Molecular farming hay việc phát triển các trang trại trồng các cây chuyển gen phục vụ sản xuất dược phẩm có mang lại những tác động tiêu cực nào đến môi trường và sức khỏe con người hay không? Phân tích tiềm năng phát triển loại cây trồng này





!"#$%"&'(&')*+,-&./*0$1-233'*4+$2$3'&+,3'5*3'6+,$2$$7.$-%.4+,#+1-8$/89:+
;%<3=>?$1-@)$A)&+,"5*+-B+,32$CD+,3*E%$F$+G!CH+)I*3'>J+,/G9K$L-M#$!+
+,>J*-&.L-I+,N-7+3O$-3*P)+Q+,1-233'*4+"!5*$7.3'6+,+G.N
RSTUU,%.V+-W->X+,-:!
Y1TZ[\
-A)9*+-/*E+3-F$-*0+T-A)
 ]/G3E+ R
 -5)-W^+, Z[_`
` \a*'%+,*H% Z[_`Z
b 'c+-W!& Z[_`[
d ,%.V+-W0 Z[_Z
Z ,%.V+-W*),7+ Z[_[b


Ue3/<+CPT
UW$-9f+,g+,]+/P !"#$%"&'(&')*+,T
'!+,+-B+,+Q),c+C7.h/*0$L-&*3-2$+,%6+=>?$"*0%3F+-*E+3i3-F$/j3C&+,3'k
3-G+-)D3/<+CPl%&+3']+,)&+,3O+-3!G+$c%/G$-m+,+,G.$G+,C>?$3->X+,)5*
-A&+-*P%-X+UR<+CPCe3'&-*0++&."G+X*9n+,3F+-*E+$o&$2$"!G*$7.3-%n$C&+,pW
p*H+)<3+-&+-$-A+,=!9Fp*H+CD+,$o&C*P%L*0+)I*3'>J+,/GCW&"qh$r+,+->9F
L-&*3-2$pi&ps*$o&$!++,>J*U->/j.h'<3L-A$ACo+,%.E+"*0%C432$-$-*H3$2$-!53
$-<33-K$<1$A-!533O+-9*+--]$=a+,3'!+,pG!$-H=>?$1-@)U*P%+G.p%D$$2$+-G
L-!&-]$$c+1-:*3O+-CH+3*P)+Q+,$o&Lt3-%j3+%I*$<.3HpG!3-F$/j3+->)D39F
3-&.3-HC4$%+,$<1+,%.E+"*0%$-!+,G+-$I+,+,-*01=>?$1-@)U
 u_v[U7.3'6+,Cc%3*E+$A+,%6+,n$32*3w-?1C*P%3'W1'!3#*+$o&$!++,>J*
3'!+,3-%n$"2/G->Y+,=>X+,UxU\&'3&hSU-!)19!+#3&"Uy
u_v_$7.3'6+,Cc%3*E+$A+,%6+,n$32*3w-?1L-2+,3-4uCc.CoLO$-$z,3'!+,

3-%n$"2UxU*&33hU\!{=*9-y
u__1'!3#*+Cc%3*E+$o&$!++,>J*$A+,%6+,n$9:+;%<33i3-F$/j3u&"p%)*+
-%.H33-&+-+,>J*3'!+,3-%n$"2/GL-!&*37.UxU*|)!+9#3&"y
u__`U/&$$*+#uL-2+,+,%.E+pP)e3/*'%9/*E),&+\C>?$3w+,-?13-G+-$I+,
3'!+,$7.3-%n$"2Ux #9!+hS 7)y
u__`:+;%<3#+}.)#$I+,+,-*01u~u&)."&9#3'!+,3-%n$"2Ux•U#+hU !"#+=*|L#3
&"Uy
u__Z,9:+;%<33i$7.3-%n$"2Ux• &hU*&33h U#*+#3&"Uy
u__[1'!3#*+1!".)#'u#"&93*++-7+35!Cc%3*E+C>?$9:+;%<33i$7.3-%n$"2Ux€U
•-&+,hS‚''.hUS&+*#"y
u__ƒ3-f+,-*0)"7)9G+,Cc%3*E+9f=8+,32*3w-?1L-2+,+,%.E+/*L-%@+$-%.4+
,*&!3'!+,)D3$oL-!&*37.p*H+Cw*,#+Ux&$L#3#3&"Uy
u__ƒ:+;%<33->X+,)5*&/*=*+3'!+,+,IUx„„!!=#3&"y
u`-7+9:+;%<33'!+,"8$"513-%n$"2Ux• 3&%p#3&"Uyu`bp*4%-*0+/G"g1
'21$o&)D3L-2+,3-4$-K$+Q+,3'!+,3:!Ux &.…*#"=h„†'&+L"*+#3&"Uy
u`b:+;%<33'.19*+p‡3->X+,)5*3'!+,+,IUx‚!!=&'=#3&"Uy
`U !"#$%"&'(&')*+,"G,ˆN
‰ !"#$%"&'(&')*+,Šx3'&+,3'5*1-7+3fy"G)D3$I+,+,-0)Y*h9f=8+,$2$3-F$/j3h
CD+,/j3h$r+,+->$2$"!G*/*9*+-/j3C49:+;%<3$2$9:+1-@)$A,*23'W$&!+->$2$
1'!3#*+32*3w-?1/G$2$$-<3$-%.4+-A&hUUUCe$p*03Cn*/Y*=>?$1-@)h.-]$h+I+,+,-*01
/G$I+,+,-*01U

!9)#%3*$&"9"G,ˆN
FLH3-?1,*B&)t1-@)/G+,%.E+"*0%=>?$1-@)$-!/*0$$-Q)9A$/G$:*3-*0+"G+=&
$o&p5+U
!"#$%"&'(&')*+,Tb->Y+,3*H1$j+
->X+,1-21T1'!3#*+.3H
%'*…*$&3*!+T3*+-95$-U„;3'&$3*!+T$-*H3;%<3-A&-]$
->X+,1-213-K-&*T#+}.)#$I+,+,-*01
&+=*=&3#TK+,$f/*E+

