Báo cáo môn điện tử y sinh đề tài các nhóm máu


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BÁO CÁO
 !"
#$ %&%
Giảng viên hướng dẫn :
'()*+,+ (
Sinh viên thực hiện : Nhóm 1
-/(01,+'
'()*+23+245
'()*+0(+'45
06+7+'489:+'
;06+'<=+2
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
2>55?(@A+=B+C35DEF1G+H5I=JK+2-/(L-/(LML9N=O2?E2-P+@/
+>Q27+'4-E0;+E2.'-R-=>L9N=5?(+2S+ET8H5I=JK=?=E.F38ET85?(@35DE
UV=2W=+,+'=X4=?=E.F38LML9N=Y2?5O2?Q
83+FDJZ(@S+E4)J-E0()/+=X4=245[L9N=E\5E2Z)E08+'5?(H5DE'-<E
5?(C3LXL]^?=L_+2E83+FD@`EC-P(J-E0()/+=X45DE=?+2S+Q3Fa-@\'b+C3
).(EVET8+;+=2W=+,+'=cE2]=X4=2d+'E4H=2d+'=e+'f+229a+'L.+E1+2=?=2
@3^?=L_+2E1+2Y21=X4=2d+'E4Q
2g+'Y +E2W=0D+'2c+=>E2]E ECD+2-/(E1+2=?=2=X45DE+'9:-H=>
E2]O2?=2<4Y2()+229R+'=X45DE+'9:-LV-@R-FP+2E`EHE1+2Y21=X45DE
+'9:-HE2`5=21=fY2f+,+'E9c+'E21=2'-g4=8++'9:-=e+'=>E2]L9N=E ECDQ
()+2-;+H=2d+'E4@G+=294F ELX=2-E EH+29+'Y.Eh(fE2i=+'2-P5LM=2W+'
5-+20j+'HEK)E2(D=@38+2>55?(H5DE+'9:-=>E2]=>5DEUVLI=L-]5E1=2
=?=2O2kF +Q
ZE+2-;+HFT+L9N=U-+204@R-E1+2Y21Ul+=>H+29+'23+2@-C3E2WLTE
L9N=Fj+'=?=2E9c+'E?=@R-57-E09:+'Q-?8Jm==>E2]L_+22\+2E1+2=?=2=c
Ff+H=>E2]^S)Ji+'=?-Y2?=HEVE24)^Z(H+29+'57-E09:+'535DE+'9:-

E09a+'E23+2E29:+'LT-J-P+=285DE572\+2Qn8L>HY2-+'9:-E4LTEL.+Ui
E09a+'E23+2H2<=f5+2`+5<-E2WE2b8=?=22<LML9N=JT)H+29+'Y27+'+2ZE
E2 EO2f-E2b8Ff++,+'QDEUVE1+2+,+'=cFf+=X4=?=2=2d+'E4+2\+@323+2
^oE08+'E2.'-R-L9N=O2kF +E2b8=?=+2>55?(Q
MỤC LỤC
:-+>-L6(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
m=Cm=QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
I. _=2Uo+2>55?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
II. '();+Ep=J-E0()/+5?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
III. 2>55?(q""QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
IV. 2(D=E1+2=?=+2>55?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
1. c-Uf+^(ZE5?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
2. 23+2O26+=X45?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
3. Z(ET82r+'=6(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
4. B+'E(6+283+5?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
V. s29c+'O2?O^tE+'2-P5+2>55?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
1. '();+CuQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
2. nm+'=mH2>4=2ZEQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
a) nm+'=mQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
b) >4=2ZEQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
3. v()E0\+2YwE2(`EQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
4. 2g+'+'();++2S+U4-C65QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
a) n8E2 (Y-]5E04QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
b) n8+265CA+@/2().EE24+228=QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
VI. n-+2J9x+'=285?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
VII. ?=FP+2C-;+h(4+ER-5?(QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
3-C-P(E245Y2f8QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
I. LỊCH SỬ CÁC NHÓM MÁU
PC32P+2>55?(L9N=O2?E2-P+UR5+2ZEFa-4+JUEb-+b0
yF?=Uw+'9:-%8H'-f-8FbC!2<=z{|}~

,5z{}zH4+JUEb-+b0O2?E2-P+=?=+2>55?(H+2>55?(@3
+2>55?(Q
,5z{}•Hnb=4UEbCC8@3"E(0C-O2?E2-P+04+2>55?(Q
,5z{z|H+;(04UcLrE0()/+5?(Ji4@38Ui2B42NO'-g4+2>5
5?(+'9:-=28@3+'9:-+2`+Q
2b8E0;+CuE2().EE2\O2S+FV+2>55?('r5
€}•H•€•@3•€•H€•
"iY2?=F-PEC3J8E‚CP=X4@3Y27+'O2f-=21+2^?=283+E83+
+;+=>Ui=2;+2CP=2+3)Q
0;+E2i=E.E2\E2b8=8+UVE2V+'Y;E4=>
 ƒƒQƒ••
 |ƒQ„|•
 z|Q…z•
 †Qzƒ•
II. NGUYÊN TẮC DI TRUYỀN MÁU
PE2V+'+2>55?(HHL9N=J-E0()/+E2b8h()C(`Eb+JbC@3=>ƒ
+2>55?(=cFf+C3HH@3Qv()L_+2+2>55?('r5|'b+54+'
E1+2E0T+'E0D-C3Cb+HCb+CHC@35DE54+'E1+2E0T+'CI+C3Cb+C8Q\
@`)+'9:-+2>55?(=>E2]54+'Y-]('b+CC28I=CC8‡+'9:-+2>5
5?(=>E2]54+'Y-]('b+CC28I=CC8‡+'9:-=>+2>55?(54+'
Y-]('b+CC‡+'9:-+2>55?(54+'Y-]('b+C8C8Q
2>55?(
=>•JT+'
'b+b 
44y+2>5
E2(6+
=2X+'~@3
48
FFy+2>5
E2(6+=2X+'~@3F8

