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4.1 Maỷch tọứ hồỹp vaỡ maỷch trỗnh tổỷ vaỡ sồ õọử GRAFCET
4.1.1 Maỷch tọứ hồỹp vaỡ maỷch trỗnh tổỷ

4.1.2. GRAFCET- Cọng cuỷ õóứ mọ taớ maỷch trỗnh tổỷ trong cọng nghióỷp
:
4.2 Lổu õọử thuỏỷt toaùn dỏy chuyóửn saớn xuỏỳt baùnh
4.2.1 YA
4.2.2 Lổu õọử thuỏỷt toaùn :
B585>8C4<=227$!
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M-N:#B7G>
M2N:#A0,4G>
M5N:#"+ !\<+"
MMN:#<]"
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H c Anh ụ - Lp: 07CDT1 1
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
&>B$789@")D"EFGG,-&>
)D789
M&^+%GL/_7"FN`NB"a !7=P"@01"+
 M&&H")
M&-NB"aC,#+"N
M-N(GbC,N
M-&'bYB7
M--^+H=P"F
M-2'b"".#RNcU
M-5'b !0
M-M'b,
M-dN(Gbe<)"
M2=P"@"*)=P"F"0N
M5^+%GL/_7"FN6#,"6fg-hh
M5&NBF@
M5-V8/J=P"F

M52'3"b9.4i,N !("3"<j01 
M52&H")Nc 5 !(G3"b H"3"<j01 
M52-'3"b H#(4"K
M522bYB70Nc
M525'3"b !0k,b H01 
M55=P7(7/_7"F !#+"b/)P<
M5M#%#Z0kl !>i/_7"F
M5M&N(7"8P<"0=P"FN6fg-hh
M5M->i/_7"F
M5M2601"0=P"F H7#%#6TfgZ0kl5h
MM !0, !PYb9.4C,9.44%AB"<(
MdN=P"F%GL
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 2
 

H
0>+N>)70(g)10(B"=H?PGK
#+" ,"mB"n,"=!4,4 H*7(""L =O"<_C,>)?
PGK"4%"bG>"L#,/1)n,0"0%G"3"j"=
NK F _4oAB")#+"A=H#H"0>)?/!*G3"O7i,
PGK?>)">" !)"8LF"!#+"/p *#Hp *NP
GK"*+0(I"3H?PGK"*+0(oAB")"qG(/. !7("
"LB"#1?="1)",#.4 [/!#+"/p *#H !,"0n(
"FF"! !7(""LZ+""0i7;#C,P)"8g"*+
0(/!i)"bAB""*7;#"*+=(9.44%AB"<(
Gr0?"@]+7?),4?"I":(/01<(Gr0!4!
"],$#=O"#n,"C,)"b#"*)I@?
"3"G3 !3"109.44%\<( !0G> !A37G><( !0G,4g.4
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=/!i"!n<=H"=HGaQ#,"=<=H. !0
0=Gu"_"
Ze9\aQ#ob$3"@#FL0!"))"b=90m
%GG] %"!Kt=G3"@IG>"(Gvi"3
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A."!#P"4oa7waQ#"0b"",
"*)Y(!4Nb\Q#A."!#PnJ4N>
 

1#B0!,#
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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 3
 

Tóm tắt đề tài
 !"#$%&'
(&)*"+,!#!-*.//##
$%0123$45*67!#28
9:;*(!&90<$ =>?9#+
#;#2;>#@#6*2*93A(BCA"+
+>39@$&5*A*$D)*
EF:#&&A"+
+>G9#H#$H9#*+01?5*>#
&>%8 !#>3!I+#
"+A8:A?J30K*L*:
A*!I+>**#&
##xM"++>G9#H#$H9#*+N3
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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 4
 




