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VAT CHAT KY THUAT CHAN DOAN
VA
DIEU
TRI CUM A TAI
6
BENH VIEN
TUYIN
HUYEN TINH QUANG NINH
TOM
TAT
Kiim soat mdt
each
hieu qui cum dai dich khdng
nhi/ng ddi hdi viec hiiu biet sau vi cum dai dich mi
cdn can cd day
dCi
ca sd vat chat trang thiit
bi.
Nghien
cifu xac dinh tht/c trang ca sd vat chat ky thuat chan
doan va
diiu
tn cum A tai cac bdnh vien huyen thugc
tinh
Quing Ninh td dd lam ca
?5 ciio
cac nghien eifu
can thiep nhim ting cadng ca sd vat chat ky thuat can
thiit eho vide chan doan va diiu tri cum dai dich.
Kit qui: Thac trang ca sd vat chai ky thuat va
thudc thiit yiu cho
vide
chan doan va diiu tri cum dai
dich
cCia
cac benh vien tuyin huyen
tinh
Quing
Ninh
edn nhiiu thiiu thdn va bat cap, can daac bo sung
va cung cap day
dQ.
TUkhoa: cum dai dich,
tinh
Quang Ninh.
SUMMARY
Effective influenza pandemic management
requires
not
only understanding
of the
factors
influencing behavious changes
but
also have enough
instruments.
To
determine
the
real instruments
and
essentlons drugs
for
diagnosing
and
treating
Influenza pandemic
In
some district- hospital
in
Quang Ninh province thereby
to
make basements
to
interfere
for the
purposes
of
Improving
the
ability
for
diagnosing
and
treating patients with influenza
A.
Results;
The two
group district-hospitals
in
Quang
Ninh province
do not
have enough basic Instruments
and essentlons drugs
for
diagnosing
and
treating
influenza pandemic
A and
there
Is a
need
to
supply.
Keywords: pandemic influenza, district hospital,
Quangninh
province.
OAT VAN
OE
Hien
nay
tinh hinh djch
cum
A(H1N1) dang diln
bien phirc
tap va trd
thanh
dai
djch tren toan
the
gidi,
nhieu nude djch
da lay lan ra
cpng ddng, trong
dd cd
Vtet
Nam.
Tai
tinh
Quang Ninh tinh hinh cung diln
ra
tUPng
tu. De
phdng, chdng
dai
dich
eiim
A, ben
canh
viec nang
cao
kien thifc, thuc hanh phdng, chdng
benh
cua can bd y te,
viec trang
bj co sd vat
chat
ky
thuat chan doan
va
dieu
tri cum A la rat can
thiet.
Chinh
vi the, de ed
dupe nhiimg giai phap
cu the,
hieu
qua,
thich
img
trong viee tang cudng kiem soat
lay nhilm
ciim
A la
viec
lam vd
ciing
can
thiet. Xua't
phat
tif ly do
tren,
chimg
tdi
tien hanh nghien cufu
nay
nham
muc
tieu:
"Budc
dau
danh
gia
thUc trang
co sd
vat chat
ky
thuat chan doan
va
dieu
trj
ciim
A tai mdt
sd benh vien tuyen huyen eiia
tinh
Quang Ninh".
OOI TUONG
vA
PHUONG
PHAP
NGHIEN CLfU
1.
Ddi
tuong nghien
cufu.
-
6
benh vien tuyen huyen gdm:
khu vUc
thanh
thj:
Benh vien
da
khoa
khu vUc Bai
Chay, Benh vien
da
khoa
thj xa Cam Pha; khu vUc
ndng
thdn;
Benh vien
da khoa huyen Ddng Trieu, Benh vien
da
khoa
huyen
Yen
Hung,
khu vUc
mien
nui, hai dao:
Benh
vien
da
khoa huyen
Van
Don, Benh vien
da
khoa
khu
vuc Tien
Yen.
VU TH! THU
THUV
-
Bac sy va dieu dudng vien
true
tiep dieu trj
ciim
A tai 06 khoa
cOa
benh
vien:
Khoa Hdi sii'C
c^p
eifu,
Khoa Npi nhi, Khoa truyen
nhilm,
Khoa Kham benh,
Khoa Xet nghiem, Khoa Chdng nhilm khuan.
