chuyển dịch cơ cấu kinh tế nông nghiệp ở tỉnh thanh hóa trong giai đoạn 2000-2010 ban tóm tắt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION

1. Necessity of the thesis title
Thanh Hoa is a province with economic potential and strength in
agricultural production. With 89.9% of the population living in rural area and
69.4% of the laborers working in agriculture (2010), agricultural production plays
an important role in the socio-economic development of the province. In recent
period, agricultural production of Thanh Hoa province has had thorough
developing steps with lots of achievements, contributing to the stability and
improvement of people’s lives.
However, the development of agriculture in Thanh Hoa province still has a
lot of limitations and the industry has not been proportional with potential and
strength of the province. There are lots of reasons for this limitation, outstanding
among which are investment shortage of capital and scientific technology, lack of
infrastructure, knowledge and management capacity, etc. especially there is a
shortage of reasonable economic structure. Therefore, restructuring of agricultural
and rural economy is one of the essential issues in solving difficulties and
challenges that Thanh Hoa rural area in innovation period, and propose some
directions for agricultural development of the province in the future.
2. Literature review
Economic structure and economic restructuring takes special attention of
managers and scientists. In Vietnam, economic structure plays a crucial role in
economic development and growth as well as social development. So far, there
have been many research works studying about economic structure and economic
restructuring. These works all focus on clarifying concepts of economic structure
and economic restructuring in the industrialization and modernization of Vietnam
basing on experiences of economic restructuring of economies in the world,
especially developing economies, many researchers has studied agriculture
economic structure and economic restructuring in both theoretical and practical

viewpoints. However, currently there is still a need to continue clarifying many
theoretical and practical matters such as nature of agricultural economy,
agricultural economic structure contents and factors impact the establishment and
restructuring agricultural economy.
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3. Objectives, duties and limits of the research
3.1. Objectives
Interpret the restructuring process of agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa
province in 2000-2010, and then propose some directions and solutions for
restructuring agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa province until 2020 in efficient
and sustainable direction.
3.2. Research duties
- Summarize theoretical and practical basis about restructuring
agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa province;
- Analyze the restructuring process of agricultural economy in Thanh
Hoa province during period 2000-2010;
- Propose some directions and solutions for restructuring agricultural
economy in Thanh Hoa province until 2020 in efficient and sustainable direction.
3.3. Scope of the research
Content: Researching subject of the titles is agriculture in Thanh Hoa
province (in broaden meaning, this includes agriculture, forestry and maritime), in
which restructuring process of agricultural economy, clarifying the restructuring
agricultural economy basing on fields and territory in Thanh Hoa in period 2000-
2010 are focused:
Researching time: The research limits in restructuring agricultural economy
in Thanh Hoa province in period from 2000 t 2010 and direction to 2020.
Researching space: The research covers all territory of Thanh Hoa province
with 27 administrative units.
4. Research perspectives and methodology

4.1. Research perspectives
The thesis is studied basing on perspectives such as perspective of territory
synthetics, systematic perspective, perspective of sustainable development; and
perspective of prospect history. Basing on these, the thesis applies methods such
as data statistic and process in the office, systematic analysis, map method and
geographic information system (GIS); and field investigation.
5. Contribution of the thesis
- Inherit, supplement and clarify theoretical and practical matters about
restructuring agricultural economy to apply in Thanh Hoa province.
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- Define criteria to assess the restructuring agricultural economy in
Thanh Hoa province in period 2000-2010 by assessing impacting factors and
actual situation of the restructuring agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa province
basing on defined criteria;
- Propose some specific solutions to contribute to the promotion of
restructuring agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa province until 2020 efficiently
and sustainably.
6. Thesis structure
This thesis is divided into 3 chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical
basis of restructuring agricultural economy; Chapter II: Impacting factors and
restructuring process of agricultural economy in Thanh Hoa in innovation period;
Chapter III: Orientation and solutions of restructuring agricultural economy in
Thanh Hoa province until 2020.


Chapter I
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS
ABOUT THE RESTRUCTURING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY
1. THEORETICAL BASIS

1.1.1. Concepts
1.1.1.1. Economic structure
Economic structure or system is a composited from many factors in
economy that presents the content and method of components that have organic
relationship and interaction in term of quantity (measured by the percent rate of
the factors in the whole economy) and in quality (measured by the tight or loose
level of the connection among the factors integrating the economy system) among
the spaces and historical socio- economic conditions which has the orientation to
their certain target.
1.1.1.2. Transformation of economy structure
Transformation of economy structure is considered the progress of the
economy structure to move from one status to another that matches with the
certain development conditions. The process is simply not only a position change
but also change in both quality and quantity of compositions’ economy structure.
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1.1.1.3. Agricultural Economics:
Agriculture is regarded the economics that producing the basic material of
human society. In the general meaning, agricultural economics includes
agricultural practice (agriculture), forestry production (forest),
1.1.1.4. Agricultural economics structure:
Agricultural economics structure is integrated relations in agricultural
production and organic relation in both quality and quantity of the sectors in
Agriculture- Forestry and Fishery. The interaction continuously perfect and
develop in the relative sustainability and in the close relation that impacts and
mutually depend among factors defined by the proportion between quality and
quantity.
1.1.1.5. Agricultural economy structure transformation
Agricultural economy structure transformation is considered the
development of components in agricultural economy in the objective principles by

