nghiên cứu ứng dụng tính chất kị nước của axít đối với quá trình nghiền clinker và tăng thời gian bảo quản xi măng

BO
GIAO
DUG VA DAO TAG
DAI HOG
QUOG
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUONG
DAI HOG KHOA HOG
Tl/NHlfiN
DINH
XUAN
LOG
Ngliien
ciiu
ung
dung
tinh
chat
ky
nuo^c ciia
axit
MDV
doi voi
qua
trinh
nghicn
clinker
vii
tang

thori
gian
biko
quiin
xi
inang.
LUAN
VAN THAC SY KHOA HOG HOA HOC
Chuyen
nganh : Hoa
vo ca
Ma
so
: 01.04.01
'L^JOt
Huong dan khoa hoc :
TS.
Nghiem
Xuan
Thung
P(iS.TS.Phan
Van
1
uong
Ua
noi
2000.
J
Mue luc
Ph;lM

A
Chircng
1
I.I.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2.1
T
1
2.}
2.4
2 "^
2.r)
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
.4.1
.4 2
.4.3
.4.4
.5
.5.1
.5.2
.5.3
.6

.7
.7.1
.7.2
.7.3
.7.3;i
.7.3b
.7.3c
.7.3cl
.8
1.8.1
1.8.2
1.8 ^
1.8.4
1.8.5
I
.8.6
Lcri
ma
daii
Tung quail
Xi
maiig
pooclang
Khai iiiem
Thanh
phaii
hoa hoc
ciia
clinker xi
mang

CaO
SiO,
Al,0,
Fe^O,
MgO
Kicm
Thanh
ph;1n
khoang hoa
ciia clinker
xi
inang
pooclang
Alit
Belit ,
Canxi
Ahiniinal
cciii
I1IZIIZZIIZZZ^^\Z^
I'ha
tlmy
tinh
Qua Irnih
hydrat hoa
ciia
xi mang
Phan
iVng
hydrat hoa
cua

khoang Alit
Phan ung hydral hoa cua khoang Belit
Phan ung hydrat hoa cua khoang TricaxiAluminat
Phan
I'rng
hydral hoa cua khoang Tetra caxi
Fcroaluminat
Cac he so
ca
ban cua clinker xi mang pooclang
He so bao hoa voi LSF
Modun
.Silic
SM
Modun
iihom
AM
Qua
truih
san
xuflt
xi mang pooclang
Nghien xi mang pooclang
Thach cao
Cac
loai
phu gia khac
Oic
vcu
to

lien quan den qua
trnih
nghien
Do min
Kha
nang
nghien cua
vflt
lieu
Phuong
phap nghicn
Cac
chflt tro
nghien
C.ac
tinh chA't co ly
hoa cua da xi mang va cac yen to auh
hmyiig
den no
Do mill
T\
le
iiuo'c/
xi mang
Thoi
gian
iiiiih
ket
Cirofiig
do \ a mac cua xi mang

Su
to;i nhiet khi
doiig
ran
Do on
diiili the tfch
Tiaiig
1.2
'
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9

10
10
10
1 1
1 1
13
13
1^
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
16
19
20
1.8.7
Do ginm mac luc
lini kho
ban quan
20
1.9
Cac loai phu gia
tra
nghicn xi
mang 21

1.9.1
Tro xi

1.9.2
Phu gia Puzolan 22
1.9.3
Cac loai axil beo va chat
hfru
co khac 23
ChU(tng
2 Vai tro cua phu gia ky
nirac
doi
vai
xi mang 27
Chircyng
3 Cac
phirang
phap hoa ly nghien
curu
xi mang 34
3.1
Phaang
phap phan tfch hoa hoc xac djnh cac thanh
philn
khoang
hoa
ciia
xi mang
34

3.1.1
Xac dinh
lugng
SiO.
trong xi
mfing
34
3.1.2
Xac dinh ham
lirgfng
Fe;0,
35
3-1
-3 Xac dinh ham
liraiig
Aip,
35
3.1A
Xac dinh ham
krcrng
CaO
^ 36
3.1.5
Xac dinh ham
lagng
CaO
tir
do
'
37

3.2
Phirong
phap
phan
tfch
nhieu
xa tia X
38
3.3
F^hucrng
phap phan tfch pho hong ngoai 39
3-4
Phirong piiap
phan
Ifch
nhict
41
3.5
IMian Ifch
cap hat bang quang pho
laser
43
l^han
B
Thac
nghiem
^^
C
hUitng
4 Nghien

ci'ru
anh
hirong
cua axit beo MDV den tfnh nang
ciia
xi
mang pooclang
^^^
4.1
Doi
tintng
va phirang phap nghicn
cihi
A^
4-2
Aiih hiring
cua ham
lirang
phu gia
dei] do
min cua xi mang
^(^
4.3 Anh
huang ciia
ham lirang phu gia den do ky
nirdc
cua xi mang
50
4.4
Xnh hirang

cua ham lirang phu gia den chat lagng xi mang khi
bao quan 5
I
4-4.1
£)Q
hut am theo thai gian bao quan
51
4-4.2
£)Q
\ on cue
theo thai gian bao quan
54
4.5
Arih
hirang cua ham lugng phu gia
deii
do deo lieu chuan
ciia
xi
mang
_^
_ _ ^
;
•" • _ ^ "^ ^
!Sh
4.6 Anh hirang cua ham
hrgng
|)hu gia den qua
lilnh
dong h(.)c dong

ran cua xi mang
^^
4-7
Xiih
hirang cua ham
lirgng
phu gia den
cirang
do cua xi mang 59
Chirang
5 Danh gia xi mang co phu gia ky
nuac
bang cac phirang phap hoa
ly hien dai
. ^
5-1
Phan tfch nhieu xa Ranghen
5-2
|>|ian
tfch nhiet vi sai DTA
IMian ifch
bang quang pho hong ngoai
Phan tfch bang kfnh hien
\i
dien
tir
Phan
tich
cap hat bang laser
-^

