thiết kế nhà máy sữa với ba dây chuyền sản phẩm là sữa tiệt trùng, sữa chua ăn




MỤC LỤC



 !"#$%&'#()(%* +, "/%&'
01 ,,1 ,%* 234"#"53",6%&'
01 ,,1 ,%* 234"#"53",6%&'"75 ",$89
001 ,,1 ,%* 234"#"53",6":;"'.
0<=><=
0?(@A."B ,5
00C 8 83D5 E;3
0F,G"7HI 8"53",6
0J83K (3 8(4+@;
0L83K (3 8(4+ H9(
0M83K (3 8(4+,N H9(
0O83K (3 8(4+ ,5 E;3
0P;",Q 8",R)" H9(
0STUEV H9(",*
0W'R",X 8#Y "*
0;",Q 8(3 8(4+ 83K  ,Z EB(
F[\
F<B'(,] (X 8 8,;%* 234
F0^53(_3 83D5 E;3
Trần Thị Toan 1


F0&'`a"
F0053(,3- ()( 83D5 E;3b,)(

FFZD(,3Dc (X 8 8,;#",3D$". ,
FFN@KdZD(,3Dc %* 234"#",3D$". ,(X 8 8,;%* 234"%H'
";""7C 8
FF0N@KdZD(,3Dc %* 234"#",3D$". ,(X 8 8,;%* 234"%H'
(,3'e
JfgTh
Ji ,"R) @Q#9%&'";""7C 8
J0i ,"R) @Q#9%&'(,3'e
Lfjkl
L,] dZD"73Dc ",$"`G(,$`$ %&'";""7C 8
L0,] ",$"`G(,$`$ %&'(,3'e
MfTm^n
Ofo<po\oq
Pf>r\s
S[tu
Wf
<=
<\gs

CHƯƠNG 1. TỔNG QUAN VỀ NGÀNH SỮA
1.1. SỮA VÀ CÁC SẢN PHẨM TỪ SỮA.
Trần Thị Toan 2


&'E.a""7R 8 ,& 8ER:",B(+, v3' "7] 8@Q#9@I%Q 8
(R  8HIr@?(`;"@Q#9"7wx.r 8HI8r 8HI`; ,r 8HIE'R@a 8
&'`yE",B(+, (,z'()((,4"d ,dH{ 8@_D@|#(Z @Q%'3
%&'.xE)(", ,+,_ d ,dH{ 8"7R 8%&'@H}(b$",}+.a"()(,,
,y'r":R7'b,-3#G",N. 8R r,4+d~ rbi(,",i(,,;"53,•'
<.a"%* +, ,R ,*Rr"7R 8%&'(,z' ,c3", ,+,_  H9(

>7R"x r<+"rE32"r€ •.‚@HI 8E'("R%xƒrb,R) 8(,4"‚'#>ƒr"'. ‚
#"'. rkrƒr€ •.‚E+'%xr+,R%+,'"'%xƒr()( 83D5 "Q#EH} 8#()(
", ,+,_ +,6
/%&'r(R  8HI@„(,$`$ 7' ,c3ER:%* +, b,)( ,'3r(•8)
"7Gd ,dHN 8('R)(%* +, ,;  'D"75 ",$89#"7R 8 H9(`'R
8K.()(ER:(,i ,%'3
…&'",' ,"7C 8
…&'";""7C 8‚ƒ
…&'(,3'‚^R8,37"ƒ
…&'(,3'Q 8
…x.('R(4+
…)(%* +, b,)("/%&'r(R  8HI(,$`c ", ,.a"%Q%* +, b,)(
‚`Nr+,R.'"ƒ
, ,+,_ ,•',](#8)"7Gd ,dH{ 8(|'%&'
1.1.1. Nước"K ":dH90d: 8
 H9("BdR‚SMoSO†ƒr(•",A")(,@H}("7R 8v3)"71 ,(X@?(r%4D#1
b,X 8(•E5 b$",•',](#9(,Z"b,X
 H9(E5 b$"‚FoJ†ƒr+,6",3a(#R()(", ,+,_  ‡."7R 8,;bxR
‚>7R"x r+,R%+,'""r+RED%'(('7"ƒH9(E5 b$"",HI 88ˆ ()( ,•.
,Ho
0
rossros‰ros‰or
1.1.2. Chất khô"7/ H9(7'(,4"b,X`'R8K."4"(*()(", ,+,_ (|'
%&'
1.1.2.1. Lipit‚(,4"`!Rr()(+,R%+,'""r8E(RE+"r%"xR7"ƒ
 ,4"`!R%&'‚.EbŠ'"ƒE", ,+,_ v3' "7] 8
…c.?"d ,dH{ 8r(,4"`!R(•@a% , e 8EH} 8('Rr(,z'()(#"'. 
,y'"' "7R 8(,4"`!R‚rr€ƒ
Trần Thị Toan 3



