Mấy nhận thức về quan điểm giới với việc giải quyết vấn để phân hóa giàu nghèo ở nước ta hiện nay.PDF

MAY NHAN
THLfC
VE QUAN DIEM
GI6I Vdl VIEC GIAI
QUYET
VAN
OE
PHAN HOA
GIAU
NGHEO
6 Nl/dC
TA
HIEN
NAY
Nguyen
Mai Hong
Trucimg
DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi
Khi bin vd vin dd gidi, mot sd quan niem tmydn thd'ng,
cbi
ndi tdi van dd phu nir dugc
xem xdt nghieng vd
khi'a
canh gidi
ti'nh.
Didu dd eung dung, nbung
chua
du,
vi
ehua chti y thoa
ding den vin dd xa hdi

eiia
phu nir (dung vdi
nghia ciia
gidi). Tren thye td phu nir b nhidu noi,
kd ca trong
nbOng
nuete ed ndn kinh td
phit
tridn
lin nbirng
nude
cham phit
tridn, hing ngiy
vin dang phai ginh
chiu
hau qua
niing
nd
eiia
sy phan biet ddi xir va tbidu edng bang xa hdi.
Mac
dii
xa hdi
loai
ngudi hon 50% la phu nir nhung d khdp
cic
chiu
liie
phu nir vin phai tra gii
qui ddt

cho
sy phit tridn.
Tnmg
tdng sd 1,2
ly ngueti
dang sdng dudi mire ngheo khd, thi phu nir
chidm
70%, dae biet
lii
d Chau Phi
vii
Chau A Thai Binh
Dintng.
Theo
sd lieu
eiia
UNFPA the
gidi cd khoang
6.(X)0.00()
phu nu
chet
hang nam do cic
lai
bidn khi sinh de; 130 trieu Ire em
khdng cd didu kien di hge;
him
I ty nguiti \bn
mii
chfr;
him

1 ly ngueti din kbdng dugc sir dung
nude
sach;
gin 1 ty ngudi can ma khdng ed cic djch
vii
sinh de; 350 trieu phu nir khdng ed didu
kien thye hien kd
boach
boa gia
dinh;
hiing irieu
ngudi nhidm HIV/AIDS; gin 3 ty ngudi kbdng
ed dugc cic djch
vii
ve sinh can
Ihiet [
1,
14].
Rieng ddi vdi Viet Nam, phu nir chidm
51,8%
dan sd va 52% lye
lugng lao
ddng, 80%
sdng d ndng thdn, cbi sd HDI nam 1995 la 0,539, xep tbii 120/174 nude, tren Pakistan, An Do
vi mdt sd nude khae,
nhimg
so vdi
yen
eiu
eiia

sy ngbiep edng nghicp hoi - hien
diii
boa
tbi
edn la bai loan
hdi
sire nan giai, dae biet la chat lugng ngudn nhan lye nfr. Trong qui trinb phit
tridn, mdi ci nhin bay nbdm xa hdi
eii
thd (nhai la ngueti ngheo, phu nfr ngheo), se d vao nhung
vj the khdng gidng nhau (do phim chat,
nilng
lye ca nhan, hoac do hoan canh dua lai), nhit la
trong qui trinb
ebuydn
ddi sang ndn kinh td
ihj
truimg b nude la
hien
nay, hg bj hing hut, bj tut
hiu,
khdng ed
nhOrng
"eo may deti sdng" nhu ngudi khae; hg bj roi vao
hoim
canh dae biet khd
khan va chju nhidu thiet
Ihdi,
khdng thd ty minh boa nhap
viio

edng ddng,
viio
xa hdi dd phit
tridn
Trong didu kien phit tridn ndn kinh td thj trudng, la noi ddi hdi tfnh canh tranh
thi'ch
nghi
cao,
nhung tfnh nang etgng
eiia
phu nir
cetn
rit ban
che
so vdi nam gidi, eu thd la:
kha
nang canh
tranh cua lao ddng nu tren thj trudng lao ddng ydu hon nam, sire
khoc
yeu hon nam, cbi pbf xa
hdi
thucrng Idn
hon nam 10 -
15% ;
trong thdi ky ebuydn ddi phu nu cd
ngiiy
eo
mi't
viee lam
Idn

hon nam, trong nhidu truimg hgp phu nfr phai chap nhan viee lam kbdng dn djnb,
thu
nhap
thip,
viee
dao tao nghd cho phu nfr con rat ban ebd, nhit la khi phu nfr d tudi
tmdng
thanh eung
li liic
phu nir lap gia dinh, sinh con, nudi con. Nhu vay, phu nir
xel
vd mat xa hdi (gidi) la lye
lugng
CO
ban tham gia lai
sail
xuat sire lao ddng xa hdi, dae
biel lii
vd mill chit luetng
sii'c
lao
ddng. Ma chit lugng
eiia
lai
siin
xuat sire lao ddng xa hdi la yeu td quydt dinh
ebii
ydu
eiia
phit

