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thiết kế bộ điều khiển có sử dụng giảm bậc mô hình ứng dụng cho bài toán điều khiển cân bằng

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Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu

1





ĐẠI HỌC THÁI NGUYÊN
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KỸ THUẬT CÔNG NGHIỆP




NGUYỄN VĂN CƯỜNG






THIẾT KẾ BỘ ĐIỀU KHIỂN CÓ SỬ DỤNG
GIẢM BẬC MÔ HÌNH ỨNG DỤNG CHO BÀI
TOÁN ĐIỀU KHIỂN CÂN BẰNG




Chuyên ngành: Kỹ thuật điều khiển và tự động hóa
Mã số: 60520216





LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KỸ THUẬT





Thái Nguyên, 2014

i




Tên tôi là: 
73
H - 02  -

  - ng
“Thiết kế bộ điều khiển có sử dụng giảm bậc
mô hình ứng dụng cho bài toán điều khiển cân bằng ”  TS.
Nguyễn Văn Chí 

Tôi 


Thái Nguyên, ngày 15 tháng 7 4











ii




TS. Nguyễn Văn Chí, 
 “Thiết kế bộ điều khiển có sử dụng giảm bậc mô hình ứng dụng
cho bài toán điều khiển cân bằng 
Tôi 
TS. Nguyễn Văn Chí 
tôi 

 tôi 
TS. Đào Huy Du 



tôi 


Thái Nguyên, ngày 15 tháng 7 4










iii

 i
 ii
 iii
 iv
 1
 
 3
-LTI 4
 5
1.3.1  5
1.3.2  6
1.3.3  13
 21
 

2.1  23
2.2 Mô hình hóa X2T 24
2.3  29
2.4  34

 

3.1  35
3.2  41
3.3  42
3.4  44
 46
 48


iv



Hình1. 1: Phân chia mô hình   8
Hình1. 2: Phân  8
 9
 23
Hình 2. 2: Mô hình hóa X2T hai bánh. 24
Hình  40
Hình 3. 2. X2T 
 41
Hình 3. 3. X2T ng hai
 41

 43

 43

 44

Tham 
và mô hình hàm tru 38


1

Ngày nay  
 
X2T,xe


  Kahanl      STR (Self Tuning
Regulator) Tuy nhiên,          
t
, t 
 X2T  làm v

              
sao
. 


  

 

ca

  xe di chuyển bằng hai bánh đặt dọc tự cân bằng (X2T)


nhân, xe nà              

 
cho X2T,  X2T v


2
 


 

 
 
H


 


             
MATLAB/SIMULINK
 



 


H


.
Ch

p
Thái Nguyên, ngày 15 tháng 7 4






3
 
MÔ HÌNH
1.1.  .

               



các mô hình  60




              
 





 

  

cách khác, các 




4

      

 , 

1.2. -LTI
ng (Linear Time Invariant) 


(
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
dx t
E Ax t Bu t
dt
y t C x t Du t
(1.1)
 

nn
E
không c      
nn
A
,
nm
B
,
pn
C
,
pm
D

()
n
xt

()
m
ut

()
p
yt


 



E = I, LTI 
(
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
dx t
Ax t Bu t
dt
y t C x t Du t
(1.2)
m = p = 1 
    > 1 và            
(MIMO).
  

      -    



B + D (1.3)
 là:


B + D (1.4)


5
1.3. Các  

). Tuy








 


    


1.3.1 
    PC[t
1
, t
2
       
    
1
, t
2
], R
m

là k      
PC
m
[t

1
, t
2


1
, t
2
], 
n
, S


 

 M: R
k
 R
n

k


n
 
R
kxm
 
 
k


R
n

k
.


