BỘ KIẾN THỨC THPT ÔN THI ĐH-CĐ
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (3.27 MB, 98 trang )
!"#$#
!"#$%&'()*'!+
,
-
.
,
/.00 !")+0/$1#
!+ '/ '2!+ 3 !"!#)45/
6 7 08+ 9:! ;'3 !"<=>?>)+@A
>B
CD)'-,E
,E
!+>F) @:G H!H//A=
!) F'/
C.@AIJ<K
L
E
π
E
'!+80J</
%&'()*+,+&&&% &/
! &/MFG)+)$H!H/NFGM0F:)+(:<)$M
0H!H/.0'OP0F(87'"Q87>B
R ( S!H
T U : H
T !"'). VV
T !" -W,-/
,W
-WLX/
,W
YYV/
E
Z U C
Z U.!@ -,/
Y
-,/
Y
2)[' U%'>'()*' U%(\8?>'()*' UG/N
00>F:FG8?>H!H]!:)$/
%&'(0,+12+3-4565+&7 &/
^_ H!H=A`!"#'*/.0H!HA`!"
<8?'"3:+=!:H!H/^AaP!:`%<,EJA`!"
PH!H4`%</S!H]!:*>$8*FGbF8A$
/S!H]!:*>+!J`!"8*FGb3()+%c0$
(/d:H!H'e'P>H!H 'f !+!:H!H8e+/
^g>H!H '=!:!+,
,
/
D A a P !: H!H
, E L
T UP!:H!H T d h
8
DH!H ' , X X E,
h_ !:H!H!F '" +0:G!:/.0H!H=&=:G!:A
`!"8?/
T U0:G!:!+0i0 jB>:%k/
D:G!:P=!:H!H8?>AaP!:/^%5!:Tl=:G!:>/
d:d,,:G!:!+>)+:/d:hEE:G!:!+>:%///
DH!H '=:G!:B:G!:>A ',H!H:G!::A '-
H!H:G!:%A 'H!H:G!:kA 'LH!H/
d:H!H DH!H ' RG8H!H0:G!:
T , >
,
d, X ,>
,
,:
-
hE X E>
,
E:
-
E%
!"#$%&
d+08 I% c>a:G8H!H0!:)+:G!:/Da:G8P0H!H
GH0!)+;Q>B
mF0 (870H!H 3!<!"08
A`!"n#:!/
^=8 lI [#!+ H!H)+ H!H+I'=
a;0 [;5 P_ H!H/
^&=:G!:0H!H>o:G808 >>H!H'=
G!+ ')+0H!H+:7 [a; /
!
>,>,:E>E:L>E%L:V>L%V:->LkV%-:W>Vk-%
^%5B.#JH!HPpHpH
,C
pH
EC
pHB>
,
,>
,
,:
-
E>
,
E:
-
E%
-
L>
,
pH
,C
B>
,
,>
,
,:
-
E>
,
E:
-
E%
-
qpH
EC
B>
,
,>
,
,:
-
E>
,
E:
-
E%
V
r+ 9:J> :<`'M)* 8J)+0'*
f
D U'"H@A\C'\!+g>F:!+g
>F(/
Z ) X,f'<87<+;!9>B
≤ ≤
!
9:
;
! &<,=+8M0&' UFG/ZI0'*
fI`A)+> O' UFG\/
>
?@)2!+i&>:0)[>(%'> P
b0/
^%5 '8'M)*!+
, E
N s ^
8JP=
, E
C 8C C///
^'
,
E
///!+> P0%M)*28///!++:<t(AP0
'M)*'/
'()$%*+*,
.0'">Q:3:H [`%<P' UFG/
.0&>!:H!H'"3:)+=+/
.0&>H!H*'"3:)+==/
-(./0
"#$
h_ f'">Q:3:)+=@P87/DAaP@!+> U
/
"%&'(
rM0+Pb&>!:H!H'">Q:3:H [
`%<' UFG/
r7<+8MWJ'EJ$)+LJ!/
"&)$
rM0#JH!HP(a)+#f
< /
r7<+X Unu'3Kuuu)+Xrur'3Kuuur/h_
== KuuurE=/
C.0+H!H &' [)+:G!:>O:=/
C.0+H!H &' [)+:G!:%Ok=r/
'(.12$%&
^=JB^H [`%<P' UFG80P0
7%</
^=B^H [n% 800`%</
-()34
&)&&*+
,!-$&./0.& &&*
'&1!23&45"
A
^=JH [`P' UFG`!" A#`%</
^=H [n% `!" 7%</
5(678
67809,7$0:& '&5&;<< ,!$0)
=&8!"