+8IJJKLMNOPQR
!9\]/=O7 _"RP?)?)"8yUL"*)#+"7
,4"0!<+n("F>)#!K"%G>*,")7C,0=
*+0(/!#+"n("F/In,"H )(79:()"bPGK?)"8?
#(4"KL01"+?%GLAB"N>)!4<,0Y#
gi>:#(4#"*+
gZ(4#/$7(7"*+
g=Z(4>)7
g)"b _4L !%GL _"/)"*+
g%GLY"37 !%GLn("F<z#(4"K
g)"b#(4"K0 )"0G301?"_79i/) !,n43"jL{
"O(01"+AB"
+"STUVJMNOPQR
P:Q
!#+")"b"0#+"{(01"+RA8/J,4/$7(7Ubj"I
#+"BF"3"<jN(4I>"09.44%!4"=P
NK*O7B" !7bO7(4I>= _4 !0#+""3"<j/!#0)
"b"DI7@"17ie"=KC,"*+0(@/!
g"=<,,00i"3"<j"3"G3"Q0Pe"!
g]B"#(4,0
g=PbG>/01""0 )"K H(",4|7;#
 P!@$/Q
3"<jAB"=O"3"G3 HG]"L",4|"F"*(4I
>L"K@ HiBF7;#G(,N{(01"+
"L%GL<D#+"=P"F?"@/!#+""_7/)=O#o0(L)"b
"L !9}9ja
i=P"F#H"L=O;<j !_7 !0"3"<jL"10,

7;##HZ+" !e"=C,"*+0(/_7"F/!
g"=,00i"3"<j#:K"|n("
g]B""=Pb"B70 H"*+0(@
g6*/01"G*",4|"0BF7;#
gKO7B"/!0AB"!/01"
*+0(/01"/!*#D+C,"*+0(/_7"F=O'()#C,
"*+0(/01"o=O7(""L"0G0-M32h]# q,n,!
i4I/J [m,7(""L
P!&Q
!)"b"*+0(G]AB"B"%7;#R,4<+7_U
G(,#!=G>#B"",0 )4L|"q7;#!4
,7;#G('>#B"",0AB"0 )/_7"F/1 !",4
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 5
 

"3(!e" _"/JR>:Y(?#(4#U)n/!)"b"L/IG3
01G3"O7AB"%/01AB"G(,",4 F"Q0"q/01I
<)"e"=C,"*+0(/01""L"#"$"=,
g"=,00"3"<j
g6AB"/I":i7;#{O7G(,
gb+AB""<F
gK/01"G7;#",4|"3"G3
+1NOPQRMWUMNXMYJKRZ
!4,4%=H"I"3"I"3Ho%=9.4"*+7.
A=D"*+ !!#(4"*+,>(7;#!/01"/H?!
Gb= m<?7""0?b"$y
L(79:"*+0( !0%G)AB"!/01"v !AB"P3
G#!b/=O"3""0/01"K"#!C/01/1%?=",o9\#(4
%GL"Q0=P"FbZ(4!407~7%s#(4,G
4L,,>/01""3"G(^=H7(""L"37"Q0/!*AB")C,

"".#,>#!eL#C,/!|"i9::L",4"3"Q0"F"*
,>
i]#.4"I"3He<)"/!(=H"=<G4=H#1
)"bAB"/01"•L#|<_"C,/!)b89:"3"<j,0
R€M•U?]B",0 !"K/01"B",0=O(79:+o"0(
!>)7#(4>:?#(4>">?#(4G~0 !>)7!G>y
0)"bAB"/01""L(79:"*+0("0!<+n("F
AB""q>01"3"G3"*+"3"?"3"G3"*+n"F>
)?"3"G3"*+=P"F,>?"*+%GLn("FAB"?
"*+GL#",B"/=O7;#y.4/!F"@"*+0("3<+B"
=,/1)nG"3B"/H
+[NX\MJYM]^JXQMNOPQR
N(>"4w"O(9*( % B%"*+0( !NZ F%/J90G(
,Z+"b/J90n,"Y#
P"*;Q
*+0((n("F01"+AB"@,r )"]]B"/,0+
%!4p,"|7;#,1"]B",0PR,"IU0
H01"+<z",4"=P@
PR$"H*Q
V=H"0Ao+>)7C,"3H/!7K0>.G>
q"]/I'3"n/!"=,0/I"0("3"<j"*+0(o"DI
G"3PL"L",4|.",4N7K,0C,/,0+,~7(!
/o1090,)7",4"30=<z#(4#^D F#(4#"L
AB"D#@,0? )89:"*+0(o/!#07K"I#+"P j
7;#"B7P
PK!*Q
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 6
 