the human’s impact on the factors for certain target, which is a process of
changing factors and relation among the factors formed the agricultural economy
in countryside. Agricultural economy structure transformation is the process of
transferring comprehensively both industrial structure, the territorial structure and
1.1.2. The factors impacts on the process of agricultural economy
structure
The factors impacts on the process of agricultural economy structure
including (1) natural factors: geographical location, natural conditions such as
terrain, climate, water, land and creature (2) socio-economic factors: guideline-
policy, invest capital, technology, workforce, infrastructure, urbanization and
modernization.
1.1.3. The assessment criteria of the agricultural economy includes
General criteria such as: (1) the total of productive value is a criteria
reflecting the result of production activity in industry measured by the total
productive value of integrated productive value in the certain time (measured
following the factual cost) (2) the growth rate of productive value, the criteria
reflects whether the production development is fast, slow or effective (3)
productivity reflects skill of workforce, the duration to apply advanced technology
in the production. (4) Structure of labor use (5) structure of agricultural land use
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(6) effectiveness of land use measured by the proportion between productive value
and area under cultivation.
The group of assessment criteria of agricultural economy transformation in
terms of industry includes: (7) the transformation of agriculture- forestry- fishery:
the agricultural economy structure, the forestry economy structure, the fishery
economy structure.
The group of assessment criteria of agricultural economy transformation in
terms of territory includes: (8) the assessment of agricultural economy
transformation in terms of territory following farming (9) the assessment criteria

of agricultural economy transformation in terms of territory following the
specialized farming area (10) the assessment criteria of agricultural economy
transformation in terms of territory following the ecological agricultural sub-
region
I.2 PRACTICAL BASIS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC
STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION
1.1.2 Introduction about sector and territorial agricultural economy
structure transformation in Vietnam for period 2000-2010
The Agricultural- Forestry- Aquaculture economic structure is transforming
from a seft supply economy to a commodity production economy, improve the
productivity, quality, and efficiency associates with the domestic and exportation
demand. The sector structure transforms by reducing the proportion of agriculture
and forestry, increasing the proportion of aquaculture. The territorial agricultural
economy structure transforms by forming intensive cultivation areas, mass
commodity production areas, develop cooperative enterprises, and organize
modern territorial agriculture production areas.
1.2.2 Introduction about sector and territorial agricultural economy
structure transformation in North Central period 200-2010
The Agricultural- Forestry- Aquaculture economic structure in the North
Central is transforming clearly towards reducing the proportion of agriculture and
increasing the proportion of aquaculture. The territorial structure is more and more
appropriate with the formation of collective production areas, intensive mass
production areas, and cooperative enterprises develop quickly.
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Chapter II:
THE FACTORS AND THE PROCESS OF AGRICULTURAL
STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN THANH HOA PROVINCE IN
THE PERIOD OF 2000-2010
2.1. The factors

+ Thanh Hoa’s geographical location has enabled agriculture to have the
large market, exchange science technology as well as experience in production.
+ Natural conditions together with the natural resources make it relatively
convenient for developing diversified agricultural products for provincial market
and export such as livestock products (buffalo, cow, pig), short-term industrial
crops (cane, peanut), seafood…at the same time for creating the concentrated
production area on the large scale and expanding farming economy.
+ The guideline and policy for development of Party and State and Thanh
Hoa’s province which has been creating more motives for the process of the
transformation of agricultural structure economic, making it convenient for raising
invest capital as well as technology and improving the system of infrastructure
structure, technical, mechanization, hóa học hóa, sinh học hóa, in production,
harvest, consumption of the agricultural products is regarded as a favorable factor
to push the more faster, reasonable and effective transformation of agricultural
economics structure.
+ As a densely-populated province with abundant workforce being
experienced in agricultural production, which both facilitates the process of the
plan and animal structure transformation, crop structure and creates large market.
Together with the urbanization and modernization process occurring gradually in
the area, Thanh Hoa’s agriculture-forestry-fishery is in good condition to create
the productive structure towards commodity with qualified products, high
economic efficiency in replace of traditional products.
2.2. The transformation of agricultural economics structure in Thanh
Hoa province in the period of innovation.
2.2.1. Overview of the economic development in Thanh Hoa province in
the period of 2000-2010
After 20 years of innovation, Thanh Hoa’s economy has been gradually
stable and developed. People’s lives are improved and social issues are dealt with.
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In comparison with whole nation, the trend of Thanh Hoa’s transformation
of economic structure in the period of 2000-2010, however, slows down but more
progressive than North Central. The economic territorial economy structure
intends to transfer by exploiting the potentials and strengths of sub- region
effectively.
2.2.2. The changes of agricultural area under cultivation in Thanh Hoa
province in the period of 1995-2010.
The trend of changing in the agricultural land square in Thanh Hoa province
in the period of 2000-2010 is to cut down on the rice-cultivated area together with
low economic efficiency, increase the cultivated surface of industrial crops,
vegetables, aquaculture and other plans.
2.2.3. The transformation of the agriculture- forestry- fishery economics
structure in terms of industry
2.2.3.1. The transformation of economic structure in agriculture
Agriculture, a major productive sector, absolutely accounts for proportion in
Thanh Hoa’s productive value of agriculture-forestry-fishery. In the recent years,
the proportion of agricultural productive value has started to go down but the trend
occurs relatively slow. The economic structure in the intra-industry transfers by
increasing gradually livestock proportion and agricultural services. The proportion
of the productive value of live stock and agricultural service, however, has still
been low and the rate of transformation slows. The cultivation crop has started to
reduce the proportion but makes up absolutely.
The cultivation crop which has reduced the proportion from 80,801% to
70,7% in 2010 played decisive role in the agricultural development making
contribution to meet the people’s demand for food, fruits and vegetables in the
province, supplying materials resources for the processing industry and exports;
production value structure shifts towards rapidly increasing areas of advantageous
plants, market consumption and economic values. Production value structure shifts
towards increasing greatly the proportion of plants with high economic efficiency.
However, comparing to potential and strengths of the province, agriculture

