Nấm ăn, nấm dược liệu trong phòng chống khối u, ung thư và chống lão hóa

NAM AN, NAM
Daoc
LIEU TRONG PHONG
CHONG
KHOI
U,
UNG
THU
VA
CHONG
LAO
HOA
NGUYfiN THI
CHINH,
LY NGOC
OANH
Bo mdn Vi Sinh, Khoa Sinh hgc,
Dai hgc Khoa hgc
ti(
nhien, DHQG
HN
PHAM THUY
LINH
JONG PYUNG KIM, YOUNG HEE KIM, SUNG
MIN
CHO
Vien nghien
cihi
Sinh hgc vd
Cong nghe Sinh hgc Han Qud'c
1.

Met
dau
Theo to
chiic
Y
te'
the gidi hgp gan day thdng bao d Hdi nghi phdng
chd'ng ung thu thi d nude ta mdi nam cd tir 100.000 - 150.000 ngudi bi
ung thu, trong so dd 70.000 ngudi chet. Cac nha khoa hgc Viet Nam
Cling nhu the' gidi da va dang khdng
ngirng
tim kiem, nghien
ciiii
cac
boat cha't cd kha nang phdng chd'ng khdi u, ung thu. Da cd hang nghin
edng
trinh nghien
ciiu
cdng bd ve kha nang tuyet vdi nay
ciia
mot so
loai
nam an, nam dugc lieu, trong dd kha nang chd'ng u
ciia
nam Linh
chi
(Ganoderma lucidum) la gan 100%. San pham Sinh khdi nam Linh
chi (Ganoderma lucidum) do PGS.TS
Nguyln
Thi Chinh san xuat

tir
sgi
nfci
da thir nghiem tren Sarcoma
180
d chudt ciing ebo thay ket qua
chd'ng u dat 87,06% (Nguyen Thi Quy va cac cdng su, 2004). Kha nang
chd'ng u
ciia
mot so loai nam
khae
nhu: nam dau khi (Hericium
erinaceus) la 63-74%, Mesima, thud'c chd'ng ung thu ndi tie'ng
ciia
Han
Qud'c san xuat tir sgi nam Phellinus linteus hieu qua chd'ng ung thu dat
96,7%,
copolang, thud'c chd'ng ung thu tir nam van chi (Coriolus
versicolor) la
77,5%,
thud'c lentinan tir nam huang (Letinula edodes) la
80,5%
(Theo ket qua nghien
ciiu ciia
Trung tam nghien
ciiu
chd'ng ung
thu Nhat Ban 1997, va nhieu tac gia khac). Dae biet na'm blip
(Agaricus
blazei) dugc coi la loai na'm dinh dudng sieu

cao,
la loai thuc pham cao
cap,
trong
lOOg
nam khd cd tdi 43,19g protein vdi
d£y dii
cac thanh
798
phan
axil
amin,
cac vitamin va khoang chat.
Miic
lie che khdi u tren
chudt dat 70-99% (Le Xuan Tham va cdng su, 2003). Ngoai ra nam blip
con cd tac dung ngan
ngira
xa
eiing
ddng mach, chd'ng: teo ca, viem
loet
hanh ta trang,
loet
da day, tao bdn va benh
trL
Hoat tinh sinh hgc
ciia Linh chi va cac loai na'm khae la rat da dang bdi nd
chiia
nhieu chat

hoa hgc khac nhau nhu alkaloid, aminoaxit, cac chudi peptit, cac
nguyen to vd ca, steroid, chat beo va cac axit
hOn
ca. Cac hgp cha't cao
phan tir nhu triterpen, polysaccharit va adenosin, 150 triterpen va ban
50 polysaccharit da dugc
tach
ra va biet tdi. Cac hoat chat nay khi ke't
hgp vdi nhau thi dugc tinh cung khac nhau. Kha nang antioxidant
ciia
nhieu loai nam an va nam dugc lieu ciing dugc nhieu tac gia nghien
ciiu
(Nam Hee Yoo va cdng su, 2005), (Jin Yoo Kim va cdng su, 2005).
Khu dugc gde oxy tu do la ngan ngiia dugc su phat sinh benh, chd'ng
lao
boa, chd'ng u va chd'ng ung thu (cd
nghia
la khdng cho nd tac ddng tdi
cau true gen, lam thay ddi ban chat gen). Kha nang khii superoxide
ciia
boat cha't sterin C tach tir sgi nam Stereum hirsutum la 58% d ndng do
100p,g/ml.
(Jong-Pyung Kim, Nguyen Thi
Chinh,
va cac cdng su, 2005).
Vi vay,
chiing
tdi tie'n hanh xac dinh kha nang khir gde oxy tu do eua
na'm blip (Agaricus blazei) va nam Linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum) (San
pham Sinh khdi nam Linh chi) do PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Chinh san xuat,