->X+,1-21buRg$u;*+Q+C>?$
#;3'&$3*!+&+=&+&".9*9!((!'#*,+&+3*,#+TL-&*3-2$/G1-7+3O$-$2$L-2+,+,%.E++,!5*
UD*=%+,T
U‹+,=8+, !"#$%"&'(&'+*+,1-8$/8+,G+-9:+;%<3=>?$1-@)-*0++&.T
:+;%<33-%n$9*+--]$-!G+3!G+C>?$;#)"G)D3"G+9A+,3*H13-#!Cn*/Y*"Œ+-/F$
$I+,+,-09*+--]$$7.3'6+,h)G$-!CH++&./•+$n3j13'%+,/G!/*0$3ˆ)L*H)1->X+,
1-21C43'6+,$7.=V=G+,-X+U,G+-$I+,+,-*01+G.Ce3+-*P% /]+,/G!"Œ+-/F$
)Y*)Ž+G.h)D3"Œ+-/F$L-&*3-2$L-:+Q+,$o&$7.3'6+,C4$-H35!+-B+,1'!3#*+l%&+
3']+,3'!+,+,G+-3H/Y*)D3$2*,*2'Ž-X++-*P%9!/Y*9:+1-@)L-2$h9•1-233'*4+
3-G+-)D3+,G+-=!&+-+,-*01=!&+-3-%-G+,+,-ˆ+3•S/G!$%n*3-j1L•+G.U
*0++&.)D39n+,-*E+$K%3*H+-G+-3'E+$2$$7.3'6+,p*H+3'6+,Cw*,#+T"m&hL-!&*37.h
$G$-%&h'&%p*+&h$-%n*h3-%n$"2‘
UUm&T
UUU‹+,=8+,$-!9:+;%<33-%n$h/&$$*+#/G9f=8+,C*P%3'Wp0+-+-7+pWpM+,+e+,h
9n$;%<3-%.H3/G;X,&+T
:+;%<31'!3#*+)2%3i"m&p*H+Cw*,#+#
'!+,)D3+,-*E+$K%C>?$$I+,pn3'E+•.H%$o&R*0+G+"7)-!&-]$’%n$,*&h!&
“h$2$+-G+,-*E+$K%)I3:$2$-53,5!$A3-49:+;%<39n">?+,"Y+)D31'!3#*+)2%
,]*"G&"p%)*+-%.H33-&+-h-!e$U'!3#*+K+,=8+,$-!9:+;%<33-%n$h/&$$*+#
/G9f=8+,C*P%3'Wp0+-+-7+pWpM+,+e+,h9n$;%<3-%.H3/G;X,&+U
”'%+,’%n$hq3>k+,9f=8+,"m&h)D3$7.3'6+,1-!+,1-mhC4pw9%+,-!e$3-j)$-O
3-&.3-H$2$+,%6+$%+,$<1&"p%)*+-*0+35*+-^)C21K+,+-%$c%/P/G"G),*:)
+,%.$X"7."&+/*'%93'!+,-%.H33>X+,3*P)@+CsC>?$S&*$-&+,&+,U'!3#*+
$-*H)-X+•1'!3#*+-‡&3&+3w+,9n$o&-53,5!h+-G$I+,+,-09*+--]$3-F$/j335*
5*-]$Rr2+h'%+,’%n$/G$2$C6+,+,-*013-F$-*0+p^+,$2$-$-–+,#+#)s-A&
/G!$2$$7."m&U#+#+G.C>?$LO$--!533'!+,l%23'ˆ+-35!-53/G1'!3#*+35!'&
C>?$">%3'B3'!+,-53,5!$a+,/Y*$2$$-<3=*+-=>z+,L-2$U
#+)s-A&1'!3#*+T1'L$*x1'!3#*+L*+&9#h$A3iR+-7+$-%@+h"!G*$A;>X+,
9n+,yh &"%'!+&+9.+3-&9#x$A3iR+-7+$-%@+h"!G*$A;>X+,9n+,hCD+,/j3"*+-
3'>k+,y