restructuring has been quite slow, trees with valuable commodity’s shift level
(industrial trees, vegetables and fruit trees) has not been high. Food crops still
accounts for absolute proportion, the proportion of other trees has been quite low
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Husbandry increases the proportion from 17.3% in 2000 to 26.6% in 2010,
which is higher than the average proportion of the whole country (25.1%) but still
lower than that of Nghe An Province (41.4%) in 2010 and North Central 33.2%
which are the provinces with the same development conditions. Husbandry
transforms from household enterprises to collective farm enterprises with medium
and large scale, however that is till could not match the advantages and potentials
of the sector. The livestock structure has positive change towards satisfying the
market demand, improving the product value by reducing the proportion of
livestock breeding and increasing the bird breeding, non-slaughtered products,
goat, hose, bee, and specialty breeding to satisfy the market demand.
In 2000, the livestock breeding 71.7% will account for 57.2% by 2010,
while bird breeding will increase from 11.4% to 23.3%; non-slaughtered products
will increase from 2.0% to 2.1%, other products such as goat, hose, bee, and
specialty breeding have high economic efficiency, satisfying the market demand-
increase from 14.9% to 17.4%.
Agricultural services innitially develop, and increase from 2% in 2000 to
2.74% in in 2010. The trend of increasing proportion in agricultural services is
consistent with the development of agricultural comodity production which
requires important contribution of service activities in order to increase the
product value. However, the agricultural services is just on the first step of
development process with insignificant contribution to the production value of
entire sector.
2.2.3.2 Aquaculture economic structure transformation
In the period 2000-2010, the production value of aquaculture sector
increases from 12.5% in 2000 t 13.4% in 2010 in the structure of Agricultural-

Forestry-and Aquaculture. In2000 total production value was 669 billion Dong; in
2010 it reached 3015 billion Dong. The average growth rate for period 2001-2005
obtained 11%/year, for period 2006-2010 obtained 7.6 %/year.
The sector economic structure transforms towards reducing the proportion
of fishery exploitation and services, increasing the proportion of aquatic
cultivation. The proportion of exploitation sector reduces from 73% in 1995 to
60.5% in 2005 and 60.4% in 2010; fishery service reduce from7.5% in 1997 to
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2.6% in 2010. The proportion of aquatic cultivation increase from 19.5% in 1995
to 37.01% in 2010.
In the aquaculture sub-branches, the transformation also occurs towards
increasing the proportion of efficient products which have high economic value
and ensure the ecology environment, expand and strengthen the investment in
intensive farming improvements and semi-intensive aquatic cultivation, focus on
aquatic products with high economic value on rivers, lakes, and costal areas, at the
same time, newly build and improve fighing ships of high capacity, provide
equipment for offshore fishing.
2.2.3.3 Forestry economic structure transformation
With more than 2/3 natural area of hills and mountains, Thanh Hoa province
has quite large forest and forestland, which plays an important role in upstream
protection and forest economic development; this is an important basis for the
forestry economic structure transformation.
In the recent period of time, the forestry sector of Thanh Hoa develops quite
comprehensively including planting, exploiting, and forestry services.
The proportion of forestry in the Agriculture- Forestry- Aquaculture
structure reduces from 8.3% in 1995 to 8.2% in 2000, 6.6% in 2005, and now it
tends to increase by 7.5% in 2010. The average growth rate of production value in
period 1996-2010 obtained 5%/year, the rate is highest in the period 1996-2010
(8%/year).

2.2.4 Territorial agricultural economic structure transformation in Thanh
Hoa period 2000-2010
Besides the sector economic structure transformation, the teritorial
economic structure also has transforms towards exploiting theadvantages and
potentials of each locality, forming intensive and material agricultural production
areas serving the processing industry. The territorial agricultural organization is
developed and completed better and better, in which the most popular forms
include household enterprises, cooperative enterprises, intensive farming areas,
and agricultural cultivation subareas.
2.2.4.1 The separation of territorial production and territorial economic
structure transformation for Agriculture- Forestry- and Aquaculture in Thanh
Hoa
Basing on the difference in graphic conditions as well as residential, labor,
production customs, and other conditions, the agriculture territory of Thanh Hoa is
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divided into Agriculture- Forestry- and Aquaculture subareas: Coastal region,
delta region, and midland & mountain region [115]:
- Coastal region: include 6 district along the beach from Nga Son, Hau Loc,
Hoang Hoa, Sam Son, Quang Xuong, and Tinh Gia, accounting for 11.1% of the
province total area, 31.62% of the province population.
- This is the area with huge potential for developing cultivation, bird
breeding, and especially aquatic cultivation… The land is mainly sand soil, salt
soil, a few amounts of sunken fields, the water source changes seasonally.
In the recent times, coastal area has the rapid growth in agriculture, making
a contribution of 29,4 % productive value of agriculture-forestry-fishery as
calculated and over 80% productive value of fishery sector
In agricultural structure in the area, agriculture is a sector that accounts for
the large proportion, over 65% total of productive value, the fishery sector
accounts for 30,9%, and agriculture is less than 1%.