6
Ker(M) := {x  xR
k
, M(x) = }
 
n


k

n
.
Im(M) := {y  yR
n
, xR
k
, M(x) = y}
M
T
, M ,
M
F

), M
2

 , v 
gian Eculid R
n
.
1.3.2 














R
, B
R
, C
R

Sai 
()

R
At
At
e R R
H t Ce B C e B



7


e


At


1/2
1/2
2
0
( ) ( ) min
T
T T At T A t T
ee
H t H t dt Ce BB e C dt
(1.5)

At




p


0
T
At T A t T
Ce BB e C dt

tro
1/2
0
2
( ) ( ) 1
T
ee
H t H t dt
(1.6)
Khử hệ con



1 11 1
2 21 22 2 2
1
2
2
()
()

RR
R
x A A x B
t
x A A x B
x
y t C C
x



8
 
R
,B
R
, C
R







Hình 1. 1: 













Hình 1. 2: 


-




     

A
r
, B
r
, C
r




A
r

, B
r
, C
r




9
Tính trội nội












Hình 1. 3: 


R
,B
R
, C
R

) c

1
, x
1


2
, x
2
.

 
1 1 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ), ( ) ( )x t T x t x t T x t
,





1 1 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ), ( ) ( )x t T x t x t T x t

+
+
+
+
+
+


C
r
B
r
A
r
d
1
(t)=0

C
2
B
2
A
22
A
21
A
12
x
1
(t)
d
2
(t)=0
x
2
(t)

y(t)
(t)


10
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1
1 1 1
12
2
2
2 21 1 2 22 2 2 2
1
1 2 2
2
ˆˆ
0
ˆˆ
( ) ( ) ( )
ˆ
0
ˆ
ˆ
()
ˆ
R R k
nk
R
x T A T T A T x T B I
t d t d t

xI
x
T A T T A T T B
x
y t C T C T
x
(1.7)
t
k
, I
n-k
-k)x(n-k).
v
1
0
k
I
V
;









kn
I

V
0
2

(t), d
1
(t) cho ra
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
ˆˆ
( ) ; ( )
At At
X t T Ve B Y t Ce VT


12
1 1 1 1 1 1
0
ˆˆ
( ) ( ) ( )
T T T
c
X t X t dt T V W V T

2
1 1 1 1 1 1
0
ˆˆ
( ) ( ) ( )
T T T

o
Y t Y t dt T V W V T


22
ˆˆ
( ), ( )X t Y t

2
, T
2
thay cho V
1
, T
1
).

1


)(

),(

2
tYtX
T

2
1 1 1 1 1

00
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
TT
X t X t dt Y t Y t dt
(1.8)

2

2
2 2 2 2 2
00
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
TT
X t X t dt Y t Y t dt
(1.9)
Định nghĩa 1.1: 
1


2
.
 mô hình

1
, X
2



1
, X
2



11
Định nghĩa 1.2: 
R
,B
R
, C
R



1
, X
2

22
12
ˆˆ
FF

Tính trội nội và các dạng bậc 2


Định đề 1.3: 
















k
ki
i
k
i
i
1
4
1
4



2
i


i 1  i  n
Chứng minh
1
=
diag{
1
,
2
, , 
k
}, 
2
= diag{
k+1
, , 
n


1
, X
2

11


,
22


, 


2
2
1
4
1
42
1




n
ki
i
k
i
i



CBA



,,

1
,
X

2

FF
2
2
2
1




 









)(

)(

)(
2
1
21
tx

tx
PPtx

)(
)(

)(

2
1
2
1
tx
Q
Q
tx
tx
T
T


















;
1
 PQ
T


T
=I
2
= PQ
T
 = P
1
Q
1
T
 + P
2
Q
2
T




12
P
1
Q
1
T
 









n
ki
i
F
T
QP
1
4
22


d
F
T

F
T
QPQP 
2211


 
21
2
0
2
1


PP
P
P
dteBBe
T
T
tATtA
T














 
21
2
0
2
1


QQ
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

m



 



13

K
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T

toán cho X
co
.



e

 

1.3.3 
1. -Matching

pháp moment- 
 
1

a.  toán hc





            
0
s


(
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
dx t
Ax t Bu t
dt
y t C x t Du t


1
( ) ( )G s C sE A B D

  
(1.10)



dx
Ax B u

dt
y C x D u
(1.11)

1
ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
( ) ( )
k
G s C sI A B D
(1.12)


14
              
.10) và (1.12
0

2
0 0 1 2
( ) Gs
    
    
(1.13)
2
0 0 1 2

  
( ) Gs
     

    
(1.14)

1

à
i
v







0

       -match    





ban


, i=1, ,l,
ii




ln
.