0%nb,7(""L?*"3:"/H/*/=O/,0+N‚1

=.4@o<j~7<+7_7G;/,0+L/!#"]YB7/,0
+C,#F)"3:"/,0+tGK"K*7(""LC,"*+0(
P<(AS+%5*!*>#$=AS?Q
V=H!4e<)""j!DZu !0/a&ƒ€d?"„/)/,0+=O"I"0
AB"-h•]#&ƒ5f? !0G02h•=H]#-hhh?=H/=O/!1"
0bG0-•N$$/!"*+0(AB"o"10,*9j4L!4
4Im%@~7Ao+?0!"Lj"()#0A=H!4
6*7(""LC,/*/=O/,0+ ]7m=O"I=OK7C/I<,?
"L<, !j,7=Po"I":#+"7/,0+#!(/…o7"I":D
G *AB"0!,?mA=HAQ#> )/!"†1"?G>J
p,/!<;"sE,L#!4oG30#="F#G3# )/!#"0
"!79j :C,%G"3RNK7C?<0L#?9j :(.?7(7
/_"<(!yU
PK*#Q
^z )"*+0((01"+ !4L= _!#(4"q j"K",#
,"K*, ,"mb>?> )"DI,"0!P6=,"0! !"0
#(C,>.o"D"!#:"Inb, H*<,!10/_"@G0†
!,"0!%)7R&ƒfhUt/!*"*+0(
PT+@!*Q
(,0C,4I _"/)"10,89:(4I _"#+"()
nP)#73/)/!#+""0i/OKC,"*+0(
P"*!(O3$4Q
N(01"+"*+0(G>sAB" H"b+,P0 H/!#<z
",4#!mAB" H*YB",0P !*KA(b H("I;
B"/=O
PUEVL*3Q
*+0(07~7!AB"a"$",i, )e"!C,G(
! !",,07;#%!4"100=="31","0
)"]=9j :G(!"b"P
PT39$H!*3Q

=O!"YG0G,AB""10,#+"7K(GL0!AB" F
ie" b/1!"YG0G,AB"G>("jG>
,"m=4I _"/),47;#=P"*=!AB"…/OG
#"b"L/=O7>"Y"0AB"*+0(A=H"*
)#:K!4<D )a"$",,>"0!<+7;#7.A=D
P**!&.3*;!(OWS
"= !0(9.44%"*+,#,/1)n,P0 H )
"=!0"100=Y"]B"?B"/=O7;#|j
B"i."b"IO7"!#+"<Y,<3 )"*+0(AB"
"!#+">:B79[",407=P7(7AB"<z",4
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 7
 

_A~"","B4L#<0B"/=OC,7;#?Y""]]B"",
)"b/$7(7"*+/!#+"n4/_""B"437A4,
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 8
 


 !"#$!%&$!$'
($!)*(++++,-)./,0
+_X\_`abcXIX`^]dLeIfMeIegTR(eIMWh+++
iI@"j"= q,=O'>`>"43#"j7/HB"
)",# %AB"<(Gr0"3!0"B4?"I":<(Gr0"0
=H!]#G0Mhhhh"B0?_7G;G0Mg€!"BQ0
(4I,:46p?"j"=<(Gr0)",#=H1"G05hhh"„k]#
0?<(Gr0+j,3#G0€h•"j7 !o=O"j"=AB"
G;
H9.b)",#),4"I€h")=?'>9*G3G,"(
"I9\C,G0-h•9.b3#{=9\&hhhhYk]#0#{