…Q#9()(%* +, %&'E5 .x r(,4"`!R* ,,H‹ 8@$ .C#Gr"7: 8
",)(|'%* +, 
 •SPoSS†(,4"`!R(|'%&'E()("78E2x7"ro0†+,R%+,'""r
(,REx%"x7REr('7R"x r#"'. rr€#
 <+""K ":dH9d: 8(_3.{(•@HI 8bi ,"/Wro0W.
1.1.2.2. Hệ thống Protin của sữa.
7R 8d3 8dG(,(•(,z'0bA3+7R"x b,)( ,'3
 >7R"x ,y'"' 'E`3. r.3 R8ER`3E rE%R•r<'("RŠx7 
 >7R"x ‹"7: 8",)bxRb,X 8`c 8K.+,z(,;.2x ,&3(N(|'
()(('%x '"r(' 2+,R%+,'"
1.1.2.3. Lactoza
…<'("R•'(,$.#G"7i, 8@_3"7R 88E32"(|'%&'
…<'("R•'"K ":‹0"7: 8",)"BdR#E5 b$"#9()(+7R"x #()(8E32"
b,)(ŒE;E'("R•'"BdR•E'("R•'E5 b$"EP•
…a 8]"E'("R•'b!.%'(('7R•'EFWE_
…,8' ,;""75 WW
R
",1E'("R•'`G`$ @Ž‚@_3"5 ":R<'("3ER•'r%'3
@•8*+,• 8@HI 8":R7'()(%* +, '2"E'("(r'2"ŠR7.(b$"v3*E.
(,R%&'(•.3 Z3B`$ @Ž DEdR+,* z 88&'E'("R•'…+7R"x r
#9()('2"'. ":R", ,()(,}+(,4"b,X 8`c .xE' R"
1.1.2.4. Các muối.
R"7R 8%&'(•.?"()(R 
…
r'
…
r8
0…
r'

0…
#()(' R (|'()('2"
+,R"+,R7(rE.R (r(ER,Dd7( 5 "7R 8%&'(• ,c3ER:.3Qb,)( ,'3
)(.3Q(|'(ER73'‚Er'Er'E
Zr
r8E
0
•ƒr()(.3Q+,R%+,'"
‚
0
>s
•J
r'
0
>s
J
ƒ()(.3Q2"7'"‚
0
‚
M

M
s
O
ƒr'
0
‚
M

M

s
O
ƒ
0
ƒ
)(.3Q(|''2"+,R"+,R7(E ,& 8,}+(,4"@;.@A ,1 ,(•")(
d6 88&(Z `‡ 8,;.3Q#,;bxR(|'%&'
1.1.2.5. Các Vitamin
k* 8, ,+,_ ()(#"'. "7R 8%&'
‚83K )R"71 ,X 8 8,;(,$`$ %&'#()(%* +, "/%&'ƒ
"'. 8•E "'. 8•E
‚7x" REƒ WF (R"'." 
Trần Thị Toan 4


k‚(' (Šx REƒ WWW 2"
+' "R",x (
F
€‚"R(RŠx7REƒ J  0W
k

‚",'. ƒ WJ kR" WWJ
k
0
‚7`R‘E'# ƒ O 2"ŠRE( WWL
k
M
‚+D7dR2 xƒ WL
k
0


‚2D' R(R`'Eo
'. ƒ
WWWL
/`* 8"75 d’d 8 ,Y ",4D7‡ 8.?(dC"7R 8%&'(• ,c3
#"'. r8K.(*ER:,y'"' "7R 8 H9(‚krƒr#"'. ,y'"' "7R 8(,4"
`!R‚rr€ƒ ,H 8,.EH} 8"HN 8@Q",4+@?(`;"E#"'. 
1.1.2.6. Chất khoáng
8HI"'v3DH9("7R 8%&'E,.EH} 8"7R•`'R8K.()( 83D5 
"Q'r'r8rr“xr3"7R 8@•()( 83D5 "Q'r8r'rr>rrE(,$."Œ
E;('R,N
k* 80, ,+,_ ()( 83D5 "Qb,R) 8"7R 8%&'
‚83K )R"71 ,X 8 8,;(,$`$ %&'#()(%* +, "/%&'ƒ
, ,+,_ 8•E , ,+,_ 8•E
'E
' 2
'"7
'8x
LWW
0WW
LWW
0W
”.
,X.
ˆ"
K 8
RE+dx
' 8'
bx
JWWW

LWW
JWW
0W
MW
FW
0L
>,R%+,R
ER
<H3,3• ,
FWWW
WWW
WW
E(
k7R.
kR
“ER
R"
LWW
WWW
0WW
LW
MW
1.1.2.7. Các enzym
7R 8%&'(• ,c3x •D.<+'•'r+7R"x'•'r+,R%+,'"'•'r('"'E'•'
#9,.EH} 874" ,–rb,+,Z "i(,(,—",4D234",; ()(#$"
a"%Qx •D.`ˆ"@_3`G,R:",•'b, ,;"@a"/LL
R
r('R,N SW
R
",1

`G+,),|D,R "R 
Trần Thị Toan 5


1.1.2.8. Các chất khí và sắc tố của sữa
<H} 8(,4"b,i,y'"' "7R 8%&'OW.E•E"‚LWoOW†s
0
rLoW†s
0
r0Wo
FW†ƒ
&'#.{%&'(•.3EdR%B(•.?"(|'('7R"x R"E@:d; E
('7R" .EH} 8('7R" "7R 8%&'.C',˜EWFoWM.8•b8r.C'@X 8E
WWLoW0.8•b8
7R 8%&'(y (•%ˆ("Q.32' ,E(ER7R‘ r.32' ,# 8EdR
E'("R‘E'# ‚#"'. k
0
ƒ
3"7ˆ 8(|'%&'EdR%Bb,3$(,") ) ,%) 8`‹()(.2x +7R"x
1.1.2.9. Các vi sinh vật trong sữa
&'E.X"7HI 8d ,dH{ 874"",i(,,}+(,R ,c3ER:#% ,#Y"
"K ":#+,)""7A ;% ,#Y"74"+,R 8+,™8K.#% ,(•E}#(•,:
R  8HIE}d6 8()(#b,3- (•b,* e 8E5 .x "7R 8v3)"71 ,E5 
.x #b,3- E'("(r#b,3- ":R,HN 8"7R 8%* 234"%&'(,3'r
+,R.'"K 8",I"1.`; +,)+@A 8e (,? r"53d;"()(#% ,#Y"8ZD
,– 8%&'
;% ,#Y"8K.#b,3- r 4..Q(r 4..x
 b,3- v3' "7] 8E#b,3- E'("((,3DA ,•'@HI 8E'("R%x
", ,'2"E'("(r(•E}"7R 8v3)"71 ,%* 234"`Nr%&'(,3'r+,R.'"
…)(E5 (_3b,3- E.@X 8"6%&'‹FWoFL