^=JH [`P' UFG'=G' U`%</
^=H [n% '=G' U 7%</
9(:
T 3:0fH [' UFG`%<>a8 3'g <+P
!:H!H+ &
'(27;<7
>&' 30:& '&5&?<< 3 &-& @4A&=&'0:
& '&5&<< 3 &-& 8"
^=JH [`P' UFG !F 7%<'Mj :
`%</
^=H [n% !F `%<'Mj :
7%</
-(=>
^=J*#P=) `%<n'3W/.2*)
' 7%<nL'3/
5(2,<?@(
^=JH [`P' UFG P0 )+ ' `%<
'Mj 8v( 7%</
^=H [n% P0 )+ ' 7%<'M
j 8v(`%</
9(6>A0
B>&&*,$C&&-&=&/-&&*,04&*-&=&*3
D$0)E0F/& -&< &,09&&3&8!"
r 3)*P=87<+I>#FP
')+"!F /
r 3)*P=87<+I>i#(87P
.I>>0#fP0?87<+/
:
wP0 !F : !+'F'3#J8[)iP
38?09H!HF I":# :H!HF":#=
0*;Q80/
.0 3'e!:)$H!H8e2%'bMF ]%F:G=/
ZO' IP0":#%!+ U'=7 U'=>@ %c0
%@ :GaN
,
x/N":# @%y' U]%F I%y' U 7
/d 3 @#8e2)+@'*@
/
ZO' IP0":#! 3=*!+ U'=7)+ U'=>@ #:(
>) ":# /d 3=*&H0H:P8 I +! 3
!+H:P5! 3π!+H:P8/3 H>O:H!H%& i
! 3=*'" +! 3'(! 3'@ )+! 38/3 H)*P
O:H!H%& i ! 3=*M! 3=*@a
,
N
,
.!
,
///)+! 3=*aN.!N
E
N
,
x////3 HMPO:
H!H%&! 3=*M! 39: )+! 3=*@
j/
d 3=*#8e2)+'*@ /r] )90:G
":#=*=J%F#'*Bz 0A% U>0: 0
80% U/
T@ 9{+ i0# I! 3 )+=0*/j j
%& U>'=G' U∆χ'I|=# I! 30fJ/3 U>'=G' U∆χ≥
WJ#' I! 3 3 U>'=G' U∆χ}WJ#' I! 3=0
*F !UNp∆χ~W)y=!F ! 3=0*/^! 3=*
j 2:G8 U! 3=*:Ga ∆χ≥L)+! 3=*@:G
a
}∆χ}L/
.I>>0 I! 30f;87>B
BC& BC&+D,&72
NJ+ i !F ' IJ)+:
' IJ/
N U>'=G' U∆χ≥W
NJ + i 0
O< /
N U>'=G' U≤∆χ}W
!F j H!H ] +
%(/: 9H!H]
+ G/.0 0 %#b8?!a
.0 : H!H/ .0
H!H%&=FGP7
/^%5BN
,
N.!///
E
b•' U/^%5B.!h.!
,
///
r7#B%!ab•' U i0
' U0 %#/
d 3 = 0 * @ a '@
H!H%&@8*!U)[
+B
,
N
,
///≤∆χ}L
d 3=0*a '@ H!H
%&8*!U)[=BNr
N
,
x/
W~∆χ≥L
d 39: !+=j": P! 3=0*/^''@ H!H
%&'"J+%='/^%5:G!€' Dx
,
@
A#FPDx
,
D
d 39'" U8?=4 /h_ 4 8 I% c=O:H!H%&
'4 !+H!H'<!+9H!H/
.@AH!HB8 c% c_ O:H!H%&8? %##/
.@A#FB3_ O:H!H%&@AH!H8?=)F
'"@A#F/.@A#F8 3Ja3":P0:G
/
^%5B@AH!H)+@A#FP !+
x
N
x
x
N
Da! 08 !+>ag":3P08 F+08 ! 0
U/.0%F! 0jO:!+B
Cd 0>:
E
Bg":=8 >) 88 :F88 /6! 0A% U
!+Y
,X•/^%5:G.N
L
J%FA% U8?]
GA% U8 ']8'lPA% U/
Cd 0>:
,
Bg":=8 >) 8 :F+88 ! 0/6! 0 0
!+,
/^%5:G.
,
N
L
08 P8! 0>:
,
%'J%F:G
'";'*8] ! 3!+,
/
d 0>:
,
d 0>:
E
d 0>:
F
Cd 0>:Bg":P=8 >) =8 :F 8 ! 0/6! 0>:!+
X
/
^%5:G.
,
N
,
78?='jz/
d 3σ)+! 3πB 9'=H!H!#9:)+7 i'j F
G>aH:P508 f !+! 3σ/T 9'=H!H!#
])[ :PO:z:G>aH:P808 ! 3π/d 3π
|8[(! 3σ/d 3'(B!+! 30f8?=O:H!H%&/d 3
'(lM! 3σ/d 3'@ M=! 3δ)+=! 3π/d 38M=! 3δ
)+ ! 3π/
.0":# j U'=7 U'=>@ .!
