Tư tưởng yêu nước của Huỳnh Thúc Kháng trong thời kỳ tham gia chính quyền cách mạng(1945-1947

TUTUONG
YEU
NUOC CUA
HUYNH THUC KHANG
TRONG
THOI
KY THAM
GIA CHINH
QUYEN CACH
MANG
(1945-1947)
ThS.
Tran Thi Hanh
Khoa Triet hoc -
TrUdng
DHKHXH&NV,
DHQGHN
Huynh Thuc Khang (1876-1947) la mot trong nhiing chi
si
yeu
nUdc
tieu
bieu cho cupc dau tranh giai phdng cua nhan dan ta hoi dau
the ky XX,
ciing
vdi cac nha yeu
nUde
noi tieng nhu Phan Bpi
Chau,
Phan Chu Trinh v.v
Huynh Thuc Khang sinh nam 1876 (nam Tu

Dijfc
26 - Binh Ty)
trong mot gia dinh nong dan tai
lang
Thach Binh, tong Tien Giang
thupng,
huyen Tien
Phudc,
phii Tam
Ky,
tinh
Quang Nam. Ong theo
nghiep den sach tii nhd, la mot trong 4 hpc sinh Uu tu
ctia trudng
tinh,
gpi la "Quang Nam tii ho":
Tr^n
Quy Cap, Huynh Thuc Khang,
Nguyen Dinh Hien, Pham Lieu. Khoa thi
Huong
nam Canh Ty 1900,
Huynh
Thiic
Khang thi do
c\i
nhan. Sau
dd
vi ong cd tang than sinh
nen khong di thi hoi nam do, ve nha chiu tang cha va day hpc. Khoa
thi Giap Thin 1904 Huynh Thuc Khang

du
thi hoi,
d6
dau (Hoi
nguyen). thi dinh do Tam Giap,
ddng
tien si. Huynh Thuc Khang cho
rang
quoc gia mat chu quyen, trieu dinh khong con uy tin, ai qudc
khong nhat thiet di lien vdi trung quan nen ong khong ra lam quan.
1905-1908 Huynh Thuc Khang cung Phan Chu Trinh,
Tr^n
Quy
Cap
lanh
dao phong trao Duy tan
d
Quang Nam, to chiic nhieu boat
dpng
CO
tinh cai
each
theo kieu dan
chii
tu san, dat ket qua
nhUng
sau
dd hi thUc dan Phap va phong kien tay sai khung bo' dan ap va trut sU
tra thu
len

tat ca
nhi3ng
nha lanh dao cua phong trao. Huynh Thuc
Khang va Phan Chu Trinh deu hi ghep vao tpi "Theo dang bpi quoc,
ngam thong nUdc ngoai, de xUdng dan quyen, ket an day Con Lon, ngp
358
xa bat nguyen (gap an xa ciing khong
tha)"^.
Huynh Thuc Khang hi day ra Con Dao. Nam 1921 Huynh Thuc
Khang ra
tOi,
ve que d Tien Phudc nghien
cdu
sach thuo'c
chiia
benh
cho dan, ong
vkn
gia thai dp kien
quyat
khong lam quan cho che dp
phong kien bu nhin ban nUdc.
Dudi trieu Bao Dai, Phap "cho nhan dan dupe quyen tham gia
chinh
tri",
tuyen bo' doi Tu phdng vien - mot to
ch^c
bu nhin dat ben
canh trieu dinh Hue - thanh Nhan dan dai bieu Vien. Huynh Thuc
Khang

dupc b§u
lam Vien
trudng
Vien Nhan dan dai bieu gpi
t^t
la
Vien Dan bieu Trung Ky. Sau dd, ong nhan thay ban chat bii nhin cua
Vien dan bieu nen ong tii
chiic
Vien
trudng.
"Huynh Thuc Khang cong ty" dUpc thanh lap dau nam 1927 do
Huynh Thuc Khang,
Tr§n Dinh
Phien, Dao Duy Anh to
chCfc.
Ngay 10-
8-1927, bao Tieng dan, cd quan ngon
luan
d^u
tien d Trung Ky ra ddi
d Hue, Huynh Thuc Khang
dUdc
c\i
lam chu nhiem kiem chu but. Bao
Tieng dan la
td
bao duy nhat d Trung Ky khong phuc tung cac menh
lenh
cua Chinh phu bao ho de trd thanh cai

loa
tuyen truyen cho cac
chii trUdng phan dpng, cac phong trao van boa no dich; hdn
nijfa lai
con
vach tran nhiing thu doan
liia
hip, canh giac nhan dan. Td bao hi
dinh chi xuat ban vao ngay 28-4-1943. Dieu nay cung dong
nghia
vdi
sU that bai cua dUdng
16'i
"lam
each
mang cong khai" cua Huynh
Thuc Khang.
Cach mang Thang Tam thanh cong. Chieu ngay 2-9-1945 tai cupc
mit tinh d quang trUdng Ba Dinh - Ha Npi, Ho Chu tich thay mat
Chinh phu lam thdi dpc Tuyen ngon doc lap. Huynh Thuc Khang nhan
thiic dupe
y
nghia lich
sii v6
ciing
to
Idn
cua
th^ng Idi
nay.