Ket
luan -j
5.3
5.4
5.5
63
67
69
60
Mo
ddu
Xi mang la vat lieu quan
Irong
hang dau
Irong
nganh xay
dung,
chi'nh vi
va)'
nganh
cong nghicp
san
xual
xi mang
dUdc coi
la
mol
U'ong
nhu'ng
nganh mui

nhon
cua mol
nii^c.
San
Iticfng
lieu
ihu
xi mang hang nam
ciia
moi
nuac
la
mol Irong nhung
chi
lieu cho la
ihay loc
do
phal Iricn
kinh
Ic ciia dal nuo'c
do.
0
Vicl
nam Irong qua
Irlnh
kicn
ihicl
dal
nuac
,nhu cau

sir
dung xi mang
cho xay dung
hien
nay la 18
Iricu Ian
va
duyc
du doan
lang Irung blnh
khoang 10 - 15%/ nam Irong mUoi nam
lai.
Dc
ihu'c hien
khoi
lirong
xay
clu'ng lo 16'n
Irong nhung nam
lai,
chiing
la can lang dang kc khoi luo'ng xi
mang va nang cao
chal luang
xi mang. Irong
dicu
kicn
lir nhicMi
voi khf hau
nhict doi nong

am,
mua nhieu,
vice
san xual, bao
tiuan.
van
chuycn,
luu
kho
laii
ngay moi
sir
dung,
nhal
la xi mang
\\i\
khong dong bao.
ihl
van dc
cai
Ihicn
va nang cao chal hro'ng xi mang la
ral
buc
ihiel.
Tu nhung ycu cau cap
ihici
do,
vice
nghicn

cii'u
va
sil
dung phu gia xi mang ki
nuoc
co mot vai
Iro
ral
c|uan
Irong .
Do
la mol giai phap khoa hoc ky
ihual
lam
hiCMi
doi mol so
liiih
chal
ciia
xi mang, be long va
vij'a
be long
iheo
quan diem Uic dung cua
niriV cV
cac giai doan khac nhau Irong san xual va
sir
dung loai
vai lieu
nay.

Clu
can mol
luong
phu gia
hiru
co* ral nho (vai phan
nghln)
cho vao khi
nghicn
clinker,
co
ihe
cai Ihicn va nang cao chal
\via\\\i
sii'
dunu ciia
xi
man^^
() kicMi X6 lir
nam 1947 -
1949
da
nghicMi ciiu
va
chc lao diro'c
xi
manu ki
nir(')c.dCMi
nam 1950 da
dira

vao san xual cong nghicp. Sau
niiv
cac nha khoa
hoc
LicMi
Xo da nghicn
cu'u
sii'
dung nhieu
loai
phu
gia ki nu'(')"c
va cac dac
dicMii
ky
ihual ciia
xi mang ki nuac Irong
vu'a,
be
long
dicing
trong cac cong
Irinh
\a\'
du'nu.
0
nu6c
ta
tir tmoc
tai nay co vai tac gia da nghien

cuu sir
dung phu gia ki
nuac vai cac muc
dich
khac nhau
nliu
phu gia
K3CS tir
cac loai
dfui
khoang,
dau
thao moc
nliam
cai
tieii tuili
chat cua xi mang [ 3,16,17 ]
. Tliay dirge
tarn quan trong va
tinh thofi sir
cung
nJiu"
muc
dich
cua van de neu tren.
Trong pham vi cua de tai
chiing
toi khac sat , nghien
ciiu^irng
dung

\oa\
phu
gia axit beo MDV vao xi
mang
pooclang
Biit
san
nh^m
dap
li'ng
yen
cdu
da
n§u
do.
PHAN A
Tong
quan
CHU()N(,
1: XI
MAN(J
POOCLANC;
1.1.
Khiii iiiciii
:
Xi mang la ten ggi
chimg ciia
mol
nhcim
hgp

chat
ket dfnh
v6
co\
cci kh;i
nang ngung ket, dong ran khi ket hap voi
nuov.
Xi mang pooc lang la san
pham nghien min
ciia
clinker
v('yi pini
gia thach
c lo
(3
-5%)
Clinker
o
dang hat
dirge
san
xiiai
bang
each
du vc nung cho den
kcl
khoi
o
I450"C/
hon hgi") chi'ra

da voi va
Alumosilicat (dai
set, xi lo cao )
rhacli
cao
c(i
tac dung
dieii chinh Ihoi
gian
ninli
ket cua xi mang .
tioiig
khi
nghien min de
dieii chinh Ifnh
chat va ha gia
thai
h nguoi ta cho
thcMii khoi'nig
L5'/
phu gia boat
linh
nhu"
Puzolan, Iro, (rcpcn. . khoang
0,1
-
0.5';^
pini
gia
tro"

nghien
uhir
axil beo,
mo"
dong \al,
dfui thirc \a(
va
10',^
phu gia
lio nhn
c;it.
thanh anh, da
\6i.
[ 7 | .
Xi mang
dirge
phat minh va san xua't
tir dfiii
the ky
19
tai Anh. do nhu'ng
uu
(hiMU
noi
bal nhu cuong i]o
cao. dong
liin nhanli ucu
xi mang pooc
l;tng
da

tio
thanh chat ket dfnh
cjiian
Irong nhal Irong \a\ dung
co'
ban.
1.2.
riuinli pliiin lioii
hoc
ciui
clinker xi
inaii^
| 9
Day la yen to
cpian
trong nhal de danh gia chat
I
rgng
clinkci.
Gom co
6 oxit
chinh:
1.2
.1
. CaO : chicm t(')'i 63 - 67
^;
va dugv
k\
hu u
la C.

CaO la oxit
cpian
Irong nhal dc' xi mang co chal
u'Ong
cao. CaO
ph;'ii
lien kcl
hcl Mvi
cac oxit
khac.iicii
hrgng CaO
tir
do con 1; i
a
dang
cpia lira
sc lam cho
da xi mang khong on dinh
the Ifch
ga\
tac hai cho \i
manu.
Liroin:
CaO
lu'n
kcl Ion lam xi mang co cuong do cao, dong
rfui
nhanh.
nhirng
khi dong ran

lai
loa
nhiet
nhi^u
nen kern ben hoa.
1.2.2.
SiO,
: chiem 21-24
'/r,
ky hien S
SiO,
lien
kel
voi CaO lao thanh khoang
Silicat
Cac khoang
na\
^'^'^ \ai
Iro
qnyel (hnh tci'i cii'o'ng
do
ciia
vua xi mang
doin
cii'ng.
Luong SiO,
lien
kcl
l(Vn,vl
vay xi mang co

cuo'ng
do
Ion
sau
2S nga)
dong ran cham.
vl
toa nhict
nh(i khi d(ing ran ncn ben boa
ho'n.
1.2 '^.
A1,0,
chicm 4 - 8
'/r
ky
hieii
A
AI,Ojien
kcl voi CaO va
Fe,()^
tao khoang Aluminat va Aluminoferit canxi,
lam cho xi mang co
cii'ong i]o
phal
Irie'n
h'lc
dilii
ao. sau
chani
dan. Ihoi

