Report Forest (Báo Cáo Thực Tập Rừng)
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FOREST GROWTH AND REGENARATION SURVEY AT LUOT
MOUNTAIN AND CUC PHUONG NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM
Bz 120_ Natural resources Ecology and Measurement.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction.
2. Methodology.
3. Results.
3.1. Plantation in Luot mountain.
3.1.1 Plot location, maps… (GIS and RS).
3.1.2 Data analysis results.
3.1.2.1 Generate diameter and height frequency distributions.
3.1.2.2 Descriptive statistics for diameter and height variables.
3.1.2.3 Compare tree growth between 2 plots.
3.1.2.4 Regression between DBH and height the best regression
function and regression levels.
3.1.2.5 Stand density, stand volume and basal area per plot and per
hectare.
3.1.2.6 Biomass and carbon stocks per plot and per hectare.
3.2. Natural forest in Cuc Phuong national park.
3.2.1 Plot location, maps… (GIS and RS).
3.2.2 Data analysis results.
Require similar to plantation in Luot mountain.
4. Conclusion and recommendation.
5. Reference lists.
1. Introduction.
1.1 Objectives:
Forest growth and regeneration play an important role in developing and managing
forest. So that we can:
- Understand more about natural forest and natural forest and know how to set plot
to investigate growth of trees. Moreover, we also learnt about species identify,
habitat, location and population size.
- Practice some measurement tools such as: caliper, blume leiss … and using GPS
to mark point.
1.2 General information about Luot Mountain and Cuc Phuong
national park.
1.2.1 . Natural conditions of Cuc Phuong National Park:
a) Geographic location
Cúc Phương National Park is located in Ninh Bình Province, in Vietnam’s Red River Delta. Cuc
Phuong was Vietnam's first national park and is the country's largest nature
reserve. . It lies between 20º14’N and 20 º24N latitudes and between 105º29’ E to
105º44’ E longitudes. The park covers about 222 sq km, Ninh Binh( 11350 ha),
Hoa Binh( 5850ha), and Thanh Hoa Province( 5000ha).
b) Terrain
Cúc Phương is situated in the foothills of the northern Annamite Range. The park
consists of verdant karst mountains and lush valleys. Elevation varies from 150
meters (500 feet) to 656 m (2,152 feet) at the summit of May Bac Mountain, or
Silver Cloud Mountain. The limestone mountains house numerous caves, many of
which are accessible for exploration.
c) History:
In 1960 Cuc Phương was made into a forest reserve and in 1962 Cuc Phương
National Park was consecrated by President Ho Chi Minh. Human habitation in
Cuc Phương dates back long before the park’s creation, 7,000-12,000 years ago.
Artifacts from that time have been found in numerous caves within the park,
including human graves, stone axes, pointed bone spears, oyster shell knives, and
tools for grinding. In 1789 the Quen Voi section of the park was the site of a major
battle in the civil war between Nguyễn Huệ and Thăng Long. More recently,
conflicts have emerged between the government and 2,500 Muong ethnic minority
tribesmen who live, farm, and hunt in the park. In 1987, 500 Muong were relocated
outside of the park because of issues over poaching and land use.
d) Climate conditions:
The average temperature in Cúc Phương is 21 Celsius (70 Fahrenheit), with a mean
winter temperature of 9C (48F). High temperatures can reach above 30C (85 F)
and lows are just above zero (32 F). At the low elevations in the valley the
temperature is hot and humid while at higher elevations the temperature drops
and frostbite is a threat. On average it rains more than 200 days a year and the
average annual rainfall is 2,100mm (7 feet). The dry season is November to
February, the driest months being December and January.
1.2.2: Natural conditions of Luot Mountain:
a) Geographic location:
- Luot mountain is located the north-west of Hanoi city, at the campus of Vietnam
Forestry University
- Geographic coordinates:
+ 20
o
54’43” North Longitude
+ 105
o
34’11” West Latitude
- Its eastern side border on national road No.21A.
-Its western and northern side border on Luong Son district and Chuong My
district.
b) Terrain:
The slope direction from South to North:
- The average slope of Luot mountain is 15 degree
- Less divided, it contains 2 hill (the one has height: 133m, the another is
76m) contexture and ranges about 2 km in the direction from East to West.
c) Climate conditions:
Luot Mountain is in the humid tropical region so it has 2 clear season:
+ Rain season : from April to October
+ Dry season : from November to March of next year
* Rainfall:
- Rainfall : 1753mm/year
- Average rainfall :146mm
- Rainfall is unevenly distributed. The highest month (July-August) is
312mm, the lowest is 15mm.