"Sudng 6i la
sUdng,
thoat than no ma lam chu nhan ong; vui that
la vui, doi quyen vua ma lam dan
quo'c
mdi.
Nen tang hoa binh gdp them hon da, thuan tog theo trao
lUu
cua
^
Huynh Thuc Khang, Huynh Thuc Khang nien pho va
tha
trd
Ibi
Ky ngoai
hdu CiCdng
De, NXB
Van hoa Thong tin, 2000. tr.42-43.
359
xa hoi
loai
ngUdi;
qudc te vo dai ghe vao mot ten, nao phai nup len
trong man den cua giac
Phap."^
"At Dau trUdc den At Dau nay that khac xa.
TrUdc
la kinh thanh
that thu, la mat nUdc; nay la
each

mang, la giai phdng. Cai hoai bao
cua hai cu den day ro la dUdc thUc hien. Cu Sao Nam thi dan tpc chu
nghia, cu Tay Ho thi dan chu chu nghia. Ddi toi den day dUdc thay cai
ket qua ma binh sinh hai cu mong Udc, nhU the la dUdc roi."
6 thdi ky
d^u
each
mang, trong tu tudng Huynh Thuc Khang
ciing cd chut ban khoan do khong trUc tiep gdp
ph^n
vao sU nghiep
nay, hdn niia dUdng
16'i
tU san cai
lUdng
cua ong
ciing
it nhieu anh
hUdng den dUdng
16'i each
mang cua Dang cong san. NhUng trong tham
tam cua nha chi
si
yeu nUdc van mu6'n lam mot viec gi dd cho dan cho
nUdc, nhat la trong thdi dai mdi, thdi dai
g^n
vdi ten tuoi cua nha yeu
nUdc each mang, vi lanh tu cua dan tpc
Nguy§n
Ai Qu6'c - Ho Chi

Minh. Qua vi lanh tu Ho Chi Minh, Huynh Thuc Khang nhin thay mot
dUdng 16'i chinh tri mdi; danh duoi thUc dan phong kien
khdng
dUa vao
Phap hay Nhat ma dUa vao
lUc lUdng
quan chung nhan dan vdi mot
he
thd'ng ly
luan
each
mang sang tao cua thdi dai. Vi the "do'm
Itta
nhiet thanh ai quo'c" cua ong lai dUdc thdi bung chay de bien thanh
hanh dpng
each
mang.
Cuo'i nam 1945, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh dien cho Uy ban Nhan dan
lam thdi Trung bp mdi Huynh Thuc Khang ra Ha Npi. Ngay 24-2-1946
Huynh Thuc Khang ra Ha Npi, cong tac vdi chinh phu mdi, di theo
dUdng 16'i each mang Ho Chi Minh theo
Idi
mdi cua Ho Chi Minh.
La nha yeu
nUde
chan chinh nen dang
liic
quo'c gia hiiu sU Huynh
Thuc Khang khong the khdng gap Ho Chi Minh de trao ddi y kien,
nhat la da dUdc nghe danh tieng Nguyin Ai Quo'c tu:

lau.
Giay phut hai
nha ai qu6'c gap nhau that cam dpng va cd
le
ciing la giay phut danh
dau budc ngoat c6 y nghia nhat trong sU nghiep boat dpng vi dan vi
nUde
cua Huynh Thuc Khang.
2 VUcJng
Dinh Quang,
Tha
van Huynh Thuc Khdng, NXB Van hoc, Ha Noi, tr.l89.
3Sdd.,
tr.30
360
"Cu Ho 6m choang Cu Huynh, ca hai Cu deu khoc. Cau noi dau
tien cua Cu Ho:
"T6i
tUdng da bd thay S nUdc ngoai vi may chuc nam
trdi,
gap khong biet bao nhieu la gian nan nguy hiem". Cu Huynh
vUa
khoc
viifa
noi:
"Khi
con d C6n L6n toi ciing tudng kh6ng cd ngay phuc vu
To quoc, phuc vu Dan tpc, vi an chung than, nay gap Cu t6i ha
l^m."^-
Khi nghe Ho Chu tich noi

r^ng
viec mdi Huynh Thuc Khang nhan
chiic Bp trudng Bp Npi vu la y kien chung cua anh em cac dang phai,
la do 6ng d lai trong nudc bieu ro trinh dp tien bp cua dong bao ba ky
va ddng bao ba ky deu tin nhiem, Huynh Thuc Khang
luc
d^u
con
phan van:
"Tinh the kho khan that, mpi ngUdi cong dan deu phai chia vai
ganh vac mot phan trach nhiem. Cu bie't toi da gan trpn mot ddi
lo
toan viec
nUde,
mong Udc dUdc lam dan mot nUdc dpc lap. Nay tudi da
gia,
sdc
da mdi, long muo'n nhan trach nhiem nhU cu noi nhUng lai sd
khong lam
tron."^
NhUng roi Huynh Thuc Khang da nhan
Idi
khi thay c6ng viec
ciia
Chinh phu qua nhieu, nhat la khi Ho Chu tich noi vdi ong thong qua
ngUdi thu ky rang:
"Khi xUa lam quan la hUdng
dinh
chung. Bay gid chung ta lam
viec cho dan cho nUdc, gpi la cong hoc, chu ciing noi cho Cu bie't hien