giim
dong ran nhanh,
nhiel
toa nhieu,
toe
do toa
nliiet
Ion.
do
i\n
khi dong ran
kcm ben
ho;i.
1.
2 .4 .
FcO,
chiem 2,5 - 3
'^,
ky hien F
Fe,()^
licMi
ket voi CaO tao thanh Feritcanxi 1
oac Alumoferit
canxi.
Ncii
hrgng
Fe,0,
hi'n,
nhiel do ket khoi
ciia jihoi

lieu
gi;'im,
do nlvi't pha long
nho
i.\c
tao khoang trong clinkci. Neu
Fe,0,
ciua h
n xi mang co
l\
Irong cao.
cunng
iAi^
Ihap,
dong ran cham, toa nhiel
lha|),
nhung ben hoa.
I.
:
.5 . MgO
tir
5 -6 %
Neu MuO
> 5 -
6'f
sc lam xi mang
khonu
on
dinh the lich
khi

donu
ran.
\i
no o
tinnu
dune
tlich lan thnv tinh Pci iclaz
(uion:-,
Ca()
lir do)
. 2 .6 .
KiOm
chicm 0.1 -
\'/<
. kv
hien KX)
Khi cho
kiein
van clinker
thl mot phfin
bay
di
va
mol ph;1n o
lai
tronu clinkci
(K.O
>
Na.O).
Day la thanh

ph:1n
khong mong
niuon \i
n('> lam
giani tto nhol
ciia
pha
long,
lam tang
dinh
bet va
lha>
doi lor do dong
lan
cua \i mang.
Kicm lac dnng voi SiO, lao
gel
silicat kicm. co
die licli Ion
ga\
mat on
dnih
the
lich,
khong ben
nii'6'c.
Ngoai ra con co cac oxit khac
nIniTiO,
-
Mn,()

.
!',()
nhung co anh huong
nho khong dang
kfi
toi xi mang
1.3.
riinnh
phan
khoang
cua
clinker
\i
niaiiji pooclang
| 4 |
I.
3.1.
Alit (
(\S
): chiem
4.'S
- 70%
\)C\\
la khoang
(juan Ining niiat
cua clinkci.
ix)
la dung
dicli
ran

ciia
."^C/aO.SiO,
CC)
lan
lAn .^
-
4'/r
cac oxit khac. Alit
(C.S)
lao
Ihanh a nhiel
do <
I2.^{)"C
.^C
+
s =
c,s
\'a
chi'i \cu
lao thanh khi co mat
|iha
h'mg.
N(') ben o nhiet do
I^^O'C
-
r)()()"C'.
Khi nhiel do nho hon
I2.^()"C Ihi
C,S
=

('
+
CS
Sir
bicn doi
na\
phu thuoc vao che
i.]o
lam
lanh
\
i
^u'
c(''
mat
c;'ic
hop chal hoa
lan
lioim
C".S.
Tinh
chat cua Alit trong xi mang:
- Cho \i mang c(') cuo'ng do cao nhal sau 2
<
ngay
-
Ihoi
gian dong ket nhanh. dong ran
nhai
h (sau

C,A)
- Foa nhiet nhieu khi dong ran
-
Khong ben Irong moi
tiiiong Siinfat
\. }
.2
. Belil
: chiem 20 -
.^0'/
(C,S) ?clil
la dung
dich
i;'ui
cu;i
2Ca().Si(),
CO
tan lan 1
-
3'Y
cac oxit
kh:ic.
C,S (2CaO.Si(),) co
nhicu
daiii:
thh
hinh:
(/C.S
,
f^C.S

, yC,S
nhirng chi
c6
da
ig (K\S
la
c6 tinh
chat kel
dinh.
dfi)
la dang
ngiroi
ta
lAt
mong muon co.
|iC,S
gia
b£Mi
Ion lai
a
t"
<
650"C.
\\C^S
kho
I6ng
hop
vi
khi lam lanh
i/CS

->
yCVS
va tang the
lich
10%
lam tang clinker,
yC^S
khong co
linh chA't
kel
dinh.
do vay can |)hai tao on dinh
(^C,S
qua cac
phiron:',
pha|i
sau:
- Hoa hoc linh Ihe: dua vao mol so
oxil
nhu"
N;
.O.
P,0,,
P>0.
lam Ihay doi
cau
In'ic
linh the, lam
Ihay
doi

tuih
chat ho;i ly
ci
a C,S.
-
Vai
ly: nang cao ham luong pha long
liong
clinker hoc chal
la\
(K'.S.
ngan can
sir chnyfen ihanh
yC^S.
- Nhiel:
lam
lanh nhanh vu'o'l qua nhiel
do
hien doi
thu hinh \'i
khi
do
c;ic
cA'u
hue
tao thanh rieng re khong kip
li)[i
ho|^
lai thanh dnng dich
r;ui

o
nhict
do cao
ncMi
khong kip
hich
ra.
Tinh
chat
ciia
Belit trong xi mang:
Lam cho xi mang
c()
cuong do
phiil tiien
cham nhung sau
2S
nga\
I hi
gan
bang
C\S.
- Thoi gian dong ket chain
-
To;'i
nhiel nho khi dong riin
- Ben trong moi
truong Sunfal
1.
3

.3 . Canxi
Alumina!
: chiem 5 - 15%
La dung dich
iTni
cua
C,A
(3C\i().
ALO,)
co
tan lAn
1 -
27rCaO
tuy theo
luong CaO.
C
\a che do lam lanh
clinkei
ma C; nxi Aluminat
c(i the
o dang
C^A,C\A,.
Trong clinker xi mang
chi'i yeii
la
C,A.
'•'
Tinh chal cua Canxi Aluminal:
- Lam cho xi mang
c(') cu'ong

do ph;il
tiicn nhai
h nhung sau do
h|
chain l<ii
va
khong
h,nig
C,S
- Thoi gian
dowz
kel nhanh nhal
- Toa nhiet nhieu khi dong
rfin
- Khong
ben
Irong moi
Irirong
Sunfal
1.
.3
.4 .
Celil
: chiem 10-18%
La dung dich
lAn ciia
C^AF
(4CaO.Aip,Fe,0;) ro
cac Ihanh
phAn

khac nhau
phu thuoc vao phoi lieu va
di^u
kien nung
luyen
C^A.F;
C,AF;
C,F
()
day
chii yeii
la
dAF
.
1
inh chat cua
C,AF
:
- Lam cho xi mang
c6
cuo'ng do
thaj")
nhal
- Thoi gian dong ket cham
- Toa nhiel khi dong ran Ihap
nhAl
- Ben trong moi
Iruong
Sunfat ho'n C,A
I.