X
./^
0":#:G U'=7 U'=>@ #:/
.0":##bF IjA (
0":#F I:Gj|8['0 ))///
.0 I !F '[%‚%y' U)+%y U/
G$ H& ,7$ =&8!-09&,!,$0)AE5
0I&J'E! =&8!0-'E "
B18>+C,1D&E
ZI0'*> 0n@A:Gj %a)+0;Q>B
G &H+D 0P0'(#8?/
G &H+8^<30":#
I> 0PN!+Cn0":#PN) !F N.N
,
JN> 0
/
I> 0Px!+,n=>j":N
,
x
,
p
,
xx> 0!<!"!+C/
G &H+>^=:Gg> 0P08?@/^H;Q+
IJ> 0P=+':G38 3> 0P02!F /
G &H+A^ '(> 0P8?' UP '/^
'g> 0P0 '8?' UP/
FGEZI8 I% c> 0J) 3%#>>2'I8 I% c' UJ) 3>
%#>/3' U!+COI) 3'( 7!+CO>' ) > 0:7 ) 3
'<'P7%#)+iCO/
B18>+C,1D!;
^=>:G '#F:AF:> 0P0P
&=I0/K U0'*> 0H@A:Gl>
08J2'I0'*0> 0Pn:G:7 %a)+@
J
A#F/Z [+'O8 U b:bIG8?0:7A 0P":#i(
l=:9 :7A 0=0'( 7)+%c%+(/
QB 0O:H!H'[!U++)[:P'=G' U
!( 'H>H!H+j9'I0'*> 0P/
^%5B
h=IMF ] [F0 0> 00/
^%5BI0> 0BECC,CECLCV/
DI0> 0B,CLC-
9#3=MF ]F0 0B
C.#JlI 7> 0lI') 2!+# 0/
C^#:#JlI`> 0lI') 2!+#/
C^ J)nI`> 0)nI 7> 0I') 2!+#
0O#/
^A!+I%a'0# 0P=#%a)+> 0P0
:G/
^%5B^N
E
> 0E!+> 0#:#lI`> 0A!+
lI') 2!+#0:7A0f/
^Nx
E
> 0CV!+> 0#lI 7> 0A!+l
I') 2!+# 0/
,+0,+12+,+<0,+K&L+K+MND& &<
D 0G#:#P=8?>H!H '+=P
'I9'I'F'"#JP 3l7' ) 0: 0 !F
@> 0G/N8?X>AaP ) NB,>AaP%
3>Nl H!H
^%5B.0KR///VH!H0*I9 'EH!H>
0#:#!+E/
.0uK.D LH!H0*I9 'LH!H> 0
#:#!+L/
.0Kuup.!ruWH!H0*/.I9 'H!H>
0#:#!+/
D 0%(B> 0%(#P=8?>AaP/
^%5B.0uT//H!H0*> 0%(#!+
C/
O
.0Kuup.!ruWH!H0*> 0%(#!+CW/
.0 !F jl=> %(8?>H!H0*) pH,> 0
%(!+C,)+CE.E> 0%(!+C,CE)+C-.,> 0%(!+C)+C,/
. [0'IG8?:(J:7A 0(PQ(,(1<9(PQ
(,(&RST565+&79(PQ(,(&RSTU565+&7/]'Gl'[9:'3:(:0:
`8?H!H)J'G!+:(:0:'( 7!F IG8?<30:(J
:7A 0/.08G8?H:(:0:+>B
PV+w0'*> 0P0:7Al8 I% c> 0P
i+>a'g > 0/^n'%a)+%# U98 3'I0'*#
0#/
PV+8K 3;0J 0)+;0J)+G8?_ ;0J/
PV+>^JU>":# 0)+#HQBg>H!H:7
8?g>H!H9/^A!+' J8= >$#P>H!H)+>H!H9
>'!#8= >' >H!HO9J'"U>P#)+# 0
(A/
PV+AZOU>P# 0)+#)+:(J:7A/D'G8?'30
#@ )+:7A 0/
PV+:T I!F 3;7/
WXYR7A 0'( 7@@ j
rBw0'*> 0# 0#
.# 0BpH
CE
pH
,
x
E
.#B
,
N
r,BK 30;0J 0
,pH
CE
C,EH
→
,pH
;0J
,
N
→
,N
C
C,H;0J 0
%&;KL&&* H& M'&!N)&OP$Q&4R =&8!&(=&5&&9P$MJ&OP$
=&8!N- S(&'&!M H& N4"2&@TU<
A
)&OP$-V =&8!
4U<
W
A
@ /&&9P$V- S(&'&!A H& "
XQY^JU> ;0J 0)+
r= >$#rD.-%'U>_ ;0J>B
,pH
CE
C,EH→,pH
E
,
N
→,N
C
C,H
XQZZOU># 0#)+:(J
Z
pH
,
x
E
CEN
,
→ ,pHCEN
,
x
XQ[T I!F 0U>:(J3'e'bJ++) UG8?3>
<H!F n8/
WXY8R7A 0'# 02) 2!+@ j
XQRw0'*> 0# 0#
.# 0BD
C-
N
,
Dx
L
.#B.
XQVK 3;0J 0;0JB
.→.
C,
C,H;0J 0
D
C-
C,H→D
CL
;0J
XQY^JU> ;0J 0)+
rD.,
.→.
C,
C,H
D
C-
C,H→D
CL
XQZZOU># 0#)+:(J
\
GW
D0)]-&* H& D0)]-^?&9P$,)
=&4(&'&^=&5-&9P$,S(&'&!-=&57&=&/&-^?"