ben Tau con trpng
nhuEng
ngUdi hay chii, ma bpn Lu Han con ddng d
day, chung bie't trong Chinh phu ta c6 vi tien si van chUdng, chung
cung trpng. Cu Huynh da hy sinh nhieu, xin Cu by sinh them, nay mai
se cd lien tich hoi nghi, cac dang phai se mdi cu."
Huynh Thuc Khang da thUc tam di theo con dudng each mang cua
Ho Chi Minh "Neu cu thay ba chii Huynh Thuc Khang con cd ch6
diing do'i vdi To quo'c, do'i vdi quoc dan ddng bao, thoi thi xin hien cho
cu
diing."^
'lUyban
trung
Udng
mat tran to quoc Viet Nam, Hoi Khoa hoc Lich
siiVidt
Nam,
Chi si
yeu
nUdc
Huynh Thuc Khdng, Ha Noi, 1997,tr.l81
5-Sdd,
tr.l95
6Sdd,
tr.l84
^Sdd.
tr.l97
361
Nha ai qudc Huynh Thuc Khang da vUdt qua tat ca
nhiing

mac
cam, nhiing ban
che'ciia
ban than de co'ng hien not cupc ddi, tri tue cua
minh cho T6 quo'c, cho sU nghiep chung cua dan tpc, de lam ban vdi
nhiJng
ngUdi cong san "nhiet tam ai
qu6'c".
Khi da cd sU chuyen bien
ve tu tudng, con ngUdi hanh dpng vi dan vi nUdc cua chi
si
yeu
nude
Huynh Thuc Khang lai trdi day quen ca tudi cao
siic
yeu.
1.
TlTTirciNG
GLCGIN
DOC LAP DAN TOC, CHONG NGOAI XAM
Huynh Thuc Khang da gianh ca cupc ddi minh cho sU nghiep dau
tranh doi dpc lap cho dan tpc, dan chu cho nhan dan Viet Nam. Khi
con la cau be, Huynh Hanh da theo cha anh tham gia phong trao Can
VUdng
chd'ng
Phap bao ve dpc lap dan tpc. Ong trd thanh tien
si
Nho
hpc nhUng tii cho'i cho'n quan trUdng tay sai de lanh dao phong trao
Duy tan cho'ng che dp phong kien thUc dan. Vien trudng Vien Dan bieu

Trung ky Huynh
Thiic
Khang da dau tranh chinh tri cong khai vdi
thUc dan Phap
ddi
quyen tU quyet cho dan tpc, quyen dan chii cho
nhan dan. Chu nhiem kiem chu but bao Tieng dan da can trUdng vach
ro ban chat
khai
hoa
ciia
thUc dan, ban chat Udn hen ciia che dp phong
kien,
chan hUng long yeu nUdc ciia nhan dan. NhUng chi den khi trd
thanh thanh vien quan trpng trong Chinh
phii
lien hiep khang chien,
dudi sU lanh dao
ciia
Ho Chu tich, Huynh Thiic Khang
mdi
thUc sU
the hien bet
tai
tri ciia minh trong c6ng cupc chung cua toan the
nhan dan Viet Nam: bao ve nen dpc lap, nen dan chu tu do non tre
cua dat nUdc.
Ngay 23-9-1945 thuc dan Phap nd
siing
xam

ludc
d Sai Gdn, sau
do md rpng danh chiem Nam Bp va nam Trung Bp. De tap trung
lUc
lUdng
chdng thUc dan Phap xam
lUdc
d mien Nam, Dang va Chinh phu
ta da thuc hien chu trUdng hoa hoan, nhan nhudng, day
liii
tiing bUdc
am
muu
chinh tri quan sU
ciia
quan dpi Tudng va tay sai d mien
B4C.
DUa vao
sdc
manh cua
khd'i
dai doan ket toan dan ung ho Chinh phu
va bao ve nen dpc lap tu do, Chinh phu va Ho Chi Minh da dau tranh
hoa hoan, nhan nhUdng vdi
Tudng
ve kinh te va chinh tri, tranh mpi
hanh dpng khieu khich va xung dot. Huynh Thuc Khang ddng gdp tri
tup cua minh vao dudng
Idi
chinh tri, ngoai giao mem deo ciia Chinh

phii
trong thdi gian nay.
362
"Cu Ho noi vdi Cu Huynh: "Lu Han (Tong tu lenh quan Tudng)
sip
ve nUdc, ma ben Tau hp con trpng do'i trUdng
llm.
Cu cho bo'n chii
de Chinh phu cho di theu cho Lu Han". Cu Huynh
ngit
Idi,
noi hen vdi
Cu Hd:
**Kghi
chi, viet bo'n chii
Bic phUdng
chi cudng la dUdc". Cu Ho
lien khen: hay, hay, hay
llm"^.
Lu Han
chi
hieu nghia cua boh chut nay khong biet dau bo'n
chiJ
tren xuat ngudn tU cau noi cua Mac Dinh Chi:
"Bic
phUdng chi cUdng
du, nam phUdng chi cudng
dU."
Chung lam sao bieu
dUde