.^
.5 . Pha
thiiy
tinh trong clinker :
Do
C^A,
CjAF,
C,F
(V
nhiel do cao
-^
hoa King -
>
lam lanh
~>
lao
thiiy
tinh.
Pha
Ihuy
linh co
lAn
MgO va cac tap
chA't
khac
do
do tuy che do lam
kuih
ma
|iha

Ihuy linh nhieu hay
fl.
Neu
phix thiiy
linh nh
eii
thl khi xi mang dong ran
se toa nhict nhieu.
1.4.
Qua triiili liidrat
hoa cua \i
nian^
| 2 |
Khi hoa Iron xi
m;uig
\o'i
lurtVc.
sir khiiech
tan cu \ cac
h;it
kho;uig
xi mang co
kich
Ihiioc
nh(i \ao moi Iruong
uu'oc
\l\
phan
ihm
hidral hoa cua chiing

dicn
ra
t!ii'(yc
lien.
Dong thoi
iiiroc lAii
cong
len
be mat cua cac hat khoang va
phan
ihig
cua hidral cung xay ra tren be mat
cac
hat khoang nay. Sau do
niitV Iham tian
\ao cac hat xi mang
h'vn,
c|ii;i
liui i thiiy ho;i \An
ticp
line
dicn
ra.
Tlurc Ic
cho
Ihay
tham
chi
sau 4 nam \an con
15'r

C,S
chna iham
LLKI
phan
I'rng.
vi the cac hat xi mang va eac
phirong ihap xii ly
b^
mat cua
mi
co
y
ngliTa
rAi \on doi \ri\ toe do qua
tilnh
hidral ho; .
1.4.
1.
Phi'ui irng
hidral hoa
ciia
khoang Alit:
Alit lac dung voi
niroc
ngay
a
Ihoi diem nhao Iron xi mang
\o\
niroc.
san

phAm tao thanh la gel-
hidrosilical
\a
Ca(OH).
2(3CaO.Si()0 + 6H/) ->
3CaO.
2SiO,.3F ,0 +
3Ca(OH),
Muc do
Ihuy
hoa
ciia
Alit phu thuoc vao ly le
N/K,
lirang CaO co trong dung
dich va nhiel do moi Iruong
ihi
cong. Cac hidros
lieat
du'oc tach ra
diro'i
dang
soi gan
gioiig cA'ii
true deo
tobermoiit
In"
nhien,
n^oai
ra con c(i can

tn'ic
dang
ong, dang
lAm,
dang linh
the hinh
kim
vcVi
c; c
kich IhiKic
khac nhau.
sir
phAn bo khac nhau. Chinh nhu'ng hidrosilical
nav
lao nen cu'ong do d;i cho xi
mang.
1.4.2.
Ph;'ui
ung hidral hoa cha khoang Belit
Khoang nay co
16c
do
Ihuy
hoa chAm va tach ra
it
Ca(()H).
hon so \'(vi
C\S
Neu khi Ihi cong ly le N/X
IhAj-)

Ihl
sir
hidral hoa khoang nay khong
co
Ca(()H),
lAch
ra. Khi ly le N/X qua cao va qua irlnh nhao Iron manh thl co
xay ra phan
ii'ng
:
C
.S + nH.O -^
2Ca(OH),
-f
SiO,
(n
-
2'H,()
loan bo c|u;i Irlnh duoc
bieii
dien qua
so'do
sau:
C,S^C,SH
->CSH
Iheo lien
la
ihAy
C,S la mot khoang quan trong
Iiong

xi mang. No
quyc;'l diiih
den cuo'ng do
ciia
da xi mang, hon
nfra
lai
rAl it i
Ay ;inh
hirong
phu khong
c(')
loi.
8
Ban chn't kei dfnh
ciia
Canxi Silicat la do dac Ifnh
cAii line
mang tinh the cua
cac pha boat
tinh
hydrat,
tire
la
sir
co mat
ciia tac
khoi
In"
dien

SiO^
trong
cac khoang cha clinker.
Trong cac khoang
C^S,
C\S
sir
cAn bAng hoa
tii c
ua cac anion O
chi
la
hinh
thifc.
Tliirc le
cac anion nay
chira
duoc bao hoa
aoa
tri boi cac cation
H' lAn
cong vao can
line
lam thay doi
Irang
thai cAn bang hoa tri. Kel qua la mot so
ion
Ca'*
hi
lha\

the b(Vi ion
H*. () tiang
thai cAn bang cAu
Inic
cua
clinkci
(tu'o'c
sAp
xe|i
lai. cac linh Ihe dang soi, dang
onz
diroc hinh
thanh tao ncn
linh
ket dfnh dong ran
ciia
xi mAng, cac ion
Ca'
hi dAy ra lao nen
Ca(()H),.
1.
4 .3.
ilii'ui ling
hydrat hoa
ciia
khoang tricanxi aluminal
Kho.'ing C,A la pha
hoal
dong
iihAi.

ngay khi Iron xi mang
vcVi luKrc cluing
dr
dang phan ung tao
Ihanh
linh
thd 1A|)
phuong
C\A
H,,.
3CaO.AI>0,+ 6HX) = 3Ca().Al,( ',. 6H,0
De lam cham qua Irlnh ninh ket. khi
nghiCn cliiuer cAii
cho
them
mot luong
d;i thach cao (3
- 5V<
) CaSO, d(')ng vai tro la ch
il
hoal dong ho;i hoc cua \i
mang n('> t;ic dung voi khoang
C,A
dt^
lao thanh
c
Itringit .
3C^i{).ALO.+ 3(CaS(),.2H,0) +26H,0 =
3Ca'
).AL(),.3CaS(),.32H

,0
Irong dung dich bao hoa
Ca(OH)^
ngay
tir dAii
ellringit se tach ra va dong
lai
tren
be mAl
3CaO.ALO,
lam chAm
sir thiiy
hoa cua khoang nay va keo
dai
thoi
uiaii
ninh ket cua xi
m;uiii.
1.4.4.
Phan ling
h\tlial
hoa cua
kho;ing tetiacanxi
fcroaluminat.
Khoang
na\
thnc
hien
|)han ung hydrat boa chAn hon.
loc

do
hithal
ho;!
cuiiu
phu thuoc \ao loc do Ihi cong. ham luong Ca(OH), Irong dung
dich.
Iv
le
N/X
sAn
phAm
cd
the"
la
C\(A.F)fL
hay dang
kliAc,
song
hion cd
xu
hiKing
chuxCai
thanh dang ben vung
C,(A.F)H„
4Ca().Al,(),.Fe,0,+ l2H,0^3CaO.AI,(),.6H,()+Ca().Fc,() 6H()
Hydro
fciit iiAm
lai
Irong
thanh

|->h;1n
cua xi
mami.
con h\dro Aluminal sc
l;i
dung voi
Ihach
cao
nhir (V
tien.
1.
5. Cac he so
co
ban
ciia
clinker xi
niiing pooclang
| 9 |
I
.
5
.1.
He
so
bao hoa voi LSF :
00
.CaO
LSF
=
2.x