2.
Phuong phap nghien cufu.
2.1. Thiet
ke
nghien CUV
La thiet
ke
nghien cufu
md ta cat
ngang
cd
phan
tich.
2.2. Cic ky thuit dp dung trong nghiin
cuu:
Md ta thuc trang co sd vat chat bao gdm:
- Phdng dieu
tri: so dd
kien true,
khu
each
ly,
dOn
vi
each
ly.
- Dung
cu,
trang thiet
bj: may mde xet
nghiem,
dung
cu
trang
bj can
thiet
cho
viec dieu
tri
tich
cifc,
dieu
tri
benh nhan
cum.
- Thude thiet
yeu: cae
thudc dieu
trj cum
hien
tai
va thude
can
thiet
cho
dieu
tri bd trp cho
benh nhan.
- Nhan
luc
ciia
cae
khoa, phdng
ban
trong benh
vien
cd
lien quan
oen
chan doan
va
dieu
trj
ciim
A.
Viec dieu
tra
dupe
uen
l^anh
theo bang
hoi
diroc
thiet
ke
sin,
diing
cho
toan benh vien
va cac
khoa
rieng biet
ve kha
nang
dap umg vdi yeu cau
chan
doan
va
dieu
tri
eiim
A.
2.3.
Xuly sd
lieu
-
Sd
lieu dupe nhap
va xuf
ly
bang SPSS
16.0
KET
QuA
vA
BAN
LUAN
1.
Thirc trang
cO sd vat
chait, nhan
lUc
phuc
vu
chan doan
va
dieu
tri cum A
Bang
1. Co sd ha
tang
ciia
2
nhdm benh vien
tuyen huyen.
Co sd
ha
tang cua Bdnh vien
So
dd
kien
true
Khu
each
ly
ridng bidt
Budng/don vi
each
ly didu tri cum
Sd
giodng
Tinh trang dp
lire
dm cua budng
each
ly
Hd thdng thdng
khi
Budng each
ly
nay cd budng ddm
Budng cdch ly cd nhd tam
& vd sinh ridng bidt
NhOng budng
each
ly
hoan toan
each
bidt
vdi cdc budng khac
Budng
each
ly cd didu hda khdng
khi
Budng
each
ly
nay cd
d§
ddng lam
vd
sinh/khir khuan
Nhdm
A
(n
=
3!
10-12
NhdmB
(n
=
3)
3
9-10
3
Chung
tdi
nhan thay:
tuy hau het cac
benh vien
thudc
ca 2
nhdm
deu cd so dd
kien tnic,
deu cd khu
each
ly vdi
phdng dieu
trj
ciim
vdi sd
phdng
tif 3
phdng
va sd
giudng
tir
9-li2
giudng,
dl
dang
lam
v^
sinh khii khuan,
each
biet
vdi cac
budng khac, deu c6
nha
tam va nha ve
sinh
rieng biet nhung nhifng
khu
vUc each
ly va cac
phdng chUa
dat
tieu chuin
ptiii
hop
cho
cdng
tac
chan doan
va
dieu
tri cum
nhiT
cac
54
Y HOC TH'JC HANH (751)
-
S6
2/2011
tieu chuan ve xii ly chat
thai,
he thdng thdng khi va
dieu hda khdng khi, khdng cd khu vuc xii ly chat thai
rieng, tinh trang ap
lUc
am ciia budng
each
ly deu cdn
nhieu dieu can bo xung hoan chinh. Dac biet khoa hdi
sifc cap cufu cua ca 2 nhdm benh vien deu thieu
budng each ly. HPn ntifa khi xem xet viec bd tri khu
vUc
each
ly chua thuc
sif
hpp ly trong benh vien nhU
khu vuc each ly cdn d sau trong benh
vien,
khi di vao
khu vUc
each
ly can phai di qua nhieu khu vUc khac.