y sau
sic ciia
hai nha yeu nUdc Viet Nam am hieu Han van nhUng ciing tham dam
kinh
sii
nUdc Viet, tiep
nd'i
tu tudng va dudng 16'i ngoai giao cua cha
ong ddi vdi
Bic
phUdng.
TrUdc khi phai doan quan sU Tudng rdi Ha Npi, Chinh
phii
ta c6
chieu dai trpng the. Trong biia dd, Lu Han cd y xin Tien si van chUdng
Huynh Thuc Khang mot bai thd ky niem, Huynh Thiic Khang ddng y,
lay but 16ng, mUc va giay viet ngay. Lu Han than phuc, khen hay va
xin them hai bai niia. Huynh Thuc Khang ne
Idi
Hd Chu Tich "chieu
dai"
hai ong tudng Tau (Lu Han va Tieu Van) mot
hiia
no ne
van
chUdng. Day ciing la mot
each
thiic ngoai giao bang van chUdng cua Hd
Chu tich va Huynh Thiic Khang.
Do'i vdi thUc dan Phap, Huynh Thiic Khang la ngUdi hieu da tam

xam
lUdc
cua
chiing
vi chinh ong da
ti^ng
trai qua, da ne'm trai cay
ding
ca nhiing chieu bai chinh tri, quan sU, ngoai giao cua de'
qud'c
thUc dan khi nUdc nha trong dem den no le. Do vay,
Ian
nay, trUdc
nguy cd
nUde
Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa non tre phai dUdng dau vdi
SU xam
lUdc
cua thuc dan Phap
iSn
niia, Huynh Thiic Khang to thai
dp kien quyet iing hp dUdng
16'i
chinh tri, ngoai giao th6ng minh, kheo
leo
nhUng
cUdng
quyet
glut
dpc

l^p
tu do cua Hd Chi Minh. Sau khi
nhan chiic
bp trudng, Huynh Thiic Khang da tra
Idi
nha bao Phap
hoi ong:
8
ChUdng Thau, Huynh
Thiic
Khdng,
Nhd slphuyiu nitdc
(1876-1947), Tap
chi
Nghien ciiu Lich
sii,
1984, so 2(215), tr.56-66.
363
"Neu xay ra chien tranh giiia Phap va Viet Nam, ong bp trUdng c6
tin
ring
Viet Nam se thing
khdng?"^.
Huynh Thiic Khang tra
Idi:
"Chic chin
thing. Tii sau cupc Cach
mang thang Tam do Hd Chu tich lanh dao, dan tpc Viet Nam da do'i
khac nhieu so vdi trUdc kia. Neu xay ra mot cupc
chid'n

tranh nhU ong
noi,
dan tpc Viet Nam da giac ngp se chien dau den gipt mau cuo'i
cting
de bao
vd
To qu6'c.( ) Ong ra dUdng
th^
hoi bat cii ngUdi Viet Nam
nao,
hp ciing tra
Idi
ong nhU
the*'
.
Trong cac cupc ndi chuyen vdi ddng bao, Huynh Thiic Khang keu
gpi ddng bao doan ket sau Chinh phii va Hd Chu tich khang chien
chdng thuc dan Phap xam
lUdc.
Ong phan tich y nghia cua Hiep dinh
sd bp 6 thang 3, Tam Udc 14 thang 9:
"Lay mot nude nhd be mdi gianh lai dpc lap nhU Viet Nam ta choi
vdi mot cUdng qudc, c6'nhien la gay go. Hiep dinh ki ket vdi nUdc ngoai
phai dUdc Hoi ddng Chinh phii chuan y. Trong hoi ddng
^'y
c6 t6i. Anh
em quan tam den viec nUdc nhU the
tdi'rat
kham phuc nhUng cd mot
dieu nen bie't la: Dau ky, dau khdng, quan Phap ciing do bp len

d^'t
ta
theo quyet dinh cua Ddng minh chien thing. Danh Phap tiic la khai
chien vdi Ddng minh, hien gid chiing ta c6 du
siic
lam viec
£i'y
chUa ?
Anh em yen
tri,
hoi ddng Chinh phu khong ban nUdc! Ndi cho bet le
thi ddng dai
llm,
t6i xin tuyen b6' van tat vdi anh em
ring
do chang
qua la mot nUdc cd
ciia
Hd Chu tich vdi ca Phap va Tudng Gidi Thach.
Hd Chii tich la mot tay cao cd. T6i
chic chin
va
anh'em cii
dinh ninh
rdi day the nao minh ciing thing the'.( ) Ky tam Udc 14 thang Chin
vdi Bp trudng Hai ngoai Phap lai la m6t don chinh tri that cao, dat
Viet Nam len ngang hang vdi nUdc Phap tren trudng qudc
te*'^\
TrUdc khi gap Hd Chi Minh, Huynh Thiic Khang vin
luon

cd
tU
tudng cho'ng ngoai xam, phong kien nhung do
di^'u
kien khach quan
va nhiing ban che trong nhan quan
chinh
tri nen "nha
each
mang cong
9
Uy ban trung
Udng mat tr^n
to quoc Viet Nam, Hoi khoa hoc lich
sd,
Chi si
y§u nt/dc
Huynh
Thuc Khdng,
Hh
Noi, 1997, tr.l98.
10
Sdd,
tr.l99.
11
Sdd, tr.200-202.
364
khai, kh6ng dang phai" chua tim dUdc mot chii trUdng, dudng
loi diing
din

de rdi phai "on boa" vdi Phap, keu gpi chinh phii thUc dan cai
each
cho ngUdi dan Viet Nam dd khd hdn. Trong dieu kien mdi, tU tudng
chinh tri ciia ong da thay ddi, 6ng da chuyen tii tU tudng dan chu dang
d the' bi quan khdng 16'i thoat sang tU tudng dan tpc each mang, kien
quyet chdng ngoai xam, bao ve nen dpc lap, tU do, dan chii cua nUdc
nha den hdi thd
cud'i
cung. Su thay ddi nay la qua trinh phat trien cd
tinh npi tai, tiem tien ciia tU tudng dan tpc trong Huynh Thiic Khang
ket hdp vdi dieu kien khach quan
ciia
lich
si
each mang Viet Nam. Su
phat trien cua tU tudng chinh tri phii hdp vdi lich sii, logic, va quy
luat
van dpng cua tU tudng Huynh Thiic Khang.
2.
Tir TirdNG
DAI
DOAN
KET DAN
TOC,
GI0 VUNG
ON DINH
TINH
HINH
TRONG
NlTdC,

