;=67HDN67jGCk6
M†HjGY9H”67C9MRH<Hp>j364Y3e6F4z3Kˆ67ˆF43jG4DE67M[CE64\64X3
H4v67;i3H4†6`4D\67`4<`M[;[96Y567MRM[H<H7nH67[J;HwXMDN67
H4O:P6
~4p[€O:`4]>MRM[7nHHwXMDN67H4O:P6F364Y‚Hn;4R@r67><:F364Y‚
HnMBH4x64l<HU"•$O:643e6MRM2>K2[MBH4x64l<HHX[MRHn;4R@r67MR
F3R>;_XM96473<FI;€O2;4AH;|`MDfHH4x64l<H8MQ67;4N3Hn;4R@r67MR
F3R>6743a>H<HC[]3><:M[7nHH4v67;i3jƒ@^67><:F364Y‚;4p["/"HnMB
H4x64l<H •MRM[7nHHwXMDN67H4O:P6$

7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
O
A
D
B
C
 !"#$%&"'
(#)!**
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
VW
0 _]>M[T/79:M[// "/
&X)*
41
"J-
+5;<
Y
Z/
843-KD)4L
)*H)*
U[Y\
Z/]
^_`a
Yb28*>-41 $c)/d<O)
+Yb28*>-
41
/ U  ( 1 s .
/
T

_ "’ (–""•
/"• "’ –U"•
s ’/–U(•
s ’/– (•
&4 /."’ –("•
T
_ s ’U!–U"•
/"• s ’U!– (•
&4 ( ’U!– "•

T
_ 1"’ (–""•
"• 1"’ (–/"•
s ’/–/(•
&4 "’ (– "•
T
_ /U ’U!– "•
/"• /U ’U!– (•
&4 U/ ’U!–U"•
U
T
_ / "’ (–""•
/"• / "’ (–"(•
s/’(1–("•
&4 U""’ (–/"•
T
_ /! ’U!– "•
"• /! ’U!–U"•
&4 Us ’U!–"•
0 _]>M[T 79:M[// "/

&X)*
41
"J-
+5;<
Y
Z/
843-KD)4L
)*H)*
U[Y\
Z/]
^_`a
Yb28*>-41 $c)/d<O)
+Yb28*>-
41
/ U  ( 1 s .
/
T/
_ "’/"–""•
/"• "’/"–"(•
/"s’(.–""•
/"s’(1– "•
&4 /."’/"–/"•
TU
_ /".’"s–("•
U"• /".’".–"(•
&4 ’".– "•

T/
_ 1"’/"–""•
/"• 1"’"!–((•

/"s’("–(•
&4 "’"!–("•
TU
_ /1.’""–"•
""• /1.’""–"•
&4 U.’""–"•
U
T/
_ / "’/"–""•
""• / "’/"–""•
/".’""–/(•
&4 U""’/"–""•
TU
_ .’/"–/"•
/"• .’/"–/(•
&4 .’/"– "•
0 _]>M[TU79:M[// "/
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
&X)*
41
"J-
+5;<
Y
Z/
843-KD)4L
)*H)*
U[Y\
Z/
]^_`a

Yb28*>-
41
$c)/d<O)
+Yb28*>-
41
/ U  ( 1 s .
/
T
_ "’/(–""•
""• "’/(–""•
!(’1–("•
!(’1–("•
&4 /."’/(–""•
T
_ !(’(!–/"•
""• !1’"/–("•
&4 s(’(!–/"•

T
_ 1"’/(–""•
""• 1"’/(–""•
!(’1–"•
&4 "’/(–""•
T
_ /(1’"/–("•
"• /(1’"/–"•
&4 UU1’"/–U"•
U
T
_ / "’/(–""•

""• / "’/(–""•
!(’s–""•
&4 U""’/(–""•
T
_ /1’" –""•
""• /1’" –""•
&4 U1’" –""•
0 _]>M[T79:M[// "/
&X)*
41
"J-
+5;<
Y
Z/
843-KD)4L
)*H)*
U[Y\
Z/]
^_`a
Yb28*>-
41
$c)/d<O)
+Yb28*>-
41
/ U  ( 1 s .
/
TU
_ "’U"–""•
/"• "’ !–((•
.’/s–((•

