Phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ ở Việt Nam hiện nay

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ




PHẠM THỊ BẢO THOA







PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC KHOA HỌC
CÔNG NGHỆ Ở VIỆT NAM HIỆN NAY






LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KINH TẾ CHÍNH TRỊ

Hà Nội – 2013




ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ




PHẠM THỊ BẢO THOA




PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC KHOA HỌC
CÔNG NGHỆ Ở VIỆT NAM HIỆN NAY




LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KINH TẾ CHÍNH TRỊ

Chuyên ngành: Kinh tế chính trị
Mã số : 60 31 01




NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS MAI THỊ THANH XUÂN





Năm - 2013

MỤC LỤC
Trang
 k hi vi t i
Danh m c b ii
 iii
MỞ ĐẦU: 1
CHƢƠNG 1: NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ LÝ LUẬN VÀ KINH NGHIỆM VỀ
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ 6
1.1. Khái niệm và vai trò của nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ 6
1.1.1. Kh ni v phn lo ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 6
1.1.2. Vai tr c ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 13
1.2. Phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ 20
1.2.1. Kh ni ph tri ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 20
1.2.2. N dung ph tri ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 22
1.2.3. Tiu ch  gi s ph tri ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 28
1.2.4. Nh nhn t ch y  h t s ph tri ngu nhn l

khoa h cng ngh 31
1.3. Kinh nghiệm các nƣớc về phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công
nghệ và bài học cho Việt Nam 37
1.3.1. S ph tri ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh c mt s n
trong khu v 37
1.3.2. B h kinh nghi r ra cho Vit Nam 41
CHƢƠNG 2: THỰC TRẠNG PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ Ở VIỆT NAM TỪ NĂM 2000 ĐẾN NAY 42
2.1. Chính sách của Nhà nƣớc về phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học
công nghệ 42
2.1.1. Ch s t ch 42
2.1.2. Ch s  t v b d nhn l khoa h cng ngh 43
2.1.3. Ch s s d nhn l khoa h cng ngh 48
2.2. Thực trạng phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ ở Việt
Nam hiện nay 52
2.2.1. Quy m v c c nhn l khoa h cng ngh 52
2.2.2. Tr  chuyn mn k thut c nhn l khoa h cng ngh 67
2.3. Đánh giá thực trạng phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ ở
Việt Nam 76
2.3.1. Nh th tu c b 76
2.3.2. Nh h ch v nguyn nhn 80
CHƢƠNG 3: QUAN ĐIỂM VÀ GIẢI PHÁP PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN
NHÂN LỰC KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ Ở VIỆT NAM ĐẾN NĂM 2020 84
3.1. Quan điểm và mục tiêu phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công
nghệ đến năm 2020 84
3.1.1. Quan i ph tri 84
3.1.2. m 2020 92
3.2. Một số giải pháp chủ yếu phát triển nguồn nhân lực khoa học công
nghệ ở Việt Nam đến năm 2020 94
3.2.1. Ho thi c ch, ch s ph tri v ngu nhn lc khoa h

cng ngh 94
3.2.2. C c s i m cn b v h th gi d,  t 97
3.2.3. a d ho c ngu v v nng cao hi qu  t t ch cho
ph tri ngu nhn l khoa h cng ngh 103
3.2.4. Nng cao tr  nhn lc qu l ho  khoa h cng ngh 105
KẾT LUẬN 106
DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 108

i

DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU, CHỮ VIẾT TẮT

STT
Ký hiệu
Nguyên nghĩa
1
KHCN

2
KH&CN

3
NNL

4
OECD

5
UNESCO


6
UNIDO
T chc  trin  nghip  Hp Quc
ii

DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG

STT
Số hiệu

Tên bảng
Trang
1
2.1


54
2
2.2






, 








57
3
2.3

2000  2012
58

4
2.4












-







61
5
2.5


64
6
2.6


 2011
65
7
2.7

2008 - 2011
68
8
2.8

- 2012
69
9
3.1
 

93







iii

DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH VẼ

STT

Số hiệu
Tên hình vẽ
Trang
1
1.1

8
2
2.1

60
3
2.2


70
4
2.3


72
5
2.4


73

1

MƠ
̉
ĐÂ
̀
U
1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
Trong , 







 








, ,  
. 









 









 


 ,

(2011) 





 [6 


          
, 
           tuy   


Singapore [16]. 
?  ? 

? 










 
.


2

2. Tình hình nghiên cu


















. 







, 




 , 




- u Hi
tho khoa hc quc gia, 




















 3/7/2012 . Ti hi
th 












 n
quan trng v 









 






 , 












 .













  





, 
n nay.
-  ,







 



 (
 c























  c ta
trong thi gian qua.
-  







: 






( 09/8/2012 


















. Th ng B KHCN Tr






ng, 









 













 , 












 , hay       i hc
3

Qui cho rng, ch 5 - c ta s thiu ht trm
tr khoa hc tr 
-  






: 
(  






 





, 


 , 
v 


















 


.
- Tng lu    c khoa hc      c
ASEAN Quc gia.
ng ko to, bi dng,
s dng nguc khoa hc
-   c  c trong khu v      c kinh
nghin nguc khoa h Vit Nam


    
 


    


                
 


4

3. Mục đích và nhiệm vụ nghiên cu
3.1. 



















, 






















.
3.2. 



