R
r(•b,* e 8":R.C
",N.(,R%&'r(•#'"7y"7R 8%* 234"()(ER:%&'E5 .x 
…)(#b,3- % ,,HN 8‚E5 (_3b,3- (•b,* e 8":R'2"`'D,N
‚'2"'(x"(r+7R+R (ƒ#()((,4"",N.‚x%"xrd'(x"DEƒ
…b,3- +7R+R ((•b,* e 8E.@X 8"6%&'
 4..x ‚",3a(()( ,•.'(('7R.D(x%ƒ(•",AE5 .x E'("R•'@A
":R7H}3#s
0
(•8)"7GE9 "7R 8v3)"71 ,%* 234"%&'(,3'bx‘'
#b3.%r
 4..Q((•,R:""i ,+7R"x'•'rE+'•'r+,Z ,|D+7R"x r(,4"`!RE.
(,R%&'#()(%* +, "/%&'(•#GX
1.1.3. Giá trị dinh dưỡng của một số loại sữa
7R 8%&'(•@_D@|()((,4"d ,dH{ 8(_ ",$"(,R(N",A#d’
d 8@H}(,4+",675 ",G"7HI 8,; ":(•()(%* +, (,i , ,H%'3
o&'E– 8‚<v3dEbƒ8K.%&'"HNr%&'@?(
Trần Thị Toan 6


o&'`a"‚>Ršx7Ebƒ
o&'(,3'‚d7 bDR8,37"ƒ
o&'(•@HI 88 ,(,R"7wx.‚šxx"x xd,Ed7x Ebƒ
N(43"53dC 8%&'@' 8(•%B",'D@Že.0WW0r%&'`a"(,$.
0L†"Ž 8b,QEH} 8%&'"53",6r,;  'DE0†#%&' H9(8K.()(ER:
%&'d ,dH{ 8r";""7C 8rD'8,R3"r%&'"7)(ZD@' 8"e 8.: ,
1.1.3.1. Sữa tiệt trùng.
&'";""7C 8‚"x7E•xdŠ7x%,.EbƒE- +, @H}((,$`$ "/%&'
"HN 83D5 E;3r(•,R?(b,X 8%Ud6 8+,68'#v3'2UEV‹ ,;"@a('R
A(,3- ,•' 83D5 E;3(,R+,!+`Ž%3 8%&'`a",R?((,4"`!R%&' ,H 8

b,X 8v3)†"i ,",xRb,QEH} 8(|'%&'"HN 83D5 E;3
>,HN 8+,)+";"b,3- (B( ,' ,,'D(R 8]E";""7C 8‚d;"
b,3- (B( ,' ,`‡ 8()(,(,R%&'(,*D", ,. 8.– 8‹ ,;"@a('R
FLoJW
R
"7R 8FoL8ZDr7KE.E: , 8'D23Q 80L
R
3)"71 ,E.
• 8#E: ,%* +, (B( ,' ,%”8™+"5E;"b,* e 8,R:"@a 8(|'()(
ER:#% ,#Y"8ZD`; ,r", ,+,_ ,•',]((|'%&'i"`G`$ @Ž,N v3)
"71 ,(,$`$ ",' ,"7C 8"73Dc ",Q 8<H} 8#(,4"`G.4"@i",N  5 
()(%* +, %&'";""7C 8#~ 8&E:@H}( ,c3(,4"d ,dH{ 8k‡ 8
(X 8 8,;";""7C 8r()((X 8"D(•",A",5.#R@•@$ FMER:b,R) 8(,4"
##"'. b,)( ,'31#YD%&'";""7C 874" ,c3d ,dH{ 8#8&@H}(
"ŒE;d ,dH{ 8,,y',N %R#9%&'"HN 83D5 E;3
1.1.3.2. Các loại sữa chua
&'(,3',;  'D(y 8]ED'R37"",B((,4"E%&'`y"HN,R?(%&'
,R  83D5 r@H}((,RE5 .x #9()((,| 8#b,3- (•E}(,R@HI 873a"
‚E'("R`'(EE3%k3E8'7(3%"7x+"R(RR(3%r",x7.R+,E3%ƒ(,™ 8(,3DA ,•'
@HI 8%&'", ,E'("(r":R7'@a(,3'(|'.a"ER:",B(+, ,4+d~ 
k5 (: ,8)"7Gd ,dH{ 8r%&'(,3'(y (,z'74" ,c3#b,3- (•
E}(,R@HI 873a"r8™+,;"53,•'b,–x.: ,,N 
Trần Thị Toan 7



1.2.TÌNH HÌNH SẢN XUẤT VÀ TIÊU THỤ SỮA
1.2.1. Tình hình sản xuất và tiêu thụ sữa trên thế giới
‚`)R()R 8 ,%&'",$89›“sƒ
&'E",B(+, (•8)"7Gd ,dH{ 8('R#v3V ,4""7R 8()(ER:

",B(+, (|' ,Z ER:.(R  8HI(•@H}(,3(_3(|'2„,a#c%&'#
()(%* +, %&' 8D( 8('R@?(`;"‹()( 39(@' 8+,)""7A #,Z3
),xR"Ž(,z(X 8EHN 8v3Q("$o“s",1%* EH} 8%&'"75 ",$89"e 8
0†"7R 8 e.0W* 234"%&'"75 ",$89dB`)R%”"e 8E5 O0P"7;3
"4 ;(%* 234"%&'‹%Qv3Q(8'‹,Z3œrh @a"e 8"/L"7;3"4 E5 
0rO"7;3"4   !"" #$
%&'())*+,-./01(234 
!516789:;#<=/<>?@$A
2B#:C43<=/$(DE,DBB/
Trần Thị Toan 8