ThUe te dd cho tha'y, tuy cd khu vUc each ly nhUng
yeu cau thUc te xay ra tiii benh vien se bj dpng, lung
tuing
trong viec bd tri khu vUe each ly va khdng dap
Cmg dupe yeu eau, khdng dam bao dung dupc chirc
nang va yeu cau ciia khu vUc each ly.
Bang 2. Kha nang dap umg vdi
eiim
dai djch ciia 2
nhdm benh vien tuyen huyen
Kha nang dap Ong
Ndu cd dodi 10 b6nh nhdn cung nhap
vidn
Ndu cd to 10-50 bdnh nhdn cung nhap
vidn
Ndu cd nhidu hon 50 bdnh
nhan
cung
nhap vi6n
Nhdm A
3/3
2/3*
0/3
NhdmB
3/3
2/3'
0/3
Qua bang tren ta thay, khi dupe hdi ve kha nang
dap img vdi cum dai djch trong thUc trang co sd vat
chat eua ddn vi nhU
tren,
ea 2 nhdm benh vien deu
chi
dap umg
dUde
mdt phan rat nhd khi ed xay ra cum
dai djch vdi sd lupng khdng qua 10 benh nhan. Khi ed
10-50 benh nhan thi phai huy dpng tdi cac khoa khac
hoac la suf dung dien tich d khu vUc xung quanh.
ThUe te eho tha'y khi cum dai djch xay ra thi sd
lUpng
benh nhan se rat nhieu, nhu vay cac benh vien tuyen
thudc 2 nhdm tren deu khdng dap img dupc yeu cau
khi xay ra cum dai
djch.
Vi vay viec bd tri khu vUc
dieu trj cum se khdng dam bao, khdng dap umg dupe
yeu cau, se khien cho djch
ciim
ed the lay lan trong
benh vien khd cd the kiem soat dupc.
Bang 3. Trang thiet bi can tiiiet cho viec chan
doan
ciim
dai dich d 2 nhdm benh
vien.
Trang
thidt bi
Mdy thd
Hd thdng d xy trung tdm ddn
cdc
khoa
phdng
Mdy tao d xy
Binh d
xy
Monitor
theo
ddi
Mdy do bao hod d xy
Bom truydn
dich
Bom tidm
didn
Mdy chup X quang lou
ddng
Mdy sidu dm xdch
tay
Mdy sidu dm cd xe
day
Nhom A
2,6,2
2/3
2,3,8
2,13,0
4,9,2
1,7,2
1,14,2
1,18,2
1,1.1
0,1,1
0,0,0
NhdmB
1,1,2
1/3
1,3,3
1,10,0
1,10,5
3,0,0
1,17,3
2,17,3
1,1,0
1,2,0
0,0,0
Ca 2 nhdm benh vien deu cd cac loai may mde
trang thiet bi can thiet cho viec chan doan va dieu trj
cum nhu may thd, he thd'ng oxy trung tam, may tao
oxy va binh oxy, cac loai monitor theo
ddi,
tuy nhien
sd lupng cdn It. Cac thiet bi dUdc cung ca'p nhung cac
dung eu hd trp de sir dung gap khd khan, vi du cd
benh vien cd may thd
ntiung
he thd'ng oxy trung tam
kiidng
cd. May tao oxy
hoac
binh oxy deu khdng cd
thudng xuyen tai cac phdng dieu trj cum, cd benh
vien cdn khdng cd may do dp bao hda oxy. Oac biet
nhiimg may mde nhu may chup X- quang
luu
ddng,
may sieu am xach tay, may sieu am cd xe day la
nhifng may moc hien dai, thich hpp cho viee eo ddng,
thuan tien eho viec hd trp trong chan doan va dieu trj
benh niian cum dai djch thi ed benh vien edn khdng
cd.
Nhu the, thuc trang trang thiet bj cO sd vat chat
ciia cac benh vien tuyen huyen tai
tinh
Quang Ninh
cdn thieu thdn rat nhieu, dae biet la trang thiet bi hd
trd cho viee chan doan va dieu trj
ciim
dai
djch,
va
nhu
nhau d ca 2 nhdm benh
vien.