The regional plan structure is in form of multi-cultivation that is transferring
by increasing the importance of short-term industrial crops. Legumes take place
for plans with the low productivity (… ). The area has created specialized farming
areas such as rice (Hoang Hoa, Quang Xuong), legumes (hau loc, Hoang Hoa,
Tinh Gia, Quang Xuong), ….(Nga Son, Tinh Gia, Hoang Hoa, Hau Loc) .
Cooperativeenterprises develop strongly.
The costal districts concentrate aquaculture economy for the whole
province, including breeding, exploiting, and fishery logistics services. Especially
the exploiting, processing, aquatic cultivation. The coastal districts account for
100% of the area, productivity, and value.The aquaculture output (exploitation and
breeding) in 2010 obtains 63,104 tons accounting for 85.8% of the total qauculture
output of the whole province (increase 2.8 times in comparision with 2000). The
proportion of aquaculture continues increasing in the regional structure and in
comparision with other areas
- Delta Region: This region includes 10 districts as follows: Tho Xuan,
Thieu Hoa, Yen Dinh, Dong Son, Vinh Loc, Trieu Son, Nong Cong, Ha Trung,
Thanh Hoa city and Bim Son compared to 1904, 98 km2 nature areas (accounted
for 17.1% in total area of the province)
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This area has many advantages for the development of comprehensive
economy in general and agriculture in particular, contributed 43.2% in Output
value of agriculture, forestry and fishery, Agriculture accounts for a large
proportion and little variation (95.3% in 2010). Therefore, actually, economic
restructuring is only small changes in the proportion of forestry and fisheries.
Agricultural production has many positive changes towards goods
production, converting crop structure, expanding the area of early season rice land
create land, the time available to expand production of winter crops, turning winter
crops into main production and developing cattle and poultry breeding. Forming
intensive agriculture emphasis with high quality in some districts as follows: Tho

Xuan, Trieu Son, Dong Son, Ha Trung, Nong Cong…, Corn-growing areas are
centralized in districts such as: Dong Son, Tho Xuan; Sugarcane-growing areas are
in Tho Xuan, Nong Cong, Ha Trung. Vegetable and fruits-growing areas are
forming in Thanh Hoa city, towns and sub towns; Beef breeding in Tho Xuan,
Dong Son, Nong Cong, Peri-urban areas and industrial zones, economic zones; pig
breeding areas focusing on farm models associated with the processing industry in
large peri-urban areas and some districts as follows: Hau Loc, Nong Cong, Tho
Xuan, Dong Son, Yen Dinh, Thieu Hoa, Thieu Son, Ha Trung, Vinh Loc…
Midland and Mountain Region: Midland and Mountain Region includes 11
districts in midlands and mountains such as Nhu Xuan, Nhu Thanh, Thuong Xuan,
Lang Chanh, Ba Thuoc, Quan Hoa, Quan Son, Muong Lat, Ngoc Lac, Cam Thuy
and Thach Thanh account for 71.8% in natural area of the province, 4.6% in
population, and 6.9% in total domestic product of the province; Output value of
agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for 23.3% in 2000, in 2010 this output
value accounts for 27.4%.
In 2010, proportion of the value of agricultural production accounts for
74.2%, proportion of forestry production value accounts for 23.4% (accounts for
87.0% of the province), and proportion of the value of aquaculture production
accounts for 2.4%.
Structure of agriculture - forestry - fishery in each region are gradually
transforming towards the production of goods, forming a number of areas such as
industrial crops: sugarcanes, rubbers, material paper areas… Developing rapidly
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of forestation, Industrial plants, and fruit plans farms and cattle breeding forms
regional production centers, such as: peanuts, oranges, lemons, pineapples.
Proportion of forestry sector production value accounts for absolutely and
continues to increase compared to other regions. Besides that, due to the
development of material areas such as: sugarcanes, pineapples, specialized areas
of rubbers, corns, farm economic development are developing proportion of