CHONG KE THU CHUNG
Huynh Thiic Khang la nha khai sang tU tudng ddng thdi la nha
hoach dinh dUdng 16'i chinh sach va t6
chijfc
nhan dan thUc hien duy
tan, cai bien nen chinh tri - xa hoi Viet Nam
niia
d^u
the ky XX. Ong
lu6n dat vi tri, vai trd cua nhan dan
lao
dpng len tren bet khi dUa ra
cac yeu sach do'i vdi thUc dan phong kien, ddi quyen dan chu cho nhan
dan. NhUng chi trong giai doan tham gia Chinh phu Lien hiep khang
chien, Huynh Thiic Khang mdi thUc sU nhan thay
siic
manh
vi
dai ciia
khd'i
dai doan ket dan tpc chdng
thii
trong, giac ngoai. Vi hanh
phiic
ciia ddng bao, vi tUdng lai
ciia
To qudc, Bp trUdng Huynh Thiic Khang
ra
siic
thUc hien

nhiSng
nhiem vu cap bach. Bpn phan dpng chia re npi
bp Chinh phii: 6ng doan ket; chiing pha hoai: 6ng bao ve; giac ngoai
xam: ong keu gpi ddng bao doan ket quanh chinh phu Hd Chi Minh de
khang chien. Khi Huynh Thiic Khang da tin tudng va nam dUdc chinh
nghia thi ong nhiet tinh, tan tuy, hang say, khong he "cd lai hy".
Hoan canh nUdc ta sau Cach mang Thang Tam gap khd khan, cac
dang phai ddi lap de ra viec thanh lap Chinh phu lien hiep, trong dd
cd thanh phan Viet Minh va thanh phan Viet Qu6'c, Viet Cach; vdi hai
bp chinh la Bp Npi vu va Bp Qudc phong phai
cxi
ngUdi trung
l^p
diing
dau. Ve phia Trung Udng Dang cong san, ddng chi Vo Nguyen Giap de
nghi vdi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va ddng chi TrUdng Chinh nen mdi
365
Huynh Thiic Khang lam Bp trudng Bp Npi vu vi danh tieng va tam
long cua nha yeu nUdc. Ve phia cac dang phai, Nguyen Hai Than cung
chinh thiic mdi Huynh Thiic Khang vi
mud'n
th6ng qua Huynh Thiic
Khang chia bdt quyen hanh vdi Viet Minh. Huynh Thiic Khang da tiep
chuyen Nguyin Hai Than, Nguyin TUdng Tam, mot
s6'thanh
vien ciia
Viet Qu6'c, Viet Cach. Sau khi nghe hp neu ro muc dich mdi Huynh
Thiic Khang ra tham gia chinh phu lien hiep, giii
chiic
Bp trUdng Bp

Npi vu, nghe hp da kich Viet Minh, xuyen tac nhiing viec lam ciia
Chinh
phii
lam thdi, 6ng ndi:
"Toi rat dau long nghe nhiing
Idi
phe nay da kich phe kia, khong
bie't rdi Chinh phu lien hiep c6 thanh lap dUdc kh6ng va neu thanh lap
dUdc thi lam the' nao ma lam viec
c6
hieu qua dUdc? T6i chUa cd chiic
vu gi, ma cd le ciing kh6ng dam nhan mot chiic vu gi trong Chinh
phii.
T6i
chi
theo sU hieu bie't cua minh ma xin anh em dep bd nhiing
dieu nhd nhat gay nen xich mich, de dat quyen
Idi
cua To
qud'c
len
tren bet
Huynh Thiic Khang
tu!
chdi
Idi
mdi hudng thu cupc s6'ng sang
trpng, khuyen hp: "Ngoai ngo, trpm
cudp
dang rinh rap, neu trong nha

anh em bat hoa, xau xe nhau, thi that la hoa
Idn
cho dan tpc. Ben
trong chung ta phai doan ke't de de
phong"^^.
Khuyen can hp khdng dUdc, 6ng thing
thin
chi
trich
:
"ThUa
quy ngai, t6i ndi ngay, t6i dam che quy ngai dom
gin
ma
khdng thay cai
Idn;
bie't bp phan ma khong bie't toan the. T6i dam
chic
tinh trang nay ma keo dai ra niia thi dan Viet Nam chung ta trd lai
lam no le, ma dang cua quy Ngai cung lai lam dang
lUu
vong"^^.
Tu tudng
cue
bp, chdng Viet minh cua cac dang phai da vap phai
mot nhan
each
Idn,
vap
phai'tu tudng

doan ket dan tpc vi van menh
qud'c gia ciia Huynh Thuc Khang.
12
Sdd,
tr.193-194.
13
Sdd,
tr.l91.
14
Nguyin.
Q.
Thing, Huynh Thuc Khdng- Con
nguai
vd tha van,
Phii
quoc vu khanh
dac
trach
van hoa xuat ban, Sai Gon 1972, tr.220.
366
Sau ky hpp Qudc hoi, Chinh
phii
lien hiep khang chien chUa hpp
Ian
nao thi Ph6 chii tich Nguyin Hai Than da trdn sang Trung Qu6'c,
dUdc tin, Huynh Thiic Khang vui
miing
vi 6ng da xet ngUdi khdng sai.
Ong thang than danh gia:
"Tam thUdng llm!

