bài tập tổng hợp cả năm mời tham khảo

Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Lesson 1 INFINITIVES
1. Presentation:
A. Infinitive with to / To- infinitive:
a. Một số động từ sau đây được theo sau bởi To inf.
decide (quyết đònh)
hope (hy vọng)
manage (cố gắng, xoay sở)
promise (hứa)
seem (dường như)
start * (bắt đầu)
begin* (bắt đầu)
like* (thích) + (O)
love* (thích) + (O)
hate* (ghét) + (O) + To-inf.
ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) + (O)
expect (mong đợi) + (O)
help**(giúp đỡ) + (O)
intend (dự đònh) + (O)
invite (mời) + (O)
want (muốn) + (O)
wish (ước, muốn) + (O)
allow (cho phép) + O
advise (khuyên) + O
get + O
tell (bảo) + O
Example:
- We decided to make a trip to Dalak.
- She wants to have a cup of tea.
- My cousin wanted me to take her to the supermarket.
- My grandparents often advise me to study hard.

* Lưu ý: + Động từ với * có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc V-ing
+ Động từ với ** có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc Infinitive without to
b. To-infinitive có thể được dùng sau một số tính từ chỉ những phản ứng, và cảm giác của
con người.
delighted (vui)
lovely (đáng u)
pleased (vui, hài lòng)
anxious (bồn chồn, lo lắng)
shocked (bò sock)
surprised (ngạc nhiên ) + To inf
happy (hạnh phúc)
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
glad (vui, hân hạnh)
afraid (ngại)
sorry (lấy làm tiếc)
Example: I’m glad to come to your party today.
c. To-infinitive có thể được dùng để nói về mục đích, hoặc ý đònh làm việc gì đó:
Example: She learns English to find a good job
d. To-infinitive còn được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau:
- TOO + adj + (for someone) + to inf.
- adj + ENOUGH + to inf.
Example: - The tea is too hot (for me) to drink.
- He’s strong enough to lift this stone.
e. To-infinitive cũng được dùng trong mẫu câu với chủ từ giả “It”:
It is (not) impossible + for someone + to -inf.
easy
important
necessary
usual
Example: It’s impossible for him to find a job now.

f. Chúng ta có thể sử dụng to infinitive sau một số danh từ hoặc đại từ như là một thành
phần bổ nghóa cho các danh từ hoặc đại từ đó để thay thế cho một mệnh đề quan hệ.
Example: I have a lot of work to do.
= I have a lot of work which I have to do.
g. Những đại từ bất đònh như something, anything, nothing và những từ tương tự thường
được theo sau bởi “ for + O + to inf”
Example: There’s nothing for the cats to eat.
B. Infinitive without to / V
BI
(verbs bare inf)
a. Sau động từ let và make là một tân ngữ và một cụm V
BI
let ( để), make (bắt, buộc) + O + V
BI
Example: - The film made me cry.
- Let me go!
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
b. Infinitive without to / V
BI
còn được dùng sau những động từ sau: see, watch, hear, smell,
feel.
Example: - I feel the earth move.
- We watched Liverpool and Manchester play on TV last night. (xem hết trận
đấu)
* Lưu ý: Sau các động từ see, watch, hear ta dùng V
BI
khi hành động được chúng ta thấy (see),
xem (watch), nghe (hear)
2. Practice:
Complete each of the following sentences with to-inf and/or inf without to:

1. I’ve decided (buy)…… a new apartment.
2. What time do you expect (arrive) …… in Chicago?
3. That T-shirt makes you (look) …… younger.
4. Let me (post) …… that letter for you.
5. It’s important for students (do) ……their homework.
6. I promise you your order will (send) …… today.
7. She went to the post office (buy) …… some stamps.
8. He isn’t tall enough (reach) …… the top sheft.
9. We listened (sing) …… a song.
10.I heard her (shout) …… at the children.
11.It’s too cold for us (go) …… swimming today.
12.It takes 5 hours (fly) …… from Los Angerles to Honolulu.
13.I saw her (across) …… the road.
14.They have a lot of homework (do) ……
15.John is easy (please) ……
16.I’m sorry ( have troubled) ……you.
17.It’s late. I think we had better (go) …… home.
18.We can (leave) …… soon.
19.Don’t let the children (annoy) …… you.
20.We want (stay) …… home tonight.
21. My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera.
22. People use their money (buy) …… and (sell) …… things.
23. She asked us (sit)… down and went (make) … some coffee.
24. Tim is too young (join) ………… the army.
25. The movie was very sad. It made me (cry) …………
26. Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday?
27. It took us three hours (get) ………… here.
28. I’d rather (go) …… (shop) …… than anything else.
29. I wonder if you’d be kind enough (help) ………… me.
30. The robbers forced the manager (open) ………… the safe.

Lesson 2 PAST SIMPLE, PAST PERFECT & PAST PROGRESSIVE
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Content
1.Presentation:
A. Past simple:
e. Form: S + V
2
/ V-ed
b. Usage: talking about an action or an event in the past.
B. Past perfect:
a. Form: S + had + PP
b. Usage: talking about something which happened before the past time we were talking about.
C. Past progressive:
a. Form: S + was/ were + V-ing
b. Usage: talking about something which was in progress at a past time.
2.Practice:
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and past progressive:
1. He said he (join) …… the army in 1985.
2. Bill (have) …….breskfast when I stopped at this house.
3. When I went back to the shop, they (sell) …… the book I wanted.
4. Hoe many countries they (visit) … by March last year.
5. When he (come) …… home, I (talk) …… to my mother on the phone.
6. While I (lie) …… in bed last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise in front of the door.
7. It (rain) …… heavily when I (sleep) …… yesterday afternoon.
8. While Mrs Smith (plant) …… flowers in the garden, Mr Smith (change) …… the oil in
his car.
9. When we (arrive) …… at the airport, they (wait) …… for us there.
10.He (do) …… a lot of jobs before he (work) …… in this company.
11.Yesterday while I (look) …… at my computer screen, I (start) ……. feel a little dizzy, so I
(take) … a break.