      

u t

        -Order

Padé via Lanczos (PVL)
2


= (E, A, B, C, D), 

1
0
1
0
(( ) ) ,
(( ) ) W W ,
T
k
T T T
k
A s E E V VT fe
A s E E T ge

 

T1
0
W (( ) )T A s E E V
      
T T T n k n k k
W , W 0, V 0, V, W , f, g và T
m
k
V I f g
  

T



15

    


   ào,
l = 2k/m



Bai et al. [3Tuy nhiên, phân
             
ng.
(PRIMA)
PRIMA (Passive Reduced-Order Interconnect Macromodeling

Algorithm) 4
  

=             



1
0
(( ) ) ,
T
k
A s E E V VT fe

 
1
0
(( ) )
T
H V A s E E V
    
T
, V 0,
T
k
V V I f

, f và H
n k n m k k
V

     

T

l=k/m. 
ho



5]




16

         (Multipoint Rational
Interpolation)       6  
1997 và Skoogh [7
        8       


(
/q k m

l=k/m 











 

              

             




17
2. 
 (SVD)
Ta 
AB
CD
(1.15)
l 
nn
AR

nm
BR
,
pn

CR

kk
k
kk
AB
CD
        
kk
k
AR
,
km
k
BR
,
pk
k
CR
.


 
 
 
 





P và Q là  Hermitian 
0
0
TT
TT
AP PA BB
A Q QA C C

g
)(
i



l

)()( PQ
ii



a. Gim mô hình cân bng

T
và Q= LL
T


T
L=ZSY

T



18

T
 
11
1
22
T T T
b
T S Z U S Y L
.

0
TT
b b b b
AS SA B B
,
0CCSASA
b
T
bb
T
b

.
t

1
bbbb
1
bbb
CTC,BTB,ATTA


.










2
1


)(
i
diagS


2




11 12 1
bb
21 22 2
b
b
1 2 b
A A B
A B
A A B
C D
C C D










(1.16)

k k k m p k
11 1 1
A R , B R và C R
  
  
.


11 1
k
1
A B
C 0






11


H


k 1 n
k
2( )



   

(1.17)
b. ng xp x




b

trong (1.3).
- 
 (1.18)

2

- 








19
T
T
T1
A JC B

A B

C , J=J

C
BJ





  






.
             
T

2
ii


( PQ) ( PQ) ( X )




X




T


X U V

  

X
  
T
k k k k

X U V
 
k
và V
k
là các   

k



k 

;
 
k

X
        


X
 
*
k k k k

X Z D W

*
k k k
W Z I

k

X


**
k k k k k
k
k
W A Z W B
CZ





.




c. p x nhiu suy bin

11
11 12 22 21 1 12 22 2
k
11
1 2 22 21 2 22 2
A A A A B A A B
C C A A D C A B











H



d. Xp x hoá chun Hankel









)(
~
1



k
L

.

~

chính xác. Phân tích

thàn   


   


20



:


    







H


e. Bo tn tính th ng ca mô hình gim bc




(
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
dx t
E Ax t Bu t
dt
y t C x t Du t


(
) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
dx t

E Ax t Bu t
dt
y t Cx t Du t

v tính

 



     

()Gs
   


:
-1
ˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
( ) ( - )
k
G s C sI A B D


()Gs



ˆ

()Gs


ˆˆ
G(s) = G(s), s C


ˆˆ
( ) ( ( ))* 0 cho Re(s)>0G s G s
.

Ober [9], Kim [10], Feldmann và Freund [11], Bai [12,13], Odabasioglu [4],

×