3F'GHHI$E(DJHK GHJH+:C(" $
:;!0L #MNK GHJJ$';(1O/
(49)P$Q1R5!P0$'()!0
.1OQ.1OQ'7S774
<PTU$1)93R5V+Q"9(E
 $("W  !EX-./0S
:Y0Z:DMW  Q($ 3[
1)9'Q4\3M!!;$0./
0:V+ ]167 4^'P))
_)$)7!;167$MR!EX`W 
 :;!0L1167GK4<P*^a$3167P
b@9:;BL )cI7$'()!0.1OBd3
#'(W";O././04e167Pf:
)>-#c$g7$PB#PP3/4
<PTh$ij9:;BL 1)9JK)Jkl$m7$
1)931MBC*(/)9Bd14!!;
YdB-P167$PP9T)JK' 5
2B-/BSBX GHJk4<PnB$ /C

OPT;P Bd3B$VP
0W SA21675O'Q4oR$
 W:WBV1)99:;$3167:;
!01GK)gJ$G74P)j!p$1673S
1'/ :;!0L1M3 GHJJ4q
(1'(!r)BM;PQ(5)$S
9s'(T/)PB#' VP4
<fT&PoM$':Bd31(2
-./0W').)9QS!""16734
Pptup):$1)9C1GHJHvJJwvxB-B'
B#0B72$!#GHJJvJGC1$ !"
!09(0BV9:;BL 1)9M
'7)JN$k74\y$!0AOP!z:S!0
!":T6T:;)PBd3O$RL7' 
!P0W!P4<$1673:;!0L
 !{ gKGHJHvGHJJ
1.2.1.Tình hình sản xuất và tiêu thụ sữa tại Việt Nam
‚ 83K `)R()R 8 ,%&';"'.ƒ
Trần Thị Toan 9


e."7R 823",$(,3 8(|'()( H9(@' 8+,)""7A "75 ",$
89r ,3(_3#c()(%* +, %&'‹;"'. ,H.a" 83K `Ž%3 8d ,
dH{ 8",$"D$3 8D( 8"e 8E5 c3 D(•",A",4Dv3'%B8'"e 8
dR' ,%Q"/%&'(|'()(,„ 8%* 234"":;"'.r#9"Ž 8dR' ,",3()(
.?", 8%&'"e 8Ž @G ,v3'()( e.e.0WWSr"Ž 8dR' ,",3@:",N
PLWW"—#R e.0WWSr"e 8,N J†%R#9 e.0WWP
‚kA3@K0ƒc3 D(,R",4D7‡ 8b,| 8,R* 8b ,"$"7R 80 e.#/'
v3'b,X 8* ,,H‹ 8 ,c3@$ "53",6%&'":;"'.;  'Dr"53
dC 8()(%* +, %&'"Y+"73 8‹()(", ,+,QE9 r#9W†dZ %Q(*

H9(":a#", ,+,QK,i ,"53",6OP†()(%* +,
%&'   ‚R.x7%r  0WWSƒ  k1 ,  v3Z  .z(   "53   ",6  , 8  e.  ,;  @:"  S
Ei"• 8HI• e.r#~ (y ",4+%R#9()( H9("7R 8b,3#B( ,H,)<' ‚0F
Ei"• 8HI• e.ƒ,'D73 83Q(‚0LEi"• 8HI• e.ƒ•dR@•r",xR23,H9 8
(|'()( H9( Dr.z("53",6":;"'.%”"e 8E5 (C 8#9>
‚<0WWƒC 8#9 ,3(_3#c()(%* +, %&' 8D( 8"e 8E5
":;"'.r",G"7HI 8%&',; (•%B",'.8'(|' ,c3,„ 8%&'r(*"7R 8
H9(# H9( 8Rr#9 ,c3%* +, +,R 8+,™
Trần Thị Toan 10


PHẦN II. LẬP LUẬN KINH TẾ.
7R 8v3)"71 ,+,)""7A b ,"$(|' H9("',;  'Dr#9"Q(@a
"e 8"7H‹ 8b ,"$"/OoP†• e.?(`;"E e.0WWMEPrL†#8_ @ZD
,4"E e.0WW#9(3Q(b,| 8,R* 8b ,"$"R (_3 ,H 8 H9("'#~
(•%B"e 8"7H‹ 8"9MrL†r@I%Q 8(|' 8HIdZ  8D( 8@H}((*",;
# Z 8('RrdR@• ,H(_3"53",6%&'#()(%* +, "/%&'(|' 8HI
dZ  8D( 8 ,c3,N r@y,–%* +, (•(,4"EH} 8 8D( 8('R,N 
3D ,5 %* EH} 8()(%* +, %&'%* 234""7R 8 H9((y ,: (,$ 5
#~ (,H'@)+z 8@H}( ,3(_3"53",6N  &'%* EH} 8%&'"HN"7R 8
H9(b,)",4+‚",xR%QE;3 e.0WWL%* EH} 8%&'@:"SOrO 8 "4 ƒ(,—
@)+z 8@H}(b,R* 80W† ,3(_3"53dC 8#† ,3(_3%* 234"dR@•
()((N%‹%* 234",;  'D#~ +,* ,Y+%&'`a""/ H9( 8R#c@A%*
234"#/'@)+z 8@H}( ,3(_3"53",6(|' 8HIdZ #/'@*.`*R ,3(_3
Trần Thị Toan 11