88yJ88C3'b+bCI++;+=2‚F-](2-P+Y2-=f•'b+b=K+'^(ZE2-P+~
4FyC3+2>5E()+2-;+Y2f+,+'^(ZE2-P+0ZEE2ZO~
"iET8044FL9N=^(ZEO2?EEˆh(?E0\+2C4-'-g44F^4F28I=44^
FFQ
2du @\UVC9N+'+'9:-E2(6+=2X+'@30ZE2 5Q3=2‚=>‰Y2f
+,+'4FC4-@R-+24(ET804Q
?=E09:+'2NOY.E2NO+2>55?(
24b8+
zH^Š
•H^ŠH
|H^ŠH
ƒH^ŠH
€H^ŠH
…H^ŠHHH
†H^ŠHH
„H^ŠH
{H^ŠHH
z}H^ŠHH
09:+'2NO=2454+'+2>55?(@A+=>E2]U-+2=8++2>55?(+.(
5[C3+2>55?(28I=y•E09:+'2NOL9N=L?+2JZ(~Q
>E2]Ji4@38+2>55?(L]^?=L_+2h(4+2P2().EE2V+'+29+'=e+'
+2-/(E09:+'2NOLI=F-PE=245[+2>55?(HU-+2=8++2>55?(Q
III. NHÓM MÁU RHESUS
2@ EEpE=X4=2g2bU(UH+'2‹4C3O2S+C8T-5?(E2b8).(EV02bU(UQ
,+=W@38UiY2?=F-PEY2-+'2-;+=W(@/Ui@`+=2()]+8^)=X42r+'
=6(HE2\H=?=2r+'=6(=>E2]54+'a5IE+'83-5DEO08Eb-+'<-C32bU(U
24)Yu2-P(C32Q0;+CS5U3+'HLS)C32PE2V+'+2>55?(h(4+E0<+'
+2ZEU4(Q-P++4)E08+'2PE2V+'+2>55?(+3)LM^?=L_+2L9N=
€}C8T-Y2?+'+'();+Q08+'L>€Y2?+'+'();+H=HnHq@3bC3h(4+
E0<+'+2ZEHLI=F-PEC3Y2?+'+'();+n@R-E1+2U-+25-*+J_=2=48@3

E1+2Y2?+'+'();+5T+2Q0T+'E2?-2S5E-+224)J9c+'E1+2aLS)
=21+2C3E0T+'E2?-S5E1+224)J9c+'E1+2@R-Y2?+'+'();+nQ.(
=>Y2?+'+'();+nE2\C3+2>52ŒyJ9c+'E1+2~H+.(Y27+'=>C3
2•yS5E1+2~Q?=+2>55?(HHH532•E2\L9N='<-C3S5
E1+2•H•H•H•Q2bU(UC35DELI=L-]5J-E0()/+=X45Ž-=?+2S+
@3Er+ET-U(VE=(D=L:-Q08+'L>H+2>55?(2•0ZE2 5'IOHa-PE
45H2>55?(2•=2‚=2 5}H}ƒ•H=B+2>52Œ=2 5L.+
{{H{…•QI=L-]5=X4+2>55?(2+3)C3=2d+'=2‚=>E2]+2`+@3=28
+'9:-=K+'+2>55?(HLI=F-PEO2m+g=>+2>55?(2•E2\=8+0ZEJ*
Eo@8+'
'9:-=>+2>55?(2Œ=2‚=>E2]=28+'9:-=e+'=>+2>55?(
2Œ@3+2`++'9:-=>+2>55?(2Œ28I=2•
'9:-=>+2>55?(2•=>E2]=28+'9:-=>+2>55?(2Œ28I=
2•+29+'=2‚+2`+L9N=+'9:-=>+2>55?(2•53E27-
09:+'2NO+'9:-=>+2>55?(2•L9N=E0()/+5?(2ŒHE08+'C6+
L6(E-;+U•Y27+'=>FZEY•O2f+W+'EW=E2\+38^f)04Q()+2-;+U4(
E2:-'-4+••ƒE(6+=cE2]=X4+'9:-54+'+2>55?(2•U•Uf+U-+204
C9N+'Y2?+'E2]yY2?+'n~LXCR+L]C35+'9+'Y.E2r+'=6(2ŒL9N=
E0()/+@38=cE2]Q"4(••ƒE2?+'+r+'LDY2?+'E2]U•LTE5W=EV-L4HY2-
L>+.(E OEm=E0()/+5?(2ŒC6+E2W•U•'S)04+2g+'2`(h(f
+'2-;5E0<+'J8E4-F +E0()/+5?(Q
2f+,+'E9c+'E21=2
>E2]=28•+2`+Q
27+'E2]=28•+2`+Q
f+' E9c+'E21=22r+'=6(+'9:-=28@3+2`+
IV. THUỘC TÍNH CÁC NHÓM MÁU
1. Nơi sản xuất máu
X)^9c+'C3C8T-57a'-g426(2.E=?=^9c+'Q>C3+c-Uf+
^(ZE=?=C8T-E.F385?(Q
X)^9c+'=>24-C8T-E.F38'V='r5=?=E.F38ET85?(

y+'(r+'V==X4|C8T-E.F385?(~@3=?=E.F38+/+yUf+
^(ZE5xHUm+@3^9c+'~Q?=E.F38+/+'V==B+=>Y2f+,+'F-PE2>4
E23+2+2-/(C8T-57Y2?=+24(HY]=f57E26+Y-+2Q?=E.F385?(
'V=ET8042r+'=6(HFT=2=6(@3E-](=6(Q
2. Thành phần của máu
?(=2 5†•E0<+'C9N+'=cE2]H@R-E‘E0<+'E0(+'F\+2Y28f+'
z}…}Y'’5|H'6+'-V+'@R-E‘E0<+'+9R=+'();+=2ZE
yz}}}Y'’5|~Q'9:-E09a+'E23+2E0(+'F\+2=>Y28f+'€C1E5?(HF48
'r55DEUVC8T-2().E=6(Y2?=+24(24)=B+'<-C3E23+2O26+2g(
2\+2@32().EE9c+'Q().E=6('r52r+'=6(HFT=2=6(H@3E-](=6(Q
2b8E2]E1=22r+'=6(=2 5Y28f+'ƒ€•UVE.F385?(H2().EE9c+'
=2 5Y28f+'€ƒH|•H@3FT=2=6(Y28f+'}H†•Q
• ().E=6(
?=E23+2O26+2g(2\+2'r5
• r+'=6( =2 5Y28f+'{…•Q“LD+'@`E=>@dH2r+'=6(
E09a+'E23+25ZE+2S+@3=?=F38h(4+Qr+'=6(
=2W42b58'C8F-+@3=>+2-P5@m=21+2C3@`+=2()]+@3O2S+
O2V-7^)Q
• T=2=6( =2 5Y28f+'|•C35DEO26+h(4+E0<+'=X4
2P5-*+J_=2=>+2-P5@mE-;(J-PE=?=E?=+2S+'S)+2-*5
E0K+'@3O2?ELD+'L?OW+'5-*+J_=2=X4=cE2]Q
• -](=6( =2 5Y28f+'z•H=2_(E0?=2+2-P5E08+'h(?
E0\+2L7+'5?(Q-](=6(E245'-40ZEUR5@38@-P=2\+2E23+2
+dEE-](=6(HF9R=Y2a-L6(=X4h(?E0\+22\+2E23+2=m=5?(
L7+'E08+'=2Z+E29c+'5T=25?(+2”Q
• ().EE9c+'
().EE9c+'C3J(+'J_=2=2W4L.+{…•+9R=Hƒ•C3
=?=O08Eb-+2().EE9c+'@30ZE+2-/(=2ZEY2?=@R-5DEC9N+'+2”HL7-
Y2-=2‚aJT+'@.EQ?=E23+2O26+=21+2=X42().EE9c+''r5
• CF(5-+