cultivation, animal breeding sector production value, contributing greatly to the
economic development of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in the province,
improving people’s income and living standard.
Specialized areas of industrial plants and animal breeding sector are
considerably developed to supply materials for processing facilities serving the
consumption needs in the domestic market and exports.
2.2.4.2 Forms of territorial organization of agriculture -forestry-fishery
primarily in Thanh Hoa in the period of time from 2000 to 2010.
a. Households
Along with the process of economic restructuring, households is tending to
reduce in number, expand production scale, reduce the number of forestry,
agriculture households and increase the number of fisheries production
In 2000, the total number of agriculture -forestry-fishery households was
626,262; in 2005, this number decreased about 625,622; in 2010 there were
625,065 households with 2,806,761 members (accounted for 82% of population in
the province), the labor work in agriculture -forestry-fishery area is 1,219,006
people (accounted for 60.6% in total employees operating in national economy).
b. Farms
In the past period, farm economy in Thanh Hoa develops rapidly and
achieves many positive achievements, promotes agriculture -forestry-fishery
restructuring towards commodity production more and more reasonably, initially
exploits, promotes potential, strengths in the province.
In 2000, the number of farms in Thanh Hoa is about 1,867 farms, to 2010;
the total number of farms is about 4,146 in which farms of annual trees growing
are 1,282; farms of perennial trees growing are 234; animal breeding farms are
767; aquaculture farms are 590 and integrated farms are 1,274
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Farm development contributes to job creation, income increase for
employees. At present, provincial farms are using approximately 44,328

employees in an average of 11 workers / farm.
c. Specialized areas
Comparing to small, scattered, spontaneous production in the past, at present
production organization and territory of agriculture -forestry-fishery in Thanh Hoa
province has positive changes for the formation of the specialized areas,
centralized and large-scale production directed at some products with high
economic value
Specialized areas in Thanh Hoa province are formed based on the similarity
of the production conditions such as land fund and soil properties, other ecological
conditions, manufacturing experience of workers, market demand… also
associated with the processing industry (material production areas associated with
processing industry)
* Sugarcane-cultivation areas:
With the advantage of sugarcanes development associated with sugarcane -
sugar industry, Thanh Hoa forms 3 specialized areas providing materials for sugar
processing plants: Lam Son (Tho Xuan), Nong Cong and Viet Dai (Thach Thanh).
The area of 3 specialized areas accounts for 95% of the total sugarcanes area of the
province
* Rice-growing areas with high productivity
Economic restructuring in agriculture -forestry-fishery Sectors in Thanh
Hoa has lead to the appearance of rice-growing areas with high productivity and
quality which has transformed from traditional rice cultivation to commercial rice
production to meet market demand.
In 2000, the total rice area of province is about 257,000 ha in which there
are a few rice-growing areas with high productivity and quality accounted for 4-
5%. To 2010, intensive rice cultivation high productivity, quality and efficiency
have formed in Thanh Hoa with 75,000ha (accounted for 30% in total cultivated
areas) in some districts as follows: Yen Dinh, Tho Xuan, Thieu Hoa, Quang
Xuong, Hoang Hoa, Dong Son…
* Corn-growing areas

Compared to traditional rice cultivation method in the past, at present corn-
growing areas with high quality have formed in Thanh Hoa in order to enhance the
value of corn production, bring back employees’ income, supply market demand
and turn the corns into crop commodities. Corn production areas with high quality
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develop in some districts as follows: Tho Xuan, Vinh Loc, Dong Son, Yen Dinh,
Cam Thuy, Thieu Hoa.
* Vegetables, beans goods growing areas
A long with plant restructuring, safe vegetable production areas centralized
in large-scale in Thanh Hoa has formed and developed in order to serve urban
areas, industrial zones, economic zones in which the most significant zones are:
Thanh Hoa city’s vegetable production areas with 89 ha scale belongs to 3
communes: Quang Thang, Quang Thanh (Quang Xuong), Dong Cuong (Dong
Son); Thieu Hoa district’s vegetable production areas with 125 ha scale belongs to
communes: Van Ha, Thieu Tan, Thieu Khanh, Thieu Duong; production areas
with 180 ha scale belongs to Lam Son Sugar Cane Joint Stock Corporation; Hoang
Hoa district’s vegetables, beans production areas with 178 ha scale belongs to
communes: Hoang Trinh, Hoang Ly, Hoang Hop, Hoang Giang, Hoang Kim; Tinh
Gia district’s vegetable production areas with 360 ha scale belongs to communes:
Hai Hoa, Xuan Lam, Binh Minh, Nguyen Binh, Truong Lam, Hai Linh, Hai
Ninh…
* Rush Growing areas
Rush material areas with 4,500ha area in coastal districts such as: Nga Son,
Quang Xuong attached with associated with the restoration of processing village
and products export from rush, the branding for Nga Son rush items
* Pineapple growing areas
Pineapple growing areas has formed in Thanh Hoa serving for Nhu Thanh
plant’s pineapple processing with 3,150 ha scale, centralized mainly in several
commune of 4 districts such as: Nhu Xuan, Nhu Thanh, Thieu Son, and Tinh

Gia…
* Centralized animal breeding areas:
There are many assertions, policies in Thanh Hoa due to the animal breeding
development on industry trend, animal breeding according to value chains,
sustainable animal breeding associated with environmental protection, and
centralized animal breeding areas are formed such as: Yen Dinh pigs breeding (11
farms), Hoang Hoa (6 farms), Thieu Hoa (5 farms), Thanh Hoa city, Thach
Thanh…; poultry breeding in some districts as follows: Hoang Hoa, Quang
Xuong, Tinh Gia, Thieu Hoa, Yen Dinh, Vinh Loc, Ha Trung…; buffalos and
cows breeding in some districts as follows: Ngoc Lac, Ba Thuoc, and Lang
Chanh…
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2.3 General assessment of the agricultural economic structure
transformation in Thanh Hoa in innovating period
- Thanh Hoa province has potential advantages for a varied and productive
industry development which not any local in the country have had in order to
create favorable conditions for agricultural economic structure development
reasonably in terms of sectors and territories; exploit and promote efficiently
potentials and strengths; make the agricultural production value higher and higher,
make an important contribution in the process of socio-economic development of
the province.
- Similar to the process of agricultural economic structure transformation in
the country and North Central; the economic structure transformation of
agriculture -forestry-fishery in Thanh Hoa in the period of time from 2000 to 2010
is more and more reasonable with the mainstream is transferring from subsistence,
self-sufficiency agriculture to goods production meeting market demand
- Changes in agricultural land in province take place in the direction of
reducing the proportion areas of inefficient soils and increasing the proportion
areas of efficient soils, contribute to the reasonable usage and agricultural land