%* 234""7R 8b,E:(•",A8*.8)", ,%* +, 74" ,c3%R#9()(%*
+, %&' ,Y+ 8R:.#~ @*.`*R(,4"EH} 8?"b,)((,4"EH} 8%&'
"HN(|' H9("' •(,3 8Eb,X 8('Rr@?(`;"E,.EH} 8(,4"b,X

",HI 8(,—@:"o0†1#YD"7R 8",I8'  D()((X 8"D%* 234"#~
+,*%Ud6 8 83K  83D5 E;3(,i ,E%&'`a"
N  &'r,;  'D%QEH} 8()( ,.)D(,$`$ %&'‹ H9("'#~
(,H'@)+z 8@| ,3(_3d•@•#5(7'@I",5.()( ,.)D(,$`$ %&'E
74"(_ ",$"r+,6(#6 ,3(_3"7R 8 H9(r8*v3D$"#4 @c#;(E.(,R
8HIE'R@a 8
c(X 8 8,;"XEB'(,] (X 8 8,;";""7C 8%&'‚E"7'8,"
x.+7'"37xr8]"ˆ"E(X 8 8,;";""7C 8ƒ@' 8@H}()+d6 87a 87„
"75 ",$89cdZD(,3Dc ",$"`G%* 234";  'D"75 ",$89(•74"
,c3  (X 8  "D  Ž  "$ 8  #c  ",$"  `G  ",B(  +,  ,H  >r  x"7'  >'br
R.``ER(•"3D ,5 "X(,] dZD(,3Dc (X 8 8,;(,$`$ %&'(|',„ 8
x"7'>'b(|',6DA dR,„ 8 D(• ,& 8H3",$.: , ,H,;  'D
",$"`G(|',„ 8@H}(%Ud6 8‹"75 MLv3Q(8'"7R 8@•(•;"'. ,H
(X 8"D%&'aEbr(X 8"D(Ž+,_ %&'v3Q("$>r(X 8"D%&'€ER#•
,N  &'#9bž",3Y".9"7R 8(X 8@R: ";""7C 8%&'8™+(,R%&'", ,
+, (•,HN 8#G@K 8 ,4"r8& 83D5 8)"7Gd ,dH{ 8(|'%&'"HN
B'#Rb,* e 8(3 8(4+ 83D5 E;3r",G"7HI 8"53",6%*
+, r",3Y "; #c8'R",X 8r 83K  ,Z (X 8•"XEB'(,] @G'@A.2ZD
dB 8 ,.)D(,$`$ %&' ‡.‹",G"74 K 8r<R 8k5 ra
A2ZDdB 8@H}( ,.)Dr"X@„"$ , ,b,*R%)"r 8,5 (z3#
dB'#R()((,—"53%'3
2.1. Đặc điểm tự nhiên.
2.1.1.Nhiệt độ.
o,;"@a"73 8`1 ,, 8 e. 0Fo0J
W

o,;"@a"73 8`1 ,",) 8('R ,4" 0SoF
W

Trần Thị Toan 12



o,;"@a"73 8`1 ,",) 8",4+ ,4" LoM
W

o,;"@a('R"3D;"@Q FSoJW
W

o,;"@a",4+"3D;"@Q MŸoP
W

2.1.2. Độ ẩm
oa "73 8`1 ,, 8 e.E PJL†
oa "73 8`1 ,",) 8('R ,4"E PPL†
oa "73 8`1 ,",) 8",4+ ,4"E PL†
2.1.3. Mưa.
o<H} 8.H'"73 8`1 ,, 8 e.E OLM 
o<H} 8.H'",) 8i" ,4"E LF 
o<H} 8.H'",) 8('R ,4"E FJ0O 
2.1.4. Gió.
oH9 88•(,i ,E,H9 8X 8'.
2.2. Vùng nguyên liệu.
83D5 E;3(,i ,(|' ,.)DE%&'`a"#()( 83D5 E;3b,)(
,Y+"/()( H9(,6DA r' :(,r• ,Y+v3'(* 8*>,y 8#(,3D5
(,‹`‡ 8X"X#c ,.)D#9H3",$#c#G"7i@G'EV8)+*>,y 89.6(
@i(,(,3DA d_  83D5 E;3"/%&'`a"%' 8%&'"HNb,%* EH} 8#(,4"
EH} 8@)+z 8@H}(+,_  R ,3(_3%* 234"dR#YD(,] @G'@A. ,
.)D ,H"75 E8_ #C 8 83D5 E;3",3Y "; (,R#;(#Y (,3DA #@*.
`*R(,4"EH} 8 83D5 E;3HI 8"7ˆ 8" ,E3D; (•",A.3'"/ ,.)D
@HI 8k5 y'r<'.%N @H'@$ ( 874"",3Y "; #1 aE"73 8"Z.

(|'(* H9(83K %&'"HN@H}((3 8(4+`‹@ `y(|'@G'+,HN #()(
#C 8EZ (Y  ,H,3D; X 8 ,r•(N 
Trần Thị Toan 13