&&=&*0)&]&&?8J&9P$$_"
XQ[T I!F 0U>:(J3'e'bJ++) UG8?3> <
H!F n8/
WXY>R7A 0:AF:B [# 0O
XQRw0'*> 0# 0#
.# 0Bx
,
.#BpH
C,
D
pHD
,
XQVK 3;0J 0;0JB
\ )&&*'&!-U<
AG
7=&8!/ES(& H& ,&;`
7&S(&0)3A&;K055 O9P$! =&8!U<G
U<
-G
-RV
,pH
C,
→,pH
CE
C,HpH
,
x
E
pH
CE
U>,
,,D
→,D
CL
CHpHD
,
D
U>,
,pHD
,
→,pH
CE
C,D
CL
C,,H
,pHD
,
→,pH
CE
C,D
CL
C,,H;0J 0
x
,
CLH→,x
,
;0J
XQY^JU> ;0J 0)+
rD.LL
,,pHD
,
→,pH
CE
,D
CL
C,,H
x
,
CLH→,x
,
XQZZOU># 0#)+:(J
XQ[T I!F 0U>:(J3'e'bJ++) UG8?3> <
H!F n8/
.# 0F:7A) #FF# 03()+#3(/
w| O: 0Bxw
ƒT
)+xw
,
ƒT
,
xw
CT
,
→T
Cxw
,
R7A7 B
^ 0Bxw
~xw
,
^BT
,
~T
^%5BpHF(.)+ .
,C
0F( pH
,C
pH'„'"
.$ PB
C, C,
L L
pH C . Dx pHDx .
→ +
-('( 1!,1HIE
.0: Bx
,
.!
,
r
,
///
.0 ": # Thx
L
! :H T
,
.
,
x
W
! ' T.!x
E
! !
.!x :! ///
.0 N
,
Dx
L
'O Nx
E
/
FGE
K Thx
L
€H@ j7:7A+h
CW
8*0F0 00
B
Ch@ j N
C
Bh
CW
→h
C,
MF ]%F h
,C
Ch@ jN
,
xBh
CW
→h
CL
MF ]%Fhx
,
Ch@ j [xN
Bh
CW
→h
C-
MF ]%FT
,
hx
L
^%5B
,Thx
L
CTuCXN
,
Dx
L
→,hDx
L
CVu
,
C-T
,
Dx
L
CXN
,
x
8
,,Thx
L
C-TuCLN
,
x→,hx
,
CEu
,
CXTxN
E,Thx
L
CN
,
x
,
C,TxN→,T
,
hx
L
Cx
,
C,N
,
x
aQW
b&< 5&*,&*'&!-`07,H-
I'&!H$3&
H& '&&B
CL
x
,
C,
x
C
,
x
,
E
N
L
x
E
/
^%5B
pHC-Nx
E'O
→pHx
E
E
CEx
,
CEN
,
x
,pHCLNx
E!e
→pHx
E
E
CxC,N
,
x
-(-( 1!&HIE
.0 !F 8 '/
.0":#N
,
DN
E
.x///
h=>#)n 0)nN
,
x
,
Dx
,
///
R7A I'" +8!F B:7A @j:7A
= :G)+:7Aa a/
R7Aa a!+:7A'>a`)+ 7'Mj > 00
P&=&> 08'</R7A = :G!+
:7A'#)+# &==!F :GbI=&=
@&> 8'</
sF8+ 9:+I 7 8? [:(:0:0:(:0:'F >:(
:0:8J:(:0:` 7 !"/^ ' ) 08+ 9:f0;0
J :(:0:Qf)+87##!+(PQ(,(S[&%565+&7
&4=&=5 -<<
QB^;0J:7A JB
DHj>H
OB >!Hj>!H
T 7 @<) 3:(J:7A+l<JH;0J:7A
8 !H%#j)+8 !H%# 0)+/
d+%eiO: P !F '">Q:3:H [3' Ua„P0O:
`%<•!+ [ 7%<P !F `%< P
!F /
s 'G!+%e' U„P=> !F @%5B
T
C
ƒT
C
ƒh
,C
ƒh!
EC
ƒ!\
,C
ƒ\pH
,C
ƒpH
,C
ƒ D
,C
ƒDR8
,C
ƒR8,N
C
ƒN
,
.
,C
ƒ.
C
ƒ
EC
ƒ
S
,YE,W,EW W-LL,ELECELCX
CVK
>
9|B^3' Ua„S
h
C
ƒh+!J&W0KP h
C
-3&)+&W
B/P !F h-E)+"!F /
\!6;7]5X!S]5
8
-]5
8I
&-
!
!!
!
"
""
"#
##
#
I
\
I
8I
8I
!
I
8I
6
>I
8I
;
8I
7
>I
]5
8I
X
8I
!
8I
8I
S
8I
]5
>I
I
-
8I
]5
>I
8I
I
&
8I
-
>I
$
$$
$
%
%%
%&
&&
&
'
''
'
"
""
"#
##
#
^+MX_.1`K+-a+MBN6
,&W0KB/
^%@ 3' Ua„P !F S
h
C
ƒh+!J P !