12.Susan (send) …… a letter to her university after she (receive) …… her scholarship
check.
13. Tom (meet) …… Mary in 1986 and they have been good friends since then.
14.After they (visit) …… Paris, they (go) …… to Manchester.
15.George (work) …… at the university 45 years before he (retire) ……
16.After Tom (wash) …… his clothes, he (begin) …… to study.
17. When John and I (got) …… to the theatre, the movie (start) ……
18. Before I could say anything, they (admit) …… their mistakes.
19.I (hit) …… my thumb while I (use) …… the hammer. Ouch! That (hurt) ……
20.While I (read) …… books in the living room last night, I (hear) …… a strange noise in
the kitchen. I (go) …… to the kitchen, (turn) …… on the lights. I (hold) …… my break
and (listen) …… carefully. I (realise) that a mouse (chew) …… on something under the
cupboard.
Lesson 3 CLOZE TEXT & READING PASSAGE
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
I. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blanks in the follwing passage:
During the (1) ………… years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to. They
often seem to dislike being questioned. They may seem (2) …………to talk about their work at
school. This is a normal (3) ………… of this age. Though it can be very hard for parents to
understand, it’s part of becoming (4) …………of teenagers trying to be adult while they are still
growing up.Young people are usually unwilling to talk if they believe that questions are trying to (5)
………… up on them.
Parents should dod their (6) ………… to talk to their son and daughter about school, work and
future plans but should not (7) ………… them to talk if they don’t want to. Parents should also
watch for danger signs. Some people in trying to be adult may (8) ………… with sex, drug, alcohol
or smoking. Parents need to watch for many signs of (9) ………… behavior which may be connected
with these and help if (10) …………
1. A. early B. teenage C. childhood D. recent
2. A. unworried B. unrestrained C. unexpected D. unwilling
3. A. development B. appearance C. circumstance D. achievement

4. A. free B. confident C. dependent D. independent
5. A. catch B. check C. keep D. make
6. A. well B. good C. better D. best
7. A. push B. allow C. put D. expect
8. A. experiment B. approach C. experience D. attach
9. A. unacceptable B. unusual C. normal D. exemplary
10.A. proper B. appropriate C. important D. necessary
II. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers:
Last year I went to Nepal for three months to work in a hospital. I think it’s important to see as
much of a country as you can, but it’s difficult to travel around Nepal. The hospital let me have a few
days’ holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with
me.
We started preparing for the trip at six in the mornining, and left the camp with two elephants
carrying our equipment. It was hot but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from
snakes. In the jungle, there was a lot of wildlife, but w were trying to find big cats, especially tigers.
We climbed onto the elephants’ backs to get better view, but it’s unusual to find tigers in the
afternoon because they sleep in the heat of the day.
Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet. We crept nearer and
found a dead deer, still bleeding. This was the tiger’s lunch! Suddenly, I started to feel very
frightened.
We heard the tiger a second before we saw it. It jumped out like a flash of lightning, five
hundred kilos plus and four metres long. I looked into its eyes and face, and saw right down the
animal’s throat. It grabbed Kamal’s leg between its teeth, but I managed to pull Kamal away. One of
our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger
eat its lunch. That night it was impossible to sleep!
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
1. The writer went to Nepal …………
A. for holiday. B. for treatment C. for business D. on tour
2. When having a few days off, he decided to go into …………
A. the remote village. B. the mountains. C. the seaside. D. the tropical forest.

3. It’s difficult to find tigers in the afternoon because …………
A. they usually sleep at this day time.
B. it’s so hot at this time.
C. the elephants’ back was not high enough to get view.
D. the tigers hardly hunt in the heat of the day.
4. The writer started to feel frightened when …………
A. he saw a tiger. B. he saw the tiger’s lunch.
C. he scrept nearer. D. he found a deer bleeding.
5. The tiger …………
A. was like a flash of light. B. saw them a second before they saw it.
C. jumped out very fast. D. jumped out of the grass at about 4 metres.
6. Which of the followings is not true according to the passage?
A. Tigers are members of the cats family.
B. The writer was made to wear shoes and trousers to protect him from the heat of the day.
C. Kamal narrowly escaped being killed.
D. It was such a terrible experience that the writer couldn’t sleep that night.
Lesson4 CLOZE TEXT & READING PASSAGE
I. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blanks in the follwing passage:
If you are invited to someone’s house for dinner in the United States, you should (1) ………… a
gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate. If you give your host a (2) ………… gift,
he/she may often it in front of you. Opening the gift in front of the gift-giver is considered (3)
………… . It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and wants to show his/her (4)
…………to you immediately. (5) …………the host doesn’t like it, he/she will tell ‘a (6) …………
lie”and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad. If your host asks you
to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive (7) ………… on time or earlier than the (8)
…………time, because it is considered to be potentially inconvenient and (9) ………… rude, as the
host may not be (10) ………….
1. A. take B. give C. bring D. make
2. A. unwanted B. valuable C. unpacked D. wrapped
3. A. rude B. polite C. impolite D. funny