2.3. Thị trường tiêu thụ.
;  'D  %*  +,  %&'  (|'  ()(  ,  .)D  %&'   '.Ebr
' R.Eb#~ (,H'@)+z 8@H}( ,3(_3"53",6(|' 8HIdZ *
+, %&'+,* ,Y+b,-3 ,c3
?"b,)( ,.)D@H}(2ZDdB 88_ b,3(X 8 8,;+@K 8ko
b,3(X 8 8,;+@' 874"+,)""7A • ,c3 ,.)D2i 8,;+(X 8 8,;+
‚X 8"D@; "U' xErX 8"D`) ,b¡Rk`('E`: , 874""Q"r@K 8
",I#;(+,Z +,Q%* +, @H}(",3Y ";
2.4. Nguồn cung cấp điện.
83K (3 8(4+(,i ,E4D"/ 83K @; ('R",$)+(|' ,.)D
k$ )+@H}(EB'(,] "75  ,3(_3dC 8@; "7R 8 ,.)D3D ,5 r@A
@*.`*R%* 234"@H}(E5 "6(+,*(•.)D+,)"@; dB+,y 8; dC 8
"7R 8 ,.)D",B(+, (•@; ",$00W•FPW
2.5. Nguồn cung cấp nước.
Q#9()( ,.)D",B(+,  •(3 8",1(•",A • H9(E 83D5
E;3(,i ,dR#YD(,4"EH} 8 H9(@H}(@H'#R%* 234"74"v3' "7] 8r •
* ,,H‹ 8"7B("$+@$ (,4"EH} 8%* +, 
A(,|@a 8%* 234"r ,.)D%”2ZDdB 8.a",;",Q 82UEV H9(r
#9 83K (3 8(4+ H9(E H9( 8_.H9(%'3b,@„2UEV+,*@:""53
(,3-  H9(dC 8(,R%* 234"",B(+, (|', H9(;"'.
2.6. Nguồn cung cấp hơi nước.
N H9(E.a""7R 8 ,& 8 83K +,6"7}74"v3' "7] 8@Q#9
.a" ,.)D%* 234"r"7R 8 ,.)D,N@H}(dC 8#9 ,c3.6(@i(,b,)(
,'3r ,H 8(,|D$3EdC 8(,R%* 234"r% ,,R:"•
N H9(@H}(dC 8(,R.6(@i(,";""7C 8%&'r.)D.•(+,*@H}(

2UEVv3'`aE](7K.9@x.%Ud6 8r@A@*.`*R@H}((,—"53#% ,#Y"#
"7) ,()(%B(QdR"ˆ(@HI 8Q 8,N
Trần Thị Toan 14


;",Q 8,N H9(r@HI 8Q 8rEy,N@H}(@G ,b•`*RdH{ 8##;
% ,
2.7. Nguồn cung cấp nhiên liệu.
A@*.`*R(,REy,N,R:"@a 8"Q"r(,R ,;"E9 r%:(,%”ri"@a(,:
@)+z 8@H}(D53(_3#c%* 234"r@*.`*R#;% ,.X"7HI 8r ,.)D%U
d6 8d_3“s@H}(.3'"/ ,c3 83K b,)( ,'3r.a""7R 8 ,& 8 83K
(,i ,E(X 8"D>x"7RE.x2‚b8d_3“s(,)D":R7'WWWo0WWWb('Eƒ
2.8. Hệ thống thoát nước.
7R 8 ,.)D",B(+, r H9(",*(,|D$3E H9(7U'()(",$"
`Gr"7R 8@•(,|D$3E,•'(,4"r(? @HI 8r>7R"x `$ "i ,;",Q 8",R)"
H9(+,*@*.`*R",R)",$" H9(rb,X 8z@] 8rb,X 8* ,,H‹ 8@$ #;
% ,.X"7HI 8"7R 8b,3%* 234"(,i ,
2.9. Xử lý nước thải.
TZDdB 8,;",Q 82UEV H9(",*(|' ,.)D+,*@)+z 8@H}(
H9(",*%'3b,@H}(2UEV+,*@*.`*R(,4"EH} 8#;% ,",xR"53(,3-
H9(",*(|' , H9(;"'.
2.10. Giao thông vận tải.
,.)D@H}(2ZDdB 88_ v3Q(EaLr@HI 8d~ #R ,.)D%”E
`5"R 87a 8M.7R 8 ,.)D()(@HI 88'R",R 8( 8@H}(`Q"7i.a"
()(,,}+EV@*.`*Rb,X 8(ˆ" ,'3 ,c3
 ,.)D@H}(2ZDdB 8"75 "76(@HI 8(,i ,%”74"",3Y E}(,R
",3Y E}(,R,R:"@a 8%* 234"rb ,dR' ,r7™" 8ˆ @H}(",I8' #Y
(,3DA  83D5 E;3@$  ,.)D( 8 ,H#Y (,3DA %* +, "/ ,.)D
@$  N"53",6
Trần Thị Toan 15



2.11. Khả năng cung cấp nguồn nhân lực.
aE"73 8"Z.",HN 8.:E9  5  8HIE'R@] 8@Ž#c74"
@X 8r(,i ,#1",$ 83K  ,Z EB(74"dKdR?"b,)(r 83K  ,Z EB((•
"71 ,@a"Y+"73 8‹",|@XE9 r#;("3DA (X 8 ,Z (•"71 ,@a"/0"7‹E5
@$ "71 ,@a@:,](Eb,X 8(•81b,•b,e 
3' ,& 8E3Y @A.@„+,Z "i(,‹"75 r(•,"xx7b,¢ 8@G ,@H}(
#;(2ZDdB 8 ,.)D(,$`$ %&":K 8r<R 8k5 ra#9()(%*
+, %&'";""7C 8r%&'(,3'e #bx."/ 83K  83D5 E;3E%&'`a"(•
"i ,,}+EV('Rr(•b,*",#"c. e 8+,)""7A 
Trần Thị Toan 16