• ?=).(EVL7+'5?(
• ?='C8F(C-+5-*+J_=2y-55(+8'C8F(C-+~24)Y2?+'
E2]y4+E-F8J)~
• ?=28058+b
• ?=O08Eb-+Y2?=
• ?==2ZEL-P+'-f-y=2X).(C34E0-@3C8H+'83-04=B+=>=4+
^-HY4C-HO28UO24EbQ
• ?==2ZEE2f-Y2?==X4=cE2]Q
3. Cấu tạo hồng cầu
r+'=6(=2 52c+{{•E08+'=?=E23+2O26+2g(2\+2=X4
5?(Q“LD+'@`E+29=?HC9x+'=9HFBU?EH=2-5H2r+'=6(2\+2F6(
Jm==>+2S+‡aL4UVE2dY2?=2r+'=6(JT+'2\+2L‹4C•524-5IE@3
Y27+'=>+2S++292r+'=6(=X4+'9:-Qr+'=6(E09a+'E23+2HC9(
E27+'E08+'5?(C3E.F38Y27+'=>+2S+Q“+'9:-E08+'L-/(Y-P+Ei
+2-;+H2r+'=6(=>2\+2L‹424-5IEC•5HL9:+'Y1+2†•„–5HF/J3)
O26++'8T-@-•••H€–5@3O26+E0(+'ES5z–5HE2]E1=2E0(+'F\+2
{}•{€–5|Q\+2JT+'+3)=>24-CN-L-]5+29U4( 
Œ,+'J-P+E1=2F/5IEE O^d=C35E,+'Y2f+,+'Y2(.=2E?+
Y21E2;5|}•U8@R-2r+'=6(=K+'E2]E1=253=>JT+'2\+2=6(Q
Œ35=282r+'=6(E0a+;+=i=Y•5/5J—8H=>E2]L-h(4=?=
5485T=22[O53Y27+''S)Ek+E29c+'5485T=2=e+'+29Ff+
E2S+2r+'=6(Q
Z(E0d==X42r+'=6(LI=F-PEE21=2W+'@R-=2W=+,+'@`+
=2()]+Y218^)Q
4. Vòng tuần hoàn máu
• PE(6+283+C32P=ch(4+=>=2W=+,+'E(6+283+5?(E08+'=cE2]
=X426(2.E=?=LD+'@`EQPE(6+283+@`+=2()]+=2ZEJ-+2J9x+'H
7^)H=4=F8+L-7^1EH28058+HE.F385?(04@3@38=?=E.F38E08+'=c
E2]L]+(7-J9x+'+>@3'-dO=2V+'CT-FP+2E`EHk+L_+2+2-PELD=c
E2]@3LDOH@3L]J()E0\=S+Fj+'+D-57-Q

• 2W=+,+'
• `+=2()]+8^)'b+@3=2ZEJ-+2J9x+'L.+=?==ch(4+E08+'
=cE2]4+'=?==2ZEE2f-=X4h(?E0\+2E048Lk-=2ZEL.+=?==c
h(4+F3-E E>@4-E0BE08+'2P5-*+J_=2=2V+'CT-Ui+2-*5
Y2(G+
• `+=2()]+28058+b
• ch(4+
• n_=2E(6+283+ =B+'<-C35?(HJK+'L]@`+=2()]+8^)'b+@3
=2ZEJ-+2J9x+'HY21•L.+=?=E.F38=e+'+2954+'=2ZE
E2f-EˆE.F38E0a@/@3E28?E04+'83-Fj+'=?==ch(4+F3-E EQ
• -5 ET8Ui=2;+2CP=2@/?OU(ZEL]C35=285?(C9(E27+'Q
• T=25?( JK+'L]@`+=2()]+5?(Q
• ?=JT+'
• PE2V+'E(6+283+5a
• PE2V+'E(6+283+Y1+
• PE2V+'E(6+283+Lc+
• PE2V+'E(6+283+YtO
• B+'E(6+283+O2k- ?(U4(Y2-F_Y2o7•^)L9N=L94@38ES5+2‹
O2f-aE08+'E-5HEˆLS)5?(L9N==2()]+U4+'ES5E2ZEO2f-@3L9N=
Fc5C;+O2k-h(4LD+'5T=2O2k-Q“O2k-H5?('-f-E28?EY21
•@32ZOE2m7•^)0r-h(4)E0aCT-E-5h(4E‹+25T=2O2k-Q
• B+'E(6+283+2PE2V+' 5?(=2f)J9R-?OCi==48EˆES5E2ZE
E0?-h(4LD+'5T=2=2XL]O2S+O2V-L-Y2pO=cE2]Q"4(Y2-E048Lk-
=2ZE@R-=?=E.F38E08+'57H5?(E0aCT-ES5+2‹O2f-h(4E‹+25T=2
=2XE0;+@3E‹+25T=2=2XJ9R-Y.EE2d=@B+'E(6+283+Q
V. PHƯƠNG PHÁP XÉT NGHIỆM NHÓM MÁU
P+2>55?(=>24-Y2?+'+'();+C3Y2?+'+'();+@3
Y2?+'+'();+H+'83-04=B+5DEUV+'9:-=>Y2?+'+'();+24)
).(HE()+2-;+E‘CP0ZEE2ZOHE;+=X4+2>55?(C3E;+=?=Y2?+'
+'();+=>5IEE0;+2r+'=6(Q-]5LI=F-PEa2P+2>55?(C3