.’" –/(•
&4 /."’ !–("•
T/
_ .’s–("•
""• .’s–("•
&4 1’s–("•

TU
_ 1"’U"–""•
"• 1"’ !–"•
.U’U"– "•
&4 "’ !– "•
T/
_ /’s–("•
""• /’""–""•
&4 U ’s–("•
U
TU
_ / "’U"–""•
U"• / "’ !–(•
.’/.–U"•
&4 U""’ !–U"•
T/
_ "’.–/"•
/"• "’.–/(•
&4 ’.– "•
4. ()*+,-41CD59
dMB@93M[]6;4•67Hk6M[;4DN67CE64\6643POCk6j[YE3MB@93HwX;4DEH
6e6>OG6M[MDfHH4x64l<H`423Mc64_X;_e6M[]6;4•67Mn64W67M[]6;4•67
67{64\6MB@93HwX;4DEHY93H>$3aHMc64MDN67;4•67Hn;4R@r67>{;

;4DN674X:@r67><:;r:;4p[MBH4x64l<H$^67H^MRM<64@gOH<HM3R>;_e6
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
4DE67;4•67;4DN67@r67j9[;3eO$9[;3eOC9>B;Y|;67{>@93;‡ 0U>8;_e6Hn
j\6;_{67Mzlp>FbMRK3RO;4cMB@93Y9@•`4<;43a6;‡lX$
*[H43PO@936L>67X67HwX>B;M[]6;4•67C9>B;;_[6764W67Hi67;<HH\K26
HwX;_{HMcX$r:;4p[:eOHkOMBH4x64l<HHwXY3aHM[@93Y964W67@^67H^M[
>9Hn64W67`4D\67`4<`M[@93F4<H64XO
0*[H43PO@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`
0*[H43PO@93KL67;4DEH@?:36YX_
0*[H43PO@93KL67@?:M[F4[267H<H4;_[67><:
0*[H43PO@93KL67><:M[lXM3a6;ƒ
r:;4p[:eOHkOYPMBH4x64l<HM[MB@93>9@r67H<H@^67H^M[@93F4<H
64XO64D;4DEH;4‹`;4DN678;4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<H8Y$Y•
Đo chiều dài bng thước thép
)++,-)%&./
~4DEH;4‹`;4DN67
4DEH;4‹`;4DN67C9>KL67;4‹`K26>z67@9:"8>>8_B67/(  ">>8@93
H<HC[]3(>8/">8 ">8U">8(">•;_e6;4DEHHnM<64@gO;E3@>Y9743jG
;‡67>‹;>B;$X3MkO;4DEHHn;X:Hk>MR;3a6jƒ@^67F43H=67;4DEH$
Z43M[H43PO@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`;4DN6767DN3;XH56@r67€Opj{;MRM<64@gO
jGCk6MJ;;4DEH$TOpj{;HnMB@93U")"H>8MDN67Fx64"$(H>8>B;MkO
64†68>B;MkOHn;X:Hk>$Ž3KB7Q>14[JH//H<3$
~4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<H$
gO;][6n3H4O6773G6764D;4DEH;4‹`;4DN67H4ŒF4<H;4DEH;4‹`;4DN67C9
;_e6;4DEHH43XY]H4MI6>>—4[JH;]34X3MkO;4DEHH43XY]H4;E3>3C3>‹;$
”67Hn;4R@r67;4DEH;4‹`;4DN67Hn@<673g:F•>3C3>‹;u4X3MkO;4DEH
;_[67F4[267/"H>C9>;4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<H$
4DEH;4‹`;4DN67H[@o6@[2644Du67HwX643a;MB@[Mn;_DEHF43M[`423
;3I64964F3R>6743a>8674‚XC9j[j<64H43PO@93HwX;4DEHYE3>B;;4DEH