UU`U-n+,p0+-$&!-%.H321T
7."m&p*H+Cw*,#+3-4-*0+1'!3#*+$-n+,p0+-$&!-%.H321U&!-%.H321,7.'&p0+-
3*))5$-/G3&*p*H++s!h:+-->k+,-X+3—+,>J*3'E+3-H,*Y*U„+}.)#$A3E+l%n$3H"G
+,*!3#+9*+u$!+/#'3*+,#+}.)#x/*H33g3„y"G#+}.)#$-o"F$,7.$&!-%.H321U
2$+,-*E+$K%$-!$X$-H"G)p<3-!53#+}.)#„$o&,#+#p*H+Cw*9•"G)$-!,*:)21
9%<3)2%U2$+-GL-!&-]$3-%D$!L.!h-j3\:+Cs1-233'*4+3-G+-$I+,$7."m&
p*H+Cw*,#+3O$-38$&!-G)">?+,+*$!3*&+&)*+#xyh)D3$-<3K$$-H-B%-*0%Cn*/Y*
$-K$+Q+,$o&#+}.)#„UI+,3'ˆ+-+G.C>?$$I+,pn3'E+351$-O"&+3\*!3#$-+!"!,.U
]$‡+3ˆ)3-<.$X$-H"G)p<3-!53#+}.)#„$o&$7."m&3'&+9,#+*$)&+,h'<3
)5+-)•UX++B&h$7."m&3'&+9,#+*$+G.C>?$"&*/Y*)D3CD3p*H+$A3O+-$-<3
$"#*93!,&)!%9x3F3-81-<+L-*-!&"m&$->&+kyC4+,Q++,i&9F=*$-%.4+$o&,#+l%&
9F1-2332+$o&1-<+-!&U
UUbU˜R&$$*+"m&˜+,i&p0+-9n3)a&-–u)D3p0+-=WK+,=!1-<+-!&-!e$p8*,7.'&T
%n*+Q)`Zh$2$+-GL-!&-]$-j3\:+3-I+,p2!-]Cs35!'&C>?$)D3"!5*"m&
$-%.4+,#+$-K&/&$$*+1-‡+,p0+-9n3)a&-–u)D3p0+-=WK+,=!1-<+-!&-!e$p8*U
2$$%D$3-f+,-*0)3'E+$-%D3$-!3-<."!5*/&$$*+=>Y*=5+,"m&Q++G.Cs+,Q+C>?$
1-:+K+,)*V+=W$-,7.=WK+,U
-#!U†%)*!&L&*{&h)D33-G+-/*E+$o&+-A)+,-*E+$K%h"!5*/&$$*++G.C>?$35!
'&p^+,$2$-pw9%+,/j3"*0%=*3'%.P+3i+-B+,)@%1'!3#*+/G!pD,#+"m&U-B+,)@%
1'!3#*++G.$A"*E+l%&+3Y*=WK+,/GC>?$3ˆ)3-<.3'!+,1-<+-!&$o&$7.3-I+,"*V%
-j3\:+hLH3-?1L-2+,3-43'E+)G+,3HpG!)&93h1-7+-%•$2$-53$o&3HpG!+G.h,*:*
1-A+,$2$$-<33'%+,,*&+-!2-]$x-*93&)*+h9#'!3!+*+hp'&=.L*+*+yU2$$-<33'%+,,*&+
-!2-]$+G.h+-<3"G-*93&)*+"G)$!3-g3)5$-k+s!xC&%Cc%h$-n+,)e3h-I+)EUUUyh$!
3-g31-Hl%:+x,7.1-a+P+*E))5$1-Hl%:+yh1-a+Pk"Y1=>Y*=&hLO$-3-O$-$2$3j+
$a+,3-c+L*+-k"Y1=>Y*=&x+,K&y$!3-g3/z,*s+CD+,)5$-"Y+h"G)983-%.H321u
+,%.E++-7+$-o.H%,7.p0+-9n3)a&-–35*+>Y$+G.U
&%CA-]$-!)D3+-A)$-%D3Q+"m&-G+,+,G.3'!+,L-!:+,/G*3%c+'6*$-!$-m+,
1-X*+-*V)/Y*1-<+-!&$o&$7.3-I+,"*V%UH3l%:"G$-m+,35!'&O3-*93&)*+-X+u)D3
32$+,%.E+,7.$2$3'*0%$-K+,9n3)a&-–u/GO3-g3-X*-X+9!/Y*+-A)$-%D3Cn*
$-K+,U

U`U-%n$"2T
U`UU-n+,"5*$-<3CD$3-c+L*+-T
2$$-<3,*:*CD$-*0+C5*L-I+,1-2-o.$2$-X*CD$3-c+L*+-)G$-—$-n+,$2$3'*0%
$-K+,+-*V)CD$3-c+L*+-+->$!,*j3h+I+)f&hL-A3-kUUU<3$:$2$$-<3,*:*CD$CP%$A
$2$-*0%K+,1-8+,-*E)3']+,+->"G))<33-W"F$h3*)Cj1+-&+-h)<33j13'%+,/GL-:
+Q+,+-j+p*H3Cm+,Cg++-B+,,ˆ;%+,l%&+-U4$-n+,"5*$-<3CD$3-c+L*+-$2$
$-%.E+,*&SCs+%I*"!5*)#+,&+Ce$p*03\%3.'."$-!"*+#93#'&9#3'!+,$7.3-%n$"2
p*H+Cw*,#+U-2$/Y*+-*P%$-<3,*:*CD$L-2$h\%3.'."$-!"*+#93#'&9#"*E+LH3/Y*$2$-A&
$-<3CD$/G1-2-o.$-m+,3'>Y$L-*$-m+,pg3Cc%32$CD+,"E+-03-c+L*+-UxST=F
2++,-*E+$K%+7+,$&!Xl%&+’%n$1-‡+,xS#(#+9#=/&+$#=#9#&'$-'!|#$39,#+$.
y"G)D3$Xl%&+$o&\D,!5*,*&!!&“\D’%n$1-‡+,U
U`U`U‰R&$$*+$7.3-%n$"2˜1-‡+,p0+-9n3'™3T
'E+$2+-C6+,3-O+,-*0)$o&-s+,\*!9!%'$#™$+!"!,*#k&"*(!'+*&h$2$+-G9*+--]$Cs3'6+,
'<3+-*P%$7.3-%n$"2U-ˆ+)g33->J+,h$-m+,L-I+,L-2$,ˆ+-B+,$7.3-%n$"2$a+,-]UAC*P%h
$-m+,L-I+,+-B+,L-I+,$A-5*$-!9K$L-M#)G$‡+$A3-435!'&$2$L-2+,+,%.E+,*m1$!+
+,>J*$-*H+3-g+,9n3'™3u"!5*=W$-p0+-)GCH++&.L-!&-]$/•+1-:*pA3&.3'!+,+š"F$3*E)
1-‡+,U2$L-2+,+,%.E+CA"GTU(&"$*1&'%) 
_
x( 
_
y‘U.!#"** d›Z
x. d›Zy‘U.!#"** 
_
x. 
_
y‘U(&"$*1&'%) x( y‘U
(&"$*1&'%) x( y‘U(&"$*1&'%)`bx(9`by‘U(&"$*1&'%)`Zx(9`ZyU
-&CŽ$o&"!5*˜/&$$*+3-%n$"2˜+G."G+-G9*+-/j3-]$!)%'(#+U-j3L-A3*+h9!+,
I+,$-!p*H3h$K-&$7.3-%n$"2$A3-4$-!`ZL,/&$$*+)š*3-2+,U
U#+'.S&+*#""u+-G9*+--]$1-7+3f$o&'>J+,C5*-]$†"!'*=&h t$r+,C&+,