Ui=>5IE=X4Y2?+'E2]Ei+2-;+5DE=?=2E29:+'^();+a+2g+'
+'9:-Y27+'=>Y2?+'+'();+E9c+'W+'E0;+53+'2r+'=6(HJ8@`)
=>E2]^?=L_+2Ui=>5IE=X4Y2?+'+'();+h(4@-P=^?=L_+2Ui
@p+'5IE=X4Y2?+'E2]E9c+'W+'E08+'2().EE24+2Q
1. Nguyên lý
r+'=6(54+'Y2?+'+'();+24)Y2?+'+'();+U•F_
+'9+'Y.EY2-=28E O^d=@R-Y2?+'E2]=2V+'24)Y2?+'E2]
=2V+'E08+'57-E09:+'+9R=5(V-QQ
 >24-O29c+'O2?O^?=L_+2+2>55?(2PC3 yz~
O29c+'O2?O2().EE24+25A(C3JK+'Y2?+'E2]LMF EL]O2?E2-P+
Y2?+'+'();+E9c+'W+'E0;+53+'2r+'=6(@3y•~O29c+'O2?O
2r+'=6(5A(C3JK+'2r+'=6(5A(LMF EE09R=Y2?+'+'();+L]
^?=L_+2Y2?+'E2]E9c+'W+'E08+'2().EE24+2HEˆL>U()04Y2?+'
+'();+E0;+2r+'=6(=6+E2oQ
2. Dụng cụ , hóa chất
a. nm+'=m
• s2 +Y1+2
• 7+'E2Z5
• -5CZ)5A(
• V+'+'2-P5=2W45A(
• -?Li+'V+'+'2-P5
• t8
• 35DEUVJm+'=mY2?=
b. >4=2ZE
• +E-
• +E-
• +E-
• r+{}
8
• 9R==ZE

3. Quy trình kỹ thuật
Z)|5C5?(E‹+25T=2H
•s242r+'=6(FP+2+2S+E2b8E‚CPz}•E08+'4C}H{•EˆV+'
=2V+'L7+'yz'-<E2r+'=6(Œ{'-<E4C}H{•~Q
•)ES5E?=22().EE24+2EˆV+'Y27+'=2V+'L7+'Q
•2(G+F_O2 +Y1+2@R-ƒ@_E01zH•H|Hƒ
•2”@38=?=@_E01zH•H|Hƒ5Ž-@_E01•'-<E2().EE24+25A(E9c+'
W+'Q
•2”@38=?=@_E01zH•H|Hƒ5Ž-@_E01z'-<E2r+'=6(z}•=X4FP+2
+2S+Q
•nK+'Le4E2X)E-+2HE0D+L/(=?=@_E01E23+2=?=2\+2E0B+=>L9:+'
Y1+2Eˆ••|=5Q
•p=E0B+L/(O2 +Y1+2E08+'Y28f+'•|O2dEQ
•<=Y.Eh(fJi4E0;+2-P+E9N+'+'9+'Y.E28I=Y27+'+'9+'Y.EQ
yŒ~.(+'9+'Y.E ?=2r+'=6(U•LW+'=2m5@R-
+24(E23+25DEL?524)+2-/(L?5
y•~.(Y27+'+'9+'Y.E ?=2r+'=6(LW+'0:-
0T=Q
•\+2E29:+'U•=>ƒE09:+'2NO^f)04E9c+'W+'@R-ƒ+2>55?(
C3
4. Những nguyên nhân sai lầm
a) Do thiếu kiểm tra
 27+'Y(-]5E04+;++265E;+28I=E0K+'E;+FP+2+2S+H
 27+'Y-]5E04+;+CA+U-+2O2G5HU-+2O2G52”+'
 0\+2LD=2();+57+Yt5H28I=E2 (E2`+E0<+'HE +23+2
Y27+'E2b8h()E0\+2Q
 ‘CP2().EE24+25A(@32r+'=6(5A(Y27+'E9c+'W+'
 ]h(?CS(5R-L<=Y.Eh(fHL<=Y.Eh(fh(?+24+2Q
b) Do nhầm lẫn về huyết thanh học:
•'9+'Y.EY27+'LI=2-P( 

Œn82r+'=6(5A(@32().EE24+25A(+2-*5E0K+'28I=F +
=2ZE
Œ?(Ei+'9+'Y.EyY2?+'E2]Ei5-*++>+'@3CT+2~
ŒA(5?(F_+2-*5E0K+'Q
VI. DINH DƯỠNG CHO MÁU
2>55?(@3=?==2.LD,+(V+'L9N=Y2().++'2_=mE2]@R-Eˆ+'
+2>55?(
2>55?(C3+2>55?(L6(E-;+L9N=+2`+JT+'E08+'E2:-Y\E-/+
Uo=X4EkE-;+=2d+'E4@3H@\EkE-;+=X4=2d+'E4O2?EE0-]++2:@385DE
=2.LD,+(V+''-3(=2ZELT5@3Fg4,+=>E2_EC3=21+2=28+;++2>5
5?(LML9N=2\+2E23+2+29+'3)275+4)Q\@`)Y2().+Y21=25<-
+'9:-E2i=2-P+5DE=2.LD,+'-3(=2ZELT5H1E=4=F8+2)J04E=K+'@R-
@-P=JK+'+2-/(E2_E@3=?+29+'Y27+'UoJm+'=?=C8T-E2i=O2G5C35
EˆUg4H=?=C8T-Cd45\28I=+'e=V=Q
2>55?(H@38E2:-L-]5z€H}}}+,5E09R==7+'+'();+Q2B-Y\
E-/+Uo=X4EkE-;+=2d+'E4LMh(4L-Q24)@38L>H2<L_+2=9E08+'
+2g+'=D+'Lr+'E2b8C8T-2\+2E04+'E0T-@3E2i=2-P+5DE=2.LD,+=2‚
E83+C304(+>-=?=2Y2?=C3UoJm+'+2-/(+'e=V=@304(+29+'1EE2_EQ
\@`)HLV-@R-+2g+'+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(HY2().+Y21=25DE=2.
LD,+E83+04(+29+'@A+Y27+'L9N=UoJm+'=?=C8T-Uf+O2G5C35Eˆ
Ug4Q
2>55?(L9N==28C3E +E0-]+@38Y28f+'z}H}}}+,5E09R=
=7+'+'();+HJ8EkE-;+=X4=2d+'E4UV+'J(5m=E29:+'24)F”CT-
+2g+'E04+'E0T-L]Y2?5O2?+2g+'@K+'LZE5R-Qn8@`)H+2g+'+'9:-
54+'+2>55?(+'3)+4)=>E2],+26(2.EFZE=WE2W'\E2_EH=?=
Uf+O2G5EˆUg4H+'e=V=H04(Q@@˜
(V-=K+'+2>55?(LME +E0-]+=?=2LS)z}}}+,5E09R=L]
'-dOEkE-;+=X4=2d+'E4=2()]+E OU4+'E2:-Y\2-P+L4-Q'9:-54+'
+2>55?(@\E2.53=>E2],+=?=C8T-E2i=O2G5O24E0D+=X4=f
+2>55?(@3+2>55?(Q