* Temperature:
- Average temperature during the year is 23,2
o
C
- Average temperature in the hottest month (July-August) is 28,5
o
C and the
coldest month (January) is <20
o
C
d) SOIL CONDITIONS:
In overall, the soil has tight structure, especially the top soil in foothills and
deep layers in the peak.
- The soil is mostly ferralitic soil developed on typical foocfiarize parent
rock, therefore the soil in this region is yellow and brown-yellow. The soil layer
is pretty thick, this thick soil concentrate mostly in foothills and the southwest
hillside of the high hill.
- Erosion process is not strong, the soil has granular structure, the humus level
is around 2 to 3, the pH is usually less than 7.
2. Methodology:
2.1. Sampling method:
Sampling consists of obtaining information from only a part of a large group or
population so as to infer about the whole population. The object of sampling is thus
to secure a sample which will represent the population and reproduce the important
characteristics of the population under study as closely as possible.
2.2 Sample plot establishment:
- Plot establishment shows the change levels about growth power and quanlity of
under canopy also upper canopy.
- Way to establish plot: The size and shape of the sample plots is a trade- off
between accuracy, precision, time and cost for measurement. In this case, it’s
suggested to use a typical sample plot of 1000m² for each plot. The plot size is
rectangle with size of 40*25m. The longer side is parallel with the contour line.
- Sub- plot establishment for regenerating trees inventory: in each plot, establish 5
sub- plots, 4 sub- plots in 4 corners and 1 in the center. Each sub- plot is square
(2m * 2m).
Collect data methods:
-Measure diameter: at DBH by holding caliper in the 2 sides, west-east and
south- north. After that, take the average.
-Measure total tree height and height under tree: by using Blume leisse
(Selecting location at 15meters horizontal distance from the base of a vertical tree).
-Measure canopy diameter by rape tape: measure according to perpendicular of
canopy in the two sides, west- east and south- north, take the average.
-Evaluating the canopy cover: by estimating the percentage of sunlight hided by
canopy. Giving point method (100 points equal to 100 steps).
+ At point which is completely hided by canopy (no light) give 1
+ At point which is hided 50% by canopy give 0.5
+ At point which isn’t hided by canopy give 0.
Measure the canopy cover by summing 100 points.
-Evaluating the quality of species:
+ Good trees have power growth which is very well, be not diseased, round stem,
balanced canopy, give A
+ Normal trees have lower power growth, less form, give B
+ Trees have low power growth, diseased, short of top, canopy and stem lost
balance, giving C.
-Regeneration plots: calculating number of individuals for each species (species
have diameter is smaller than 6cm), took field notes on biological and ecological
factors, including vegetation formation type, dominant species, natural
regeneration. Determining the height of species is divided by sample table,
determining tree growth from seed of bud.
3.Result:
3.1 Plantation in Luot mountain:
3.1.1 Plot location and map (GIS and RS) of Luot mountain:
3.1.2 Data analysis results:
Aer surveying, we have results in:
Table 1: Tree data collect in Luot mountain group 5:
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Table 2: Regeneration vestigation group2.
