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%2?+?•.Z?Xv242_`._Z??Xv262•.h?d,[29g0@g2
% %$[Z$?+_`[Z$?+?•.w$_Z??[`?$Z?l[
;<$Z?Xv2
rg!.;<.K@-8-Q1=
%2“-Q1.B,<8Ug3sEPI2

42“-Q1.B,<8UPI,,IE2
4
9
62“-Q1.B,<8UE,@2
2“-Q1.B,<8UTPI,,IE
4!"TW/ -+@}+30.0,<8U-.H
%2
_
T
f v
λ
= =
42
_
2v f
T
λ
= =
62
_
v
f T
λ
= =
2
_
f
v T
λ
= =

%
STU-GE+G-,<8G<T3=
%2 OG32
B. 
_
Z
3
62 OGh32

_
h
3
6
O,g,I;<,I..-B:.-=61;K2
%2“-Ig;2
42 >l#@2
62 ;<.@•<2
2 “-@•<@|2
6
/!†,TQ,<8-JH
%2
Z
d k
λ
=

42
&Z _*
Z
d n

λ
= +
62
d n
λ
=
2
Zd n
λ
=
6
rg!.;<.=
%2“-1,<8,1,I@M+|+,52
42“-Q1,<8,,IIBT@F/g3sEU
,I2
62Ug3sE,I@--,<8N.7"2
26g3sEU,I.-,<8.2

“-;.-:=-,<8,@ :.=
%2 “-+Ij2
42 “-1+:,l2
62 “-+ij2
2 “-1+:32

10
-!YLQ,:H$







+
*
ZZ?
&Z•
tx
π
&*+ @g-Q.
+I-Q.;<&*2SF.;<.K=
%24T.h2
42O30.ZXv2
624 -.Z?[2
2A0,<8-.
π
_?
[2
6
• rQ,:-!gC
#-H
*
ZZ
&
λ
ππ
x
T
t
au
+=

• “g Q,T<,H$•e
w$?+aXve–$Z?e$h?[2
’g<83I!+IE<<8_?3,Zc;<2Sg/
V-.`2‘g0,<8-,T!2
%2 _[
42 Z[
62 b[
2 h[
4  >IH
• 6@}-H
Zc
& * b& *
_? _
T s s= =

• A0,<8-H
`
Z [
b
m
v m s
T s
λ
= = =
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%2
*

Z
b&Z
π
π
−=
tu
M
&*42
*
Za+_
Z
&Z
ππ
−=
t
u
M
&*
62
*
`
_a&Z
π
π
−=
tu
M
&*2
*
h

b&Z
π
π
−=
tu
M
&*2
4
• rQ,:•H
*
a+_
Z
&Z
t
u
O
π
=
• rQ  ,:          H
*
2
Z
a+_
Z
&Z
vT
dt
u
M
ππ

−=
      $  _Z[b  $  h[  .    $  _+a
*
Za+_
Z
&Z
ππ
−=
t
u
M
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λ
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λ
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6
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4
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;<,N<2
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9[gH\g<gWE HX
W"Wn22;N<+.n
,IN<&•*+,,g@;<&*
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25

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