7;#,GQ?Gr0?007Q?"F90,bC,"j"=+j,…/!5€h"„
Y?=,"K3AB"G;
0(/01<(Gr0"F(7;#<("=<(<>/,?<(
"@?3##+""s/)"I":G(,0 HPdh•9.b"I":(7;#
<("#+"("=A4I^(""==O89:D"0!?
="nQ89:<("D<I0!t,,"]?"0b"(
+7?(<|"3"o"?<i,(?<i,"=,3<i,"b?t=(9j7/}
+j"=<("/!#+"P+/H"0 )7(""L(9.44%
AB""*+z#=H3("IK.,0B"/=O7;#?,91 %
C/01 !"]]B"z#(7@"I":!4!,0C,"j
"=<(Gr0)",#
X/Y0ZQK3$49[
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!AB"<(#‡ !/!#"@],D(=H"I"3H
,7(""L0G)",#/!=H"4%"b/!#<(/. !
%"%#]0/p *"@],="j"=!4 [=,=O
"=a#@
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 9
 

H#:K"10Ii+"7(#H"0!AB"<("C,)"
,#?Y"(7@89:"@],C,=)"?%>
"4?90,)7/[((.o<$""=%G7KL",<j(9.4
4%AB"Y<+?01"+"*+ !#<0 ),"0!"*7;#
C,_"?(7?!0, H("!G(,0
H/=O/H"F> )AB"<(<z",4/!G>)n
!oe",4I=,)"b9.44%"*+AB"<( !089:7|
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<(=(9.44%%=O_7"q=H0!!0,?Eb
90("!,0 !e7%GG]"0n("F _!?8,i,F _4?

)I@3"109.44%AB"<(Gr0 !(/01<(
"@?<(,"0?I,4"0=H/!3"@"3""*z#"3"G)#
7K0(90,)7 !(7A"37(""LC,"j"=
Z+"b9.44%AB"<("*+"I"j"=
X/Y0YQ1+399H!*
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 10
 

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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 11
 
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<4<=227$!
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+=,
gNB7G><("*+
g'B4<+""*+
g\<+" !0G>"*+
gV37G><( !0G,4<("*+
1+1JpJMJK__ZqTrUVMOPXkRbSZX_ZsMJYMoY
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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 12

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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 14
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1+B+^LeJY
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"I<L=O7(")/!
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=,Œ
g37_90<3"#+"b"=O/!G>G#/013 j"K_
<3"=,Œ
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/!
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ˆ6•"
Z+" K9:PB"C,(•,#<3•" !Q/,4=O0=
F25
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 15
 
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=O89:G"3"
ˆ•,6Gk60
N(#<3•,6GRa"9mU07~79m)14 !0#<3
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<3,b"=O=OG3"b
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 L#<301"+7YB7R.• !gU'#
<37(")b"=O"F)(7"1*^C,","0?","0
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.gU
 'G>7(")b"=O"F)(7"1*^C,","0D#@"B7
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!0k,
N(#<3x0‘"F=O H(#<3xG‘8
9:","0RF25U'#<3G>=OGK01""F*^C,
","0D("j•? !","0D"1"(=9['#<3=OGK
01""F*^","0…=Oe"Dh? !","007~79m)4"q
#<3,0!"3"<j=OG3"b
NaJN7HGL#",9m) !)(7j#@b H(#<3
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.N‰Z#!.g0"=O7!4g/!.'G3"b(
#<3x0‘ H(•N?"FaJ789:(#09/•
!0/01xG‘>"=(• !0N"=/!/01xG‘
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 16
 

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"==O89:K9: %PYb9.4(#<389:Y-5N
HN=Os=F2MN#<3,9.4"L=O89:0,/01
• !000e• !0GC,N
X/\0b`839YA"+e#glR0
3"(#<3)1,•, !>"=