Khdng nhufng the, khi dieu tra cac khoa can lam
sang trong viec hd trp va chan doan cum dai
djch,
chiing tdi xem xet cac
khoanhu
xet nghiem, huyet
hpe,
sinh hda, vi
sinh,
giai phlu benh/te bao, tham dd
ciiufc
nang, chan doan hinh anh, chiing tdi nhan tha'y
da sd cac benh vien d nhdm A deu thieu cac khoa
tren,
cdn cac benh vien d nhdm B deu cd day du cae
khoa,
nhu the d nhdm B da hon nhdm A ve
sd
eae
khoa can
lam
sang hd trp cho chan doan va dieu tri
cum dai djch hdn.
Tuy
nhiien,
khi dieu tra sau hdn mdt sd xet nghiem
cu the ma benh vien cd the thuc hien duoc trong dieu
kien eO sd vat chat tren de hd trp va chan doan cum
A, chiing tdi dieu tra cac xet nghiem
FCR,
Realtime
PCR, nudi cay vi khuan, ndng dp khi mau ddng mach
tai khoa xet nghiem, hau het cae benh vien trong ca 2
nhdm deu khdng cd cae xet nghiem
tren,
nhu vay
mac
dii
nhdm B cd cae khoa xet
npliiem
tren hdn han
nhdm A nhUng
thUe
te kha nang hd trp chan doan
ciia
ca 2 nhdm benh vien trong phdng chdng cum dai djch
deu nhu nhau. Ca 2 nhdm benh vien deu cd 2 benh
vien ed may X- quang va sieu am tai giudng benh.
NliU
vay, thuc trang cd sd vat chat cua cac benh vien
tuyen huyen tinti Quang Ninh cdn rat thieu
thdn,
dac
biet la viec thuc hien cac xet nghiem ho trd chan doan
eiim
dai
dich.
Ve td dpi chdng nhilm khuan cua benh
vien,
khi
dieu tra chung tdi tha'y ca 2 nhdm benh vien deu cd hdi
ddng hoac ban chdng nhilm khuan, deu cd khoa hoac
td dpi chdng nhiem khuan. Khdng nhiimg the, ca 2
benh
vien deu cd xay dung ke hoach kiem soat nhilm
ktiuan
djnh ky va xay dung cac quy
djnh,
quy trinh
kiem soat nhiem khuan, cd thiet lap va duy tri tie thdng
giam sat va bao cao djch theo quy
dinh,
tuy nhien viec
phdi hpp vdi khoa vi
sinh,
khoa Duoc, viec kiem tra,
ddn dd'c
thUe
hien dung quy trinh thuc hanh kiem soat
nhilm khuan cdn han che, cd ndi cdn chUa trien khai
diing quy
dinh.
NhU
vay mac
dii
cd day dii td dpi chdng
nhilm khuan vdi ke hoach va quy dinh xong hoat ddng
ciia
td dpi chdng nhilm khuan cdn nhieu han che,
ehua phat huy dupc vai trd, va dac biet se cang khd
khan khi ddi phd vdi cum dai djch xay ra. Va dieu nay
la gidng nhau d ca 2 nhdm
benli
vien.
Ve khu vUc
luu giiif
chat thai y te ca 6 benh vien
thupc 2 nhdm deu cd, vdi noi
lifu
giiif chat thai y te,
dupe bd tri xa noi chuan bj dd an, xa Idi di chung, cd
noi luu
giOr
cha't thai y te nguy hai rieng biet, va tieu
chuan ve xuf
ly
chat thai y te deu theo quy djnh
phii
hop vdi he thdng cung cap nUdc, rufa tay chdng nhilm
ktiuan,
he thdng thoat
nUde phii
hpp. Cimg vdi dd cac
benh vien deu cd quy djnh ve quan
ly
chat thai y te,
eae
quy trinh phan
loai,
xuf
ly
chat thai y te day du.
Tuy nhien, khi kiem tra thUc dja mdt each
sau
sat va
Y HOC THl/C HANH (751) - SO 2/2011
55
ty my, chumg tdi nhan tha'y thuc te cac benh vien ciia
ca 2 nhdm deu chUa lam diing quy djnh ve
luu giuf
va
xuf
ly
chat thai y te, deu mac thieu sdt trong qua trinh
cdng tac, ehua thUc sU dam bao
phii
hop vdi quy djnh
chung.