+F)+P !F h+3)+"!F /
Sb,+12+*-+M([c0KB/T !F PO: 3' Ua$(
'" !F PO: 3' Ua!(/ 00+&BN6
O: &E09Q&4I0K1Pd+BN6O: )
&E09&1&4"
K%5B i O: B
S
CELKCXK
^J ,
C
C.…,C.
,C
,C.
,C
…@:7A/
\N6&7+e(0KUB/3' Ua„K'„'" '$ %%* /
00 N
C
O:,N
C
ƒN
,
I'„'"i !F O: 3
' Ua$(3' UaG/
. [P:7A i,O: '">('M8?; Q:α/
^%5B
(
(
K%5B i O: B
S
,EWKK
^J ,N
C
Ch…N
,
Ch
,C
h
,C
CN
,
…@:7A/
iO: P !F I' Ua„$(K3' UaG
I'" N
C
%%* +N
,
/ 00 N
C
I '"
!F 0O: /
^%5
+,
+
+,
,
,
+
A
)
)
S
W-K S
K
+b,+12-3&1`1D+-a+M(1`K
D#' U'=„P: ' U8?3' Ua„Pa%(n' 3' Ua
„PaGB
* * *
+" ," ,/!
0 0 0= −
WXY
† ^>#' U'=„P: ' U.B
(
)
* * *
1
(
0 0 0
(
+
+
= −
CXKCELKL-K
† ^>#' U'=„P: ' U\R8B
(
)
(
)
* * *
+
12 )
0 0 0
12 )
+ +
= − EKW-K-EK
D#' U'=P: ' U4I'">B>#' U'=„P: ' U
8?3„n' 3 „B
* * *
+ $%&
0 0 0= −
WXY^>#' U'=„P: ' U.B
: 7>a
C
+3„!+CXK/
: 7>a .+.
,C
3 „!+CELK/
^B
* * *
1
0 0 0
= −
CXKCELKL-K
† ^>#' U'=„P: ' U\R8B
^3„PR8
,C
→R8!+EK/
^3 „Pv→\
,C
!+W-K/
^B
* * *
+
0 0 0
= −
EKW-K-EK
fg
^3' Ua„PO: P !F I 0*%(3O:
'A>O:,N
C
ƒN
,
%e' U„/NO 0*G3O: 'AO:
,N
C
ƒN
,
%e' U„/
D#' U'=„P: ' UJ!@!@ 0*%(/
D#' U'=„P: ' U8?3' Ua„Pa%(n' 3' Ua„
PaG/D#' U'=P: ' U!@!@!+>%(/
K%5BD#' U'=„P: ' U\‡.8?B
S
:
EL‡W-K
D#' U'=„P: ' U\‡R88?B
S
:
E‡W--EK
:
Xb,+12&C1`+h++-a+M+e(0KiB/
Ne0'* 3' Ua„P O:
,C
ƒ S
,Cƒ
r 3S
: .
-K)+
S
.,Cƒ.
CELK/.aC!+' Ua'M/
S
: .
S
.,Cƒ.
S
,Cƒ
K9BS
,Cƒ
S
.,Cƒ.
S
: .
CELK‡-K,-K
j?#k!lm!nj\om!pq8:
Z
\N6 !r([cB/ CB/+-as
Z
n6p
\
\
I
I5→
→→
→\
U89O8
8I
I85→
→→
→
U89JF
!
!
I
I5→
→→
→!
U89F
8I
I85→
→→
→
U89>F
6
6
>I
I>5→
→→
→6
U9EE
;
;
8I
I
85
→
→→
→;
UZ9FE
7
7
>I
I>5→
→→
→7
UZ9FA
]5
]5
8I
I85→
→→
→]5
UZ9AA
X
X
8I
I85→
→→
→X
UZ9AZ
!
!
8I
I85→
→→
→!
UZ98:
8I
I85→
→→
→
UZ9A
S
S
8I
I85→
→→
→S
Z98
8
8
I
I85→
→→
→
8
Z9ZZ
-
-
8I
I85→
→→
→-
IZ9>A
8I
I85→
→→
→
IZ9FO
I
I5→
→→
→
IZ9JZ
-
-
>I
I>5→
→→
→-
I9:Z
At!u!\#vw#
A?2^d+>a:0P !F O": %0%5P0#@ j/
N9;7P>a`2 !F !+ !F 8* + %(%'>o#3#)9
!fP !F B
h…h
C
CH
A8x6.`A)+@ j)+(3P>a`2 !F j :G+ !F
tNyK=+d+;0J '0H!HP !F '"
Ia 3:'30#@ j/
^j7 !F ]i8=:9P 38*!+'j 3:b
) ( x
,
.!
,
///
E
^%5B EpHCLN
,
x
→
pH
E
x
L
CLN
,
↑
,pHCE.!
,
→
,pH.!