#<3/01"==O89:0(• !0N
0(< …"F(.C,(#<3 !GJ) %#!$
=,9.4#!./!•?9.4#!A,9=P/!g !•,"F#!"$b
HG !#!Qb H0N/=J/!G"37L#"0#<3
xG‘"F•,=Ob HN‰Z0eg?"37L#"00
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N#<3n,)"*B"/!(/G)n,)?a",4|"KB"
G(("KO73 !0<%#]"
K)n,=O<3|"!"K)))"=O7("A1)"8D*
,"0"G">/=O((3 !0
01839HA?
ˆN#<3n,R‰7",/6Q0U
N#<3((=O89:#+""3G„n,4I"C4/!"3<!0n,
=O89:0(@9:=(",G.#","I(F4L
+=(#<3n,)1"F7@"17P%
N(#<3n,4I,<+7_/!Y(R7("U !"
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G>F"B4=O89:T !909Q/,Q"B"10/!(909Q
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!0 j"KLb"=OGAB")…$",0e7A1/1",(
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 17
 

X/\0m0R39.*3
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=zb)#>C,G>,An,a…",4|G( _"
/)=O#,3#<3^%#e"C,#<3)9=OF
"!<D,)*G#/01Y".#C,#+"":)'#+"b"=O3
<%#e"_<3" !0 \)"=C,()* !",4|)
9"0#19,0+'3"n/!<+"109,0+<$"9,0+Z1
"Q<I+C,<+9,0+ !G1"3#@A(j"F"1"(•,
…",4|'b"=OGv#<3"F<I+C,<+9,0+#?#
<34L %"1"(<F"=
X/\0ZnR39A
wNRXfX^LeJYXULgm,/01#<3)9/0177 F
1+B+Xj_Xj]x
NPBB7!=O89:L<3|]/=O)"!4L
+P
1+B++UTyUJb
60/Q09/!PBB7!">9:B"4I/J01"+P</!*
94L/•$"R7"0U"0+9.4^F"=7"0=Oi<I
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 18
 

0!+9.4'+9.4=OB7)?+9.4,"q"=a"7"0 !
G~0 !0"".#C,+9.4“9:n,"B"C,0/Q09/!%
GL( ,GK~?"C4/* !G,8,AQ
'>) N)
X/\0ZZK!FA
NaJ/!(+#"L"10,)(7, !"L(<+

#bZe9\ _43""0(@9:>)7)(7"B7 !
9m)j#@?a"L=OG3"b"*"37 H(•,C,N
3"(0/Q09>)789:YB7-59 !9mj#@#+"
!"]##S
1+B++,ROJs_oJuz,,{|
mB"/v !GK"L=O%GL<z( ,%GL
X/\0ZY01!FA>%*^6*YS
N(/01 ,=O/)"GI9=H.4Q0"I;?"_"i”g8,•Rg8,UL
sjb/=OG3"b(• !0 !,C, ,0#+" !"=O7
8,LAGK,)"3"G3"=k"=#D0<3"%G) ,G
#B"YB7
'J)C,( ,=O0DF2&2'89:"0(< …"F …D
"1"(G>=OB7Y]/=OZt"Is=9[9m43
( j"KG(^L"=O",#(vLs8,AGK
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 19
 

X/\0Z\0`I*>%9o#!FA
'/*, ,?aJ#+"b"3",
g'K"=HbN8, !0 !,"Q0"I;R,"0,/77Q"Q,9U
gb+9m4b+9m4*1"==OB70( ,
"C4/*
g7B"01"+7B"01"+*17=Os<(0Z+" ! ,4I
(7B""b"LL01"+
gY)N(+9.40/Q094I=OB7#+")(7 !9m
)bjRSN0eNU
g,(7@.4/!",L ,k#D0!"0!,"I<L
0( ,z#"071# "qM#3&Mh#
ˆ NRXUnRXULgmL"_")0 )%GL?", ,
0/Q09M8,- j"KL%GL!"F"3/\C,A/,z##D8,