+,-*E+$K%$2$-9:+;%<3˜/&$$*+$7.3-%n$"2˜C4$-B&$2$p0+-3*4%C>J+,3q1hp0+-
/*E),&+hp0+-3:U
UbU˜R&$$*+'&%p*+&˜$-n+,p0+-3-&+T
'F$L-%@+p0+-3-&+hBacillus anthracis,"G/*L-%@+Cc%3*E+3-4-*0+"G+,%.E++-7+
,7.'&p0+-UQ)vƒƒh!p#'3!$-+%I*9*+-/j33'!+,)I*3'>J+,+-7+35!h$-K+,3M
L-:+Q+,$o&+AC435!#+=!91!'#9xpG!3f3'!+,h+D*pG!3fyh3*H3'&)D3$-<3CD$35!
3-G+-3ip&1'!3#*+TL-2+,+,%.E+p:!/0xyh+-7+3n,7.1-ax†y/G.H%3n,7.$-H3
+,>J*x†yU,g+/G!$2$3-83-4pP)e33HpG!/G)G+,3HpG!$o&/j3$-oU&%L-*C>?$
$g3pk*)D31'!3#&9#h"*E+LH3/Y*-&*#+}.)#CD$-5*h†/Gh/G"G)3'%+,,*&+/j+
$-%.4+$o&-]/G!pG!3>X+,h+X*-]1-23-%.32$=8+,,7.p0+-/G9:+;%<33-&+
H3l%:+,-*E+$K%C>?$$I+,pn35*-D*+,-W$o&*01-D*+,-*E+$K%p:!C:)9*+--]$u
9*+--]$1-7+3f t3-2+,`›`ZUU"#;&+=#'&'&9#/u3'>k+,+-A)+,-*E+$K%/G
$2$$D+,9FCs=a+,Lt3-%j3,#+C4C>&)D3/*'%3,7.p0+-L-:)3-%n$"2x RT3!p&$!
)!9&/*$/*'%9y/G!$7.'&%p*+&h$-—=•+$-!'&%p*+&9:+;%<3'&$2$C!5+L-2+,+,%.E+
$-n+,"5*9F-!53CD+,$o&/*L-%@+\&$*""%9&+3-'&$*9"G)D33'!+,p&3-G+-1-c+$-O+-
$o&CD$3np0+-3-&+U&%p*+&L-*$A+-B+,L-2+,+,%.E+p:!/0+G.$A3-4C>?$9f
=8+,+->"G)D3"!5*/&$$*+1-‡+,$-n+,p0+-3-&+U
UdU˜R&$$*+L-!&*37.˜1-‡+,/*E),&+\T
*0++&.h3'E+$2+-C6+,$o&)D39n3'%+,37)+,-*E+$K%Cs;%<3-*0++-B+,"*P%
˜/&$$*+L-!&*37.˜Cc%3*E+L-I+,$c+C*P%L*0++%I*=>z+,,ˆCe$p*03U-B+,$7.L-!&*
37.p*H+Cw*,#++G.h$-m+,1-233'*4+3'!+,)I*3'>J+,,*n+,+->)]*$7.L-!&*37.
L-2$TC<3h+>Y$/G2+-92+,3F+-*E+U,>J*3&˜CO+-˜/G!$-m+,)D3$-<3L-2+,+,%.E+
Ce$p*03x+3*,#+h/*H33g3"G,yh)G9&%+G.C>?$,]*"G\9,$o&/*'%9,7./*E),&+\U
-*/G!$X3-4h1'!3#*++G.9•LO$--!53-0)*V+=W$-h,*m1+A+-j+=5+,/G$-n+,"5*/*'%9
,7.p0+-3'!+,3>X+,"&*U
-—$c+Q+/G*L-!&+-"!5*L-!&*37.Csl%&p*H+Cw*,#++G.h$!++,>J*$A3-4)*V+=W$-
/Y*$Q+p0+-/*E),&+\)GL-I+,$c+1-:*3*E)U2$+-GL-!&-]$3-%D$R*0+%+,3->
!9{#""&'Lh#{!'Lh tCs3-f+,-*0)˜/&$$*+L-!&*37.˜3'E+d`3ˆ+-+,%.0+/*E+U<3
$:CP%+,•%+-*E+Q++-B+,)*H+,L-!&*37.9n+,pˆ+-3->J+,-!e$Csl%&p*H+Cw*,#+U
H3l%:"GL-2+,3-4$-n+,/*'%3/*E),&+\;%<3-*0+k[•9n+,>J*Q+b)*H+,L-!&*