CHƯƠNG 3: QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT
3.1. LỰA CHỌN CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT
AEB'(,] (X 8 8,;+,C,}+"'(e (z#R ,& 8D53(_3%'3
1. 53(,3- (|'%* +,
2. 3D.X e 8EB((|' ,.)D
3. )("i ,(,4"(|' 83D5 E;3
4. c3b; v3* EVb£",3Y"
5. 3' ,;8&'#Q #'(,+,i@Z3"H
6. c3b; @G'+,HN 8#b,* e 8,}+")(,•'"7R 8%* 234"
7. c3b; %&'(,&'#",'D",$
8. T3,H9 8+,)""7A d,: #"7 ,@a(X 8 8,;
9. ,i ,%)(,(X 8 8,;v3Q(8'
W,+,i#'@c3b; (,3DA 8'R(X 8 8,;
11. ;% ,(X 8 8,;+
12. )(#4 @5.X"7HI 8
* +, %&'"K ":‹Fd: 8E– 8r`a"r@?(,xR ,3(_3",G"7HI 8r( 8

(• ,c3%* +, .97'@Ir%&'";""7C 8#%&'(,3'e (•",A%Ud6 8
(,R.]@Q"H} 8r8),}+EVr"; d6 8#YD ,.)DEB'(,] 0%* +, 
%&'";""7C 8#%&'(,3'e @$%* 234"
3.2. YÊU CẦU CHẤT LƯỢNG CỦA NGUYÊN LIỆU
3.2.1. Sữa bột
&'`a"8_D@H}( ,Y+#c ,.)DEER:%&'@H}(%* 234"",xR+,HN 8
+,)+%4D+,3 #", ,+,_ (,4"EH} 8+,*@*.`*R@H}(()((,—"53%'3
a. Chỉ tiêu về cảm quan
 3%ˆ(@K 8@53r# 8bx..G
 C#G@?("7H 8rb,X 8(•.C#GE:
 7: 8",).G r@K 8 ,4"rb,X 8#• (6(#b,X 8.Q(
Trần Thị Toan 17


b. Chỉ tiêu hóa lý
 .EH} 8(,4"`!R¤0L†
 a ¤FL†
 .EH} 8>7R"x FMoFS†
 a"7RM†
 a'2"MoP
R

 +MLoMML
 a,y'"' SPoSS†
 ,X 8(,z'b.ER: ? 8
c. Chỉ tiêu vi sinh vật
 Ž 8%Q#% ,#Y"¤WWWWr(REŠR7.¤W
3.2.2. Tiêu chuẩn các nguyên liệu khác
3.2.2.1. Tiêu chuẩn về đường
)(",X 8%Q 53(,3-

,—"53(*.v3' 7: 8",)
3%ˆ(
C#G
 ,",Ar@K 8@c3r
b,X 8#• (6(
7‡ 8
G 8]"@?("7H 8r
b,X 8(•.C#GE:
,—"53,•'EV .EH} 8%'((,'7R%x
a
¥SSS†
W†
,—"53#% ,#Y" 4..x r 4..Q(
ER%"7d3.+x7Š78x
¦W•E8
W•8
,—"53b.ER: ? 8 >` ¦W.8•b8
k'R8• LWb8•`'Rr`'R`10
E9+‚>>#>€ƒ
: %Ud6 8 0",) 8
c3b; `*Rv3* Wo0L
R
r`*Rv3*  N
b,X7)R
Trần Thị Toan 18


3.2.2.2. Tiêu chuẩn về chất ổn định
)(",X 8%Q 53(,3-
,—"53(*.v3' 7: 8",)

3%ˆ(
a
: 8`a".G r"Nr
b,X 8#• (6(
7ˆ 8 ,:"
0†
,—"53#% ,#Y" "Ž 8%Q
€(RE
4..x r 4..Q(
"'+,DER(R(3(3%
'E.R xEE'
¦LWWW"$`R•8
W•W8
¦LWW•E8
W•WW8
W•0L8
,—"53b.ER: ? 8 >` ¦WL.8•b8
k'R8• 0Lb8•`'Rr`'R`10
E9+‚>>#>€ƒ
: %Ud6 8 0",) 8
c3b; `*Rv3* Wo0L
R
r`*Rv3* 
Nb,X7)R
3.2.2.3. Tiêu chuẩn về nước
)(",X 8%Q 53(,3-
,—"53(*.v3' 7: 8",)
3%ˆ(
C#G
<– 8

7R 8%3Q"b,X 8.3
,X 8.Cr#G
,—"53,•'EV + OoPL
Trần Thị Toan 19


@a(z 8‚'s
F
ƒ ¦OW.8•E"
,—"53#% ,#Y" "Ž 8%Q
RER7.
¤WWWW"$`R•8
W•WW.E
,—"53b.ER: ? 8 '
d
>d
8
¦0W.8•E"
¦WWWF.8•E"
¦WW.8•E"
¦WWW.8•E"
3.2.2.4. Tiêu chuẩn về chủng men giống
)(",X 8%Q 53(,3-
,| 8#% ,#Y"  "7x+"R(R((3%",x7.R+,E3%
 <'("R`'(EE3%`3E8'7(3%
k'R8• : 8`a""7R 8"™r`'R`1FE9+
c3b; `*Rv3* #
",I,: %Ud6 8
¤oP
R

r0J",) 8
L
R
rM"3_
3.2.2.5. Dầu bơ
)(",X 8%Q 53(,3-
,—"53(*.v3' 7: 8",)
3%ˆ(
C#G
: 8%;"‹ ,;"@a
",HI 8
 8%' 8
,N.@?("7H 8(|'`N
%&'rb,X 8(•.C#GE:
,—"53,•'EV ,4"`!R
a
¥SSL†
¤J†
,—"53#% ,#Y" "Ž 8%Q ¤LWWWW"$`R•8
Trần Thị Toan 20


"7x+"R(R((3%'37x3% W•E8
,—"53b.ER: ? 8 >`
%
¦W.8•b8
¦W.8•b8
k'R8•
: %Ud6 8
c3b; `*Rv3*