E
EpHC,x
,
→
pH
E
x
L
StNy1`Kd+>a`2 !F %0%5P%%*#' U! )+F
%2' U/
E' [ UP>a`2' UB
C.0' Ua:7 0/
C.0' Ua 3:ba 3:O 0 3:) ;%G%y/
C.0' Ua& 3:b) %%*#' U! /
dˆB) ,O:T! 3:b37`2' UJT!F>o8*`2'
) 2!+aG/
A>,++<RNyBN6
[)`S*Ne&8?>(%<#%‚O0F8?= !F 08*`2/
[)`1`K8?0%&= !F 0F(Q)+)9 !F <
87)U/
J('(6KK>
s&'I' [30%%* [TxNxN6 )H///
pG-,&74+&&B.0 !F n\
I
1C6
>I
%e' U
/
T 'N
,
x :7A 7u:N
,
B
,N
,
xC,H→N
,
↑C,xN
.0 !F >!
EC
H!H)+80)+
^%5B.
,C
C,H→.
^Aa :7AP0 !F )+N
C
H [") %e' UP0
!F /.0 !F +FJ Pb +3)+"!F /
SpG-,&74&B'" + j":!+(J:! //)+/
^j":F'=B!+8?pH. //s&'I 30 !F
F0 !F ;ˆ 38?:(:0:' U:G/
jH!H20 l') 2I%*' U/
^j":@(B
.0 GjH!HHAaBD
,
~u
~r
~.!
~xN
FGE^Aa+l'b M'=0 !+('(/
.0
, ,
E L E
x Dx .x
@8* %%*/
J(-(6/$L=
-
M7
s&'I' [30 !F FT.!/
^%5B,.!
→,C.!
,
F
J(5(6>ANK$
T !"#0' Ua!+
u!+j'=%2' U:G/
!+j ' U:G G/
!+ !"!
!+>!H!H'g /
p !+ ? > p% !+ ' U P = ! H!H -,E/
8>
-/
Y
. Y-V .
!/
.@A8 I% c'*!9p%B
u
p
× ×
×
O(9( 12+C78P1"8
D!H!H
H
u
p
×
qpY-V3j 8? Gqp,-X3j 8?
j/
J(J(."87*++Q7*C
^j ' U:G]08J!+/
.j'=%2' U;08J0j'=%2' UF8?gj'=
%2' U0F0/
!!"#
sj'=%2' U)+j ' :G!+>!H!H'g ]_
8J!+/
O('(C8/R
^'=:7A!+'=8 3 M'=P=0#:7AO>7:„
='()*j /
^%5BM'=8'<P
,
x
V
!+,EEh>XL GM'=!+,Xh/
^'=8JP:7A7j XL GH
,
x
V
!+B
,
x
V
→
,
x
L
C
,
,
$
E
,EE ,X
E-/ ƒ /
XL
% &' '
−
−
= =
C.@Ag;0'=:7AB
,
,
. .
K
‰.
K
‰
%
B'=8J
^'B∆.B8 3 M'=
J
∆B8 3 j
^g;0B
C3BCr
→
.Cs⇒KT/[]/[r]
C3BCr
→
:.C;s⇒KT/[]
/[r]
'T!+?>'=:7A
^H; BM'=8?!ƒ!j I!+ G:b j/
^'=:7A'"8?a U/
.037]'3'=:7A
Š]PM'=
(!)*+,-#./0 +,#./)/
Š]P0:>#
1 !23!#./4-5&!!)6#-0 +,#./)7
Š]P U'=
(!)!8+,0 +,#./)7
Š]P% U8[O
1 !23!#./4-&!0!)!859&:0 +,#./)7
Š]P#b0
-;<6'=-'=&) +,#./0>!?#./7
O(- SR
[cND&+*-9([c&-'2+)%+xSTK=+
7@./&,!9
^%5BRG‹T.!x
E
b0hx
,
:7A7>B
,T.!x
E
,
hx
→
,T.!CEx
,
↑
R7A+l7H= [n0 >:7 /@./>"+>AB!'=#./
&,!9/s&4 l [:7A/
7@./C
D E+!9!8#./;.FG!!96!>AB! '=#./C
/
^%5B.!
,
CN
,
x
N.!CN.!x
9|B.!
,
:7A) N
,
xFN.!)N.!x'Mj N.!)+N.!x> 40%5
!F ) F!F .!
,
)+N
,
x/
7HI4B
HI4B'=J6!K#./C! +,#./CI +,
#./K
9
K
*
/
^%5BN
,
Cu
,
,Nu
R7A9
R
7A
*
O
%/N?>G8?HM'=P:7A9*B
3BCr
.Cs⇒
[
]
[
]
[ ] [ ]
/
/
L
(
M
=
^g;0BCr
:.C;s
[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
# N
&
L
(
M
=
8h+ LX2++xSTK=+
OPFQHI4B'=P!FQRJ6!HI=FJ6!HI
66+,K6F" R?=!'?HI7
,x
,
+G'$
,
x
L
@+
>,+.C-&<[Pz1C+xSTK=+
7S>TK*+,
T `O 7M'==#G8?JG8?8 j4%*IH
[!+ 70%5P) U`O 7M'=#'/
7S>TK6#-
T `O 70:>#PUG8?JG8?8 j4%*IH [!+
70%5P) U`O 70:>#'/
7S>TK!8+,
R7A7 U
∆
}B!+:7A77`!"% %F0>0O>A
/R7A U
∆
~B!+:7A7#:5`!"/
R(J UfB!+:(Jf 7 UA U/
T ` U'=G8?I%*H [:7A U•!+ [!+ 70
%5P) U` U'=)+ 7 U'=G8?I%*H [:7A$ U
[!+ 70%5P) U 7 U'=/
TAL$%G@<U<@<%E
,#./C+TJ6!HI!&,6+,R?=!>!"