H4Oq669[Mn$
~4DEH;4‹`@?:S;4DEH@?:36YXV
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
4DEH;4‹`@?:HnHgO;][4d64jf3C9>KL67;4‹`C[]3;G;4[JHKL6736YX_C9
>B;4f`F3>MJHK3a;Hn4ajG@o66u64z7Q>1˜C9j{;U1˜3Fp6$4DEHHn
MDN67Fx64/81(>>8@93 >4[JH.>$X3MkO;4DEHHnKB`4|6M†HjGF4{H
Y]H4;E3>3C3>‹;;_[67F4[267;‡.y/"H>$Z43M[@93KL67;4DEHKL67;4DEH
@?:;4DN67F™>;4p[H<H@^67H^jXO
X373<_567_†H84X3€O26J67>Ž3€O2/"F784X3><:Mc64;?>8/"73<HnMkO
;_^8><:;4=67KL678><:F364Y‚8643a;FI$
-)%&./
r:;4p[:eOHkOMBH4x64l<HHwXF4[267H<H4Hk6M[>967DN3;XHn;4R;_AH
;3I`M[F4[267H<H4KL67H<HC[]3;4DEHF4<H64XO$
~*[H43PO@93YE3MBH4x64l<HKd64;4DN67$
32jƒM[MB@93M[]6;4•67…KL67;4DEH;4‹`;4DN678C[]3@93 ">YE3KB
€Opj{;C9//H<3$Z43M[Hk6x;64g;C94X367DN38>B;67DN3Hk>MkO;4DEHHn
Y]H4š"š7†3C967DN3M3jXO$7DN369:@r67>B;€Opj{;73WH4J;>B;MkO
;4DEHjX[H4[Y]H4š"šHwX;4DEH;_r67YE3;?>MŒ64H†H$B;67DN3Hk>Mk:
;4DEHHnY]H4 ">Y9/"€Opj{;7†3C967DN3M3;_DEH$7DN369:F‹[H=67
;4DEHH4[;4AH6L>67X67$7DN3jXOM3POF43R667DN3;_DEHMJ;;4DEHMv67
4DE67…MQ67;4N3_X43aOH=67;4DEH$7DN3;_DEHF43674p43aOCaH4H=67
`423F‹[H=67;4DEHY9H{>67X:>B;€Opj{;;]3Y]H4 ">Y9;_2CN3l[67$XO
Mn67DN3jXO64h€Opj{;;]3867DN3;_DEHMRC]3€Opj{;Y‡XH{>H24X3Hr67
;3I6YP…$Z4367DN3jXOMI66\367DN3;_DEHY‡XH{>;4d4iMt67C]3Y9C]3C9>
H<H;4X[;<HM[64DM[]6;_DEH$3I`;^HM[H4[;E3M[]6HOG3Hr67$G€Opj{;
;_[67;X:67DN3jXOH4x64C9jGCk6MJ;;4DEHYdY|:F4367DN3;_DEH4I;;g;H2
€Opj{;;_[67;X:S/"H<3VH4t67;zM[]6M[@93KL67/"Ck6MJ;;4DEH8F43Mn
67DN3743jh>E3Hk6743$OG6M[;3I`67DN3jXO`423;_X[C]3/"€Opj{;H4[
67DN3;_DEH$

x@^Z43M[l[67jh743 Ck6;_X[€Op8jG€Opj{;;_[67;X:67DN3jXOC9U
€Op8M[]6HOG3M[MDfH/ 81/>‹;;XHn…m "l l/"~Ul "~/ 81/m
s 81/>‹;$*RM2>K2[H4x64l<H;4DN67`423M[ Ck6M[M3Y9M[YPY9@r67
jX3jG;D\67MG3MRM<6473<MBH4x64l<H$
&4D\67`4<`M[69:jX3jGF4‹`;D\67MG3M];MDfH/ """$IO>J;Mg;7Q74P
Y9@GH;4dF43M[Hn;4R@r67G67;4=67KL67MRMJ;;4DEHH4[;4AH6L>67X67$
566IO>J;Mg;€O<@GH>9@GHMPO;4dM[MB@936743e67Y9M[7nHMt67
MR;x64_XMB@936L>67X67mH[j
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
v
s
d
~*[MB@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<H$
32jƒ>OG6M[MB@93H]64…KL67;4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<H;XH4i6 H†H;]3
Y9…$
*c64MDN67;4•67KL67><:F364Y‚8@r67;4DEH;4‹`;4DN67MRM[64W67M[]6
;4•6767{64\6MB@93;4DEHY93H>Y9Mn67H†H`4^;]3MkO>Ž3M[]68;_e6>J;
H†HHnF4{HY]H4H4W;4|`;_[67Mn>B;Y]H4YOi677nHYE34DE67M[8>B;Y]H4
;_r67YE34DE67M[$
r67><:;4=67KL67MRM[HX[H<H>J;H†H8F43M[@r67CAHFIMRF‹[;4DEH8
@r67643a;FIMRM[643a;MBF4i67F4x$&4?6Hi674X367DN3F‹[;4DEH4X3
67DN3M†HjG>B;67DN3743jhY9M†H643a;MB$Ž3Ck6M[4X367DN3F‹[;4DEH
KL67CAHCvHF3R>6743a>MQ67;4N3MJ;;4DEHjX[H4[`4k6F•>>;_e6;4DEH
6L>;_e6MkOH†H$*f3;4DEHF4i67@X[MB67867DN3M†HjGH=6HtY9[Y]H4
F4{H;_e6MkOH†HMRM†HjGHwX>d64$*†HjGH>8>>;_DEH@>8>‹;M†HjXO
>Ž3M[]6`423le@cH4;4DEHM†HjGUCk68:eOHkOUCk6F4i67H4e6464XO€O<
/>>Y9Cg:;_O67Kd64UCk6M†HjG$Ž3Ck6MJ;;4DEH`423M†H643a;MB>B;
Ck6$*B@93H]64Hk6`423M[M3Y9M[YP8Cg:;_O67Kd64 Ck6M[C9>FI;€O2;x64
;[<6Y9Cg:jX3jG73WX4X3Ck6M[MRM<6473<MBH4x64l<H$&4D\67`4<`M[69:

Hn;4RM];MDfHjX3jG;D\67MG3/ "$"""$
~*[@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`@?:$
r67><:F364Y‚Y9;4DEH;4‹`K26M[64W67M[]667{64\6MB@93;4DEH;4‹`
@?:Y93H>Y9Mn67H†HC9>@gO8MJ;73<KXH4?6HnMkO;_^8@r67><:Mc64;?>
H4x64l<H$
Z43M[H=67;4DEHKL674X3€O26J67/"F784X367DN3M†HjG8>B;67DN3743jh8
>B;67DN3H4Œ4O:$GM†HH4x64l<H;E3"8/>>$Ž3M[]6H”67`423le@cH4
;4DEHM†HjGUCk6H4e64CaH4F4[267H<H473WXUCk6F4i67YDf;€O</>>6IO
M];:eOHkO>E3H4O:R6jX67M[]6F4<H$
]3>Ž3M[]6Hk6M[643a;MBF4i67F4xKL67643a;FI8M[]6C•Hn;4RM[KL67
;4DEH;4‹`H4x64l<HMoF3R>6743a>$[96KBH]64M[8`423M[4X3Ck6M[M3M[
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
YP$XOF43M[l[67`423@r67><:;4=67KL67M[H4e64HX[H<HMkO73<;_^MR
;x64H43PO@936L>67X67HwX;‡67M[]6$
›M?:;XM[@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`@?:YE3MBH4x64l<HKd64;4DN67Y9Mc64
MDN67;4•67KL67><:F364Y‚M3a6;ƒ$<HKDEH;3I64964
 *c64MDN67;4•67KL67><:
OG6Mc64MDN67;4•67H4x64l<H`423@r67><:$32jƒ>OG6Mc64H<HM[]6
;4•67;_e6MDN67;4•67…;XMJ;><:;]3867{>j9[;3eO;]3…jX[H4[@?:
Mt67HwX>967@?:H4W;4|`;_r67YE3j9[;3eO;]3…8HGMc64F4i67H4[><:
H4O:R6MB6767X67$7DN3Mt67><:;]3_X43aOH4[67DN3;4t4X3@A67H<H
j9[;3eO/8 8U8•$$Ck6CDf;6L>;_r67YE3>967@?:Mt67HwX>967@?:H4W;4|`$
/ U…
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
(#*01%&"'
(#)%&.)2
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67

 *[H43PO@93KL67;4DEH;4‹`YE3MBH4x64l<HKd64;4DN67*[M[]6
;4•67;‡T/0œT;XHnFI;€O2M[;_[67K267jXO
efg
YF7
567
4h+
7,B
5674h++5;<
i)*
j7k
j7k j7k j7k j7k
 T/ U"$!. / 1$"( T (s$"U
 T U1$s" / 1$1"  $" TU / ($U
 TU ($(" / .$" $ T (U$!"
 T /$/ / U($UU U!$"" U  $!" T/ /(.$U(
i)*j7k U!$1"
5. ()*+,-41-H19
Cơ sở lý luận và phương n xây dựng lưới khống chế độ cao
3"-.456#
%DE3F4G67H4IMBHX[4X:H567†3C9CDE3;4w:H4Oq6C9H4Ž@AXH\K2664g;
YW67H4{H64g;HwXHi67;<HM[MBHX[;_[67M[C|`K26MQY9;_[67KG;_xHi67
;_d64$7[93643a>Y^;_e6CDE3F4G67H4IMBHX[H56Hn>B;73<;_cF4[X4†H_g;
CE6;_[67Y3aH6743e6HtOjAK3I6MB67HwXC^HMcXY9K3I6@]67HwXH<HHi67
;_d64$
%DE3F4G67H4IMBHX[C94a;4G67H<HM3R>HnMBHX[6G3C3P6YE364XOKL67
64W67MDN67H4O:P6MBHX[$
r:;4p[`4]>Y3F4G67H4IY9MBH4x64l<HCDE3F4G67H4IMBHX[6496DEH
H43X;4964Hg`888;_[67MnHg`HnMBH4x64l<HHX[4\6H2$
%DE3F4G67H4IHg`8MDfHKG;_x;_[67`4]>Y3_B67MDfH;3I64964M[M]H
KL67><:>nHY9`4D\67`4<`H4x64l<H$<HCDE3Hg`Y9C9H\juMR