No. Species
Qualit
y Sum
Height level
≤ 0.5 0.6-1.0
1.1-
1.5
1.6-
2.0 21-3.0 3.1-5.0 > 5.0
Origi
n Origin Origin Origin Origin Origin Origin
B S B S B S B S B S B S B
SP1
Khoai ngứa A 3 2
Dẻ ăn quả A 10 2 1 3 2 2
SP2
Khoai ngứa A 1 4
Khoai ngứa A 12 4 3 5
SP3
Khoai ngứa A 3 2 1
Lim xanh A 1 1
Dẻ ăn quả A 2 1 1
Dẻ A 1 1
SP4 Khoai ngứa A 7 3 4
SP5
Lim xanh A 3 1 2
Dẻ A 2 2
Khoai ngứa A 1 1
Dẻ A 1 1
3.1.2.1 Diameter and height frequency distribution:
Table 1: Diameter frequence distribution in Luot mountain (Plantation forest)
Lower limit
Upper
limit
Middle
point
Frequence
6 8 7
10
8 10 9
8
10 12 11
14
12 14 13
9
14 16 15
4
16 18 17
8
18 20 19
3
20 22 21
7
22 24 23
8
24 26 25
5
26 28 27
1
28 30 29
12
30 32 31
1
32 34 33
4
34 36 35
1
36 38 37
0
38 40 39
0
40 42 41
1
42 44 43
0
Total 96
Table 2:
Height frequence
distribution on
Luot mountain
(Plantation forest)
3.1.2.2
Descriptive
statistics for
diameter and
height
variables:
Lower limit Upper limit Middle point
Frequenc
y
4 5 4.5
1
5 6 5.5
1
6 7 6.5
1
7 8 7.5
1
8 9 8.5
0
9 10 9.5
1
10 11 10.5
0
11 12 11.5
2
12 13 12.5
1
13 14 13.5
1
14 15 14.5
6
15 16 15.5
3
16 17 16.5
6
17 18 17.5
9
18 19 18.5
3
19 20 19.5
5
20 21 20.5
3
21 22 21.5
13
22 23 22.5
5
23 24 23.5
3
24 25 24.5
6
25 26 25.5
7
26 27 26.5
2
27 28 27.5
2
28 29 28.5
1
29 30 29.5
1
30 31 30.5
0
31 32 31.5
11
0
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Compare tree growth between 2 plots:
datas of Group 1
Using z-test in Excel :
3.1.2.3 Compare tree growth between 2 plots:
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3.1.2.4 Regression between DBH and height the best regression
function and regression levels.
Regression between DBH and height of Luot mountain of group 5:
Model Summary and Parameter Estimates
Dependent Variable:Height
Equation
Model Summary Parameter Estimates
R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1 b2 b3
Linear .273 35.214 1 94 .000 14.532 .386
Logarithmic .338 48.027 1 94 .000 3.122 6.665
Inverse .335 47.347 1 94 .000 26.663 -68.315
Quadratic .318 21.645 2 93 .000 9.290 1.056 017
Cubic .371 18.057 3 92 .000 .746 2.803 115 .002
Compound .278 36.160 1 94 .000 13.751 1.022
Power .385 58.879 1 94 .000 6.814 .397
S .432 71.503 1 94 .000 3.341 -4.331
Growth .278 36.160 1 94 .000 2.621 .022
Exponential .278 36.160 1 94 .000 13.751 .022
The independent variable is DBH.
Only S:
Model Description
Model Name MOD_6
Dependent
Variable
1
H
Equation 1 S
a
Independent Variable DBH
Constant Included
Variable Whose Values Label
Observations in Plots
Unspecified
a. The model requires all non-missing values to be positive.
Case Processing
Summary
N
Total Cases 100
Excluded Cases
a
4
Forecasted Cases 0
Newly Created
Cases
0
Cases with a
missing value in
any variable are
excluded from the
analysis.
Variable Processing Summary
Variables
Dependen
t
Independe
nt
H DBH
Number of Positive Values 96 96
Number of Zeros 0 0
Number of Negative Values 0 0
Number of Missing
Values
User-Missing 0 0
System-Missing 4 4
ANOVA
Sum of
Squares df
Mean
Square F Sig.
Regressio
n
5.227 1 5.227 71.503 .000
Residual 6.871 94 .073
Total 12.097 95
The independent variable is
DBH.
Coefficients
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 / DBH -4.331 .512 657 -8.456 .000
(Constant) 3.341 .047 70.363 .000
The dependent variable is ln(H).
3.1.2.5 Stand density, stand volume and basal area per plot and per
hectare.
Total basal area and mber volume in our plot in Luot mountain
DBH
(m)
H
tota
l
Gtree (m2) Vtree (m3)
0.292
5
14.
5 0.067161656 0.486922008
0.172
5 18 0.023358656 0.210227906
0.282
5 20 0.062647906 0.626479063
0.032
5 15 0.000829156 0.006218672
0.295
17.
1 0.068314625 0.584090044
0.297
5 25 0.069477406 0.868467578
0.115 20 0.010381625 0.10381625
0.3
16.