Idp
ngUdi Dong du tii khi cu sao Nam hi bat,
khdng con nghi tdi viec nUdc niia, ma chi lo an than, chUc lam la bai
cho ngoai bang khi nao hp can tdi. Ong Hai Than cung nhU ong CUdng
De tieu bieu cho
Idp
ngUdi dd" .
TrUdc day, Huynh Thiic Khang da
tCfng
mot
Ian
nhiet tinh vie't
thu tra
Idi
Cudng De, ke ro thUc trang xa hoi Viet Nam, hy vpng vao
dpi quan Quang phuc va sU trd
giiip
ciia quan Nhat trong chinh sach
Dai Ddng A va da that vpng thi nay Huynh Thiic Khang da ngay lap
tijtc
nhan ra ban chat ddn hen, mat nhue khi cua
Idp
ngUdi dd. Tii nhan
thiic tren, Huynh Thiic Khang chii trUdng phai ddng long ddng
siic
vdi
cac thanh vien chan chinh trong Chinh phu va toan the ddng bao tieu
diet bpn phan each mang, ban nUdc hai dan.
Nha Nho, nha Duy tan,
Chi

si yeu nUdc each mang Huynh Thiic
Khang da hanh dpng kheo
leo
nhUng cUdng quyet trong cUdng vi
Quyen Chu tich nUdc Viet Nam Dan
chii
Cong hoa trong thdi gian Hd
Chu tich di Phap vdi
chii
trUdng:
"Di
bat bien,
ling
van bien". DUdng
nhien la ben canh 6ng con cd ThUdng vu Trung Udng Dang, cac Bp
trudng,
Thii
trudng cd tai nang, diic dp cung ban
bac,
giai quyet c6ng
viec.
Vdi danh nghia Quyen Chu tich nUdc, Huynh Thiic Khang da ky
117 sic
lenh; dieu khien bp may Chinh phu boat dpng va quyet dinh
nhieu viec trpng dai ciia dat nUdc, trong dd cd chii trUdng kien quye't
tran ap phan
each
mang trong Viet Nam Qud'c dan dang thang 7-1946.
Khdng chi vu an d ph6' On NhU Hau dUdc giai quye't ma con tieu diet
toan bp quan dpi cua Viet Qu6'c, Viet Cach

ttf Vinh
Yen den Yen Bai,
Lao Cai, cai td lai Chinh
phii
Lien hiep khang chien, thanh
tri^
bet bpn
Viet gian phan dpng cd am mUu
lat
dd chinh phu Hd Chi Minh Menh
lenh cua Huynh Thiic Khang trong thdi diem mot mat mot con cua dat
15
Uy ban trung Udng mat
trSn
to quoc Viet Nam, Hoi khoa
hpc
lich
sii,
Chi si yeu
nitdc
Huynh
Thuc Khdng, Ha Noi, 1997, tr.203
367
nUdc "Phai diet chiing nd, bpn nay la bpn phan quo'c" la mot quye't dinh
sang su6't, kip thdi, dap tan am mUu cua thUc dan Phap cau ket vdi
bpn tay sai pha hoai, bao ve
vufng chic
chinh quyen nhan dan, cung c6'
long tin cua nhan dan.
Tudi gia

siic
yeu la mot ban che dang tiec cua mot con ngUdi hanh
dpng nhUng Huynh Thiic Khang kh6ng vi the ma kh6ng phat huy
dUdc
tai nang, tri tue, uy tin va dao
ddc
ddi vdi tinh binh va nhiem vu
each
mang
liic
bay gid dang doi hdi. Huynh Thiic Khang trUdc day von
khong lien minh vdi bat
cii
mot boat dpng nao do mot doan the chinh
tri chii trUdng. Ong tU nhan minh la "nha each mang khdng dang
phai" nhUng tii khi nhan chiic Bp trudng Bp Npi vu. Huynh Thiic
Khang da cong tac than mat vdi nhiing ngUdi Cong san, vdi Viet Minh,
Dang Dan chu va nhiing ngudi yeu nUdc khong dang phai. Huynh
Thiic Khang diing ra van dpng thanh lap mot doan the chinh tri: Hoi
Lien hiep qudc dan Viet Nam, tiic la Mat
trto
Lien Viet - mat tran
doan ket dan tpc, tap hdp dong dao cac
lUc lUdng
yeu nUdc gdm cac
dang
phai
chinh tri, cac t6n giao, cac dan tpc, cac giai cap va ddng bao
cac gidi vao hang ngii chdng Phap. Huynh Thiic Khang dUdc
cii