4. A. appreciation B. admiration C. respect D. enjoyment
5. A. Since B. Only if C. Even if D. Whether
6. A. great B. obvious C. deliberate D. white
7. A. gradually B. exactly C. perfectly D. recently
8. A. expected B. permitted C. waited D. wasted
9. A. consequently B. never C. therefore D. however
10.Awilling B. ready C. welcome D. waiting
II. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers:
Going to parties can be fun and enjoyable. If you are invited to a party, do call your host up
early to inform him/her of whether you are going. If you want to bring someone who has not been
invited along with you, you should ask for permission first. Remember to dress appropriately for the
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
party. You will stick out like a sore thumb if you are dressed formally whereas everyone else is in T-
shirt and jeans. If you are not sure what to wear, do ask your host.
During the party you may perhaps like to help your host by offering to serve drinks or wash the
dishes. Your host would certainly appreciate these efforts. If you happen to be in a party you do not
know anyone, do not try to monopolize the host attention. This is inconsiderate since your host has
many people to attend to and cannot spend all his/her time with you. Instead, learn to mingle with
others at the party. You could try breaking the ice by introducing yourself to someone who is
friendly-looking.
Before you leave the party, remember to thank your host first. If you have the time, you could
even offer to help your host to clean up the place.
1. If you are invited to a party, you should …………
A. take someone with you. B. ask for your parents’ permission first.
C. bring a small gift D. call to confirm your arrival.
2. According to the passage, if you are dressed differently from everybody at the party, …………
A. you will make people notice you. B. people may attach to you.
C. you will feel uncomfortable. D. you shouldn’t pay attention to your clothes.
3. What should you do if you are in a party?
A. Talk to your host as much as possible. B. Move around and talk to other guests.

C. Try to break the ice up. D. Just make friends with friendly-looking people.
4. The phrase “break the ice” means …………
A. make friends. B. attract people’s attention.
C. make people feel more relaxed. D. establish a relationship.
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. You shouldn’t bring someone who hasn’t been invited along with you to a party.
B. You should help your host with the wash-up or clean-up.
C. You should be very clearly different from everyone at the party.
D.You shouldn’t leave without showing your gratitude to your host.
Lesson6 PASSIVE GERUND & TO-INFINITIVE
1.Presentation:
A. Passive gerund:
Example:
- I don’t enjoy being laughed at by other people.
- Instead of being accused, he was set free.
a. Form: BEING + PP
b. Usage: Pasive gerund can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after some
verbs (risk, stop, ect) or some prepositions (of, at, in, etc.).
B. Passive to-infinitive:
Example:
- She ought to be told about it.
- I didn’t expect to be invited to his party.
a. Form: TO BE + PP
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
b. Usage: Pasive to-infinitive can come in the same pattern as the active forms, for example after
some verbs (expect, hope, want, ect) or some adjectives (happy, delighted, glad, easy, etc.).
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
1. It is easy (fool) ………… by his lies.
2. Martha doesn’t like to have her picture taken. She avoids (photograph) ………………
3. I appreciate (invite) …………. to your home.

4. Let’s not risk (catch) ………. In a traffic jam.
5. The government tried to stop the book (publish) ………….
6. (search) …………… by customs officers is unpleasant.
7. There’s a lot of work (do)…………….
8. The new students hope (include) … in many of the school’s social activities.
9. When the police first questioned him, he denied (involve) …………. in the robbery.
10. I remember (take) ………. to the zoo when I was a child.
11. We managed to climbed over the wall without (see) ……
12. Isabel expected (admit) ……… to the university, but she wasn’t.
13. The tin opener seems (design) … for left-handed people.
14. Many reliable methods of storing information tended (forget) …………. When the computers arrived.
15.She resented (ask) ……………to make tea for everyone at the meeting.
16. Let’s leave early. We can’t risk (hold up) …………in heavy traffic during rush hour.
Lesson7 GERUND & PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1.Presentation:
A. Gerund:
a. Form: gerund = V-ing
b. Usage: The gerund often acts like a verb and a noun at the same time. It can be used:
- as the subject of a sentence
Eg: Playing tennis is not expensive in England
- as complement of a verb
Eg: What I have to do now is writing a letter to her.
- as an object of a preposition
Eg: She’s afraid of living alone.
- after certain verbs such as enjoy, miss, finish, avoid, etc.
Eg: I enjoy listening to jazz.
B. Present participle:
a. Form: Present participle = V-ing
b. Usage: The present participle indicates action, more like a verb or an adjective. It can be used:
- as a verb in the continuous tense form

Eg: She’s cooking dinner.
- as an adjective
Eg: It’s an interesting story.
- to replace a relative clause
Eg: The man (who is) standing next to the door is my father.
- to replace subject + verb in the main or subordinate clauses
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Eg: Entering the room, I saw him.
- after some verbs like catch, find, leave, etc + someone
Eg: I caught him climbing the fence.
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
- after some verbs such as waste, spend, go, be busy, ect
Eg: You waste too much time copying the Lessonagain.
It’s very hot today. Let’s go swimming.
- after some verbs of perception such as see, hear, watch, smell,
feel, observe, notice, etc
Eg: I heard him coming into the hall.
2.Practice:
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form (gerund, present participle, infinitive):
1. We will go (camp) …………. in BaDen mountain this summer vacation.
2. That’s such an (amuse) ……… story that I can’t put it down.
3. (take) ……… the umbrella with him, he went out in the heavy rain.
4. I have to work hard these days. I am always busy (do) ……… my home work.
5. Would you like to go (fish) ……… with me on Saturday afternoon?
6. It was one of my most (embarrass) ……… experiences in my life.
7. That he passed the exam is very (surprise) ………
8. The woman (wear) ……… a red dress is my neighbor.
9. We spend most of my time (read) ……… science book.
10. The film is very (bore) ………… So I kept on sleeping in the rex.
11. I didn’t like (work) ………… so I suggested (spend) ………… the day in the garden.