'83-04HL]O2B+'=2V+'E2 (5?(J8J-+2J9x+'Y27+'L6)LX
y+2ZEC3E2 (UpE~H5ZE5?(5M+E1+228I=J8=cE2]U()+29N=QnK^(ZE
O2?EEˆ+'();++2S++38E2\)2<==e+'Y2().+=?8+'9:-FP+2+;+h(4+
ES5L.++'();+Ep=L6)LX@3=S+LV-E08+'=2.LDJ-+2J9x+'Q
• kU(+'=2ZELT5HUpEy'4+'3H2b8HFBH@_E‡E2`+HE-5H2().E=X4
'3H@_E@32b8‡E2_E+T==X4FBHJ;H2b8H'3H@_E‡CB+'L”E0W+'‡
2f-Uf++29+'2;(HUBH2.+H=?@3=?=C8T-L`(Q~
• 4+LD+'@`EHJ9x+'2().E
• 4+2'4+'3HC?JS(+8+
• 4+2b8+Z(E?8L”
• 2?8'4+2b8HL`(^4+2
Chế độ ăn cho người có nhóm máu O
Máu O - nhóm máu “Người thợ săn”.
?(C3+2>55?(™=k^94š+2ZEH+>O2f+?+2CV-UV+'=X4=8++'9:-E08+'
E2:-Y•+'();+E2X)HY2-=B+O2f-U,+E2d@32?-C9N5E2W=,+L]U-+2UV+'@3
Er+ET-Q-P++4)LS)C3+2>55?(O2kF ++2ZEQ

D5?)=2()]+2>4=X4+2g+'+'9:-=>+2>55?(@`+23+2EVE+2ZE+.(
L9N==(+'=ZO=?=E2W=,+=>E‘CPLT5=48@3FDE•L9:+'E2ZO‡=>+'2‹4+'9:-
=>+2>55?(+;+=2-4Fg4,+C35+2-/(Fg4+2”=>E2_Ey+29+'E0?+2E2_E
2b8~H'3H@_E@3=?Y›504(@3E0?-=S)Q
?=E2W=,+œE2KL_=2œLV-@R-+2g+'+'9:-=>+2>55?('r5 L4UV=?=C8T-
+'e=V=yLI=F-PEC3Cd45\~HL`(2TEH+2-/(C8T-04(E2(D=2<=f-y+29=f-FpOH=f-
0()•^b+HF7+'=f-y^dO•Cc~H=f-5KET=~@3=?=Uf+O2G5EˆUg4Q?=E2W=,+
+3)235=2W4+2g+'Cb=E-+U•JA+ER-O2f+W+'Y.EJ1+2E08+'=cE2]Q'9:-=>
+2>55?(=e+'O2f-Y-;+'=f=3=2(4H@\=3=2(4=>=2W45DECb=E-+LI=F-PE
5T+2H=>Y2f+,+'Y.EJ1+2=?=+2>55?(H@3H=B+=>E;+C3
O4+2b54''C(E-+-+y235uC3=2ZEY.EJ1+2C-;++2>5~Q'9:-E4=e+'LM=2W+'
5-+2Cb=E-+=>E08+'=3=2(4U•C35'-f5235C9N+'5(=-+yE23+2O26+=21+2
=X4=2ZE+26)~E08+'F48EoH=>Y2f+,+'Y.EJ1+2E.F38E26+Y-+2HC-;+h(4+L.+