Oieu nay thudng xay ra d cac benh vien tuyen
huyen khi su quan tam,
chi
dao cua cac cap lanh dao
ddi
liic
cdn lo la, can bp nhan vien y te
chii
quan, coi
thudng benh
dich,
hoac lam qua loa dai
khai,
y
thufc
trach nhiem ehua eao.
Vdi cac khoa Dinh dudng, bd phan giat la cung
cap dien nude cua cac benh vien thi chimg tdi nhan
tha'y da sd cac benh vien thude ca 2 nhdm deu thieu
thdn trong van de thUe hien chirc nang cua cac khoa
tren,
cae benh vien cdn thudng xuyen bj ma't
dien.
Day cung la thuc trang chung
ciia
cac benh vien
tuyen huyen khi dieu kien trang thiet bi cho cae khoa
cdn han che, trang bi chUa ddng bd hoac khdng dupc
chii
trpng.
Khi dieu tra cac thiet bj chuyen dung cho dieu trj
benh nhan
ciim
A, dac biet ia cae loai may thd da nang
ehufe nang cao, may thd xach tay, va cac loai may thd
cao cap khac cuing vdi cac loai may chuyen dung khac
dimg cho hdi sifc ca'p cufU benh nhan benh ly
phdi,
da
sd cac benh vien deu khdng cd, hoac cd it, hoac khdng
ddng bp, dae biet la he thd'ng oxy trung tam, tidm tiem
dien,
may truyen dich tU dpng, cac loai may hut, khi
dung deu khdng cd d nhdm A, hoac it hon so vdi nhdm
B,
dii
nhdm B cd mpt sd benh vien cd cac dung cu dd
nhung khdng khdng hoan toan day
dii.
Oa sd benh vien deu cd may thd trong chUOng
trinh SARS, cac thiet bj bao hp nhU trang phuc bao
hp ca nhan, gang tay, kinh bao hd, ao choang, mu,
bpc giay, (ing bao hd. Cac thiet bj nay dupc cung cap
cho cae benh vien tuyen huyen cua
tinh
Quang Ninh
trong chuong trinh phdng chdng
ciim
dai
djch.
Hdn the, khi dieu tra ve cac loai hda chat khuf
khuan,
cae benh vien deu cd cac loai hda chat nhu
hda chat khuf khuan be mat, hda
chat
khuf khuan
tay,
hda chat khuf khua'n khdng khi, hda cha't khuf khuan
dd vai, hda chat khuf khuan dung cu, thiet bj y te.
Trong dd
chii
yeu la cloramin B, cidex, dung djch khii
khuan nhanh SDS. Day la dieu dang ghi nhan tai cac
benh vien d tuyen huyen, noi ma dieu kien co sd vat
chat edn nhieu khd khan han che.
2.
Thirc trang thudc thiet yeu trong dieu trj
cum A
Thudc dieu
tri
cum A
Tamiflu
Thudc
thiet
yeu
Nhdm A
2/3
3/3
NhdmB
2/3
3/3
Ca 2 nhdm benh vien
chi
cd 2/3 sd benh vien cd
Tamiflu,
vdi sd lupng khdng nhieu. Theo khuyen cao
cua Bd y te, Tamiflu la loai thudc cd ban nha't cho
viec phdng chdng va dieu tri
ciim
dai
djch,
la loai
thudc khdng the thieu. Cac loai
thudj;
thiet yeu trong
hdi sire cap
ciJli nhu
trp tim mach, hd trp hd hap, cac
loai djch truyen va khang sinh thi cac benh vien deu
cd,
nhung thudng
chi
cd
sin
tai cac khoa hdi sufc cap
cufu va khoa
DUOc.
Tai cac khoa npi, khoa truyen
nhilm,
khoa
nhi cac
loai thudc tren thudng thieu
hoac cd nhung sd
lUdng
khdng nhieu, khdng du dap
umg vdi mpt sd lupng benh nhan nhieu nhap vien
trong mdt liic. Day cung la mat cdn han che cua cac
benh vien tuyen huyen, cung vdi trang thiet bj la viec
cung cap cac loai thudc men chUa dupc day dii, kjp
thdi tdi tat ca cac khoa trong benh
vien.