37.Ce$p*03/GL-!:+,Z•9n+,>J*Q+`)*H+,U
UZU R&$;*+$-n+,p0+-3:k$-%n*$-%.4+,#+T
2$+-GL-!&-]$Cs+,-*E+$K%3-G+-$I+,"!5*/&$;*+$-n+,p0+-3:3'!+,l%23'ˆ+-
+%I*$<.)I9œ!$-%n*U\0+-3:,7.'&pk*'%D3+-*V)/*L-%@+R*p'*!$-!"#'&#U
R*p'*!$-!"#'&#9:+;%<3CD$3n3:xT$-!"#'&3!;*+yp&!,6)T3*4%CX+/Wxuy$A`ƒ
LS&$A$-K&)D3CD$S'*p!9."3'&+9(#'&9#/G3*4%CX+/W\xu\y"G)D31#+3&)#'h[
LS&U'!+,l%23'ˆ+-+%I*$<.)I9œ!$-%n*$-%.4+3*4%CX+/Wu\$o&$2$3HpG!/*
L-%@+R*p'*!$-!"#'&#$-n+,"5*p0+-3:U43-4-*0+1'!3#*+u\3'!+,-03-n+,3-F$/j3h
,#+)s-A&u\CsC>?$+-7+p:+/I3O+-3-G+-)D31 \/#$3!'U#+u\CsC>?$
L-%H$-C5*p^+,1->X+,1-21/G+-7+p:+/I3O+-/G!/#$3!'1 \$-K&)5+-
)•h$<%bZ& RbZ1'!)!3#'/G3Q+,$>J+,+-g$"5*U2$1"&9)*="G$-%.4+Cw*3-G+-
)I9œ!\&+&+&l%&,'!p&$3#'*%)3%)#(&$*#+9U:+;%<3$o&u\/&$$*+#3'!+,)I9œ!
$7.$-%n*p*4%-*0+/G$%+,$<1/g$;*+Q+C>?$U'!3#*+$-%n*)I9œ!C>?$1-7+3O$-C4
;2$+-j+32*3w-?1u\U
 >?$p*H3h"!5*+,I$o&'!=*,#+#+$C>?$p*H+Cw*,#+"G+-^)$-H35!3'.19*+h
)D3"!5*1'!3#*+C>?$9:+;%<3pk*3%.H+3%•UŒ+-/F$3-%n$+G.9f=8+,1'!3#*+C4
$-H35!*+9%"*+U
k=Œ$2$+-G+,-*E+$K%3->J+,9f=8+,$7.+,IC4"G)3-O+,-*0)"G/ˆ"!5*$7.
+G.'<3=V$-%.4+,#+/G+A/>?33'D*-X+$2$"!5*$7.L-2$/PL-:+Q+,35!'&
"!5*1'!3#*+)Y*+,&.3'!+,-53$o&+AU
 '!3#*+\3$-n+,"5*,*%+Cr&$A3'!+,'%D3
2$+-GL-!&-]$$o&Xl%&++,-*E+$K%I+,+,-*01h\DI+,+,-*01!&“Cs
L-:!923-*0%l%:$o&1'!3#*+'.Z\$o&/*L-%@+\&$*""%93-%'*+,*#+9*9/Y*32$=8+,
+->"G)D3$-<3&+3*-#")*+3-*$x3-%n$3@.,*%+yCn*/Y*,*%+Cr&9n+,3'!+,3'!+,'%D3
"?+x9$&'*99%%)yU\31'!3#*+9"G+-B+,1'!3#*+&+3!G+$-!CD+,/j3$A;>X+,9n+,h
C>?$9f=8+,1-wp*H+/G3-G+-$I+,3'!+,+I+,+,-*01-B%$X/G+I+,+,-*01
3'%.P+3-n+,h3'!+,3-F$1-@)3'&+9,#+*$/G$7.3'6+,L-I+,=a+,"G)3-F$1-@)h/G
3'!+,+-B+,$->X+,3'ˆ+-L*4)9!23/#$3XC4=*03$I+3'a+,$A-5*UI+,3'ˆ+-+,-*E+
$K%$-!3-<.T,*%+CB&k"?+$A$2$3-8l%&+k'%D3,g+/Y*'.Z\h/G1'!3#*++G.$A
3-4,*H3$-H3,*%++!+/G,*%+3'>k+,3-G+-U\E+$5+-CAhC*P%3'Wp^+,C>J+,%n+,

'.Z\=•+CH+"!5*pM-!G+3!G+9F;7)+-*V)$o&,*%+URˆ,*%+9$&'*99%%)'<3,c+
/Y*"!G*,*%+3'‡+3'!+,'%D3+,>J*x9$&'*9"%)p'*$!*=#9yh+E+'.Z\"G)D31'!3#*+$A
3*P)+Q+,C>?$K+,=8+,C43@.,*%+$-!+,>J*U
€#)3-E)35*-331T››{{{U+$p*U+")U+*-U,!/›1)$›&'3*$"#9› b[vvZbb›U
 D*3-:!/PL-!&*37.$I+,+,-09*+--]$k+CI+E;*&

D3-D*3-:!/PL-!&*37.$I+,+,-09*+--]$=G+-$-!+-A)Lt3-%j3$o&ž.p&+
+3!G+9*+--]$+=!+#9*&ž.p&+Lt3-%j3h+I+,=7+/G$2+pD+I+,+,-*01C>?$
3w$-K$/G!+,G.`d›_›`b35*\!,!'h+=!+#9*&U-oCP/P$:*3-*0+,*n+,L-!&*
37.3-I+,l%&+-7+,*n+,3-I+,3->J+,/GK+,=8+,$I+,+,-09*+--]$$-!L-!&*
37.L-2+,p0+-)n$9>X+,CsC>?$3'ˆ+-pG./G3-:!"%j+pk*'U%9)&+&$o&
R*0+,-*E+$K%&%l%:+=!+#9*&/G=*V+,*:L-2$3i\SU2$LH3l%:
$o&)D3$%D$L-:!923+-j+3-K$$o&$I+,$-m+,/PL-!&*37.$I+,+,-09*+-
-]$=!+=!\1-n*-?1/Y*\3-F$-*0+,c+C7.$r+,C>?$3'ˆ+-pG.35*-D*
3-:!U,-*E+$K%LH3"%j+'^+,+I+,=7+9Ÿ+9G+,$-<1+-j+,*n+,)Y*+H%-]"G
-!G+3!G+$-g$$-g+/P9F3-G+-$I+,U*P%+G.C‡*-M*$A$2$'%D+,)•%C43'ˆ+-
=*V+,c+/Y*+I+,=7+CW&1->X+,L-*$c+,*Y*3-*0%,*n+,$-<3">?+,$&!U
 D39nL*H++,-W"*E+l%&+CH+/*0$$-<1+-j+,*n+,)Y*=!'US&-'*&+|%+,+E%
'&p&!,6)T&y1-wp*H+L-!&*37.$I+,+,-09*+--]$$c+C>?$3-F$-*0+"*E+38$
3'>Y$L-*3->X+,)5*-A&‘py'%D+,)•%3'ˆ+-=*V+$c+1-:*C>?$3-F$-*0+CH+
3j++,>J*+I+,=7+-]$A3-49!92+-,*n+,)Y*/Y*,*n+,3-I+,3->J+,‘$y$c+3w
$-K$$2$$%D$-]1)e3/Y*+I+,=7+35*+-B+,+X*)GLH3l%:+,-*E+$K%$A3-4
C>?$3'ˆ+-pG.$-!+I+,=7+)D3$2$-3-%.H31-8$/G=y$A$2$>%Cs*$-!+I+,
=7+)%&,*n+,L-!&*37.CsC>?$$-K+,+-j+U
4p*H3$-*3*H3h"*E+-0/Y*S#{*%'.&+*$o&+=!\3-#!CW&$-—#)&*"T
$&33"#.&/&+=& ,)&*"U$!)U
 Xl%&+L*4)=W$-CD+,3-F$/j3!&“uuCsps*pMl%.CW+-l%:+"q
Cn*/Y*p&9FL*0+p*H+Cw*,#+k+,I/G$:*=c%U
*n+,+,I$-W%3-%n$=*03$M/Y*9FL*0+$-%.4+,#+Ru_vuZC>?$1-233'*4+pk*
#+#$3*/#CsC>?$3-@)CW+-3-#!$2$l%.CW+-/P2+-,*2'o*'!/P=W$--5*$7.3'6+,/G