.
SiO, + LIS
AI,(),
+ 0,65 Fc,()
93 __. 9s ';
LSF hicu hien long
luxrng
CaO
cAn Ihict
(.]r
bao hao hoan loan
c:\v
oxil
kh;ic chi'i
NCU
la can co du luong CaO dc
lien
kcl hoan loan cac oxit
SiO,,
A1,0,,
Fe^O,.
Mai
khac
jihai tianh lluia
CaO
tU
do gay
h;ii
cho xi
mang |

9
LSF va SM lang se lam cho luong voi tu
do
lani'
len. LSF co anh
hu'ong
den kha nang nung
ciia
clinkei.
'VII
1.
S
. 2.
Modun
Silic SM:
SN
Thuoim
la
1.7
-
2.6'/r
SiO,
.
I0(
Al/),
+
Fe,0,
=
1.7
—

2 .6
'A
0
Sir lAng
SM lam giam kha nang nung cua clinke do
sir
giam ham luong pha
long va giam xu
hirdng hinh
thanh lop cola trong
Id.
sir
tAng SM cung dAn loi
sird()ng
ran va
ciro'ng
do xi mang khong dong
nliAt
phat trien cham.
Sir giam
SM cung
(lAn
den pha long
tang,
dieu nay
c;;i
thien kha
iiAiig
nung cua
clinker va

hinh
thanh lop cola Irong
16.
1.
5.
3
. Mo dun nhom AM :
AI.O,.
100
AM =
=
1,5
— 2,9
%
Fe.O,
riurong
la 1,5
-
1,9%
AM l(Vn
c<) nghia
la
C^A
ld"n,
xi mAng co xu
hircvi
g dong ran nhanh, AM nho
luc la C,AF
UVn
xi mAng dong ran cham \'a

liro'n<:
nhiel
toii
ra
thA|i.
1.6.
Qua trinli
san
xiiat
\i
mang poocaiig
Qii;i (luih
san
xuAt
xi mAng pooelAng
dirac thir(
hien qua nhieu cong
doiui
nen lieu \o\\ nhieu nAng hro'ng. Sau dAy la
so"
do mot dAy chuycn san
xuAt
xi
mAng pooclang lai nha may san xuAt xi mang.
Da voi
May dap
Kfio
dong
ninat
so bo

Ket
chUa
Dal set
May can
Phu gia
May dap
Xisat
Kho dong nhat
sd
1^6
Ket
chCra
Kel chua
Kel
chCra
•
•
•
•
Dinh
iL/dng
1
Dinh
iL/dng
Dinh
li/Ong
Dinh
li/dng
Than
Nghien.

say than
Thach cao
I
Dau
Ham.
say dau
i
May nghien. say
I
Thiet bj dong
nhSt
Lo nung
clinl<er
Thiet bi lam lanh clinker
May dap clinker
lay dap
Phu gia
May nghien
Si
16
chCra.
u clinker
Si
16 chQa
xi
mSng
^ ^
Xuat xi
mSng rdi
w

p
May dong bao
'^
r
Xual xi
m^ng
bao
Huih
1.
So'
do cong nghe san xuA't xi mang.
1.
7
. Nghien
xi
mans
pooclang
Thirong ngirai
ta nghien clinker
vai
cac loai phu
da
i^liu:
1.7.1.
Thach cao
Trong san xuat xi mang
viee dira
them thach cao vao thanh phAn xi mAng la
bAt
biioc.

diing
de
d\iu
chinh
thd'i
gian dong
rAii ciia
xi mAng.
LiVo'ng
thach
cao
dira
vao phu thuoc vao ham luong
C,A,
[ hii
thuoc vao do min, ham
hrong
kicMn
cua clinker, vao muc do ket khoi cua clinker. Luong thach cao
dua vao lot
iihAt
khoang
2^5
%.
1.7.2.
Cac loai phu gia khac :
I
huong chiem
kho;ing
<

15%
de ci'ii
thien
tinh
chAt xi mAng va tAng luong xi
mang.
Muc
dich
cua
cpia liuih
nghien la dal
diroc
\i nAng
c('>
do min
ticii chiiiin
3200 blaine hoac lot
cjua
sang 4900
16 \'a lianh
cac bien doi hoa hoc lam
gi.'im
chat hrong xi mang, giam toi da
tieii
hao
n'uig
luong nghien (trong c;ic
nha may xi mAng nang lirang
tieii Ihu
cho cac qua

tiuih
nghien
Ihu'dng
chicm
t(Vi
40^^
) ncn phai ap dung cong nghe nghien
thfc
h
ho'|')
de
gi;'im
gia thanh san
|)hAin
.
1.7.3
-Cac
yen
id licMi
quan den qua
tilnh nghic'i
:
a. Do min :
\'iec
nghien clinker thanh hot
mii
duoc
thiic
hien trong may
nghien bi. do min phai dal duoc

kJKKing
280 ) - 3200 cm 7g hoAc lot
cpia
sang loai 4900
16.
Nhu"
vay clinker duoc nghicn
tiVi
luc luong con lai
lien
sang la khoang
10 ^
15%.
Neu xi mAng
diio'c
nghien min
cpia
cung
khouL'
tot
\'l
\i mAng se bi co nhieu va ton nang
\\\'<
ng nghien. cu'ong
di)
cua \i
mAng tang khong ty le voi do
mm.
13
b.