A<+"
1+B++1ZTRz2<{)|
N4/9Q89:(7/*GK0eB"/vL"10/*k4L+"43"K
0F?9mB"/v=O<P# !0#+"7K,C,4/9Q/!#9j4L
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 20
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SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 21
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9[#,9m )>"0?G~0>"0n,4"Q0%
H"q"=n,4 H"b+L#,?",A~"
"q"=n,4^C,","0,n,4"Q0%G#YY H"b+&RF
2&&U
'A(j%@)+#@"Q0n4"$<!",47?",]@ !0
%4L+"=PbC,",9[ H"q"=30"q"=@
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 22
X/\0Za0u/&
F.*+5*
không đồng bộ
 

4I?"F%4L+"=PbC,",9[=O H%
&
?"q(79:
n4"$<!",47A(j=O%@)+=F …
N%/*)"qA(j"Q0n4"$<!",4"(?"\ H%n,4

&
+I/)i,"b+"q"=n,4 !"b+C,#(4/!"b+"=O"
-


-
’
&
`
'0"0@4IR’hU?)b"=O"’&'0"0n,4j#@’h?h-
÷
h?hd
b++P/!
’
&
R&gU’
U&R
dh

$
t
−
R k7U
Pd_90
g4I/J/!# )
'09m)<,7, !09.4nB","0?9m)<,7,D9.4nB","0…
,"q"=n,4 H"b+
$
t


dh
&
=
3>"0,@4IRF2&-U?*,#6C,>"0<j*^$","0G~0 !
A=Hn,4"Q0%G#YY=90n("K !*^$","0
n~"n,n(,?"0G=,n,4"H"F,i,G‡ob9)
H*,#","0 !<j;4/\?p,/!>"0A=Hn,4"Q0%=O
/1'3"n/!#0#Q"R#D#(4U"<F<zG> !>"0G>n,4=O
 4I3a",n,4"=H>"0 H"b+Y<+(*"q>"0<j
xG,e"‘ !0*"q","0"(9B'G>"?"q"=","0 !>"0\n,4
H"b+Y<+& !":C,a"\,R
θ
’hUa"":"q"=
>"0_#,":"q"=","0#+"
θ
?"!e
θ
!/H?=
, [\n,4 H"b+Y<+&
0d9(0
+P<=HP</!#+"

+P

)G><+7_

0#1R|
",U> "=

+ P <=H  % P - + 9.4


 , "m ","0
R7"pUX0"0R7

+U [/!#+",#.# p80e/!iGb
]RGK,U/!#<z _"/)r"q"KR"=O7

+P<=H<3"q
"DU6*

0#10 9m

) "0 + 9.4

=O "* ) <z #1

)
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
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%GL

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
j
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đô - Lp: 07CDT1 23


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Khi chổa nhỏỷn tờn hióỷu tổỡ PLC.
Khi nhỏỷn tờn hióỷu tổỡ PLC.
Hỗnh 3.18. Mọ hỗnh Rồ_le.
* NRXfWUTyXULgm0G3"O789:Y-59C,NI",
0/Q/01.?-59L89:0#>F
Chổồng 4:
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4.1 Maỷch tọứ hồỹp vaỡ maỷch trỗnh tổỷ vaỡ sồ õọử GRAFCET
4.1.1 Maỷch tọứ hồỹp vaỡ maỷch trỗnh tổỷ
a. Maỷch tọứ hồỹp:
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H c Anh ụ - Lp: 07CDT1 24
 

Mảch täø håüp l mảch m trảng thại âáưu ra ca mảch chè phủ thüc vo täø håüp cạc
trảng thại vo m khäng phủ thüc vo trçnh tỉû tạc âäüng ca cạc âáưu vo. Theo quan
âiãøm âiãưu khiãøn thç mảch täø håüp l mảch håí, hãû khäng cọ phn häưi, nghéa l trảng thại
âọng måí ca cạc pháưn tỉí trong mảch hon ton khäng bë nh hỉåíng ca cạc tên hiãûu
âáưu ra .
Vãư màût toạn hc, gi thiãút mäüt mảch täø håüp cọ n âáưu vo våïi cạc X
i
( i = 1-n) v
m âáưu ra våïi cạc Y
j
(j = 1 - m), ta k hiãûu:
X = { x
1
, x
2
, . . ., x