=c=2.E.F38E E04=2ZE4=-JE08+'F48EoHY2 +=28™=Ž5?)š+3)œ2>=œaE2.
5ayC8=Y-+'8Ob+~Q
2]Jm=+2_OL-P(5T+2C32\+2E2W=E`OC()P+=2V+'UE0bUUEVE+2ZELV-@R-
+'9:-=>+2>55?(H@\2<E2ˆ429a+'L9N==X4EkE-;+•@V+C3+2g+'™E2N
U,+š+2_OLD=2()]+2>4+24+25DEUVCR++,+'C9N+'Q2-/(=7+'E0\+2+'2-;+
=W(=28E2Z)Y2-F_UE0bUUH+'9:-+2>55?(=>Y2()+229R+'E E04+2-/(
=2ZEJA+E0()/+E26+Y-+2a+r+'LD=48y+294J0b+4C-+b@3+80bO-+bO20-+b~2c+
2•++2g+'+'9:-=>+2>55?(Y2?=Q()+2-;+H@/235C9N+'b+ž)5
58+845-+b8^-J4Uby~E2\CT-Yt5=?=+2>55?(Y2?=Q2]Jm=+2_OL-P(
5T+2U•'-dO+2g+'+'9:-+2>55?(L-/(2B4@3=S+LV-=?==2ZEU-+22>4
=2‚L-]5=X4UE0bUUQ
2g+'+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(+.(,+(V+'Y27+'Ld+'U•C35E,+'+'()=c
F_C8tEF48Eo‡@\F48Eo=X42<E2(D=C8T-L9N=E04+'F_L]™E-;(E2_Eš+;+Uf+
^(ZE04+2-/(4=-JQ<=e+'E29:+'F_=2W+'@-;50(DE•2D-=2W+'0(DEJ*F_
Y1=2E21=2y-00-E4FCbF8ŸbCU)+J085b~@3@-;5Y2RO•J8Cb=E-+Y.EJ1+2E08+'Cd4
5\E29:+'JA+ER-5DEO2f+W+'@-;5E08+'0(DE+'9:-=>+2>55?(Q?=
=2ZECb=E-+E08+'Cd45\@3FpO=B+J*'S)Ft8O2\@\=2d+'57O2”+'-+U(C-+=X4
+'9:-=>+2>55?(yY2-C-/(=48-+U(C-+=2()]+L9:+'E23+25xE08+'=?=E.
F38~Q2g+'@Z+L/@/E().+'-?OyL-]+2\+2C3=2W=+,+'E().+'-?O~a+2g+'
+'9:-=>+2>55?(24)F_U()+29N=@3J*F_Cb=E-+E08+'=?=C8T-04(2<=f-
W==2.Q
2i=Lc+EVE+2ZE=28+'9:-=>+2>55?(
Ống tiêu hóa của người thuộc nhóm máu A thích hợp với chế độ ăn có
nguồn đạm chủ yếu từ cây cỏ và ngũ cốc, hoặc cá đánh bắt được từ hồ,
sông, biển kề cận nơi cư ngụ.
2>55?(L9N='<-C3+2>55?(=X4™+'9:-E2N=3)šH^(ZE2-P+U4('-4-L8T+
U,+FpEH2?-C9N5HY2-=?=L3+Ud=@`EE294J6+@3C83-+'9:-FREJ-=2()]+HFpE
F(D=L_+2=95DE=2ŽHO2f-F E=?=2E0r+'0<EH=3)=Z)@3Ff8h(f+E2W=,+E2(
28T=2Q-P++4)H+2g+'+'9:-=>+2>55?(y=2 5ƒ}•JS+UVw~@A+E O
Em=O2?EE0-]+Q<E21=22NO@R-=2.LD,+=2X).(=>+'(r+'V=EˆE2i=@`E+29

=?=Uf+O2G5EˆL`(+3+2H=?=2TE2<L`(H+'e=V=H04(HE0?-=S)QQQ@35DE1E=?Q
2‚+2E28f+'2<=e+'=>E2],+E2_E'3HE2_E@_E@3+2g+'Uf+O2G5EˆUg4C;+5b+
=2(4y+29)48(0E~Q
2g+'E2W=,+=>2T-=285?(+2>5C3E2_E@3=?=Uf+O2G5EˆUg4QnTJ3)=X4
+2g+'+'9:-+3)@V+=2‚h(b+E-;(2>404(H1EE E044^-EY27+'E21=22NO@R-@-P=
E-;(2>4LT5LD+'@`EQ2_EU•L9N==2()]+2>4=2`5@32`(h(fC3LD=EVF_WCT-
E08+'0(DEHC35@-;5EZ)+-;55T=0(DEQ2-+-;55T=LMF_Ek+E29c+'H=?=Cb=E-+
@3LD=EV=>E2]^S5+2`O@38@B+'LT-E(6+283+HJ-=2()]+ER-LS(U•U-+2FP+2
aL>Q2g+'E2W=,+EˆUg4Y27+'L9N=E-;(2>4L.++c-L.+=2V+U•'S)+;+
+2g+'O2f+W+'-+U(C-+Q2-=2W=+,+'JA+L9:+'@38E.F38=X4-+U(C-+Y27+'
L9N=283+EZEH+2_O=2()]+2>4=2`5CT-H+,+'C9N+'Y27+'L9N=E-;(248@3=4C8
Y27+'JK+'ER-U•=2()]+E23+25xJiE0gQ
e+'+29+'9:-=>+2>55?(H+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(=e+'+;+E0?+2,+=3
=2(4Q
2-F_=,+'E2•+'yUE0bUU~H+'9:-=>+2>55?(24)+>+'+f)HJ*C8S(H=?('pEQ
2-/(=7+'E0\+2+'2-;+=W(=28E2Z)+r+'LD=80E-U8CyJ8E().+E29N+'E2`+E E
04~E08+'5?(=X42<=482c++2-/(U8@R-+2g+'+'9:-=>+2>55?(Y2?=Q-/(
+3)'-f-E21=2ET-U48+'9:-+2>55?(=>E‘CP5p=FP+2E-5=482c+=?=+2>5
Y-4Q2g+'57+E2]Jm=+I+'@3=>E1+2=?=2LV-Y2?+'J*C35U()Y-PE+,+'Ci=
E26+Y-+2=X4+2g+'+'9:-+2>55?(Q<E21=22NO2c+@R-+2g+'O29c+'
O2?OC()P+E`O+2[+23+'+29)8'4HE4-•=2-24)+'r-E2-/+H28I=+2g+'57+E2]
E248Y27+'=>E1+2LV-Y2?+'+29L?+2'7+HL-FDHE2]Jm=HFc-CD-HLTO^b24)
+2g+'F3-h()/++2_O=2`5Q
?=FP+2+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(J*5p=O2f-
•P+2E-55T=2 \2<=>C9N+'E0-''C)=b0-J@3=28CbUEb08C5?(=48yJ8E-;(2>4
E2_E@3=2ZEFt8FM82B4Yt5~Q
•+'E29Q
•P+2E2 (5?(?=E1+2 '9:-+2>55?(=>1E4^-EE08+'JTJ3)+;+0ZEY2>
2ZOE2(U-+2EVz•y8F4C45-+~•5DE).(EV=6+E2 E=28@-P=Uf+^(ZE2().EUp=
EV2b58'C8F-+Q