resources protection in which the most significant actions are: reducing less
productive rice areas and increasing industrial plants areas sugarcanes, rubbers,
groundnuts, soybeans…
- The sector economic structure as transformed by reducing the proportion
of agriculture, increasing the proportion of fisheries, reducing the proportion of
agriculture, increasing the proportion of animal breeding, reducing the proportion
of food crops, increasing the proportion of industrial crops, food plants, fruit
trees…
+ Agriculture tends to transform by reducing the proportion of planting
sector and increasing the proportion of animal breeding clearly.
+ Aquaculture tends to transform by increasing the proportion of products
with high commercial value, exploiting more and more reasonably strengths and
potential of the sector and the ecological environmental protection such as:
shrimps, crabs, clams, tuna fishing, squid fishing…
+ Structure of the forestry sector tends to transform from exploiting to
planting and forest protection more and more reasonably, incorporating
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agriculture-forestry - fisheries in order to bring high production value to
employees in the Western Midlands and Mountain Area of the province
- Agricultural territorial structure of the province initially transforms more
and more reasonably in forming centralized production areas, specialized areas,
and material areas for the processing industry… more effectively exploiting the
potential, strengths, bringing back economic benefits higher and higher
However, economic structure transformation process of agriculture -
forestry-fishery in Thanh Hoa has revealed many shortcomings, not worthy
inherent potential and strengths.
- The economic structure transformation is very slow. The proportion of
agriculture occupies absolute density and structure of plants and animals have
changed but not significantly; agricultural service proportion is small and less

changeable
+ Agriculture also occupies large proportion but small, fragmented and
dispersed, unsustainable scale. Level of backward production, productivity,
quality, efficiency is low, low competition
+ Animal breeding develops towards to goods clearly but unsustainably.
Structure of cattle and poultry has slow changes, outdated and spontaneous
production methods, low-value products. Centralized animal breeding areas with
small scale and lack of synchronization
+ In general, agricultural services activities undeveloped
+ Forestry industry structure is not significantly transformed; therefore, not
contributed to promote forestry development that is valuable with the strengths of
the province
+ Exploitation of fisheries is mainly near the coast; therefore, marine
resources are at risk of decline. Aquaculture mostly is extensive method and
improved extensive method, intensive area is low. This has not created links
between the seafood processing facilities with the inputs providing facilities
- Territorial economic structure has insufficiency, small-scale, low
concentration and low efficiency of goods production
Causes of limitations
- Starting point of agricultural, rural in Thanh Hoa is low
- The weather, the environment, disease, market are complicated
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- Investment in infrastructure development has not meet the requirement of
agriculture production and rural economic structure transformation
- Infrastructure quality and services for agriculture and rural are low,
infrastructure is poor and lack of synchronization
- Researches, science and technology transfer has been slow
- Human resources especially qualified labor force serving for management,
business and production; science, transfer and application of engineering and

technology has lots of shortages


CHAPTER III
ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS
FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION
IN THANH HOA PROVINCE TO 2020

3.1 Perspectives and Goals
3.1.1 Perspectives
1). Agricultural and rural development in Thanh Hoa province shall be
sustainable in terms of nature, society but also in environment
2). Speeding up the economic structure transformation process of agriculture
-forestry-fishery towards the production of goods to meet market demand with
large scale, efficiency and sustainability
3). The economic structure transformation of agriculture -forestry-fishery
has meet the requirements to speed up the development of rural areas towards
industrialization and modernization, preserve cultural identity, ecology and social
security.
4). Increasing finished investment and synchronizing technical infrastructure
system, speeding up the process of mechanization, irrigational, chemical and
biological processes, powerful application of science and technology advancement
in production. Upgrading qualification, proficiency for workers, training and
capacity advanced support for enterprises, cooperatives, households, and
production individuals in Agriculture- Forestry- and Aquaculture Sectors
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3.1.2 Objectives of structure transformation in Agriculture- Forestry- and
Aquaculture Sectors in Thanh Hoa by 2020
- By 2010, the GDP proportioning of Agriculture- Forestry- and