6743e6HtOF4[X4†HY9C9>H4Ž@AXMR`4<;;_3R6H<HCDE3Hg`Y9$%DE3
Hg`Y9HnMBH4x64l<H;4g`4\68`4]>Y3F4G67H4I4•`4\68C9>@9:
;4e>H<HM3R>F4G67H4IMBHX[$7[93CDE3MBHX[6496DEH_XH56HnCDE3MB
HX[F“;4O|;Y9CDE3MBHX[M[YbC9C[]3CDE3@r67MR;_AH;3I`M[YbK26MQY9
KG;_xHi67;_d64$
Lưới độ cao cấp III và cấp IV
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
6)7#88889
~4†6MDN67M[
i67;<HH4†6MDN67M[KX[7Q>d>M3R>F4G67H4IMBHX[Hg`HX[4\68
H4†6MDN67M[Y9KG;_xCDE3F4G67H4IMBHX[;_[67F4OYAHM[M]H$*DN67M[
6e6C9MDN6767{664g;x;@GH8x;Y|;H4DE6767]38;_<64YDf;ji678;4O67C”678
;_<64€OXYr67Mg;lG`Y96e6KG;_x@†H;4p[H<H€OGHCB8;Œ64CB8MDN67j{;
YY$$$
*DN67M[6e6M37k6H<HM3R>F4G67H4I>J;KL67MR;4O|6Cf3H4[Y3aHM[Yb
McX4d64jXO69:$*R`4^HY^;43Hi67H<HHi67;_d648MDN67M[6e6M3@†H;4p[
H<HHi67;_d64SFe648M|`8HkOYY$$$VH<HMDN67M[;_[67CDE3`423C9>;4964
Y567F4‹`Fx64[JH6G373WXH<HM3R>Hg`HX[4\6$
~4†6Yc;_xH4i6>GHMBHX[
*RM2>K2[C?O@93Y9;4O|6;3a6H4[jƒ@^678H<H>GHF4G67H4IMBHX[6e6
MJ;uH4Ž73X[64XO73WXH<HMDN67M[;_[67CDE3uF4OMi67@?687k6H<H649
7XlpCƒX8;_]>;4w:Y=68Hi67;_d64Hi676743a`8;4w:Cf38HkO84k>H4Ž73X[
64XOHwX;_^H73X[;4i67CE6$
c;_xH4i6>GH`423C96\3Mg;_{6H4{H8F4i67HnH<;H42:86DEH67k>8;_<64
67DN3Y9lpHBYXH4]>H<H>GHH<H464XO;‡S( sVF>$
GHMBHX[Hn4X3C[]3H4x64>GH7{6;_e6;DN67KL67;4‹`87X67Y9>GHH4i6
H4d>@DE3Mg;KL67Ke;i67Hn73I67K2[Ya$7[934X3C[]3;_e667DN3;XH56
@r67>GHMBHX[;]>;4N3>GH7ŽY9>GH@gOj\6F•;_e6Hi67;_d64$
~4†6><:Y9@^67H^M[