2.LD,+=28+'9:-=>+2>55?(
lại thích hợp với một chế độ ăn gồm thịt rừng, thịt thú nuôi theo đàn (như
cừu), trứng, sản phẩm từ sữa ít chất béo. Ngoài ra, cần ăn thêm cá, đậu hạt,
ngũ cốc, trái cây và rau.
2>55?(L9N='<-C3+2>55?(™+'9:-J(=9šQ>^(ZE2-P+a'-4-L8T+U4(
E08+'h(?E0\+2E +2>4HE21=2+'2-23-2B4@R-L:-UV+'J(=9H=2,++(7-FBH=ˆ(a
+2g+'@K+'=48Q
2g+'E2W=,+Y @R-+'9:-=>+2>55?('r5FpOHY-/(5T=2HL`(C,+'HL`(
O2D+'yCT=~H5›y@ˆ+'~@3Cd45\•@\=2d+'=2W4=?=Cb=E-+C35E0\E0PUi=2()]+
2>42<HJA+ER-5PE5”-HWJ_=2@32TL9:+'2().EQ2_E'3H@V+=>+2g+'Cb=E-+
Y.EJ1+2EZ+=7+'C(r+'5?(E(6+283+=X4+2>5H=e+'=>E2]JA+ER-LDEh( @3
+2g+'FP+20V-C8T+5-*+J_=2QDEUVL`(2TE+29L`(C,+'HL`(E0p+'235=2W4
Cb=E-+=f+E0aE +E0\+2Uf+^(ZE-+U(C-+Qe+'+29@R-+'9:-=>+2>55?(H
+'9:-+2>5=e+'Y27+'+;+,+=3=2(4Q
n81EO2f-™L9c+'L6(š@R-57-E09:+'+29+2>55?(H@31EO2f-=2_(™'?+2
+I+'š@/5IEE2]=2ZE+29+2>55?(+;++2g+'+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(=6+
28TELD+'E2]=2ZE^b+Y•C8T-=9:+'LD=48@R-=?=2\+2E2W=E29'-M+Q1Jm+29
F4+'3)5Ž-E(6+=2c-E2]Jm=+2_OL-P(HL?+2Eb++-UHE`O¡(J8HL-FDHLTO^bLTOH
Fc-CD-H=2T)FD24)=oET‡=B+•+'3)Y2?=E`OE4-•=2-H)8'4H=2c-'7+Q
2g+'+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(=>+2-/(+'()=cF_@-0(UO2?EE0-]+=2`5EZ+
=7+'2PE26+Y-+22c++2g+'+'9:-E2(D=+2>55?(Y2?=Q<=e+'24)F_FP+2
^c=W+'0f-0?=H8(b20-'2c+QP5-*+J_=2=X42<Y27+'+2`+F EL9N==?=
@-0(UY]E0;+Y—E2KQ2_E'3@3FpO@V+=>+2g+'Cb=E-+Y2 ++'9:-+2>55?(
J*+2T)=f52c+@R-C8T-@-0(U+3)+;+=e+'C3+2g+'E2W=,+=6+Y-;+'=gQ
2.LD,+=28+'9:-=>+2>55?(
AB là nhóm máu “mới” nhất trong quá trình tiến hóa, chỉ mới xuất hiện từ
10-15 thể kỷ trở lại đây. Đây là nhóm máu hiếm gặp nhất và có thể còn đang
biến chuyển. Nhưng điều chắc chắn, nhóm máu AB là sự kết hợp đa số các ưu
điểm cũng như nhược điểm của nhóm máu A và B.
Ž-+2>55?(L9N=L?+2JZ(Fa-+2g+'=2ZEU-+22>4=2();+F-PEHE29:+'L9N=

'<-C3U-+2Y2?+'E2]y4+E-'b+U~H'-dO=282P5-*+J_=2F ELS(C3™FT+š@3LS(C3
™E2KšQ.(5DEU-+2Y2?+'E2]Y2?=CT^S5+2`O@38=cE2]H2P5-*+J_=2=X4=c
E2]U•ET804Y2?+'E2]y4+E-F8J)~L]LV-O2>Q2?+'E2]™F?5šCZ)=2ZECTHL?+2
JZ(@3Y2 ++>J*Y.EJ1+2@/5IEU-+22>4Q?=U-+2Y2?+'E2]Y.EJ1+2C-;+U-;(
@-H@-Y2(G+HYuU-+2E0K+'@3E.F38(+'E29@Q@QQQCT-E2(2dECA++24(HJ1+2=2K5
@38+24(@3+2:E2.2P5-*+J_=2=X4=cE2]O2?2X)L9N==2d+'J*J3+'Q
.(=2ZEO08Eb-+=>E;+Cb=E-+E08+'E2W=,+Y27+'E9c+'E21=2@R-=?=U-+2Y2?+'
E2]=X4+2>55?(H=2d+'U•Y.EJ1+2=?=2r+'2().E=6(Q2-/(Cb=E-+E2W=,+
'-V+'=2ZEU-+2Y2?+'E2]+2>55?(L.+LD=?==2ZEU-+2Y2?+'E2]E2(D=+2g+'
+2>55?(Y2?=U•^b5=?=Cb=E-++3)+29™Y—E2Kš@3™FpEE4)š@38E +E0\+2Y.E
J1+2Q
c+E2.+g4H=?=Cb=E-+Y27+'E9c+'E21=2y-+=85O4E-FCbCb=E-+U~E08+'E2W=,+U•
Y2?+'CT-E +E0\+2E-;(2>4+'4)E08+'F48EoHEiY.EJ1+2@38=?=E.F38F48Eo@3
0(DE+8+H28I=™LDE+2`Oš@38JB+'E(6+283+5?(@3J-=2()]+ER-FDO2`+Y2?=
y+29E2`+H'4+H+M8~@3Y.EJ1+2E.F38a+c-=2d+'L<+'CT-Q?=Cb=E-+Y27+'
E9c+'E21=2+3)C35E;C-PE=?==ch(4+@32PE2V+'H'S)E0a+'T-=28@-P=E-;(2>4H
=2()]+2>4E2W=,+HL.+E +E0\+2Uf+^(ZE-+U(C-+@3E?=LD+'C;+E2.h(S+F\+2
28058+bQ
/=cFf+H=2.LD,+EV-9(=X4+'9:-=>+2>55?(=e+''-V+'=2.LD,+=X4
+'9:-=>+2>55?(HEW=C3+'2-;+'@/E2i=@`EH+;+E2;5=?@3=2dEUg4QQQH
+29+'=6+=f+2'-?=@R-+2-/(C8T-E2W=,+E2K+'2_=2LI=W+'yC8UE8¢
-J-8U)+=04E-=¢88J¢8bU~H@3O2f-Y-]5E04E2`EYw+2g+'E2W=,+U•JK+'2c++'9:-
=>+2>55?(Y2?=Q
2>5E2ˆ429a+'=X4+2>55DEF38EoE E041E4=-J@3E2ˆ429a+'Y2f
+,+'E21=2+'2-@R-E2_E=X4+2>5Q.Eh(fC3+'9:-=>+2>55?(,+L9N=
5DE1E=?=C8T-E2_E53+2>5,+L9N=y+29E2_E=ˆ(HE2_EE2”HE2_E'3ES)~‡-;+'
E2_EFBU•'S)Y2>E-;(yY2-2ZOE2(@38=cE2]U•=2()]+2>4E23+25x~‡B+E2_E
'3C35+'9:-=>+2>55?(J*F_U(+'2().EH'S)@-;5F48Eo@30(DEQ3(2e
@32f-Uf+y2NO@R-+2>5~H)48(0E@3E0W+'y2NO@R-+2>5~=e+'C3+2g+'
+'(r+LT5L9N=+2>5=2()]+2>4EVEQ