Aquaculture sectors in the entire GDP of Thanh Hoa Province is 10.1%; establish
the commodity production industry with appropriate sector and territorial
structure, exploiting the advantages and potentials of the province in Agriculture-
Forestry- and Aquaculture sectors.
- Sector Economic structure transformation: By 2020, reduce the production
value proportion of Agriculture sector by 70.1%, increase production value
proportion of Aquaculture sector by 20.1%, and forestry sector by 8.8%.
+ Agriculture: Decrease the proportion of cultivation by 58.7%, increase the
proportion of cultivation by 34.5%, and agriculture services by 6.8%.
+ Forestry: Increase the production value proportion of forest planting and
protection by 45%, forestry services by 6%, and the production value proportion
of forest exploitation by 49%.
+ Aquaculture: Decrease the production value proportion of exploitation by
49%, increase Aquaculture production by 45%, fishery logistics service by 6%.
- Territorial economic structure: Decrease production value proportion of
household enterprises; increase that of farm enterprise and intensive farming areas.
Agricultural ecology sub-areas are exploited more and more effectively.
3.2 orientation of agricultureal economic structure transformation in
thanh hoa to 2020
3.2.1 General development orientation of Agriculture- Forestry- and
Aquaculture Sectors to 2020
Concentrate to develop the Agriculture- Forestry- and Aquaculture Sectors
fully in the modern, effective, and sustainable direction, attached to the
Industrialization, Modernization of Agriculture and Rural areas in each region.
Promote the maximum potential of the land, climate, and human resources
in the region to develop the agricultural production at a highly stability.
Transform the plant and livestock structure in the commodity production
direction, increase the proportion of highly economic plants and livestock and
increase the productivity, increase the income per one area unit, complete the
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infrastructure serving the development of agriculture sector, respond to the natural
calamity actively.
The average growth rate of production value in period 2011-2010 is
5.4%/year, such rate in agriculture is 1.5%/year, forestry 4.5 %/year, aquaculture
9.2 %/year. By 2020, the total production value will obtain 29,402.8 billion Dong;
accounting for 10.1% total production value of the total economy in the province.
3.2.2 Estimation of agricultural land use fluctuation in period 2010-2020
By 2020, total area of production land obtains 1158.3 thousand ha, of which
381.6 thousand ha is agricultural land, 750.1 thousand ha is forestry land, 24.5 ha
is aquaculture land. Continue to reduce rice land area by 140 thousand ha; increase
the area of annual plant by 102.5 thousand ha, perennial plants by 129.2 thousand
ha, grass for husbandry by 10 thousand ha.
3.2.3 Orientation of sector economic structure transformation
With the existing potential and achievements in the recent development
period, the Thanh Hoa agriculture and rural sector economic structure continues to
transform by increasing the proportion of efficient production sector with high
economic value and large consumption market. Total production value in 2020
will obtain 29,402.8 billion Vietnamese Dong, of which agriculture obtains 20.866
billion Dong, forestry obtains 2605.9 billion Dong, and aquaculture obtains 5931
billion Dong. By 2020, reduce the proportion of agriculture by 70.1%, aquaculture
by 20.1% and forestry by 8.8%.
3.2.3.1 Agriculture
Continue to transform the agricultural economic structure in the direction of
agricultural commodity production with high quality and efficiency, binding the
production with the domestic and exportation markets in order to increase the use
efficiency of natural resources (land, labor, and capital), increase the income per
unit ha of land, and improve the living conditions for the farmers.
3.2.3.2 Forestry
Develop forestry in the direction of protecting, developing, and exploiting

the forest resources properly, ensuring the protective function and environment
protection, at the same time increase the contribution to the economy; By 2020,
increase the proportion of forestry services by 6%, reduce the proportion of forest
exploration by 49%, 250-300 thousand ha of planting, new planting 10-13
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thousand ha/year, increase the covering rate by 53-54% in 2015 and over 60% by
2020. Establish material forest areas such as Dendrocalamus barbatus zone, paper
material zone, and wood zone…binding to the processing industries in Nhu Xuan,
Thuong Xuan, Quan Hoa, Ba Thuoc, Ngoc Lac, and Cam Thuy District.
3.2.3.3 Aquaculture
By 2020, reduce the proportion of exploitation sector by 49%, increase the
proportion of aquaculture by 45%, fishing logistics services by 6%.
Transform the aquaculture economic structure by developing both fishery
and aquaculture, improve the efficiency and ensure the ecology environment,
ensure the stable source of materials for exportation processing. Strengthen the
intensive aquaculture; strengthen the exportation processing of freshwater,
blackish, and salt-water fish, the aquaculture area obtains 24,000 ha by 2020
mainly in Nga Son, Hau Loc, Hoang Hoa, Quang Xuong, and Tinh Gia Districts…
Harmonic combination between investment to increase the offshore fishing
with appropriate exploitation at coastal area, increase the exploitation output by 90
thousand tons in 2020. The proportion of aquaculture will account for 20.2% of
the total production value of Agriculture- Forestry- and Aquaculture [117].
3.2.4 Orientation of territorial economic structure transformation
Speed up the territorial economic structure by expanding the production
scope of territorial production enterprises, reduce the economic weight of
household enterprises, increase the economic weight of farming enterprises,
develop the intensive cultivation zones, collective production zones, material
zones, binding to processing industry and consumption market.
3.3 Methods m for transforming the agriculture- forestry- and