2 0.07065 0.572265
0.252
5 19 0.050048656 0.475462234
0.142
5 18 0.015940406 0.143463656
0.285
19 0.063761625 0.605735438
0.205 23 0.032989625 0.379380688
0.29 22 0.0660185 0.7262035
0.325 25 0.082915625 1.036445313
0.092
5 10 0.006716656 0.033583281
0.137
5 12 0.014841406 0.089048438
0.17 15 0.0226865 0.17014875
0.23
24 0.0415265 0.498318
0.17 18 0.0226865 0.2041785
0.1 16 0.00785 0.0628
0.335 22 0.088096625 0.969062875
0.085 8 0.005671625 0.0226865
0.305 25 0.073024625 0.912807813
0.29 27 0.0660185 0.89124975
0.335
32 0.088096625 1.409546
0.225
22 0.039740625 0.437146875
0.345 25 0.093434625 1.167932813
0.16
22 0.020096 0.221056
0.135 28 0.014306625 0.20029275
0.165 20 0.021371625 0.21371625
0.065 7 0.003316625 0.011608188
0.035 5 0.000961625 0.002404063
0.125
22 0.012265625 0.134921875
0.16 20 0.020096 0.20096
0.047
5 15 0.001771156 0.013283672
0.095 17 0.007084625 0.060219313
0.415
32 0.135196625 2.163146
0.075 25 0.004415625 0.055195313
0.14
30 0.015386 0.23079
0.115
25 0.010381625 0.129770313
0.295 35 0.068314625 1.195505938
0.115 32 0.010381625 0.166106
0.295
28 0.068314625 0.95640475
0.035 6 0.000961625 0.002884875
0.16 32 0.020096 0.321536
0.335
32 0.088096625 1.409546
0.12 21 0.011304 0.118692
0.26
22 0.053066 0.583726
0.245
23 0.047119625 0.541875688
0.2 26 0.0314 0.4082
0.205
17 0.032989625 0.280411813
0.125
21 0.012265625 0.128789063
0.27
26 0.0572265 0.7439445
0.12 22 0.011304 0.124344
0.285
24 0.063761625 0.7651395
0.23
22 0.0415265 0.4567915
0.18 23 0.025434 0.292491
0.29
22 0.0660185 0.7262035
0.115 18 0.010381625 0.093434625
0.192
5 24 0.029089156 0.349069875
0.212
5 26 0.035447656 0.460819531
0.177
5 32 0.024732406 0.3957185
0.207
5 15 0.033799156 0.253493672
0.14
20 0.015386 0.15386
0.175
26 0.024040625 0.312528125
0.205
18 0.032989625 0.296906625
0.125 12 0.012265625 0.07359375
0.115 15 0.010381625 0.077862188
0.237
5 22 0.044278906 0.487067969
0.205
32 0.032989625 0.527834
0.11 16 0.0094985 0.075988
0.11
18 0.0094985 0.0854865
0.1
19 0.00785 0.074575
0.182
5 22 0.026145406 0.287599469
0.167
5 26 0.022024156 0.286314031
0.082
5 17 0.005342906 0.045414703
0.105 22 0.008654625 0.095200875
0.115 32 0.010381625 0.166106
0.107
5 22 0.009071656 0.099788219
0.067
5 14 0.003576656 0.025036594
0.25
32 0.0490625 0.785
0.227
5 26 0.040628656 0.528172531
0.217
5 27 0.037135406 0.501327984
0.087
5 17 0.006010156 0.051086328
0.077
5
20.
5 0.004714906 0.048327789
0.242
5 32 0.046162906 0.7386065
0.097
5 18 0.007462406 0.067161656
0.125
26 0.012265625 0.159453125
0.112
5
17.
5 0.009935156 0.086932617
0.045 13 0.001589625 0.010332563
0.222
5
22.
5 0.038862406 0.43720207
0.237
5
28.
5 0.044278906 0.630974414
0.115
16.
5 0.010381625 0.085648406
0.225
31.