Kha nang nghien cua
vat Heu
: neu clinker cc-
lironig QS
cao va LSF
thA'p
se
ra't
kho nghien. Ngoai ra cac yeu to
v6 kich
ea tinh
th6,
toe do lam
nguoi sau nung,
c6
hat clinker, che do u
bro
quan clinker se co anh
hirang nhieu
d6'n
kha nang
nghidn
cua clinker.
c. Phirang phap
nghicn (kin
- ha), loai may nghien :
May
nghi6n
ha
(nghi6n

thang)
thucmg
tieu ton nang luong
nghidn
lan va
khi nghi6n min hay gap phai
vAn
de bam
dinli,
von
k6't
kho cua cac
locii
xi
mang
tr6n b6
mat
vAt
nghidn,
can tro qua
trinh
nghien
.Nen
cac nha may
lorn khong diing may
nghidn
ho ma
ding
may
nghi6n

chu trinh km , tiet
ki6m
10%
nang
Ivrong nghicn
, giam
bot
cac
vA'n
de vi von ket kh6. Loai
may nghien
thucrng diing
hien nay la may nghien bi chu trinh km. Vat
lieu diroc giam
kich thirdfc
do
sir
va
dAp,
sir
cha sat
gifra
vAt
nghidn
va vat
lieu, hat min diroc hut ra
truo'c
mot
phAn
boi quat gio. Luang vat lieu ra

khoi may nghien duoc tach ra, phan ly, hat
thi)
tro lai may
nghidn
ti6'p.V6i
cong nghe hien dai nguoi ta ket hop may nghien bi va may dap
so bo
nhAm
mue
dich
giam tieu ton nang
luong
nghicn.
May
nghidn
bi
thuong
duoc ehia
thanli
cac ngan rieng voi ty le, loai bi
dirge tinli
toan
cho phu
hgp v6i
tung ngan.
d ) Cac chat trg
nghidn
: La chat dua vao lam tang kha nang
nghi6n
bAng

each
ngan can
sir
tao lop bam dmh tren
b6 mit
vat
nghi6n
hoac lam phan
tan vat lieu
nghicn
, hoac cai thien
tinh
chat cua xi mang ma khong gAy
anh huong xAu toi
tinh
chat cua xi mang. Chat trg nghien
can
de dat hieu
qua tot chiem khoang 0,1
^
0,5%
(tire
0,1
^
0,5 kg/ tan xi mang ) co the
tai)g
nang suat nghien
tir
10
~

20%. Tuy
hiei
qua kinh te ma nguoi ta su
dung chat trg nghien nhu the nao. Cac chat
tig
nghien thuong dung trong
nghien xi mang la Amin
acetat,
ethylenglyeol,
Hea2,
DDA-7.
14
1.8. Cac
tinh
chat
ca \y
hoa cua da xi mang va cac
yen
to
anh huiVng t('yi
no
1.
X
. 1.
Do
min :
Nhu tren da noi do min the hien
miTc
do nho c
la

cac hat xi mAng, do
mui
cang nho toe do Hydrat hoa cang tang do dien
tich be mal
cua hat
khining
tang, do do
sir
tiep
xilc
voi
nirdc
cang Ion, lam
^ho sir
kel tinh pha ran moi
d6ng
dCni
va de dang hon. Tuy nhien do min qua nho se lam loc do
hydial
hoa dicn ra nhanh lam anh hirong nhieu den
tinh chAI
co'
ly cua xi mAng.
Vi
do mill nho se cAn rAl
it nu6c nen
be tong se
hi
co venh nhieu, do min nho
cung lam ton hao nang lugng nghien.

1.
X . 2. Ty le
niioc/
xi mAng (N/X)
Ty le N/X la lugng
luioc
tieu
chiiAin
nhal dinh cAn
Ihiet
cho mot lugng xi
mang dcm dung de
c()
du do
deo
cAn cho Ihi co
ig,
tir
do nguoi la
tlm
duoc
ty le nirdc/ xi mang toi
Ihieii
thuong la
tir
25
^
3(
'/<•
theo trong hrong xi mang

I
1
I |. Hon nfra hrong nirdc lieu
chuAii
cung phu thuoc vao do min cua \i
mang. Do min cang Ion Ihl ly le N/X cang nho. Lugng N/X cung phu thuoc
\'ho
thanh phAn khoang cua clinker. Xi mang co ihanh phAn
C\S
Ion Ihi
luong
nii'cVc
tieu
chu
An
Ion.
1.8.3.
riidi
gian ninh ket
Khi
Iron
\i mAng
\'(Vi niioc
se xay ra
jihan
ung
Ihuy
hoa cua cac
khoi'uig liong
xi mAng. \

ii'a
t;io
thanh Iheo thoi gian sc mAl ('An
tinh
deo sau do \\o ncn
ciVng
ran \a
co
the chiu
lire
dirge.
Ngirdi
ta
|4iAi hiet
hai loai thoi gian ninh
kcl :
\5
- Thai gian
bAI dfiu
ninh kel : la thoi gian
tir
khi bAt
dfiii
Iron
nude
cho
den
khi vua mat
tinh
deo.

- Thai gian ket
thilc
ninh ket : la thai gian
tii
khi
Iron nude
den khi \ua
cirng
lai va cd the chiu
lire
dirge.
Trong Ihi cong,
chi
tieu nay phai
iiAm
ro vl tAt ea cac
khAii
\'An chuyen, do
va dAm be t6ng phai tien hanh xong
tiudc
khi xi mAng bAt dfiu dong
dAc,
do
do xi mAng phai cd thai gian ninh ket
du
dai
chi
cac
thac^
tac nay duoc hoan

lAl.
Theo TCVN cung
nhir
tieu
chiiAn
the gidi
'hi
thoi gian ninh kcl cua \i
mang duoc xac dinh
lir
ho deo tieu chuAn
banu
dung
cii
vica voi kim
c(')
duo'ng
kfnh
Imin.
Thni
gian bAt dAn ninh ket la khoang thoi gian
In"
khi bal
(lAu
nhao Iron xi mAng vdi nirdc
d^n
khi kim
vi^a
cAm
sAii

3S - 39mm, yeu
cAu thoi gian nay khong nho
ho^n
45 phut.
Thoi gian ninh
kei
xong hay bAI
dAii lAn
chAc la khoang Ihoi gian
tir
khi nhao
Iron xi mAng vdi nude
d€n
khi kim vica cAm s
Ui
I - 2mm. Thoi gian nay
khoang
104^12
gid
L 4 ]
.
1.
X
. 4.
Ciidng
do va mac cua xi mAng :
Theo
TCVN 140 - 64
fl 1]
mac cua xi mAng dngc xac dinh theo cuong do

chiu
lion
cua 3 mAu
vfra
xi mang
hinh
dAm cd
kk
h
thirdc
la 4 x 4 x
16cm
chc
tao
trrh6n
hop 1 xi mAng : 3 cat va hrgng
nude ti-Hi chiiAn
(xac dinh bAng ban
tian)
diiong
he 2X ngay trong dieu kicn lieu
chi
An mot ngay trong khu6n
o
ngoai kh6ng
khi
Am va 27 ngay sau ngAm trong
uidc
d nhiet do phong. Tinh
tiung

blnh theo
cirdng
do chiu udn cua 6
niVa
mAu dem do
.Thuong
cuong do
cua xi mAng phat trien khong dong deu, trong 3 ngay dAu cd the dat duoc 40
-
50 % mac xi mAng . den 7 ngay thl dat duoc ( 0 - 70%. Trong
nhiuig
nga\
sau
16c
do chAm dAn den 2X ngay moi dal
diKvc
mac yen
cAii.
'Tu\
nhien
liong
nhuim
dieu kien
ihiiAn
loi thl
sir
ran chAc cua be
lonn co the
kco
dai