Khi duoc phong van
true
tiep nhan vien cua benh
vien,
dac biet la tai phdng kham benh, khoa xet
nghiem,
khoa truyen nhilm, khoa npi, khoa hdi sifc
cap
cifu dac
biet chu trpng vao cac cau hoi ve co
sd vat chat lien quan tdi chan doan va dieu trj
ciim
A, chung tdi deu nhan dUdc cau tra Idi chung
cQa
ea
2 nhdm benh vien dd la
tliUc
trang cd sd vat chat
cdn nhieu thieu
thdn,
ngudn kinh phi cdn han hep,
dac biet la ngudn nhan
lUc
cdn thieu, trong do phai
ke den ngudn nhan
lUc
cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao,
cd trinh dp trong chan doan va dieu trj cum A. Thirc
trang nay xay ra d hau het cac benh vien tuyen
huyen trong ca nUdc.
KET LUAN
1.
Cd sd vat chat va trang thiet bj trong cac benh
vien tuyen huyen thupc 2 nhdm
ciia tinh Quarig
Ninh
cdn nhieu thieu
thdn,
duoc trang bj chua ddng bp,
chua dat tieu chuan, da sd deu khdng dap img
difOc
khi cd cum dai djch xay ra tren dien rdng, vdi sd lupng
benh nhan Idn. Day cung la thUc trang chung cua cac
benh vien tuyen huyen trong ca nUdc.
2.
Ben canh viec thieu thdn ve trang thiet bi,
ngudn thudc thiet yeu cho dieu tri
ciim
A va cac thudc
can thiet diing trong cap cufu hdi sinh tim phdi
cOa
cac
benh vien cung rat thieu
thdn,
tuy cd
sin
nhung cap
va du tru cho cac khoa lam sang chUa hop ly, chifa
day du.
Viec
tranp
bj co sd vat cha't, ky thuat, thudc thiet
yeu
giuip
chan doan va dieu trj
ciim
dai djch cho cac
benh vien tuyen huyen
ciia tinh
Quang Ninh ndi rieng
va cac
tinh
khac trong ca nUdc ndi chung la rat can
thiet, nham tang cUdng
cO
sd vat chat ky thuat, nang
eao nang
lUc
chan doan, dieu tri va dU phdng cum dai
djch trong thdi gian tdi mdt
each
tdt hOn.
TAI
LIEU THAM
KHAO
1.
Vien Ve sinh Dich tl Trung UOng,
Tinh
hinh
cum
A/H5N1 tai Viet Nam. 2003-2005. 2005, Vien Ve sinh
Djch te Trung Udng: Ha Npi.
2.
Tran HiTu
Bich,
La Ngpc Quang, and B.V. TrUdng,
Dinh gii tdng hgp eie nghien cifu v§ thdng tin giio
due,
truyen thdng vi kiin thac, thii dd, thac hinh trong
phdng ngda cum gia cim tai Viet nam td
2003
tdi
2006.
2007,
Trudng Dai hpe Y te Cdng cpng.
3. CARE International in Vietnam, Knowledge -
Attidutes - Practices Study of
SmaH
Holder
Poultry
Raising Farmers in Response to Avian
Influenza.
2005:
Hanoi,
p. 16-25.
4.
R. Fielding et al., Avian Influenza Risk
Perception,
Hong Kong. Emergency Infectious Disease, 2004.
11(2005):
p. 677-682.
5. Ban
chi
dao qudc gia phdng chdng
dioh
cum gia
cam,
Bdnh cum gia cim vi bidn phap plidng
chong.
2005,
Ha Npi: Nha xuat ban Ndng nghiep.
6. The Academy of Education Development, Avian
Flu Baseline
Sun/ey
Backyard Poultry Farmers of
Viel
Nam. 2005, The Academy of Education Development:
Hanoi.
56
Y HOC THUC HANH (751) - SO
2/2011