12. I’d rather (go) ………… for a swim then (play) ………… tennis.
13. We’d better (study) ………… hard.
14. Why do you keep (look) ………… back? Are you afraid of (be) ………… followed?
15. ( write) ………… gives him a lot of pleasure.
16. Does your sister mind (cook) ………… everyday?
17. Have you ever considered (go) …………to live in another country?
18. He tried to avoid (answer) ………… my questions.
19. When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) ………… TV. It’s relaxing.
20. The movie was very sad. It made me (cry) …………
21. I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished (clean) ………… the apartment.
22. Paula has given up (try) ………… to lose weight.
23. When I was a child, I hated (go) ………… to bed early.
24. Would you like (come) ………… to dinner on Friday?
25. He left the hotel without (pay) ………… his bill.
26. Are you looking forward to (see) ………… Ann again?
27. After (find) ………… a hotel, we looked for someplace to have dinner.
28. It took us three hours (get) ………… here.
29. I’d rather (go) ………… (shop) ………… than anything else.
30. My close friend is fond of (sew) …………
31. I was very tired. I tried (keep) ………… my eyes open, but I couldn’t.
32. She told me (lock) ………… the door.
33. My father allowed me (use) ………… the camera.
34. It was a nice day, so we decided (go) ………… for a picnic.
35. They jog every morning (lose) ………… weight and (have) ………… a good health.
36. She is busy (feed) ………… the baby all the time.
37. Would you mind my (smoke) ………… here?
38. He doesn’t let anyone (talk) ………… in the working time.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
39. Most people prefer (spend) ………… money to (earn) ………… it.
40.Susan wants (go) ………… to Hanoi next week.

Lesson8 & 9 REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE
1.Presentation:
* Form:
We use to-infinitive in reported speech (commands, requests,
invitations, advise) as follows.
a. S + V + to-infinitive
Verbs: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, ect

Eg: - Direct: “I’m not going to walk all that way”, said Gary.
> Indirect: Gary refused to walk all that way.
b. S + V + O + to-infinitive
Verbs: advise,ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite,order, recommend, remind, request,
tell, urge, warn, ect
Eg: - Direct: “Would you like to stay at our house”, Mark
said to us.
> Indirect: Mark invited us to stay at his house.
Some more examples:
1. “Get out of the room”, she said.
> She told me to get out of the room.
2. “Could you carry some bags, Mike?”
>She asked Mike to carry some bags.
3. “Would you like to have dinner with us?”
> They invited me to have diner with them.
4. “ Please do send me to a warm climate”, he asked/begged.
> He asked/ begged us to send him to a warm climate.
5. “Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said.
> I warned the boys not to swim out too far.
6. “You had better hurr, Bill!”, she said.
> She advised Bill to hurry.
2. Practice:

* Exercises:
1. The teacher said to us, “Write your lessons carefully”.
> ………………………… …………………………… (tell)
2. Mary said to Paul, “Please don’t put your hat on my bag”.
> ……………………… …… …………………………(tell)
3. “Please don’t drink any more”, said his wife.
> …………………………………… ………………… (beg)
4. “Can you do the washing up?”, I offered.
> …………………………………….………………… (offer)
5. “I won’t forget the shopping”, she promised.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
> ………………………………….………………… (promise)
6. “Would you like to come to my party?”, he invited her.
> ……………………………………………………… (invite)
7. “I phone the police” she threatened.
> ……………………….……………………………( threaten)
8. “You should stop smoking”, the doctor advised him.
> ………………… …………………………… …… (advise)
9. “Wait outside”, I told her.
> ………………………………………………………… (tell)
10. “Could you please ring back in half an hour?”, said the secretary.
> ………………………………………………………… (ask)
11. “Would you mind movingbyour case?”, said the other passenger.
> ………………………….……………………………… (ask)
12. “Remember to book the table”, said Ann.
> ………………………….………………………… (remind)
13. “Get into the right lane”, said the driving instructor.
> ………………………………………………… (tell / warn)
14. “Avoid Marble Arch”, said the policeman.
> ……………….……………………………………… (warn)

15. “Why don’t you take some medicine”, he advised me.
> ………………… ………………………………… ( advise)
16. “Why don’t you open the bank account?”, said Jack.
> ………………… ……………………….………… (advise)
17. “Would you like to have lunch with me today?”, said Tom.
> …………………… ……… ……………………… (invite)
18. “Don’t forget that we have to drive home”, said his wife.
> ………….……………….………………………… (remind)
19. “Do go to the dentist, Tom, before your toothache gets any worse”, I said.
> ……………….……………………………………… (urge)
20. “Shall I go and get a candle?”, said Ann when the light went out suddenly.
> ………….…………………………………………… (offer)
21. “I’ll buy you a bunch of bananas”, said Mary.
> …………………………….…….………… (promise)
22. “I can lend you some money”, Sue said to us.
> …………….………………………….……………… (offer)
23. “Try again”, said Ann’s friends encouragingly.
> ……………….……… ….…….……………… (encourage)
24. “Go on, apply for the job”, said Jack.
> …………… …………………………… (urge / encourage)
25. “Will you be quiet!”, he said.
> …………… ……….………………………… (order / tell)
26. Tom asked me, “Could you book me a room in a hotel for tonight?”
> ………………………… …………………………… (want)
27. He told the boys, “Go away”.
> ……………………………….………………………… (tell)
28. “Would you sho me your passport, please?”, he said.
> ……………………………….………………………… (ask)
29. “Please, please don’t take any risks”, said his wife.
> ………………………………………………………… (beg)