+U!*+,06#-0!8+,0VFQHIG!9'=&!.&6+,?=!+47
8Z
#l?#k!#
#?2^
ŒDa' U! !+;0J:G! P0#O#]F0 7
/
Œ.#' U! B!+i#:G! /
s'%%*#' U! %y' U'"/^%5.!!+#' U! )J'")+
:G!
C
)+.!
'j@:7 !+#' U! O%&'"@
:G! 0 /
#8?D1`6nα
αα
αp)%+3&1`6N9.C-
Z=' U! α:P#' U! !+l>:G:G! )+g>:G+
/
α
q}α≤3H:<`Jt}α≤t
^%5%%*.N
E
.xxNLEhA:G.N
E
.xxN+Jl,:G
:G! '=' U! !+Bα
,
,,t/
3α;0J' U! @7'!+#@' U! /
3α'!+#' U! F 0:G+'[:G! /
.0 FN.!Nx
E
///08v(FxNTxN///)+<30 =
!F #' U! F/
^:(J' U! P#' U! Fj %&4 l [P;0J' U
! /^%5B
rxN
,
→r
,C
C,xN
3}α}'!+0#' U! 3 l=:<>:G+
:G! :<2!F )yMF % %F:G%%*/
.0 3.N
E
.xxNN
,
DN
,
.x
E
///08v(3hxN
,
.xN
,
///=!F #
' U! 3/
^:(J' U! P#' U! 3j %&4 [l [P;0
J' U! /^%5B
.N
E
.xxN
.N
E
.xx
CN
C
N?>G8?' U! '" UT
' U!
T :!e%%*'=' U! P0#' U! '[`/
## C&0&US{Q+M75-&
B!+# :G! N
C
8
l:G! =# N
C
f !+ =#%5B
N.!→N
C
C.!
+:G:G! [# N
C
f !+ [#%5B
N
,
Dx
L
→N
C
C
L
NDx
NDx
L
N
C
C
,
L
Dx
rv(B!+# :G! xN
rv(l:G! =# xN
f !+8v(=#%5B
xN→
C
CxN
rv(+:G:G! [# xN
!+8v( [#%5B
.xN
,
→.xN
C
CxN
.xN
C
.
,C
CxN
N ' !B!+# )nI:G! )nI:G!
8v(/^%5B
:G! I8v(
,
,
\x
N ' !jO:!+B!xN
E
R8xN
,
.xN
E
DxN
,
/
Z*•B !+#j:N
C
8v(!+#9:
rv(CN
C
^H3+N
,
x!+":#!BN
,
xCN
,
x
N
E
x
C
CxN
N?>:G! BDa:G! P 3!+;0J9*?>G
8?:G! +'" U!+T
/6 #P?>G8?T
l:5=)+
87# )+ U'=/
^%5T
P .N
E
.xxN'"8 I% c>B
.N
E
.xxN
N
C
C.N
E
.xx
T
C
E
E
•N Ž•.N .xx Ž
.N .xxN
O.N
E
.xxNCN
,
x
N
E
x
C
C.N
E
.xx
T
C
E E
E
•N x Ž•.N .xx Ž
.N .xxN
'•N
C
Ž•.N
E
.xx
Ž•.N
E
.xxNŽ!+M'=!ƒ!PN
C
.N
E
.xx
.N
E
.xxN!bG8?/
6 0*T
P +$!a P+3/^%5],V
.T
P.N
E
.xxN
!+WV/
V
)+PN.!x!+V/
J
K9!a PN.!x3(P.N
E
.xxN/
N?>:G! 8v(BN?>G8?:G! 8v('" U!+T
8
l:5=)+87
#8v()+ U'=/6 0*T
8
P8v(+$!a8v(8v(P+3/
^%5BN
E
CN
,
x
C
L
N
CxN
T
8
C
L
E
•N Ž•xN Ž
•N Ž
88
U-<B!+":# :G! !F ON
L
C
)+ /
Ch +B!+ :G@27`:G! N
C
/
^%5B T
,
Dx
L
→,T
C
C
,
L
Dx
Ch B!+ :G)y2 '7`:G! N
C
^%5B N.x
E
→
C
C
E
N.x
E
N.x
N
C
C
,
E
.x
<WXY
@$
0Y
@$
2Z[!+#H>#.!'=& !;!
Ch :AF:B |:%5.!/T.!q :A%5•N
E
,
Ž.!
.!/T.!→
C
CT
C
C,.!
•N
E
,
Ž.!→•N
E
,
Ž
C
C.!