lam
Hoi trUdng. Day la mot sU thay ddi
Idn
trong nhan thiic va hanh dpng
ciia Huynh Thiic Khang.
Thu keu goi dong bao phu lao khdng chien cua Huynh Thiic
Khang
chiia
dUng long tU bao dan tpc, long yeu que hUdng, dat nUdc
thiet tha va long kinh trpng, than phuc Hd Chii Tich ciia nha chi
si
da
bao phen ne'm trai
cue
khd, cay
ding
nhUng
vIn
khdng khi nao nguoi
nhiet thanh
each
mang. Huynh Thiic Khang keu gpi mpi ngUdi hay dai
doan ket quanh Hd
Chii
tich trong trang mdi cua lich sii dan tpc.
"Rat mong ddng bao quo'c dan ta, khdng
Idn
khdng be, khong tre
kh6ng gia, kh6ng chia giai tang, kh6ng phan dang phai.
ThUdng du, trung thd, khdng c6 mien thap, mien cao; sU sai giao

kh6ng
CO
cUdp
nUdc ta.
1
fi
do,
khdng c6 dao nay dao khac" ddng tam nhat tri danh dudi giac
16 Chuong
Thau, Tha van Huynh Thiic Khdng, NXB Da Nang, tr.l58.
368
Trong tinh the khang chien biing nd, nhan dan ta se phai diing
trUdc muon van khd khan gian khd, Huynh Thiic Khang da khdng
quan siic yeu ciia tudi gia cung
cdkh6'i
doan ket, len tieng canh bao va
cd thai dp nghiem
khic
vdi nhiing ke con md tudng mudn cong tac vdi
Phap,
di ngUdc lai con dUdng ciia
each
mang Viet Nam:
"Toi noi, vi nao khdng nghe, di ngUdc vdi nhan dan va khang
chien, tiep tay cho ke thu, tdi se nhan danh Chinh pnii thang tay
17
trufng
tri thi diing c6 trach."
Nhiing biic dien van giii Hd Chii tich, anh em binh
si,

anh em cac
dang phai, ton giao trUdc khi Huynh Thiic Khang ta the bieu thi ro
rang mot quan diem dau tranh vi dpc
l$p
dan tpc va tU do, dan chii cho
nhan dan vdi long yeu nUdc sau
sic,
tinh cam trong sang hUdng ve
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh. Cho den hdi thd cu6'i cung, ngUdi chi
si
yeu
nUdc
vIn
khong quen ddng bao, kh6ng quen T6
Qu6'c
va dat ca niem
tin vao
siic
manh doan ket dan tpc dUdi sU lanh dao sang suot ciia Hd
Chii tich.
Ong da hdn mot
Ian
ca ngdi Hd Chi Minh vdi tU each la ngUdi ciing
boat dpng trong phong trao yeu nUdc dau the' ky XX, viia la ngUdi dan
ciia mot nUdc dpc lap ca ngdi vi lanh tu cua minh. Ong nhan ra vai trd
lich
sxi
ciia Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi van menh cua dan tpc ta. Huynh Thiic
Khang da ca ngdi, than phuc Hd Chu tich
bing nhufng Idi

le bet siic
ndng nhiet "Gidi, gidi that! Chinh tri, ngoai giao, kinh te', ca quan sU
gdm du! Cu Hd that la gidi dii mat! Mot dieu la niia la cu thay trUdc
mpi viec va thay rat xa, nhu c6 cap mat cua nha tien tri" .
Huynh Thiic Khang mac
dii
benh nang,
siic
yeu nhUng khi ndi
ve
each
mang, ndi ve Hd Chii tich thi ong ndi mot each say sUa quen
ca
mdt.
"XUa nay, nUdc ta khong thieu anh
hiing,
nhUng nhiing anh hung
thud trUdc, khi keu gpi chdng ngoai xam, thUdng chi nhan manh mot
17
Uy ban trung
irong
mat
trim td
quoc Viet Nam, Hoi khoa hoc lich sii, Chi si yeu
nUdc
Huynh
Thuc Khdng, Ha Noi, 1997,
tr.2l3.
18
Sdd, tr.202.

369
viec,
la cam gUdm
siing
giet giac, dudi giac. NgUdi anh hung ciia dan
tpc ta ngay nay la Hd Chu tich thi cung mot
liic
keu gpi lam ba viec:
ch6'ng giac ngoai xam, ch6'ng giac ddi, chd'ng giac dot
Nghi
ra dUpc ba
viec do va phat dpng dUdc toan dan thUc hien ba viec dd thanh mot
phong trao s6i ndi ram rp trong toan qu6'c that la gidi! gidi
lam! "!^
Ldi
nhin
nhii
cudi
ciing ciia Huynh Thuc Khang nhu
Idi due
ket ca cupc ddi lam
each
mang ciing nhU niem hy vpng vao
each
mang ciia 6ng.
"Mong anh em hang hai hdn niia, nhat dinh khdng de cho dan
toe
ta bi trong vao ach thUc dan mot
Ian
nufa."