16
hang nam va
vum
gap 2 - 3 lan
ctrang
do 28 ngay cua no va lang
ihco quy
lual
logaril.
Cirrmg
do cua da xi mang va loc do
ciing rSn ciia
no phu
Ihuoc
vao ihanh
phan khoang
clinker,
vao do min cua xi mang, do am.
nhiel
do moi Iruong va
Iht^i
gian bao quan cua xi mang.
Toe
do phal
Irien eu5ng
do cua cac khoang
li'ong
xi mang ral
kliac
nhau

(dudc liinh
bay
6 hinh
2).
ouu
450
300
150
1/
t
/^
^
z
^y
I
y^
{
n
f
i
-
'
^
1
/
/
4v
0 7 28 90 180 360 (ngay)
Hinh 2 :
Sic

tang
cudng dp
cua cac khoang xi mang
1 -
C,S
; 2 -
CyiF
;
S-C^S
; 4-
C,A
Jvi
day la
ihay
C^S
co do lang cuong do nhanh nhal , sau 7 ngay no dal den
70%^
cudng do,
28
ngay sau do
ihl
cham lai. Con doi vdi
C^S
chi Irong
ihdi
ky dau (khi dal den
28
ngay
ludi) ihl C2S
co loc do phal Iricn cUOng do lai ral

cham
chi
dal khoang
L5%
cudng do cua
C^S.
Tlidi
ky sau loc do nay lang len
duoi kip va cd
ihe vuoi
ea
cudng
do cua
C^S.
Con
C^A
ban
ihan
no
c(')
cudng
do
ihap
nhung lai phal Irien ral nhanh
d ihd'i
ky dau . D() mm cua xi mang
17
TRUflGTAM^UUG_T^N,T>IirVlENi
tang thl
cucmg

do cua no cung tang do \6n
tmiig
blnh cua
hcit
xi mang la
40)im,
sau 6 - 12 thang
rdn
chdc,
chieu day thuy hoa
kliong
vugt qua 10 —
15).im
. Nhu vay se co khoang 30 - 40% clinker khong tham gia vao qua trinh
ran chac va
hinh
thanh
ca'u
tnic cua da. Tang do min
ciia
xi mang cd nghTa la
tang muc do thuy hoa xi mang va nang cao
cUong
do cua no. Theo ket qua
thu dugc thl
cir
tang do min cua xi mang len lOOOcmVg thl cuong do cua no
tang
len
20-25%.

Do
am
va nhiet do moi trudng cung co anh hirong den qua trinh ran chac
cua da xi mang.
VI
giai doan dau cua qua trinh
idn
chac la thuy hoa.
De
tao
m6i truong Am, trong
thirc te
da dung nhung phuong phap khac nhau
nhu
tudi
be tong,
phii
mun cua, cat
^m
roi
tudi
nude hang ngay
T6c
do
cua cac phan ung gifra cac khoang clinker vdi nude tAng len cung vdi
sir
tang nhiet do. Qua trinh ran chac cua xi
man^
cd the dien ra d mot vung
nhiet do rong : d nhiet do blnh thuong la 15 - 20%C,

chuiig
hoi (80 -
90"C),
gia cong oetola
(170 - 200''C)
va tham
chi
ca
6 nhiiet
do am. Trong octola chi
sau 4-6 gid la be tong cd the dat dirge cuong do mac ,c6n khi chung hoi thl
cham hon den 2 lan.
De
be tong xi mang cd
the ran
chac d nhiet do Am.
thirdng
phai
sir
dung cac chat dien ly nhu
CaCl2 , NaCI
.
KJii
do
ndng
do cac
chat tan trong nude tang len va
nliiel
do dong bang cua
mx6c

giam xudng.
Viee bao quan xi mang trong mot thai gian dai mac du d dieu kien tot nhat
cung lam cho
cuoiig
do cua no giam di, sau 3 thang giam 20%, sau
12 ihang
giam 40%, do min cua xi mang cang lan thl do giam
cudng
do cang nhieu.
Sau day la bang tieu
chuAn
mac cua cac mac xi mAng theo
TCVN
2682-92
[15 ] .
18
Bang 1 : TCVN 2682 - 92
srr
1
2
3
4
Cac chi tieu
Gioi
ban ben nen
N/mm
Sau 3 ngay
Sau 28 ngay
Do mill :
Luong sot tren san

().()8mm%
- Tong dien
li'ch ht
mal
ciii7g
Thoi gian ninh ket
- Rat
driu
khong
so'm
hon
(phut)
- Ket thuc khong
cliani
hon (gio)
Do
on dinh
Ihe
Ifch (Iheo
phuong phap
salahe) mm
Luo'ng mat khi
nung( %)
Quy dinh
PC - 30
16
30
L5
2.500
45

10
10
5.0
doi
\oi xi
F'C
- 40
21
40
L5
2.500
45
10
10
5.0
mang mac
I'C
- 50
30
50
\5
2.500
*
45
10
10
5.0
1.
8
.5. Su loa nhiet khi dong

i;in
:
Luong
nhiCM
loa
in
khi
d(Mig lAn
phu thuoc vao Ihanh
phfin
khoang vat. do
nun cua \i mang va ham
Uioiig
thach cao. Luong nhiet phat
la c(')
loi cho
viee
llu
cong be long vao mua lanh hoac
mudn
ch( he long
ifm
nhanh. nhung
khong
CO
loi khi thi cong vao mua nong. Dac
bi t
doi vai cong
tnnli
co

khoi
luong Ion
(Vi
nhiet
(\o
Irong
Imig
khoi he long
co
the len loi
40C)
do
d<',
doi
19
vdi nhung cong trinh nay mot mat ngudi ta
piiai
chu y
deii
ky
thuAt
thi cong.
*
mat khac neu
cAn
thiet phai dung loai xi mang
cd
it thanh phfin khoang
gA\
toa nhiet Ion.