0Wb8•",C 8b.ER:
0",) 8
W
R

3.2.2.6. Tiêu chuẩn một số nguyên liệu phụ khác
5  83D5 E;3 ,X 8%Qbž",3Y" >,HN 8+,)+ * +, +,C
,}+
"'. 
7: 8",)r.3
%ˆ(
3' %)" : 8d_3rE– 8r
.3# 8%Y.
a"%Q(,—"53
b,)(
G ,b•@+,Z 
"i(, 8R,R?(
@Q(,$3
x7"‘('"x
' 'ED%%
,xR('.b$"
…k'R8•
…
A."7'()(
",X 8" "75 
`'R`1r(•",A(Z 
bA."7'2)(%34"
…Lb8•(,' ,X.
…Z i" ,4"0
",) 8bA"/ 8D

,Y+#c
Trần Thị Toan 21


"'. 
7: 8",)r.3
%ˆ(
3' %)" : 8d_3rE– 8r
b,X 8.3@$ 
# 8 ,:"
a"%Q(,—"53
b,)(
G ,b•@+,Z 
"i(, 8R,R?(
@Q(,$3
x7"‘('"x
' 'ED%%
,xR('.b$"
…k'R8•
…
A."7'()(
",X 8" "75 
`'R`1r(•",A(Z 
bA."7'2)(%34"
…b8•(,'
,X.
…_ i" ,4"P
",) 8bA"/ 8D
,Y+#c
7: 8",)r.3

%ˆ(
3' %)"r $.
8U
ka".G r@K 8
@c3r"Nrb,X 8
#• (6(r.3
"7ˆ 8rb,X 8.Cr
#G(,3'8ˆ"
a"%Q(,—"53
b,)(
G ,b•@+,Z 
"i(, 8R,R?(
@Q(,$3
x7"‘('"x
' 'ED%%
,xR('.b$"
…k'R8• A."7'()( …0Lb8•(,'
Trần Thị Toan 22


(d("7(
…
",X 8" "75 
`'R`1r(•",A(Z 
bA."7'2)(%34"
,X.
…_ i" ,4"L
",) 8bA"/ 8D
,Y+#c
8R7'(y "53(,3- (|'.3Qe r,HN 8r.3r+x7R2dxr84Dx"7'>'br

"7+r",C 8('7"R r#)(, 8e rQ 8,™"r. 8(R>k7br 8(R>šxd8xr
bxRd) rQ 8,™"•
3.3. QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ VÀ THUYẾT MINH
 k4"(z.a"%* +,  R.3Q @:""53(,3- ( 8+,*@*.`*R
,'"53(,i74"v3' "7] 8@•E@*.`*R(,4"EH} 8#@*.`*R#;% ,'
"R ",B(+, 
A@:"@H}(,'"53(,i D.a" ,.)D 8R#;(@*.`*R"53
(,3- #c 83D5 E;3r+,6"7}(_ +,*(•.a"dZD(,3Dc %* 234",}+EV#
(X 8 8,;"Q" ,4"
'3b, 8,5.(z3#",'.b,*R"E;3€.2 "71 ,`D%N@K
dZD(,3Dc (X 8 8,;%* 234"0%* +, (,i ,(|' ,.)D
o&'";""7C 8 e 8%34"MW"4 • 8D
o&'(,3'e  e 8%34"OW"4 • 8D
Trần Thị Toan 23
Nước + sữa bột + bơ
Phối trộn
Lọc lần 1
Thanh trùng
Đồng hóa
Làm lạnh
hoànnguyen
nnguyên
Gia nhiệt
Lọc lần 2
Đồng hóa 2
Làm nguội
Túi
Rót túi
Bảo quản
Đóng thùng

Vô trùng


3.3.1. Sơ đồ và thuyết minh công nghệ
sản xuất sữa tiệt trùng.
3.3.1.1. Sơ đồ quy trình sản xuất
Trần Thị Toan 24



3.3.1.2. Thuyết minh công nghệ
a. Kiểm tra, tiếp nhận nguyên liệu
)( 83D5 E;3‚%&'`a"r`Nr(,4"Ž @G ,ƒ+,*@:"()((,—"53v3D
@G ,@„ 53"7R 8+,_  83D5 E;3#@H}((Z ",xR"/ 8.w@A%* 234"
<H} 8(Z +,6",3a(#R(X 8",z(+,Q"7a kN@H}(,Z. • 8E5 @$
MW
R

b. Phối trộn
o6(@i(,y'"7a %&'`a"8_D#9 H9(4.#`N@A@H}(dG(,%&'(•()(
(,—"53@„2)(@G ,"7H9(
o$ , ,
…H9(@H}(@G ,EH} 8"7R 8`K +,Q"7a ",xR(X 8",z(+,Q"7a r8'
,;"E5 J0
R
r%'3@•`N."3_ ,R v3'+,’3"7a
…&'`a"@H}(@Ž#R+,’3"7a ka"@Ž23Q 8"$+2™(#9 H9(#dR)+EB(
,™"(|'`N.",z0b!R H9(#R",C 8(,z'r%'3@• H9(E:@H}(`N."3_
,R .a"7'+,’3@A"7a `a"(,R@$ b,,$"EH} 8`a"(_ dC 8
…kN@H}(,Z. • 8(,*D‹MW

R
7K@Ž#R+,’3 :+ 83D5 E;37R 8b,
+,Q"7a (,R() ,b,34D,R:"@a 8@A"e 8@a,y'"' (|'%&'`a"8_D#'R
H9(#'E'.(,R()(+,_ "U(,4"`!R@K 8@c3"7R 8dG(,%&'
c. Lọc lần 1
 6(@i(,)(,":+(,4"#'+,_ %&'`a"b,X 8"'
 ,$"`G•Ud6 8",$"`GE](Q 8
Trần Thị Toan 25