aquaculture economic structure in thanh hoa by 2020
Speed up the process of agricultural production planning based on market
demand and advantages of each agricultural ecology sub-area use the agricultural
land economically and efficiently. Restructure the agriculture sector, binding the
production to processing and market. Develop the production with proper scope of
advantaged agricultural products. Strengthen the investment in infrastructure,
application of science and technology, biology technology, irrigation,
motorization, information, reducing manual labor, change the old fashion obsolete
cultivation customs in order to use the land, resource, and labor efficiently,
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increase the productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of agricultural
products.
Develop the husbandry by industrial and semi-industrial method, disease
security, in consistent with the advantages of each agricultural ecology sub-area,
focus on husbandry in the midland and mountainous areas, improve the seeds,
apply advanced husbandry process in order to increase the productivity, quality,
and efficiency; improve the veterinary care, prevent diseases, develop the
industrial livestock feed production, restructure and modernize the slaughtering
houses and livestock/ birth processing factories.
Improve, arrange, and innovate the management work of the state forestry
farms. Specify the functions and tasks of the state management levels; improve the
overlapping and negligent management issues. Eliminate the violation of forestry
land, wrong use purpose for agricultural production for long time.
Supervise and adjust the development planning of aquaculture. Make plan
for collective aquaculture areas… Adjust the investment structure by facilitating
the development of aquaculture production. Prioritize investing in development of
services and infrastructure serving the development of aquaculture. Strengthen the
establishment of aquaculture modules in consistent with each zone and each type
of aquaculture. Manage and implement the breeding, offer technical instruction of

aquaculture and disease prevention to the farmer. Support development credit
capital for aquaculture.
CONCLUSION
Economic structure transformation in general and rural & agricultural
economic structure transformation in particular is an indispensable requirement of
an industrializing and modernizing economy. The process of economic structure
transformation could be considered a method to ensure the success of the state and
local strategic targets.
The rural economic structure transformation is a complex process, affected
by many objective and subjective factors. The identification of appropriate
agricultural economic structure transformation is a meticulous scientific process
and must be considered in various aspects in the development history, current
context, and estimation for the future.
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The identification of economic structure and agricultural & rural economic
structure transformation in the new development period of the Country match the
state strategic development target in order to complete the urgent industrialization
and modernization process for each locality throughout the country in general and
in Thanh Hoa Province in particular.
During the innovation process, the right guideline of the Communist Party
in rural and agricultural development encourages the great motivation among the
people, leading to important achievements.
After more than 20 years of innovation, the achievements in rural and
agricultural development of Thanh Hoa Province associates with the results of
economic structure transformation process in the industrialization and
modernization direction, promotes the advantages and potentials in agriculture,
and forms the commodity agriculture. The infrastructure, especially the irrigation
system is strengthened. Living conditions of almost all the farmers are improved.
New factors in agriculture and rural development appear. These achievements

contribute an important role in the province’s socio-economic stability and
development, which at the same time represents the important position of Thanh
Hoa Agriculture.
However, the agricultural economic structure transformation of Thanh Hoa
City still presents several issues and disadvantages: The economic structure
transform slowly, the application of science and technology improvements
especially the animal and plant breeding still has limitations; processing and
industry and occupations are undeveloped, the market for agricultural products has
many difficulties, the competitiveness of agricultural products is very low; the
production relation in rural areas innovates slowly; the huge potentials of land,
forest, and labor are not exploited effectively in some localities; living conditions
of part of the farmers especially in remote areas still encounter a lot of difficulties.
They are the problems occurred during the agricultural economic structure
transformation in Thanh Hoa since the innovation.
The rural and agricultural economic structure transformation is a big topic in
the socio-economic development of the whole country as well as for particular
locality. This process is affected by many factors including natural factors and
socio-economic factors (mainly). The socio-economic factors include
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infrastructure, capital, policy, and technology…Therefore to promote the rural and
agricultural economic structure transformation in Thanh Hoa Province to 2020,
this thesis proposes several solutions on investment capital, human resource,
science & technology, and policy.
From the concluded issues, the thesis propose:
Further research on rural and agricultural economic structure, especially on
the relation among the rural and agricultural economic components to have timely
adjustment for the economic structure transformation process of this area in the
next period.
Enhance the awareness of position and role of agriculture, farmers, and rural

areas in the new development context of the country.
Form the theoretical points of view on agriculture, farmers, and rural
development.
Establish mechanisms and policies for agriculture and rural development in
a synchronous, efficient, and breakthrough way, especially the mechanisms and
policies on infrastructure investment, human resource, science and technology
development, and intellectual enhancement…to set the background for the
structure transformation process to establish an appropriate economic structure
with high efficiency.

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LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS BY AUTHOR

1. Lê Kim Chi, Nguyễn Văn Phú, 2007, “Differences in graphic and territorial
conditions and development policy issue for poor areas in our country”,
Science Journal of Hanoi National University of Education, Page 78-83
2. Lê Kim Chi, Nguyễn Văn Phú, 2007, “Differences in graphic and territorial
conditions of Vietnam and its role for the economic development planning
in Vietnam”, Science Journal of Hanoi University of Education, Page 120-
125
3. Lê Kim Chi, 2009, “Current situation and orientation of rural and
agricultural economic structure transformation in Thanh Hoa
Province”, Economy and forecast journal, No.23/2009, Page 42-43
4. Lê Kim Chi, 2010, “Orientation of rural and agricultural economic structure
transformation in Thanh Hoa Province for Period 2011-2020”, Economy
and forecast journal, No.8/2010, Page 26-28.