30. “Forget all about this young man”, said her parents; “don’t see him again or answer his letter’s”
> ………………… ……………………………… (order, tell)
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Lesson1 WRITING: DESCRIBE INFORMATION IN THE TABLE
* Exercise: Write a passage to describe the population
growth rate in the Sunshine country in the table below:
THE POPULATION GROWTH RATES IN THE SUNSHINE COUNTRY
1991 1996 2001 2006
Lowlands 6.5% 5% 3.5% 2%
Midlands 7% 4% 2.5% 2.8%
Highlands 6.7% 6.9% 5.2% 3.7%
* Students’ writings:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs
1. tăng:
- rise
= increase
- rise - rose (quá khứ)
= increase - increased
= go up - went up

- cosiderable (nhiều, đáng kể)
- sharp (nhanh chóng)
- dramatic (nhanh chóng, ngoạn mục)
- steady (đều đặn)
- gradual (dần dần)
- slight (không đáng kể)
- cosiderably
- sharply
- dramatically
- steadily
- gradually
- slightly
2. giảm:
- decrease
= drop
= fall
- decrease - decreased (qkhứ)
= drop - drop
= fall - fell
= reduce - reduced
= decline - declined

Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Lesson11 REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
1.Presentation:
* Form: We use gerund in reported speech as follows.
1. S + V + gerund.
- Verbs: admit, deny, recommend, regret, suggest, ect.
- Eg: Direct: She said to me, “I broke the vase of flowers”.
> Indirect: She admitted breaking the vase of flowers.
2. S + V + preposition + gerund.
- Verbs: apologize (to sb) for…, dream o….f, insist on…., object to…., ect.
- Eg: Direct: She said to me, “I’m sorry. I broke the vase of flowers.”
> Indirect: She apologized (to me) for breaking the vase of flowers.
3. S + V + O + preposition + gerund.
- Verbs: accuse… …of, blame… …for, congratulate….… on, prevent… from, thank…….for,
warn …against, ect
- Eg: Direct: Mary told Peter, “It was your fault. You didn’t tell me the truth”.
> Indirect: Mary blamed Peter for not telling her the truth.
2. Practice:
* Exercises: Turn the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “You took the money,” he said.
> ……………………………………………(accuse)
2. “I stole his bicycle,” he said to the police.
> ……………………………………………(admit)
3. He said to the police, “I didn’t steal the bike”.
> ……………………….……………………(deny)
4. He said, “I’m sorry I’m late”.
> …………………………………………(apologize)
5. “I’ll drive you to the airport. I insist,” John said to Linda.
> …… ………………………………………(insist)
6. “I’m happy to hear that you have passed the final exam. Congratulations!,” Jim said to me.

> …………………………………………(congratulate)
7. “It was nice of you to invite me to dinner. Thank you,” Miss White said to George.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
> …………………………………………(thank)
8. “Don’t play with the matches,” I said to Jack.
> …………………………… …(warn … against)
9. “I must have made a mistake in the calculations,” said Mr Forest.
> ……………………………………………(admit)
10. “I’ll pay for the meal,” Sarah insisted.
>……………… ……………………………(insist)
11. Neil told us, “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.”
>……………………………………………(suggest)
12. “I’m sorry. I couldn’t come to visit you last summer,” Kate said to her parents.
> …………………………………………(apologize)
13. “I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!,” Said Dane.
> …………… ………………………(congratulate)
14. “We should take the jumper back to the shop,” Jack said to us.
> …………………………(recommend + O + to-inf)
> ……………………………( recommend + gerund)
15. “It’s not true! I have never been arrested by the police,” Larry said.
> ……………………………………………(deny)
16. “I always want to be a rich man,” said David.
> ……………………………………………(dream)
17. The manager told the visitors, “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport.”
> …………………………………(warn…against…)
> …………………………………(warn …… to-inf)
18. “Let’s eat out tonight,” said Tom.
> ……………………………………………(suggest)
Lesson13 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1.Presentation:

* Form:
TYPE
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
1
Present simple:
S + V/ V-s/es
S + will/ can + Vinf
2
Past simple:
S + V-ed/ V
2

(be >were )
S + would/ could + Vinf
3
Past Perfect:
S + had + PP
S + would/ could + have +PP
• Note: Unless = If … not …: trừ phi, nếu không
Eg: If I don’t have money, I won’t buy a car.
> Unless I have money, I won’t buy a car.
2. Practice:
* Exercises:
Type 1: Supply the correct forms of the verbs:
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
1. If it (be) fine tomorrow, we (go ) for a picnic.
2. If I (have) time tonight, I (finish) the novel I’m reading.
3. If you (finish) work early, you (come) for a drink with us.
4. If it (rain) …………… next weekend, we (not, be able to) plant the vegetables.
5. If she (have) too much to do, she (ask) someone for help.

Type 2: Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
1. If she (be) here now, she (give) us some advice.
2. If he (fail) in his present job, he (think) about another career.
3. If we (run) our own business, we (be) more independent.
4. If John (go) to his home town, he (visit) his mother.
5. If Susan (borrow) your book, she (return) it.
Type 3: Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
1. If I (manage) to repair my car earlier, I (drive) you to London.
2. If I (know) last week that she was ill, I (visit) her.
3. She (not, hear) ……………… the news if she (not, turn on) ……………… the radio this
morning.
4. We (be) ………… at the airport for hours if we (not, know) …………… that the flight
was delayed.
5. I (make) a bad mistake if I (not, read) the instructions.
* Mixed types:
a- Give the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1. They would be hurt if I (not, go) to see them.
2. If you got more exercise, you (feel) better.
3. Unless he sells more, he (not, get) much commission.
4. If I lend you $10, when you (repay) me?
5. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
6. If you slept under a mosquito net you (not, be) bitten so often.
7. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not, see) it with my own eyes.
8. The hens (not, get) into the house if you had shut the door.
9.
b- Write a sentence with If for each situation:
1. Unless they turn that radio off I will go mad.
2. My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
3. Unless you water these flowers every day, they will die.
4. We didn’t go because it rained.