•N
E
,
Ž
C
C
C,N
E
("'CXDF";!\]KM?UN6]F";!\]KG!2=45+
'>A^P2=(
0(
!"'P;!2='P\]7
^> PB
,
N x
T •N
C
Ž•xN
Ž
L
],V
.!+?>] U'=@'g /^%
%*!eP0#0],V
.!@•N
C
Ž•xN
Ž
A
s'8 3'"M'=N
C
%%*
>o'"M'=xN
%%*')+"!F /^%5B^%%*M
'=N
C
E
hJM'=xN
!+B•xN
Ž
L
ĥN
C
Ž
L
ƒ
E
/
•:N!•N
C
Ž•N
C
Ž
:N
J3•N
C
Ž
:N
Ch@ j•N
C
Ž•xN
Ž
W
:NW
Ch@ j B•N
C
Ž~
W
:N}W
Ch@ j8v(B•N
C
Ž}
W
:N~W
@./J=-"KX
^%5:(J:GB
,
Dx
L
Cr.!
,
→rDx
L
↓C,.!
R(J '<'PB,
C
C
,
L
Dx
Cr
,C
C,.!
→rDx
L
↓C,
C
C,.!
R(J bfB
,
L
Dx
Cr
,
→rDx
L
↓
@./J=-+!8'!F"X
CR7AF+B
^%5B xNCN.!→.!CN
,
x
R(J bfB xN
CN
C
→N
,
x
CR7AF+ 3B
^%5B N.!C.N
E
.xx→.!C.N
E
.xxN
8>
R(J bfB N
C
C.N
E
.xx
→.N
E
.xxN
@./J=-5X
^%5B
,
.x
E
CN
,
Dx
L
→
,
Dx
L
CN
,
xC.x
,
↑
R(J bfB
,
E
.x
C,N
C
→N
,
xC.x
,
↑
\C&6-'BR7A'g %%*0#' U! V,/$2!7
18WBF+#3PF+#F+#' U! 3/
T0 U)[>a‹:GP B:7A'g i +)+!+:7A
‹:GP /
R7A‹:GPB#],V
.:NW'F '>:7A‹:G
!+'g :NP/
Ch +F8] P8v(F)+ 3 38*
‹:G@ jP%%*!+ [:N~W/^%5.N
E
.xxT
,
D
,
.x
E
/
Ch +F8] P8v(3)+ F P8v(
38*‹:G!+%%* :N}W/^%5N
L
.!pH.!
E
\r
,
/
^%5%%*N
L
.!:N}W'"[&W+>B
N
L
.!→
C
L
N
C.!
C
L
N
CN
,
xN
E
CN
E
x
C
.0 N
C
'" 7 :@ j:N}W
Ch +F8] P8v(F)+ F @8*‹
:G@ jP%%*)y:NW/^%5.!Tx
E
Tu/
Ch +F8] P8v(3)+ 3 P8v(
3)+ 3'[8*‹:G/h@ j!+ [:5=)+'=‹:GP,
'/^%5N
L
,
.x
E
!
,
D
E
/
Ch N.x
E
TN
,
Rx
L
T
,
NRx
L
+)+:G! 0 N.x
E
N
,
Rx
L
NRx
L
,
0 +!+!b:7A) @ jP%%*€
=)+87#P /
8A
#\,`N)*,=+r-+Q)%+3&r-+Q
N0fi(!++f A0":#P8n0":#
'( 78 8' 0 80":# /
ZO' IP0":#i(B
D!"0jF+0":#i(@ [/# 3:7
j!+O:;!)+!]>''30'G0'>_0##///
d 30fP3":#i(!+! 3=0*/
.0":#i(j%c8( |8[ U%c0(0":#)@(/
.0:7A0fi(j% c9)+@++H=#
'*/
D!"0":#i(7 U#>) 0#)@(l7/#/
@H'J!A#-`]2=5-&, -!?!Q
. !F !!+17++S)++,+X|0-3&+M17++S0":#i(A
A/
N '8'" +8!F !+ '8l! 3'( '8@
7! 3'()+0! 3'@ 8)+0 '8(:G)28HvH/
RG!F ":#i(H+:< '8)+%y#/
ABd+Gi:7A'OP:G":#i(/
Ch=>!F AfB
KN
+c+
3-&7f+ '-&<
KN
+c+
3-&7f+ '-&<
HH
HH
H
H H
'H
!
8:
KN
+c+
3-&7f+ '-&<
KN
+c+
3-&7f+ '-&<
' H
' H
8!
H
@9
!
!H
wBp.!
ru
@9
!
!H
@9
C
@9
!
! H>H
:H!
:H!
^+:<)+@A:G
D=#aF? P0":#i('"8 I% c8?0@A0B
P18 3+:<'*0/K%5B.Nxv8 3#i
('eA8.N)+x
8@/3&'"0'*8?a U8 3‹!U)[>!"0
:G/K%5B.N
,
x
&8 3>!"P_ :GA!+8 3 0*
P/K%5B.N
,
x
,.
,
N
L
x
,
/ZI0'*'"@A:G<8 3+:<
0)+ !"!:GP/
@H5+52=+'>A6F?
RG'*!+90#i(/YF?K#H5+5
'=FQ6F? -`]=6-2]+]!.2=bC!"P?6
5-+:>K<7K%5'IJ.)+Nj #i(_":) 8=.x
# 0%2 (/D'9N
,
x>7:„8?#bF
N
,
Dx
L
'O.x
,
8?)@ /