5 0.039740625 0.625914844
0.065
16 0.003316625 0.026533
0.125
23 0.012265625 0.141054688
3.012756406 36.20106957
DBH
(m)
H
tota
l
Gtree (m2) Vtree (m3)
3.1.2.6 Biomass and carbon stocks per plot and per hectare:
Equation: AGB=0.1386*
BGB=1/4*AGB
Biomass= AGB+ BGB
Total carbon sequestration and biomass calculation in our plot in Luot mountain
DBH
(cm) DBH(m) AGTC(kg) BC(kg) TCS(kg) AGB(kg) BGB(kg) Biomass
29.25
0.2925 174.6700975 26.7624875 201.432585 368.4173195
92.1043298
7 460.52165
17.25
0.1725 47.57819512 6.4116875 53.98988262 107.3137098
26.8284274
6 134.14214
28.25
0.2825 160.3289739 24.5055875 184.8345614 339.6660422
84.9165105
4 424.58255
3.25
0.0325 0.780027853 1.2330875 2.013115353 2.174805311
0.54370132
8 2.7185066
29.5
0.295 178.369843 27.34265 205.712493 375.8144678
93.9536169
5 469.76808
29.75
0.2975 182.1157383 27.9291875 210.0449258 383.2958304
95.8239576
1 479.11979
11.5
0.115 17.52792112 1.86545 19.39337112 41.62375396
10.4059384
9 52.029692
30
0.3 185.9079642 28.5221 214.4300642 390.8616464 97.7154116 488.57706
25.25
0.2525 121.5998675 18.3468875 139.946755 261.3156183
65.3289045
8 326.64452
14.25
0.1425 29.72069883 3.6189875 33.33968633 68.68216719 17.1705418 85.852709
28.5
0.285 163.8459422 25.06025 188.9061922 346.7287503
86.6821875
7 433.41094
20.5
0.205 72.78320538 10.47305 83.25625538 160.60457 40.1511425 200.75571
29
0.29 171.0163205 26.1887 197.2050205 361.1041452
90.2760362
9 451.38018
32.5
0.325 226.4175624 34.80185 261.2194124 471.2163868
117.804096
7 589.02048
9.25
0.0925 10.25315749 1.0044875 11.25764499 25.03093599
6.25773399
7 31.28867
13.75
0.1375 27.21796517 3.2427875 30.46075267 63.18451739
15.7961293
5 78.980647
17
0.17 45.89795889 6.1439 52.04185889 103.7160148
25.9290036
9 129.64502
23
0.23 96.62891066 14.3303 110.9592107 210.1295399
52.5323849
8 262.66192
17
0.17 45.89795889 6.1439 52.04185889 103.7160148
25.9290036
9 129.64502
10
0.1 12.42349441 1.2341 13.65759441 30.03054613
7.50763653
3 37.538183
33.5
0.335 243.9630868 37.49225 281.4553368 505.7814423
126.445360
6 632.2268
8.5
0.085 8.325622194 0.83225 9.157872194 20.54470724 5.13617681 25.680884
30.5
0.305 193.6321258 29.72705 223.3591758 406.2475876
101.561896
9 507.80948
29
0.29 171.0163205 26.1887 197.2050205 361.1041452
90.2760362
9 451.38018
33.5
0.335 243.9630868 37.49225 281.4553368 505.7814423
126.445360
6 632.2268
22.5
0.225 91.53746364 13.50785 105.0453136 199.6140729
49.9035182
3 249.51759
34.5
0.345 262.2917534 40.28465 302.5764034 541.7526852
135.438171
3 677.19086
16
0.16 39.53215252 5.1365 44.66865252 90.02159133
22.5053978
3 112.52699
13.5
0.135 26.01535605 3.06425 29.07960605 60.53364796
15.1334119
9 75.66706
16.5
0.165 42.64451965 5.62745 48.27196965 96.7302315
24.1825578
8 120.91279
6.5
0.065 4.300181473 0.65345 4.953631473 10.97908756 2.74477189 13.723859
3.5
0.035 0.936212744 1.15025 2.086462744 2.585814511
0.64645362
8 3.2322681
12.5
0.125 21.52354234 2.41385 23.93739234 50.57380604
12.6434515
1 63.217258
16
0.16 39.53215252 5.1365 44.66865252 90.02159133
22.5053978
3 112.52699
4.75
0.0475 1.986116827 0.8316875 2.817804327 5.276964392
1.31924109
8 6.5962055
9.5
0.095 10.94917669 1.07465 12.02382669 26.6397428 6.6599357 33.299678
41.5
0.415 413.4020459 62.68745 476.0894959 834.0651486
208.516287
1 1042.5814
7.5
0.075 6.117086876 0.69185 6.808936876 15.33667905
3.83416976
3 19.170849
14
0.14 28.45298895 3.4277 31.88068895 65.90055862
16.4751396
6 82.375698