LH3"%j+'^+,+AL-I+,$AL-:+Q+,,7.+,%.$X=W$--5*$7.3'6+,/GL-I+,$c+1-:*
l%:+"qU2$/Q+p:+Cc.Co/Pl%.H3CW+-$o&$A3-4C>?$;#)35*
-331T››{{{U&1-*9U%9=&U,!/›p'9›&1-*9=!$9›¡bd`1¡=#3U1=(U
*n+,+,Ip<33-8CF$/Y*9FL*0+ vƒd`ƒ1-233'*4+pk* !+9&+3!$r+,Cs+-j+C>?$
$-K+,+-j+ps*pMl%.CW+-l%:+"q$o&/G$2$/Q+p:+$A3-4C>?$;#)35*
-331T››{{{U&1-*9U%9=&U,!/›p'9›&1-*9=!$9›¡`v1¡=#3U1=(U
>X+,3F,*n+,$:*=c%$-W%,".1-!9&3# vvb`$r+,C>?$ps*pMl%.CW+-l%:+"q
$o&9&%l%23'ˆ+-C2+-,*23!G+=*0+/P'o*'!URQ+p:+Cc.Co$A3-4;#)35*
-331T››{{{U&1-*9U%9=&U,!/›p'9›&1-*9=!$9›¡bd`1¡=#3U1=(U
`U2$CD+,3*E%$F$$o& !"#$%"&'(&')*+,CH+)I*3'>J+,/G9K$L-M#$!++,>J*T
- :+;%<3C>?$+-B+,"!5*L-2+,9*+-h/&$;*+hL-2+,3-4)G+-B+,1->X+,1-21
9:+;%<33'%.P+3-n+,L-I+,C21K+,C>?$U
- A3O+-3->X+,)5*$&!h3-I+,3->J+,h9:+;%<3$2$$-H1-@)=>?$1-@)3iCD+,
/j3-!e$3HpG!/*L-%@+$A$-*1-O"*E+l%&+p:!=>z+,h&+3!G+hp:!l%:+/G/j+
$-%.4+$&!-X+v•9!/Y*/g$u;*++,%6+,n$3-F$/j3U
- *0%l%:9:+;%<3$&!h9:+">X+,1'!3#*+35!'&"Y+-X++-*P%9!/Y*$2$$2$-9:+
;%<3L-2$U
- 2$1'!3#*+C>?$9:+;%<335*)D33-F$/j33O$-"r.k)K$CD$&!3'!+,$2$)I$o&
+A¢£=V3-%+-j+U
- '2+-C>?$+,%.$XI+-*V)/Y*32$+-7+,7.p0+-CD+,/j3h$-¤+,-5++->/*'%9h
$A3-4,7.-5*$-!$!++,>J*U-I+,$A/*'%93-F$/j3CsC>?$3ˆ)3-<."G,7.p0+-
$-!$!++,>J*
- G)95$-$o&9:+1-@))!+,)%n+3i3-F$/j33->J+,=V-X+"G3i/*L-%@+h/P
$:$-*1-O/G3'ˆ+-CD"&!CD+,
- A3-49:+;%<33'E+l%.)I3'&+,3'5*+I+,+,-*01/X*+-B+,.E%$c%3-*H3.H%
CX+,*:+U
Bảng 1
So sánh các hệ thống biểu hiện
Hệ thống biểu <) #+ R*L-%@+ R*'%33-F$/j3 7.p*H+Cw*,#+ CD+,/j3
D+,/j3p*H+

Cw*,#+
Chi phí duy trì L-I+,3n+L™) L-I+,3n+L™) L-I+,3n+L™) L-I+,3n+L™) Cg3 Cg3
Loại hình lưu
trữ
u`U¥ u`U¥ u`U¥ ¦ 
`
¦¦ ›
Kích thước
gen (protein)
hạn chế
->&p*H3 ->&p*H3 5+$-H -I+,,*Y*-5+ 5+$-H 5+$-H
Chi phí sản
xuất
'%+,pˆ+- '%+,pˆ+- -<1 -<1 &! &!
Sản lượng
protein
&! '%+,pˆ+- <3$&! &!
'%+,pˆ+-CH+
$&!
&!
Nguy cơ điều
trị
->&p*H3 $A ->&p*H3 ->&p*H3 $A A
`UU2$CD+,3*E%$F$CH+)I*3'>J+,T
uD$-5*Cn*/Y*$2$"!G*L-I+,1-:*)8$3*E%/I-5*
uD$$-!$I+3'a+,$AO$-
u D3)n*C#=]&CH+-09*+-3-2*C<3h3-&.Cw*3-G+-1-c+3'!+,C<3+->/j.9•:+-
->k+,CH+C&=5+,9*+--]$U
u !"#$%"&'(&')*+,$r+,$A3-4=•+CH+)D39F3-&.Cw*3'!+,3•"0$7.3'6+,k$2$L-%
/F$+-<3CW+-U*P%+G.$A3-4:+-->k+,CH+C&=5+,9*+--]$