"Chu nghia gi ciing
ching
nen trd neu con la dan n6 le. Mong anh
em hay thuc hien ngay dai doan ket chung quanh Chu tich Hd chi
Minh, vi anh
hiing
xuat chung, vi anh hiing cua dan tpc.
T6n giao ciing vay. NgUdi ta noi ton giao kh6ng c6 qu6'c gidi. Toi
cung tin nhu vay. Hdn niia toi tin sau nay rdi cai gi ciing kh6ng c6 qu6'c
gidi.
NhUng ngay ay con
xa."2i
Huynh Thiic Khang mat tai Quang Ngai ngay 21-4-1947, thp 71
tudi.
Ca nUdc da cii hanh le truy dieu td long thUdng tiec va biet dn
nha chi
si
suot ddi tan tuy vi To quo'c.
Dae diem cd ban, nhiing bieu hien,
nhufng
hanh dpng yeu nUdc cua
Huynh Thiic Khang d nhiing giai doan lich sii khac nhau cd diem
tUdng ddng nhUng ciing c6 diem khac biet. Diem chung nhat, xuyen
su6't va chi phdi toan bp tu tudng yeu nUdc ciia Huynh Thiic Khang la
tu tUdng qudc gia, dan tpc va nhan dan. Chinh dac diem nay da thoi
thiic Huynh Thuc Khang
tii
chdi cho'n quan trUdng phong kien day
riy
nhiing thoi quan lieu, tham nhiing, hoc lot de de'n tiep thu va hanh

19
Sdd,
tr.206-207.
20
Sdd, tr,147.
21
Sdd, tr,148.
370
dpng theo khuynh hUdng, trao
lUu
tU tudng mdi - tU tudng dan chu tU
san. Tu tudng yeu nUdc theo khuynh hUdng dan chu tU san cua ong
ciing
dUde
xay dUng tren nhan thiic ve vai trd cua nhan dan, tii do ong
va cac nha yeu
nUde
khac ciing chi hUdng dUa ra cac chii trUdng, tien
hanh hang
loat
cac boat dpng
nhim
"khai dan tri, chan dan khi,
h^u
dan sinh", hy vpng dUa
nUde
nha ra khdi canh den tdi. Cac bieu hien
khac nhau ciia tU tudng yeu nUdc cua Huynh Thiic Khang trUdc
each
mang Thang Tam, trUdc khi gap Hd Chi Minh the hien sU bien chuyen

hdp 16gic trong tu tudng ciia ong, ddng thdi ciing thay ro sU bien chuy-
en nhanh ciia phong trao yeu
nUde
Viet Nam dau the ky XX. Huynh
Thiic Khang la hien than cua
Idp
ngUdi nhiet thanh yeu
nUde
Viet Nam
dau
theky,
da
th^
nghiem nhUng chUa tim ra mot phUdng thiic phii hdp
de giai quye't van de cua lich sxi dan tpc. Su be
tic
trong tU tudng va
hanh dpng cua Huynh Thiic Khang, Phan Bpi Chau minh chiing cho
sU be
tic,
khung hoang, bat
lUc
ciia he tU tudng Viet Nam dau the ky.
Trong giai doan tii thang 9-1945 den khi ta the' thang 4-1947,
trong tu tudng va hanh dpng cua Huynh Thiic Khang da cd sU bie'n ddi
r^'t
Idn,
cd the xem nhU sU bien ddi ve chat. Tu tudng chinh tri cua
Huynh Thuc Khang chuyen tii tU tudng qud'c gia dan tpc be
tic

sang
chu nghia dan tpc
each
mang. Ve cd ban Huynh Thiic Khang da thay
ddi quan diem chinh tri. Ong da iing hp chinh phu each mang, da di
theo
each
mang, tin tUdng vao tUdng lai cua chii nghia Mac - Lenin,
nhUng van nhan manh thUc trang hien thdi cua Viet Nam con nhieu
viec can phai lam trUdc de giii gin dpc lap nen
cin
c6 mot chinh sach
npi chinh, ngoai giao kh6n kheo. Su chuyen bien ve tU tudng nay la do
Huynh Thiic Khang yeu nUdc, thUdng dan, chd'ng de quo'c va phong
kien,
thue
sU mu6'n mang hanh
phiic
tU do de'n cho nhan dan nen da
cong tac vdi Hd Chi Minh, da de'n vdi con dudng ciia chu nghia xa bpi.
Trong
liic
la cd cua cac nha chi
si
duy tan tudng chiing phai hudng
xuohg, phai hi ha guc trUdc ddn thii ciia
de
qudc, phong kien thi Huynh
Thiic Khang c6'giii lai cai thuy chung bat khuat ciia cac nha Nho yeu
371

nUdc thiet tha vdi sU nghiep giai phdng dan tpc. Tu tudng yeu nUdc cua
Huynh Thiic Khang ciing nhu mpi nhan td tich cue trong con ngUdi
6ng da dUdc Hd Chi Minh nhan ro va phat huy tao nen sU chuyen bien
trong tu tudng va lap trUdng chinh tri, xoa bd mac cam qua
khii,
tao
nen mot hinh anh the hien sinh dpng tinh
thin
dai doan ket dan tpc,
vi dpc lap tu do cua To qudc, vi hanh phuc
ciia
nhan dan. Huynh Thiic
Khang tUa nhU mot gach noi, gach chuyen tiep giiia tU tudng quo'c gia
dan tpc cai
lUdng
vdi tU tudng dpc lap dan tpc
each
mang, tien len chu
nghia xa hoi d Viet Nam
nc(a
dau the ky XX ma chat tao nen gach noi
do la tu tudng va hanh dpng vi dan vi nUdc ciia cac nha yeu nUdc, nha
each
mang Viet Nam.
372