<:;4=67KL67@r67M[HX[Hg`8`423C9><:HnMB`4n67M]3CE64\6 
Ck68H<HKB`4|6HwX><:`423H4{HH4{6h6Mc648H4g;CDf67G67Fx64;G;;_DEH
F43jƒ@^67`423;3I64964F3R>6743a>Y9M3POH4Œ64H<HjX3jGHwX><:8MJH
K3a;C9jX3jG;_^H67{>HwXG67Fx64$
3X`423C9C[]3>3X7ŽF4{HjG4X3>J;@93U>‹;$<H4L67jGHwX>3XY9MB
@93H<HY]H4H>u;_e6>3X`423MDfHF3R>Mc648jX3jGF4{HY]H4F4i67€O<
/>>$4?6>3X`423;4•67Hn€O2@†34[JHG67;4O‰MRM3POH4Œ64>3XH4[
;4•67Mt67$*3YE3>Ž3>3X`423HnMI4[JHH†H>3X$
~*3POF3a6F43M[
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67
*R6?67HX[MBH4x64l<H`423M[M]H;_[67M3POF3a6;4O|6Cf364g;;_<646{67
;[jD\67>r873n>]646e6H4†6CvH26443a6_ŠY9h6Mc64;_[67G67Fx64F43
K{;MkOHn43a6;Df67264642:;4d6e667‡67C9>Y3aHH4NCvHF4<H$
Z43;4N3;3I;lgO6e6_v;67{6;k>67{>HwX><:$*R732>KE;jX3jG;_^H67{>
G67Fx64Y94]6H4IjX3jG@[2644Du67MBH[67;_<3Mg;Y9F4vHl]<64j<678
;_[67>Ž3;_]>;k>67{>;‡><:;E34X3>3X`423KL6764XOY9F4i676e6YDf;
€O<€O:Mc64$<H€O:Mc64H^;4RMDfH743uK267 0/$
$0)*U\^lf<B4b)/41-H1-mIn=-mIo
Nội dung quy định Cấp III Cấp IV
k>67{>F4i676e6€O< s(ž/""> /""ž/(">
4e64CaH4;k>67{>F4i67CE64\6 > U>
B67@Q6Σδ;_[67;[96MDN67M[F4i67MDfHYDf;€O<
(> /">
_^H67{>`423HX[4\6>J;Mg; "8U> "8U>
6)7:;##88889
g;H2H<HjGC3aOM[M]H`423MDfHF3R>;_XHk6;4|6643POCk6H4ŒjXOF43l<H
>364H<HjGC3aOM];:eOHkOF“;4O|;>E3MDfH@r67MR;x64;[<6$B3@O67;x64
;[<67Q>
0d>jX3jGF4‹`Fx6HwX>B;MDN67M[

0…d64jX3MDN674[JHCDE3;4O‰H4Oq6;d>_XMBHX[7k6Mv6764g;HwXH<H>GH$
~x64;[<6jX3jGF4‹`Fx6HwX>B;MDN67M[
0Z43MDN67M[6G3C3P64X3M3R>MoK3I;MBHX[;d>MDfHjX3jGF4‹`Fx6Ÿ
4
HwX
MDN67M[;4p[Hi67;4tH$
Ÿ
4
mΣ4
M[
0S
H
0
M
V
_[67Mn

M
Y9
H
0MBHX[M3R>MkOY9M3R>HOG3MDN67M[
Σ4
M[
0;h67H<H43aOMBHX[M[MDfH;_e6;[96MDN67M[
0Z43MDN67M[C9>;4964>B;Y567F4‹`Fx6;4d
Ÿ
4
mΣ4
M[
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/

7O:•6*d64=64D\67
0Z43M[M3Y9M[YP;_e6Hr67>B;MDN67M[
Ÿ
4
mΣ4
M3
~Σ4
YP
X3jGF4‹`H4[`4‹`HwXMDN67M[HX[Hg`C9
Ÿ4

m~/"
L
>>
*G3YE3Hg`C9
Ÿ4

m~ "
L
>>
~…d64jX37k6Mv67MDN67Y9CDE3M[HX[
0…d64jX37k6Mv67MDN67M[M\6
AX;_e667O:e6C}`4?6`4G3jX3jG;‰CaYE3MB@93MDN67M[6e6Hn;4R;x64jX3
jGHwX>B;F>MDN67M[;4p[Hi67;4tH
∆4
/F>
m
<
=
_[67Mn

Ÿ40jX3jGF4‹`Fx6
%0MB@93HwX;[96MDN67M[;x64KL67F>
|:jGM3POH4Œ64H4[>B;M[]6M[;4t3jbC9
30MB@93M[]6M[;4t3
3aOMBHX[MoM3POH4Œ64HwX>Ž3M[]6M[MDfH;x64;4p[Hi67;4tH
4•3m43~Y43
_[67Mn
430MBHX[M[MDfHHwXM[]6;4t3
*BHX[HwX>Ž3M3R>MDfH;x64;4p[43aOMBHX[MoM3POH4Œ64$
Lưới khống chế độ cao kỹ thuật và lưới khống chế độ cao đo vẽ
7O:•6235X %E`'(U0*/
7O:•6*d64=64D\67

×