nham ling dung trong phdng chd'ng khdi u, ung thu va chd'ng lao boa.
2.
Nguyen lieu va
phudng
phap
* Vi sinh vat
sii
dung
Nam blip Agaricus blazei Murrill ngudn
gde
Cdng hod Sec.
Linh chi Ganoderma lucidum (Curt) Karsten ngudn gd'c Trung
Qud'c
vd Viet Nam.
Bdt sinh khdi na'm Linh chi (Sinh Linh). Hai chiing nam nay do
PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Chinh san xuat va cung
cajp
* Phuang phdp nghien
ciiu
Xac dinh hoat tinh khir gd'c oxy tu do theo phuang phap ABTS
(Radical scavenging activity)
Kha nang khir gd'c oxy dugc tinh theo cdng
thiic:
Mau A eua ddi chirng - mau A thi nghiem
xlOO
Mau A ddi chiing - 0,044
799
Thuc hien tai phdng thi nghiem chuan qud'c gia ve antioxidant tai
Vien nghien
ciiu

Khoa hgc sinh hgc va Cdng nghe sinh hgc Han Qud'c.
- Dich nam dugc tach chiet bdi mot sd dung mdi qua
nbi^u
budc
rdi cd
chan
khdng. Cho
mSu
vao cac gieng,
mSu chu^n
(ddi chiing) va
mau thi nghiem rdi cho thud'c thir ABTS. Ne'u thay
mSu thi
nghiem
xuat hien mau vang la cd kha nang antioxidant. So mau d budc sdng
734 nm trong thai gian 7
phiit
cd ke't qua doc tren may.
3.
Ket qua nghien
ciiru
Agaricus blazei va Ganoderma lucidum la hai loai na'm da dugc
nhieu nha khoa hgc tren the' gidi khang dinh la cd kha nang chd'ng
u,
ung thu cao dat 90 - 99%. Hai loai nam nay da dugc nudi trong d Viet
Nam dudi dang qua the (nam blip) va dang sinh khdi sgi (nam Linh
chi).
Cac loai nam nay da dugc tach chiet va cd dac
lai
rdi thir kha

nang antioxidant eua chiing tai Phdng thi nghiem chuan qud'c te'
antioxidant Han Qud'c.
Ke't qua dugc the hien d bang va hinh sau:
1.
Kha nang antioxidant
eua
nam bup Agaricus blazei theo
phuang phap thir ABTS ket qua the hien d
bangl,
hinh 1.
Bang 1.
MSu
%
lire
che
Kha nang
BHA
88.2
antioxidant ciia nam blip (A
Trolor
88.8
0.173
5.2
1.73
10.6
garicus
17.3
33.1
blazei)
173

87.9
Chii
thich: BHA va Trolor la
mSu
chuan
>(i)
n
()
()
>D
B^
100
-1
90-
80-
70
-
KO
-
60-
40-
30-
20-
10-
n •
p^
BHA Trolor 0.173 1.73 17.3 173
(lig/ml)
Hinh
1.

Khd ndng antioxidant
ciia
nam blip (Agaricus blazei)
800
2.
Kha nang
antioxiaant ciia
nam Linh chi
Ganoderma
lucidum (dang
sgi) theo phuang phap thir
ABTS,
ket qua the hien d bang 2, hinh 2.
Bang 2. Kha nang antioxidant ciia hot sinh khdi nam Linh chi
(G. lucidum)
Mau
%
Uc
ch6'
BHA
88.2
Trolor
88.8
0.216
2
2.16
4.6
21.6
20.4
216

51.9
Chii
thich: BHA va Trolor la
mSu
chu£n.
o
o
o
100
90
80-
70-
60
50
40
30 H
20
10H
0
ft
BHA Trolor 0.216
2,16
21.6
216
(itg/ml)
Hinh 2. Khd ndng antioxidant
eua
sinh
klid'i
nam Linh chi (G. lucidum)