u2$3'&+,3'5*$7.3'6+,$-%.4+$Al%.)I"Y++H%1-2332+'&)I*3'>J+,,7.I+-*V)
,#+x35!=‡+,,#+L-I+,)!+,)%n+/G!$2$l%c+3-4-!&+,=syh9A*)‡+,#+U
`U`U2$CD+,3*E%$F$CH+9K$L-M#$!++,>J*T
u2$/Q$;*+h$2$#+}.)L-2+,3-4$A3-4+,•%+-*E+36+35*/Œ+-$f%3'!+,$2$9:+1-@)
$A3-4,7.CD$$-!-!e$$A3-43-&.Cw*32$=8+,9*+-"qU
5+$-HT
Q)`dhR*0+-G+"7)-!&-]$k!&“$I+,pn)D3p2!$2!)&+,3E+‰5+$-H9*+--]$$o&
9*+-/j3p*H+Cw*,#+ŠU\2!$2!">%q'^+,+,Q+$-e+3%.03Cn*$2$"!5*$7.3'6+,$-%.4+,#+=>?$
1-@),7.I+-*V)+,%6+$7.3'6+,3-F$1-@)"GL-I+,3-4,-*E+$K%3'!+,"Œ+-/F$+G.
p7.,*J3j13'%+,/G!$2$"!5*$7.3'6+,1-*3-F$1-@)U
Fl%&+37),c+C7.CH+/<+CP˜/g$;*+Q+C>?$˜$r+,Cs)&+,"5*$:+-$2!/P9F3-j+3']+,
$o&q3>k+,+G.U,&.$:32$,*:$o&/g$u;*+Q+C>?$h-&'"#9'+3}#+p7.,*J3-i&+-j+'^+,q
3>k+,+E+3ipMU
e$=a=V=G+,l%:+"q/g$u;*++->)D3)A+Q+'<3-<1=•++->+,+,%.$X/g$u;*+9:+;%<33-F$
1-@)3'k+E+3O$--?1/G!3'!+,3-F$1-@)"Gl%2"Y+U
`UbU\*0+1-21l%:+"q'o*'!T
4,*:)3-*4%32$CD+,3*E%$F$Cn*/Y*)I*3'>J+,/G$!++,>J*h)D39np*0+1-21CP'&T
 \DI+,+,-*01 t.E%$c%$2$+-G92+,$-H=>?$1-@)9*+--]$1-:*,*B$2$"!5*$7.
3'6+,3-f+,-*0)$o&)ˆ+-3'2+-;&+-B+,$2+-C6+,$A+-B+,$7.3'6+,$a+,-]-G+,
/G.E%$c%-]1-:*3O+-3!2+3-J*,*&+$-!$-%L“32*9:+;%<3$o&$2+-C6+,3-f+,-*0)
C4L-I+,C6+,pD/Y*3-J*,*&+9:+;%<3$o&+-B+,$2+-C6+,LH$j+U%.+-*E+h3'E+3-F$
3HL-I+,$Al%.CW+-,*Y*-5+CW&"qCn*/Y*+-B+,1-23)*+-=>?$1-@)9*+--]$-!e$
+-B+,$7.3'6+,C>?$9f=8+,U
 2$C*P%L-!:+/GC*P%L*0+C>?$21Ce3pk*$2$†xXl%&+*4)'&-F$-@)
&+&=&yp&!,6)T
U2$-".9*+-9:+$o& !"#$%"&'(&')*+,3i3<3$:$2$/83>X+,3FL-2$U
`U-F$/j3/G+,%.E+"*0%3-F$/j33i$2$3'&+,3'5*3-f+,-*0)L-I+,C>?$1-™1C4
3-!23L-M*)I*3'>J+,L-2$U
bU,Q+$-e+$2$9:+1-@)$A3-43-7)+-j1/G!$-%š*3-F$1-@)$-!+,>J*-!e$CD+,
/j3U