9. We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
10. He lost his job because he was late every day.
11. That book is so expensive, I’m not going to buy it.
12. I don’t have a degree, so I can’t get a job easily.
Lesson15 CONDITIONALS IN REPORTED SPEECH
1.Presentation:
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
* Examples:
a. Direct: “If I have more money, I will buy that house,” she said.
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house.
b. Direct: She said “If I had more money, I would buy that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house.
c. Direct: She said “If I had had more money, I would have
bought that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had had more money, she
would have bought that house
* Form:
* Examples:
a. Direct: “If I have more
money, I will buy that house,” she
said.
> Indirect: She said (that) if
she had more money, she
would
buy that house.
b. Direct: She said “If I had
more money, I would buy that
house,”

> Indirect: She said (that) if she had more money, she would
buy that house.
c. Direct: She said “If I had had more money, I would have
bought that house,”
> Indirect: She said (that) if she had had more money, she
would have bought that house.
2. Practice:
* Exercise:
Turn the following sentences into reported speech:
1. Tom said to me, ”If I have spare time, I will go fishing with you”.
>
2. The teacher told us, “If it rains tomorrow, we can go for a picnic.”
>
3. “Unless you study harder, you will fail the exam”, said his parents.
>
4. “If she goes to the party, she will have a lot of fun.”, said Peter.
>
5. “If you need help, I will be willing to help you with the difficult exercises”, my sister said.
>
6. Lida said, “ I would have come to the party if I hadn’t been so busy last week.”
>
7. Tom told me, “If I were you, I would look for another job.”
>
8. My friend said to me, “ What would you do if someone gave you a million pounds?”
> My friend asked me what ………………………………………………
9. The gardener said, “ If I didn’t water these plants yesterday, they could die.”
>
10. The doctor said to the patient, “ You won’t feel better unless you takes these medicine.”
TYPE
CONDITIONAL IN DIRECT SPEECH CONDITIONAL IN INDIRECT SPEECH

1
If
clause
S + V/ V-s/es S + V-ed/ V
2
Main
clause
S + will/ can+ V-inf
S + would /could+ V-inf
2
If
clause
S + V-ed/ V
2
S + V-ed/ V
2
Main
clause
S + would/ could + V-inf S + would/ coulD + V-inf
3
If
clause
S + had + P.P S + had + P.P
Main
clause
S + would /could + have + P.P S + would / could + have + P.P
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
>
Lesson19 DEFINING & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
1.Presentation:

a. Relative pronouns:
b. Relative clauses:
b.1-Defining relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
- Được dùng để làm rõ thêm ý nghĩa cho danh từ hoặc đại từ đứng phía trước nó. Không có dấu
phẩy (,) giữa danh từ và mệnh đề quan hệ. Nếu ta lượt bỏ đi mệnh đề quan hệ thì câu không
còn rõ ý nghĩa nữa.
Eg: The man who told me this refused to give me his name.
defining relative clause
- Thường theo sau: the / a / an + noun, danh từ số nhiều không có the, và những đại từ all,
none, anyone, someone, …và those.
Eg: + The book is about the girl who lives in the forest.
defining relative clause
+ I met someone who said he knew you.
defining relative clause
* Lưu ý:
- Thông thường trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, that có thể thay thế cho các đại từ quan hệ ở
cột (1) và (2).
Eg: + This is the picture which / that I bought at the gallery.
- Sau những đại từ bất định như all, someone, on one, everyone,… those, sau dạng so sánh nhất
như It’s the first / It’s the most, It’s the + so sánh nhất… người ta thường dùng that hơn các
đại từ quan hệ.
Eg: + All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs.
+ It is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
+ This is the nicest hotel that I have ever seen.
- That thường được dùng nhiều trong văn nói.
b.2- Non-defining relative clauses: (Mệnh đề quan hệ
không xác định)
- Được dùng sau danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể rồi. Có dấu phẩy (,) giữa danh từ và mệnh đề
quan hệ. Chúng ta có thể lượt bỏ đi mệnh đề quan hệ mà không ảnh hưởng đến ý nghĩa của
câu.

Eg: Peter, who came here yesterday, is my cousin.
non-defining relative clause
Subject
(1)
Object
(2)
Possessive
(3)
For
person
who who / whom whose
that that
For
things
which which whose / of which
that that
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
* Lưu ý: That không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
2. Practice:
* Exercise:Combine these sentences into one, using relative
pronouns and relative clauses:
1. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this.
> ……………………………………………
2. He is the customer. I lost his address.
> ……………………………………………
3. She is the novelist. Her book won first prize.
> ……………………………………………
4. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp.
> ……………………………………………
5. I am looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt.