fir ~ai.*'~f
a''"
'
\
'v*
Hinh 3.
Hinh
thdi qua the nam bup
801
Hinh 4. Hinh thdi qua the nam Linh chi
Ke't qua nghien
ciiu
d tren cho thay hai loai nam nay cd kha nang
antioxidant kha cao, vdi kha nang nay cho thay neu sir dung hai loai
na'm nay se ngan ngira dugc benh, chd'ng lao boa va dac biet ngan
ngira dugc su tao thanh khdi u, chd'ng dot bie'n gen, ehdng ung thu la
do nam da lam mat gd'c oxy tu do
(Oj),
mat nhdm ("OH).
Gde
hydroxyl ("OH) doe ddi vdi ADN, gd'c ('OH) cd the tac dung den
thynin qua mot
loat
phan irng tao thanh thynin glycol, hoac nd tac
ddng vao adenin guanin tao thanh nhiing chat khae gay ddc gen, lam
thay ddi cau
triic
gen dan den tao khdi u va ung thu.
Vi vay ne'u khir dugc gde
O2

va
-OH
la ngan ngira dugc khdi u,
ung thu va chd'ng nhieu benh khac
IV. Ket
luan
Qua ke't qua tren cho thay so vdi cac
mlu
chuan
1.
Da xac dinh dugc nam blip Agaricus blazei cd kha nang
antioxidant dat 87,9% vdi lieu 173
ng/ml.
2.
Nam Linh chi Ganoderma lucidum tir sgi nam cd kha nang
antioxidant dat
51,9%
vdi lieu sir dung 216
^ig/ml.
802
:).
rsam
Dup,
nam
Linti cm
co tac dung trong phdng chd'ng khdi u,
ung thu
va chdng
lao hoa.
Tai lieu tham khao

1.
Chang Shu Ting Ganoderma lucidum - A leader of edible &
medical mushrooms, a prominent source for heath care market
in
21"
century. Pages 22-24 International Agriculture Trade
(2004)
2.
Nam-Hee Yoo,
Ick-Dong
Yoo, Jin-Woo Kim, Bong-Sik Yun,
In-
Ja Ryoo, Eui-Soo Yoon, Nguyen Thi Chinh and Jong-Pyung
Kim Sterin C, a New Antioxidant from the Mycelial Culture of
the Mushroom Stereum hirsutum. Agrie. Chem. Bitechnol.
48(1),
38 - 41 (2005)
3.
Jin-Woo Kim, Byung-Sik Moon, Young-Min Park, Nam-Hee Yoo,
In-Ja
Ryoo, Nguyen Thi Chinh, Ick-Dong Yoo and Jong-Pyung
Kim. Structures and Antioxidant Activity of Diketopiperazines
Isolated from the Mushroom Sarcodon aspratus. J. Korean
Soc.
Appl. Biol. Chem. 48(1), 93 - 97 (2005)
4.
Fujimiya Y, Suzuki Y, Katakura R, Ebina
T.
Tumor-specific cytocidal
and

unmunopotentiating
effects of relatively low molecular weight
products derived from the basidiomycete Agaricus blazei Murill.
Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 119-128. [PubMed]
5.
Kim, H. M.,
8.
B. Han, G. T. Oh, Y. H. Kim, D. H. Hong, N. D.
Hong, and I. D. Yoo. 1996. Stimulation of Humoral and Cell
Mediated Immunity by Polysaccharide Mushroom Phellinus
linteus. Int. J. Immunopharmac. 18 (5): 295-303. The prolonged
life of A system mice implanted abdominal dropsy of Erlieh
carcinoma in animal tests and
ICR
mine implanted Sarcoma
180
solidfied cancer, and the growing suppression for Sarcoma 180
cancer.
6. Kim, J. P, Lee, K.Y., Yoo, H. J. and Yang, H. K 1997.
Immunoregulatory Effect of Mesima as an Immunotherapeutic
Agent inStage HI Gastic Cancer Patients after Radical
Gastrectomy. J. of Korean Cancer Association. 29(3). Mesima
803
shows immunostimulation and anticancer affect by antivation
of M
(|),
T cell, B cell, NK
cell.
Complement system and
Cytokine production. Mesima also have no side effect when it

is administrated
long-termly.
7.
Takaku T, Kimura Y, Okuda H. Isolation of an
anthumor
compound from Agaricus blazei Murill and its mechanism of
action.
J Nutr
2001;
131: 1409-1431. [PubMed] [Free Full Text]
8.
Ito
H,
Shimura
K,
Itoh
H, Kawade M. Antitumor effects of
a
new
polysaccharide-protein complex (ATOM) prepare from Agaricus
blazei
(Iwade
Strain 101) 'Himematsutake' and its mechanisms
in tumor-bearing mice. Anticancer Res 1997; 17: 277-284.
[PubMed]
9. Le Xuan Tham,
Truong
Binh Nguyen (2003) Bd sung vao nhdm
nam chd'ng ung thu d Viet Nam mot loai rat hie'm: nam bup
(Agaricus

blazei Murrill)
http:
//www.
vnbio.
org
804