, l
-   






.
- 

, 





















 n nay
-  xu












    c s  u t  n ca s  n
n vng nn kinh t.
4. Đối tƣng và phạm vi nghiên cu
4.1. 
 










4.2. 
- : 


















 . Luu ngu
chung  m nh c ca mt s
qu c kinh nghim cho Vit Nam.
- : t n nay

5

5. Phƣơng pha
́
p nghiên cƣ
́
u













, 











 , 
 duy

- 


6. Đóng góp mới của luận văn
- ng v n v ngu
lc khoa h 
- 





 












Vit Nam t  hai m

 ,
a hn ch 
- 
















u ca nn kinh t tri thc.
7. Kết cấu của luận văn
MKDP
N:
- Nhng v m v n ngun
c khoa h
- Thc trng ph



 n nay
- 














n ca nn kinh t tri thc

6

CHƢƠNG 1
NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ LÝ LUẬN VÀ KINH NGHIỆM VỀ PHÁT TRIỂN
NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC KHOA HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ

1.1. Khái niệm và vai trò của nguồn nhân lực khoa học công nghệ
1.1.1. Khi nim và phân loại nguô
̀
n nhân lư
̣

c khoa học công ngh
1.1.1.1. Mt s   n ngu  c
khoa h
 Nguc


 , 









 , 
, 

, 























 .  th
nhn mc ca m ng ci s 
trin ca mt quc gia.




, 















, , 





. 

, 












  





 

, 

, 







 , 








. 





       
7

Tuy    
. 


  

 : 







 

























 , bao
 











 






.

 c KHCN
 & 
 (OECD)
        
&C
&CN

. 


&













.

 
  





, 



, 
        
 



8

   &
&&CN, 




&
 




R&D




 

Hình 1.1: Cơ cấu nhân lực của một quốc gia
28]
 , 







  5 
[48]:
1. 



, 






.
N



2. 





 , 

 (



 , ,  ,




) .
C




9




3.  , 


.
C , 
 

4. (









) 























 , 










.
N 























 

5. 
.
N             



 , 








 






(





 ) 


, , , , 















ph 


1.1.1.2. c KHCN
10









 ,  




 

 oi ngun l c hong













 ,   




5 : 





 , 




, 








, 



, 






.
+ 





 : 









































, , , 

: 
 , 


(, ), , 






+ 







 : 

 













, 


, 



, 

, 









 , 



. 









 ,  








 ,  , 











.
+ 









 : 
















tham 






























: , , . , 





, , ,  



.
11

+ 



: 



















 ,




: , 

, , 



, 









 






 , 














.
+ 





 : 




























, , 







 . :
 , 



























 , 







  , 






.


   , 








: 



, 








, 


 tin, 


















 , 













.
 









3 :




             

12









 


  

KHCN.







            
       



            

13

 











 , UNESCO chia NNL KHCN 2
: 









 




.
+ 






 : 










 , 







 , 
 . 












 



 ,






 ,  ,










.
+ 






 : 












:   , 




 , 
. 





























  . 









































 . 




, 





 












, 














, 


























. , 



 























.


1.1.2. Vai trò của nguồn nhân lực khoa học công ngh
1.1.2.1. Nguc khoa h u
qu chuy t n
14


 
 
              
  





  




              

      

              

 .
KHCN 



 , 
















 , 
 . 





 & ,

 

 , 






, : ,  , , 




, 





, 




15








,  






            





 
              
            




16





 



1.1.2.2.  
 
Lch s n c
mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nh dn ti s xut hin hay dit vong
ca mt ch  m inh:
ng nhn nht
cho s thng li ca trt t i m. S   chin
thi phong kio ra mng
 n nhi hiy, mu cht
n kinh t 
suc do nh thut hi
n xu c nh thu
phi cn nh ng
dn xui rt cn nh,
 s dng, truyng kin thc v y,
nguc KHCN 
sun kinh t c.
Nh      c khoa hc t  i vic
n ra nhng quy lut, nhng tri thc mi s to nn tng
cho phi. B phc
17

c k thut, vi nhn, nhng tri thc m
 sn xu o ra nh     hii phc v sn
xut, phc v i slc y t i da
 , tay ngh c  
cao chng dch v y t. C n ca nguc
t, gt ch v to ra nhng trang thit bng

ngh, k thui.
 c KHCN l  to ra nhiu sn phm
ng du t quan
trng chi. Mt lao
i nhio khoa hc, nn kinh t s ng
t bu ki bin mt nn kinh t 
lc hu, nn kinh t p sang nn kinh t n
i.
Nguc khoa h vi nh
khoa h s i sng vt chn ci
.




 























 . 










 , 


, 



















18






  , 












 . 

, 

 .



i) [60]

  



 , internet, 






, 







, 

 . 




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
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



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














, 
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
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, 






. , 
 .  , 
















 
th     
KHCN.

1.1.2.3. Nguu ki n khong
c hu so vn
  t ca s n. Vi nhng
 m rng ti