> ……………………………………………
6. The bed had no mattress. I slept on this bed.
> ……………………………………………
7. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
> ……………………………………………
8. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.
> ……………………………………………
9. I was waiting for a man. He didn’t turn up.
> ……………………………………………
10. The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed.
> ……………………………………………
11. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
> ……………………………………………
12. Tom was tired and wanted to stop. He had been driving all day.
> ……………………………………………
13. Ann felt quite fresh. She had slept in the back of the car.
>……………………………………………
14. Paul wanted to take the mountain road. His tyres were nearly new.
> ……………………………………………
15. We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes.
> ……………………………………………
16. He paid me $5 for cleaning the windows. Most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a
year.
> ……………………………………………
17. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
> ……………………………………………
18. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
> ……………………………………………
19. This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
> ……………………………………………

20. I bought a dozen of eggs. Six of them broke when I dropped the box.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
> ……………………………………………
Lesson21 RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITIONS
1.Presentation:
Examples:
1. The man was very helpful. I talked to him.
a. The man whom / who I talked to was very helpful.
b. The man that I talked to was very helpful.
c. The man
∅
I talked to was very helpful.
d. The man to whom I talked was very helpful.
2. The chair is nearly collapsed. The child is sitting in it.
a. The chair which the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed.
b. The chair that the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed.
c. The chair
∅
the child is sitting in is nearly collapsed.
d. The chair in which the child is sitting is nearly collapsed.

* Notes:
- whom / who, which và that có thể được sử dụng như là tân ngữ của một giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
- whom / who, which và that có thể được lượt bỏ đi như ở câu ví dụ 1c và 2c.
- Trong cách dùng Tiếng Anh trang trọng, giới từ được đặt đầu mệnh đề quan hệ (hay đại từ quan hệ)
như ở ví dụ 1d và 2d. Giới từ chỉ đứng trước whom hoặc which mà không đứng trước that hoặc who;
đại từ whom, which lúc này không thể lượt bỏ.
2. Practice:
* Exercise:Combine these sentences into one, using relative
pronouns and relative clauses:

1. The movie was very interesting. We went to it.
>
2. The man is over there. I told you about him.
>
3. The woman pays me a fair salary. I work for her.
>
4. Alice likes the family. She is living with them.
>
5. The picture is beautiful. Tom is looking at it.
>
6. I enjoyed the music. We listened to it after dinner.
>
7. The person was very friendly. I spoke to him.
>
8. The motel was very clean. We stayed at that motel.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
>
9. The person never came. Sally was waiting for that person.
>
10. I never found the book. I was looking for it.
>
11. One of my subjects is Literture. I have been interested in Literature for a long time.
>
12. The interviewer wanted to know the name of the college. I had graduated from this college.
>
13. Organic chemistry is a subject. I am not familiar with it.
>
14. The chair is very hard. I am sitting in this chair.
>
Lesson24 RELATIVE CLAUSES

REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
1.Presentation:
1. Active:
Examples:
- The man who stands at the door is my uncle.
- The man who is / was standing at the door is my uncle.
- The man who stood at the door is my uncle.
 The man standing at the door is my uncle.
* Notes: We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which has an active meaning.
1. Passive:
Examples:
- The woman who is / was given a flower looks / looked very
happy.
 The woman given a flower looks / looked very happy.
* Notes: We can use a past participle to replace a relative
clause which has a passive meaning.
3. Infinitive relative clause: (active / passive)
Examples:
a. Active:
- The first student who comes to class has to clean the board.
 The first student to come to class has to clean the board.
b. Passive:
- The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s.
 The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s.
* Notes: We can use an active or a passive to-infinitive after an
ordinal number (first, second, ), next, after, last, only, and an
indefinite pronoun (something, anything, …)
2. Practice:
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
* Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using present

participle, past participle or to-infinitive:
1. Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter.
 ……………………………………………………………
2. Do you the man who is talking to my father ?
 ……………………………………………………………
3. Applications which were sent after 23
rd
will not be
considered.
 ……………………………………………………………
4. We have a lot of exercises which we hace to do toninght.
 ……………………………………………………………
5. Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares
about.
 ……………………………………………………………
6. The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.
 ……………………………………………………………
7. George is the first person that we will interview.
 ……………………………………………………………
8. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.
 ……………………………………………………………
9. The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in
Vung Tau.
 ……………………………………………………………
10. The trees which were planted last week are growing well.
 ……………………………………………………………
11. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.
 ……………………………………………………………
12. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
 ……………………………………………………………

13. Ann is the woman who is responsiple for preparing the budget.
 ……………………………………………………………
14. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
 ……………………………………………………………
15. The books that are on that shelf is mine.
 ……………………………………………………………
16. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
 ……………………………………………………………
17. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
 ……………………………………………………………
18. The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.
 ……………………………………………………………
19. John quincy Adams, who was born on July 11
th
1767, was the sixth president of the United States.
 ……………………………………………………………
20. These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.
 ……………………………………………………………

* Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using an
appositive:
1. We walked down Park Lane, which is the srteet alone Hyde
Park.
 We walked down Park Lane, the srteet alone Hyde
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Park.
1. The statue of Eros stands high above Piccadilly Circus,
which is the busiest crossroads in London.
 ……………………………………………………………
2. We turned left into Regent Street , which is one of the best shopping street.

 ……………………………………………………………
3. We passed Marble Arch, which was once a gate into Hyde Park.
 ……………………………………………………………
4. Tom, who is my classmate, comes from England.
 ……………………………………………………………
Lesson25 RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Exercise 1:
Combine the sentences into one single sentence using relative clauses:
1. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
 ……………………………………………………………
2. I must thank the people. I got a present from them.
 ……………………………………………………………
3. The town is small. I grew up there.
 ……………………………………………………………
4. That is the drawer. I keep the jewelry there.
 ……………………………………………………………
5. The woman pays me a fair salary. I work for her.
 ……………………………………………………………
6. My flat is in an old part of the city. It was built in the 1920s.
 ……………………………………………………………
7. The traffic is very noisy. It passes my flat.
 ……………………………………………………………
8. The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat.
 ……………………………………………………………
9. We went to Sandra’s party. We enjoyed it very much.
 ……………………………………………………………
10. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for a very long time.
 ……………………………………………………………
11. The book is about a girl. She runs away from home.
 ……………………………………………………………