dU-I+,+E+3'6+,/Y*$a+,)D3-!e$)D3"!G*$A"*E+l%&+3'!+,)D33-J*,*&+l%.CW+-h
3a.3-%D$/G!Ce$C*4)9*+--]$$o&$7.3'6+,3-f+,-*0)x/O=8+->9&%)D3$%D$3-f
+,-*0)-53$:*h=c%$&+!"&-!e$"!G*"*E+l%&+$A3-4L-I+,C>?$3'6+,9&%L-*-!G+
3-G+-$2$3-f+,-*0)3-F$CW&yU
ZU’%:+"O$-<33-:*T2$+,%.E+"*0%$‡+"5*3'!+,$2$3'&+,3'5*+%I*3'6+,/G$X9kp:!
l%:+-&.$-Hp*H+1-:*C>?$C:)p:!;f"O+,-*E)+,e3hL-I+,C>?$C4;7)+-j1/G!
$-%š*3-F$3-F$1-@)$-!$!++,>J*/GCD+,/j3-&.32$CD+,;<%3Y*)I*3'>J+,U
 \*!3#$-+!"!,.+=%93'.',&+*}&3*!+hj1C!G+$I+,+,-09*+--]$"Y++-<3/a+,\g$ t
C>&'&$&)LH3'^+,h-]9•3'2+-L-I+,3'6+,+,Ik+-B+,p&+,9:+;%<3+,I3c)$z+->
p&+,!{&h""*+!*9h+=*&+&/G)D31-c+$o&#p'&9L&U
bU'*4+/]+,T
u-#!Xl%&+-&+-3'&3-F$1-@)&+&=&h+A*'^+,!&“$A+-%$c%=>?$1-@)
$I+,+,-09*+--]$C&+,)k'D+,/Y*b•)š*+Q)/GC53,*23'W3-W3'>J+,$o&
`v[§3'!+,+Q)`dU !"#$%"&'(&')*+,=FL*H+9•$A,*23'W§
UUU3'E+3!G+$c%/G!+Q)``U
u\w9%+,9n9:+1-@)CsC>?$3->X+,)5*-A&T.9!}.)#h&$3!(#''*+h&"p%)*+-%.H3
3-&+-+,>J*C*P%3'W3*E%$-:.x"m&p*H+Cw*,#+y‘.&+!/#'*+uC*P%3'WRx3-%n$"2
$-%.4+,#+yU
u !"#$%"&'(&')*+,CsC>?$21=8+,k9n+>Y$+->T
¨ t$A)D39n$I+,3.+->'!=*#+#k#;&9/G&"*(!'+*&3'6+,"m&C49:+;%<3/&$;*+U
¨R*0+*+--]$1-7+3f/G9*+-3-2*K+,=8+,h/Y*$2$3'&+,3'5* k t/G-*"#"G-]$
/*0+$-O+-$o&3j1C!G+S>?$1-@)"&+3&$o&bb3w$-K$Cn*32$3i`l%n$,*&$-7%©%
/G&)-*hC>?$3G*3'?pk*ž.p&+$-7%©%U !"#$%"&'(&')*+,C&+,1-233'*4+-03-n+,
9:+;%<3+-G)2.$o&$2$1'!3#*+3'!+,+-GLO+-3'!+,L-%I+L-w1-21"q$-7%©%U
u%.+-*E+h)D39n+-G)2.-*0+C&+,3-f+,-*0)1-233'*4+3'E+"Œ+-/F$+G.U\k*/ˆ
C7."G)D3/<+CP3>X+,Cn*)Y*h$2$l%.CW+-;%+,l%&+-/*0$1-233'*4+h3-f+,-*0)/G
L*4)CW+-$%n*$a+,L-*C>&'&3-W3'>J+,/•+$->&C>?$Cc.CoU”&+&=&L-I+,$A
=>?$1-@)9:+;%<33i$7.3'6+, C>?$1-E=%.03C4p2+h$r+,L-I+,1-:*"Gp<3L“
3-F$/j3p*H+Cw*,#+C49:+;%<39:+1-@)CACsC>?$1-E=%.03$-!"Œ+-/F$9:+;%<3
3->X+,)5*/G!3-J*C*4)+G.U

UH3"%j+T
e$=a !"#$%"&'(&')*+,$%+,$<1,*23'W"Y+$-!9:+;%<3=>?$1-@)h$I+,+,-*01/G
$-m+,3&1-:*3*H+-G+-3-j+3']+,3'!+,"Œ+-/F$+G.C4$AC>?$9F$-<1+-j+$I+,L-&*U
2+-,*2$o&+-A)T%.L-I+,+-&+-+->L“/]+,$o&)]*+,>J*+->+,/Y*+-B+,,ˆCs
C53C>?$/G3*P)+Q+,k1-O&3'>Y$h$-g$$-g+ !"#$%"&'(&')*+,/•+9•$A+-B+,p>Y$
1-233'*4+"5$l%&+h/•+-K&-œ+9•"G)3-&.Cw*+,G+-.3H/Gl%23'ˆ+-1-233'*4+=>?$
1-@)ª
RUG*"*0%3-&)L-:!T
 331T››{{{U*+91#$3*!+U,$U$&›1"&+39›1"&+39u{*3-u+!/#"u3'&*39›,#+#'&"u
1%p"*$›1)(›l%#93*!+9u&+=u&+9{#'9›#+,›bbƒvƒ`_bb[ƒ[›bbƒvƒbd_ƒ`
`U-331T››{{{U9"*=#9-&'#U+#3›%'{*3-+*')&"›)!"#$%"&'u(&')*+,
bU -331T››{{{U|19'U1-&')&*+(!U*+›S!$%)#+39›R!"%)#9›R!"`99%#›|19'`dU1=(
dU-331T››{{{U-*+=&{*U$!)›|!%'+&"9›p)'*›``›`[_v›
ZU -331T››{{{U+#;,#+p*!3#$-U$!)›#+,"*9-›)(›(&')*+,U-3)
6. hp://www.isaaa.org/resources/publicaons/pocketk/26/default.asp
ƒU…*"#T›››„T›•„•\\•\b•``•`+•d•vb)•`b›+•`3!•b•+•`›*
•„•\\•vb%•`"%•„•\•S+›&+&=&U-3)U
vU…*"#T›››„T›•„•\\•\b•``•`+•d•vb)•`b›+•`3!•b•+•`›*
•„•\\•vb%•`"%•„•\•S+›-•„•\\•_S*•`$•„•\\•ƒ&•`/&$$*+
•`3-•„•\\•\$•`/•„•\•S3•`p•„•\•†3•`•d•_•„•\
•ƒ%•`•`•` #,&†%+•`•`•„•\\•_Z+,•`,*•„•\•b*•`3'
•b•S•`3'•„•\\•\$•`3%.•„•\•\†+U-3)U
_U…*"#T›››„T›•„•\\•\b•``•`+•d•vb)•`b›+•`3!•b•+•`›*
•„•\\•vb%•`"%•„•\•S+›&3%'#•`•`(!$%9•`!+•`&+3-'&;U-3)U
U…*"#T›››„T›•„•\\•\b•``•`+•d•vb)•`b›+•`3!•b•+•`›*
•„•\\•vb%•`"%•„•\•S+›•b•\&•`$&!•`-%.•„•\•\†3
•`•b•1U-3)«U}|.&*;!,U
U…*"#T›››„T›“•``•`+Q)•`b›+•`3!G+•`›*4%•`"%j+›7.•`3-%n$
•`"2•`p*H+•`Cw*•`,#+•`$A•`3-4•`,*m1•`$-n+,•`"5*•`$-<3•`CD$
•`3-c+•`L*+-U•`-23•` *+-•`,*E+•`K%•`u•`€s%j+U$!)•`*+

•`A+,U-3)