n
} l táûp cạc tên hiãûu vo.
Y = { y
1
, y
2
, . . ., y
n
} l táûp cạc tên hiãûu ra.
Thç mảch täø håüp âỉåüc biãøu diãùn båíi m phỉång trçnh âải säú Boole nhỉ sau:
Y
j
= f
i
(X
1
, X
2
, . . .,X
n
) våïi j = 1 - m
Biãøu diãùn mä hçnh toạn ca mảch täø håüp theo så âäư khäúi.
b. Mảch trçnh tỉû:
Mảch trçnh tỉû hay mảch dy l mảch trong âọ trảng thại tên hiãûu ra khäng nhỉỵng
phủ thüc tên hiãûu vo m cn phủ thüc c trçnh tỉû tạc âäüng ca tên hiãûu vo, nghéa l
cọ nhåï cạc trảng thại. Nhỉ váûy,vãư màût thiãút bë åí mảch trçnh tỉû khäng nhỉỵng chè cọ cạc
pháưn tỉí âọng måí m cn cọ cạc pháưn tỉí nhåï.
Så âäư cáúu trục cå bn ca mảch trçnh tỉû.
Hoảt âäüng trçnh tỉû ca mảch âỉåüc thãø hiãûn åí sỉû thay âäøi ca biãún näüi bäü Y.
Trong quạ trçnh lm viãûc, do sỉû thay âäøi ca cạc tên hiãûu vo X(X

1
,X
2
,. . . ) s dáùn âãún
thay âäøi cạc tên hiãûu ra Z (Z
1
,Z
2
, . . .) v cạc tên hiãûu näüi bäü Y (Y
1
,Y
2
, . . . ) sỉû thay âäøi
cu biãún Y(Y
1
,Y
2
, . . . )s dáùn âãún thay âäøi biãún y(y
1
,y
2
, . . .) sau thåìi gian τ(τ
1
,τ
2
, . . .).
Sỉû thay âäøi ca cạc biãún y(y
1
,y
2

, . . .) lải cọ thãø dáùn âãún thay âäøi cạc tên hiãûu ra Z, kãø c
Y, räưi thç sỉû thay âäøi ca Y lải dáùn âãún sỉû thay âäøi ca y . . .Quạ trçnh lải cỉï tiãúp tủc
láu di nhỉ váûy s lm cho hãû máút äøn âënh, nghéa l mảch khäng lm viãûc âỉåüc. u
cáưu âàût ra l phi lm cho mảch äøn âënh, nghéa l khi mảch trçnh tỉû cọ sỉû thay âäøi ca
tên hiãûu vo s chuøn tỉì mäüt trảng thại äøn âënh ny âãún mäüt trảng thại måïi äøn âënh
khạcv tri qua mäüt trảng thại trung gian khäng äøn âënh. Khại niãûm äøn âënh v khäng
äøn âënh ny khäng chè liãn quan âãún ton mảch m cn liãn quan âãún c tỉìng pháưn tỉí .
Theo så âäư âäư cáúu trục trãn thç
- Mảch s äøn âënh khi:
Y
1
= y
1
v Y
2
= y
2
- Mảch khäng äøn âënh khi:
Y
1
=
&
4
hồûc Y
2
=
-
4
Nãúu mäüt råle cọ cün dáy B v tiãúp âiãøm b(thỉåìng måí) v
<

(thỉåìng âọng) thç:
- Trảng thại äøn âënh l :
B = 0, b = 0,
<
= 1
B = 1, b = 1,
<
= 0
- Trảng thại khäng äøn âënh l :
B = 0, b = 1,
<
= 0
B = 1, b = 0,
<
= 1
SVTH : Phm Tn Hong Nam- H Đc Anh Đơ - Lp: 07CDT1 25
Mảch täø håüp


x
1
x
2
x
n
y
1
y
2
y

n
Mảch täø håüp
x
1
x
2
y
1
Z
1
Z
2
Y
1
Y
2
y
2
τ
2
τ
1