12. A new stadium will be opened next month. It can hold 90,000 people.
 ……………………………………………………………
13. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. My brother lives there.
 ……………………………………………………………
14. My wife and I are really enjoying the TV set. We bought it for ourselves last week.
 ……………………………………………………………
15. Yesterday, Anna rescued a bird. The cat had brought it into the house.
……………………………………………………………
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
Lesson26 OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1.Presentation: Omission of relative pronouns
* Examples:
- The manager was away on holiday. I wanted to see him.
 The manager (who / whom / that) I wanted to see was away on holiday.
* Notes:
- We can leave out the pronoun when it stands for an object pronoun of defining relative clauses, and
there is no preposition in front of it.
- Clauses without relative pronouns are very common in informal English.
2. Practice:
* Exercise 1 Combine the two sentences into one, using the relative clauses. Leave out the relative
pronouns if possible.
Example: Have you found the keys? You lost them.

Have you found the keys (which / that) you lost
1. I like the dress. Trang is wearing it.
 ……………………………………………………………
2. The fish was really delicious. We had it for dinner.
 ……………………………………………………………
3. We stayed at a hotel. Peter recommended it.
 ……………………………………………………………

4. The film was interesting. I watched it on TV last night.
 ……………………………………………………………
5. The flat was very old. My family used to live in it.
 ……………………………………………………………
6. The birthday party was too noisy. We went to it.
 ……………………………………………………………
7. Who was that boy? You was with him this morning.
 ……………………………………………………………
8. I don’t like tie. John is wearing it.
 ……………………………………………………………
9. The train was full of passengers and goods. We travelled on it.
 ……………………………………………………………
10. The church is 200 years old. Our class visited it.
 ……………………………………………………………

* Exercise 2: Tick (
√
) the sentences in which the relative pronouns can be omitted.
Example:
√
Is this the car that the police are looking for?
___1. Everything that happened was my fault.
___2. Is there anything that I can do?
___3. The window that was broken has now been repaired.
___4. Where are the eggs that were in the fridge?
___5. The play that we saw last week was boring.
___6. The young man who I sat next to on the bus talked all the time.
___7. Do you know the girl who Tom is talking to?
___8. Linda works for a company that makes computers.
___9. The book about the young girl who runs away from home.

___10. He is getting on well with Mary, who he met last month.
___11. That’s the company for which Lan is working.
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
___12. The man who helped me to finish that work was my neighbour.
Lesson27 CLEFT SENTENCES
1.Presentation:
* Examples:
1. Freda phoned Jack last night. (simple sentence, no emphasis)
- It was Freda who phoned Jack last night. (emphasis on subject)
- It was Jack who(m) Freda phoned last night. (emphasis on object)
- It was last night that Freda phoned Jack. (emphasis on adverb)
2. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
- Emphasis on object:
It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden. (active)
It was the dog that was hit by the boy in the garden. (passive)
* Notes:
We can use It was or It is ……that / who / whom …. to emphasize the words or phrases
functioning as a subject , an object or an adverbial phrase.

* Exercise 1:
Rewrite the following sentences after a model, paying attention to the subject focus of the
sentence:
Example: - The man gave her the book.
 It was the man who gave her the book.
1. The neighbour told them about it.
 …………………………………………………………….
2. My friend came to see me late last night.
 …………………………………………………………….
3. That boy scored the goal for his team.
 …………………………………………………………….

4. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran awy.
 …………………………………………………………….
5. The strong wind blew the roof off.
 …………………………………………………………….
* Exercise 2:
Rewrite the following sentences after a model, paying attention to the object focus of the
sentence:
Example: - The boy hit the dog in the garden.
 It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden.
 It was the dog that was hit by the boy in the garden.
1. The woman answered the man rudely.
 …………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………….
2. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
 …………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………….
Teacher Le Thi Hong Yen Grade 11
3. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
 …………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………….
4. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
 …………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………….
5. He borrowed the money from Linda.
 …………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………….
* Exercise 3:
Rewrite the following sentences after a model, paying attention to the adverbial focus of the
sentence:
Example: - The boy hit the dog in the garden.

 It was in the garden that the boy hitthe dog.
1. He bought the book from that corner shop.
 …………………………………………………………….
2. He got married when he was 26.
 …………………………………………………………….
3. Thay were having a barbecue in the park.
 …………………………………………………………….
4. I met him on the way to school.
 …………………………………………………………….
5. They often had parties on weekends.
 …………………………………………………………….
Lesson28 CLOZE TEXT & READING PASSAGE
1.Cloze text:
TRAVELING IN THE LAKE DISTRICT
The Lake District is very popular for holidays all year round. Roads leading into the area have been
improved in (1)…………….years. Inside the area itself, however, many roads are (2)…………….and
winding with steep hills and it may not be safe to drive (3)…………….roads like this when they are (4)
……………. in ice. For the mountain walker a word of warning – every season visitors (5)…………….lost
or are injured and (6)……………. to be rescued by the Mountain Rescue teams. This kind of problem can
be (7)……………. by following a few simple rules. When exploring the mountains, wear warm clothing,
sensible boots, take a map, compass and whistle and a small (8)…………….of food. Don’t go (9)
…………….alone and always tell someone where you (10)……………. to go to.
1. A. recent B. next C. last D. close
2. A. thin B. slim C. narrow D. shallow
3. A. along B. above C. by D. in
4. A. wrapped B. covered C. drowned D. filled
5. A. have B. be C. make D. get
6. A. must B. should C. need D. ought
7. A. arranged B. prevented C. encouraged D. organized
8. A. quantity B. weight C. length D. limit