2g+'E2W=,+Y27+'2NO@R-+2>5C3O26+O2V-Y.E=?=C8T-E2W=,+53+2>5
@3O2f-Y-;+'Q2>55?(E2ˆ429a+'L9N==X4+2>5O2f+W+'
™+'2_=2šLV-@R-=?=C8T-L`(E0p+'2TECR+yY-J+b)Fb4+UHC-54Fb4+U~HFpOHCd4
5T=2yF(=YŸ2b4E~@32TE5›‡3=>Y2()+229R+'J(+'+TOEVE=?=C8T-L`(2TE
+2”yL`(+3+2@3L`(O2D+'=X4+2>5~Q
2>5=B+'-V+'+2>5a=2ŽJ(+'+TOL9N==2ZE'C(Eb+E08+'Cd45\H5I=
JKCd45\=>Y2()+229R+'C35=2`5+2_O=2()]+2>4=X4+2>5@3JA+ER-
E,+'=S+Q08+'=fƒ+2>55?(H=2‚+2>5C3=>@—™5-*+J_=2šy-55(+b~LV-
@R-=3=2(4H=>C•C3J8=?==2ZEY2?+'E2]@3W==2.CA++24(Y27+''p+@38
Cb=E-+=X4=3=2(4Q
Những thừa hưởng khác
'9:-=>+2>55?(E2ˆ429a+'Y-](F_UE0bUU=X4+2>5H@35DEY2-E0f-h(4
'-4-L8T+F?8LD+'=X4E +E0\+2F_UE0bUUE2\'S)O2f+W+'@/5IEE01E(P
y-+EbCCb=E(4CC)~Q?=E().+E29N+'E2`+Y27+'L9N=L-/(2B4Y2 ++'9:-=>+2>5
5?(E29:+'C8S(HJ*=?('pEH+,+'LD+'E2?-h(?y2)Ob04=E-@-E)~H=>Y2-C35
@-P=L.+Y-PEUW=@3J*5p=FP+2+2-*5E0K+'Q
?=57+E2]E248EVE=28+2>5C3+2g+'57+Lb5CT-UiF\+2E2f+@3E`OE0(+'
+294Y-J8Q2g+'57+E2]E248O2K2NO@R-+2>5=>CN-=28+2>5'r5
L?+2'7+HL-FDHFc-CD-H^bLTOQ
2g+'FP+253+'9:-=>+2>5J*5p==e+''-V+'+29+2>5H'r5=?=
FP+2+2-*5E0K+'HFP+2E-5@3=?=C<4-(+'E29Q9c+'Ei+'9:-=>+2>55?(H
@R-LI=L-]5F48EoE E041E4=-JH+'9:-=>+2>55?(=e+'=>Y2()+229R+'
F_FP+2E2 (5?(?=E1+2yOb0+-=-8(U4+b5-4~Qr+'E2:-H2<'-V+'+'9:-=>+2>5
5?(a=2ŽJ*F_=?=FP+2+2-*5U-;(@-+29FP+2^c=W+'0f-0?=y"~@3FP+2
8(b20-'H@\=cE2]Y27+'Uf+^(ZEL9N=+2g+'Y2?+'E2]+2>5y4+E-•
4+E-F8J-bU~Q
VII. CÁC BỆN LIÊN QUAN TỚI MÁU
 P+2@/5?(C35DEE08+'=?=FP+2+'()2-]5@3=6+UiL-/(E0_O2W=
ETOHCS(J3-Qn9R-LS)C3+2g+'E27+'E-+=cFf+@/5DEUVFP+25?(
• P+224C4UUb5-4 35DEFP+2@/5?(J-E0()/+H=cE2]+'9:-F_

FP+2Y27+'ET8L9N=L6)LX2().E=6(EVF\+2E29:+'Q2 (5?(
+3)Yt8J3-H+I+'J6+H+;+J4E0—^4+2^48H+2NE+2TEHE0—5”-5PE
1E28TELD+'H=2`5O2?EE0-]+H+.(L]Yt8J3-E2\'4+C?=2E804HF +
JT+'=fFD5IEQDEL-/(O2-/+E8?-C3E2 (5?(+3)Y27+'L?O
W+'@R-L-/(E0_Fj+'E2(V=H53O2f-L-/(E0_Fj+'E0()/+5?(
+2-/(C6+HL]Ff8Lf5J()E0\C9N+'2().E=6(EVC(7+C(7+E0;+
z}}'’C1EH=>+29@`)E2\E0—5R-=>E2]O2?EE0-]+F\+2E29:+'@3
'4+C?=2Y27+'E804Q
• P+2b58O2-C-4 3FP+20V-C8T+L7+'5?(J-E0()/+J8E2 (
).(EVL7+'5?(„@3{HY2 +FP+2+2S+0ZEJ*F_=2f)5?(@3
Y27+'E2]=65L9N=Q7+'5?(O2mE2(D=@38UiE9c+'E?==X4
+2-/(E23+2O26+E08+'5?(QDE@3-E08+'UVL>L9N='<-C3).(
EVL7+'5?(Q.(5DEE08+'UV=?=).(EVL7+'5?(+3)Y27+'=>
28I=F_E2 (E2\=2f)5?(Yt8J3-=>E2]^f)04QDEFP+2+2S+
b58O2-C-4=>1E).(EVL7+'5?(2c+F\+2E29:+'Q