tridn ngudn nhan lye theo yeu eiu
eiia
ndn kinh
id
hien dai. Rd rang giai quydt van dd phin hoi
giau ngheo phai gdn lien vdi vice giai quydt van dd phu nfr, nbdm dam bao edng bang xa hdi,
dam bao nam nir
binh
ddng. Nhan thue mdi hien nay la gdn
lidn
vdi quan didm gidi. Ture la xem
xdt vin de phu nfr nhu mot ca thd (gie'ti tfnh), ddng thiti phu nir nhu la mot nhan
cich,
mdt thanh
vien tfeb eye trong edng ddng xa hdi, trong dd ed viee giai quydt vin dd phan boa giau ngheo.
78
Cd dugc nhan
thii:c
dd la do yeu eiu
eiia
quan didm vd
sir
phit tridn eon ngudi, trong dd qua nira
la phu nfr.
vSir
phit tridn ben vfmg
chi
cd thd thye hien
duite
neu nhu mgi ebien luge phit tridn

ddu
birdng viio
phit tridn eon nguiti, thye hien edng bdng xa hdi ddi vdi mgi thanh vien trong xa
hdi,
trong dd ed phu nfr, dae biet hi phu nfr ngheo. Dd eung la
sir
bidu hien va la thye chit
ciia
viee giai quydt tdi
Uii
mdi
quim
he gifra phit tridn kinh td va phit tridn xa hdi trong
timg
budc
phit tridn
eiia Dafig
va Nha nude la hien nay.
Trong
"Qrong ITnb
xay
dimg
dit nuete trong thdi ky qui dd
len
CNXH" ed ghi: "
ehinh
sach xa hdi dung ddn vi hanh
phiie
eon ngudi la ddng lye to
Idn

phit buy tidm nang sing tao
cua nhin din trong sy ngbiep xiy
dimg
CNXH.
Phuong
hudng
Idn
cua
chinb
sach xa hdi la:
phit buy nhin td con ngudi tren eo
si't
dam bao
edng
bang, binh ddng vd quydn
Igi
va ngbTa vu
edng
din; ket hgp td't tang trudng kinh td
vbi
tidn bo xa hdi; giira ddi sdng vat chit va ddi sdng
tinb thin; gifra dip ting cic nhu eiu trude mdt vdi cham
lo Igi
feb
liu
dai, gifra ca nhin vdi tap
the va
C()ng
ddng xa hdi"[2,
13|.

Van kien Dai hdi
VHl ciia
Dang con nhin manb: "Tang tnrdng
kinh td phai gdn lien vdi lien bd va edng bdng xa hdi ngay trong timg budc va trong sud't qua
trinb phit tridn. Cdng bang xa hdi phai thd hien d ca
khiu
phan phdi hgp ly tu lieu sin xuit lin
b khau phan phdi ket qua san xuat, d viee tao didu kien cho mgi ngudi ddu cd eo hdi phit tridn
va sir dung td't nang lye cua minh" [3,
113].
Cd thd ndi, diy chfnh la md hinb phit tridn ma
chiing
ta
lya
ehgn nbdm xiy dyng mdt nude Viet Nam dan giau, nude manb, xa hdi edng bang,
van minh, theo djnb hudng XHCN.
Theo
quim
didm gidi, dd giai quydt cic van dd xa hdi
neu
tren dae biet nhiing
vaii
dd nhu
that ngbiep, ngheo ddi lai
phiii
dua
viio
ehinh gidi phu nir, hg phai
tir tibdm
ddi tugng trd

thanh
cbii
thd tham gia
viio
cic chuemg trinb xa hdi, phit buy tinb nang ddng xa hdi
eiia
phu nfr
trong giai quydt cic van etc xa hdi
eiia
ban
Ihiin
gidi minh. Nhu
viy,
vin dd gidi, phu nir va phit
tridn bao gid eung phai xoay quanh cai true "lay con ngudi b vi tri trung tam".
vSy
fien bd
eiia
phu nir phai
ludn ludn
gdn lidn vdi phit tridn va tidn bd xa
beii
thdng qua he tbdng cic ehinh
sieb kinh td va
chi'nh
sieh xa hdi. Didu dd
cQng
ed ngbTa la dd giai quydt htru bieu vin dd phin
hoi giau ngheo phai ludn ludn gdn vdi viee giai quydt van dd phu nii va phit tridn. Trong be
tbdng dd, vai trd

ciia
phu nfr vdi sy dap img vd gidi khdng chi la lye lugng tao ra sy dn djnb
ctia
xa hdi ma con la yen td, la ddng lye
eiia
sy phit tridn va tidn bd xa hdi.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
[1] Nhin din (bio),
sd45
(510)/S-11-1998,
ir.I4.
[2] Dang edng san Viet Nam: Cuetng
linb
xay dyng dit nude trong thdi ky qua dd len
CNXH,
NXBSythit,
Ha Ndi
1991.
[3] Dang Cdng
siin
Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu
loiin qiidc
Ian thir
Vfll ciia
Dang, NXB Chinb trj qude gia, H,
1996.
[4J
ADUKI,
van de ngheo d Viet Nam, NXB Chfnh In qude
gia.

Ha Ndi,
1996.
[5] Nguydn Thj Hdng - Nguydn Him Dung. Van dd gidi vdi chfnh sach xa hdi.
[6] Trin Thj Van Anh, Le Ngge
Hiing.
Phu nfr, gidi va phit tridn, NXB Phu nfr,Ha Ndi,
1996.
(Xem liep
trang
83)
79
SUMMARY
Some awareness of the view of sex and the
.solution
to the division among the rich
and the poor in our country at the present time
The content of the article expounds some main opinions: the meaning, thee impotance
and the essential content of the view of sex during the progress of the solution of the division
among the rich and the poor, during the progress of the oriented socialist industrihzation and
modemizafion
in our country.
83