Bang 2 :
Lifong
nhiet tod ra theo ngay tuoi cua cac khoang xi
mang
Khoang
vm
CaOSiO,
2Ca()SiO,
3Ca()Al,0,
4CaOAl/),Fe,(),
Lugng
3 ngay
97
13
141
42
nhiet phat
7 ngay
110
25
158
60
ra
(cai
/
2^
ngay
1 16
'40
209

90
cam) sau
3 Ihang
124
47
221
99
Ihoi cian
6 thane
13^
^5
224
224
I.
S
. 6 . Do 6n dinh the tfch
Khi xi mang
lAn
chac the tich cua nd
Ihudng
tha / doi. Dieu dd chu yen la do
SU"
tiao
doi nirdc giua ho xi mang va moi
tru'dng (nude tir
do va
nude
Irong
cac gel). Th6ng thudng
neii

rAn chAc trong
khons;
khi thl xi mAng bi co. con
Irong moi trudng nude thl khong bi co hoAc nd n
61 chiit
. Su' thay doi the tich
Ihudng gay ra nhung hien
tuong
cd hai
nhu"
sinli
ra ung
siiAl
gAy mil ne
kei
cAu. Nguyen nhAn chinh gAy ra hien tuong nay
la
xi mang
chiia
nhung tap
chAI CO
hai gAy ra
sir
thay d6i the tich
Idn nhir
CaO; MgO.
I - S
.7. \)o giam mac luc
lirii
kho bao quan

Xi mang khi bao quan Inn
klio
lAu.
nliAt
la
tn
ng dien kien
thcvi lict
nAng
nong Am
tliAp Ihnong
xiiyen,
se dAn tdi bi
hiit
An lam xay ra
cjna
trinh hydral
hoa va
cacb(-)nat
hoa, tao thanh
ld|i
mang
tren be
mAl hat xi mang. Ncn dc
lAu,
dAn dAn se hi \6n
cue dcnig
ran chAc lam c
lo
hoal

linh ciia
xi
m;ing
bi
giam di kha nhanh.
Sir
giam boat tinh cua xi mang dAn \o\
Ihoi
gian dong kcl
20
ch;)m,
cuong do cua xi mang vl the cung giam
nl
i6u
toi
30'/r
neu de lan 3 - 6
Ihring.
Hoat tfnh cua xi mang giam la do thanh phAn khoang C,A \a C,AF nhieu. do
min cua xi mang cang
Ic'rn
thl
sir
hut Am cang nh; nh dAn
uVi
hoat tfnh gi;im.
Do giam hoat tfnh cua xi mang
hie
luu kho hao quan thuong
xa\

la
hoi
co
chc
li6n
hydrat hoa va cachonat hoa :
Ca(()H)^
+
C();
->
CaC'(),
+
H,()
CaS(),.2H;()
+
C,A
+
9H,()
->
C,A.CaSO,.
I
1
H,()
VA CaO +
up ->
(a(()H),
K,S(), +
CaS(),.2H,0
^
K,Ca(SO),.3H,()

C,A
+
CaS(),.2H,0
+16H,0
^
C,A.3CaS(),.32M,()
2C,S
+
6H,()
->
C,S,H,
+
Ca(()H),,
DAy la cac phan i'rng khong mong muon
:;ay
ra
truoc
khi
hAt
dAu qua
tiinh
hydrat ho;i
ihuc
su
ciia
he long.
I. y .
CJIC
loiii phu gia tr(> nghien xi mm g
f

v.e
cai
Phu gia la ten goi cua cac hop chA't
hcva
hoc
duTVC
them vao xi mang de
thien
Ifnh
nang cua he tong. Phu gia co
nhidu
I
)ai khac nhau, co
the
l;i
tro
ha\
hoal tfnh.
c(')
Ihe o dang dung dich hay
a
ding
rAn. Cac chat Iro nghien
duoc
dira
\ao lam tang kha nAng nghien hang
c:
ch ngAn can su tao
Ic'vp
h.ini

dinh
lien
he mat \At
nghi6n
hoac lam phAn tan \ at
nghicn,
hoAc cai lien
liiili
tlral
cua
\i
mang
21
Lirong chAI tro
nghidn
de'
dat hieu qua tot khi
dira
vao nghien
vc'ii clinkei
thirang a
khoang
0,1
-
0,5%
lugng
xi mang da c6 the tang nAng suAt nghien
lir
l()-20'/r.
Cac loai phu gia thuong

dudc dira
vao trg nghien la :
1.9.
1. Tro
xi
:
Gom C, S. A, F chiem
95
-
96%
chinh la cac khoang Irong clinker chua hao
hoa voi CaO : 30 - 35%. LUong CaO nhieu thl
\'\
eo hoat tfnh cao. Thuong
SiO,
lir 2S -
38%.
neu
hrgng SiO, > 38% thl lam
^iam
hoat tfnh cua
xi.
Khi xi lac dung voi
nudc
Ihl no khong the hien
loal
tfnh, nhung khi co chat
kfch
Ihfch
thl xi the hien hoal tfnh. ChAI kfch

thf-h (V
dAy la
Ca(()H)^,
sunfat.
si1a
voi khi ket hgp
v6i nirdfc
thl se tao ra
lofp
m
ing tren
he mAl xi. chAI kfch
Ihich
se
|)ha
vo
l(y|i
mang lam cho
xi
hoc 16
ho.it
tfnh
nhu'
kho;ing
clinkci
Ngufri
la dua xi vao nguyen lieu hoac lam p
iii
gia dua \ao khi nghicn
clinker.

Neu
liiong
xi dua vao khi nghien clinker <
\5^/f
xi mAng Ihl goi la xi mAng
pooclang Ihudng. Con
neu lucrng
xi
dira
vao > I
^%
hrong xi mAng Ihl goi la
xi mAng xi.
Yen
cAu clinker cd ham lirang
C\S
va
C\A
\on vl
xi cfin
chat
kich
Ihich va
ddng ran cham. Ham luong voi tu do cd the tdi
5
-
6%
vl :
CaO-hH,O^Ca(()H),
Xi mAng xi cd

Irong
luong rieng, do co ngdt. do
'oa
nhiet, do
hcu
lanh va
gi;l
Ihanh nho hon so
\'di
xi mAng thirdng nhung luong
IUKVC
lieu
chiiAn
va su
chui
nhiet cao hon \i mAng Ihudng.
1.
*).
2. Phu gia
Pu/olan:
I'll/Allan
khong cd kha nAng ddng rAn nhung la
e
hat kfch
ihich d()ng
ran giai
doan 2 va duoc danh gia bAng do hut
\'6i
:
can;:

hul
nhieu voi
ihi
IKKU
tinh
cua
Pu/olan
cam:
h'ln.
")"»