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Sự biến đổi kinh tế - xã hội của người Thái ở Điện Biên từ Cách mạng Tháng Tám năm 1945 đến nay

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ĐA
̣
I HO
̣
C QUÔ
́
C GIA HA
̀

̣
I
TRƯƠ
̀
NG ĐA
̣
I HO
̣
C KHOA HO
̣
C XA
̃

̣
I VA
̀
NHÂN VĂ N






PICHET SAIPHAN






̣
BIÊ
́
N ĐÔ
̉
I KINH TÊ
́
– X HI
CA NGƯI THI  ĐIN BIÊN T
CCH MNG THNG TM NĂM 1945 ĐN NAY



CHUYÊN NGA
̀
NH : DÂN TÔ
̣
C HO
̣
C
M S : 62 22 70 01




LUÂ
̣
N A
́
N TIÊ
́
N SI
̃
LI
̣
CH SƯ
̉




NGƯƠ
̀
I HƯƠ
́
NG DÂ
̃
N KHOA HO
̣
C:
1. PGS.TS. HONG LƯƠNG
2. PGS.TS. LÊ SY
̃

GIA
́
O




H Ni - 2011


1






1.  




 












  




.




 80  , 












. 
, 










 , 




.






  





 , 







(1981)  (2008), 

  
(Thai Studies) 



.
, 



























 . 








, 





, , 




   .  




 








 



. 










  (

) 




























nay. N

, 








, 




























54 























n . , 

























 , 








 , 


,  


.

2
 , 









 , 





















 














 

.













 , 






 1954, 



































 . , 









   



, 




 

,  , 







 


 . 












, 






 











 1986, 













, 









 




, .
 








  










C1945 


, 





 (

), 








 









 . , 








 , 














 ,




















c 









 











.
2. 













  


























 . 
mang  




 (




),  (T



 










.

3
n nay, 




 


















.
2.1 
























, 



 [95] 



, 

























 . 

















 . 










 ,  [58,59] 
 , 







 . 









 [51  , 




  
 . 















,


 , 










 (

).
Th, 









 (t


, 










) 







, 






 (g ). Trong 

,









 

 





 








 









 . 
 


, 














, 






.
2.2 















 Nam, 












 . 







 :

     (





 ) 
Diguet (1895);      (

 ) 
Breton (1918);  (

) 

4
(1921); 



 (


, 

) R. Robert (1941); 

:
 (binh 
) (1931). 





















.
2.3 





1945 



















 trong






.  


.
2.3.1 Như
̃
ng vâ
́

n đê
̀

̀
li
̣
ch sư
̉
, x hi




,  c
 .  : 



















 (1965) 


, 













 - (1967).
N1977, 














, 

, ,
 (c) 






 (Nxb KHXH). 1979, hai GS. 




 

 : 





 ,
(Nxb KHXH). 
















































 , 























.
1987  














 , (Nxb KHXH), 


 .  1999, 














 , (Nxb


 

), 



 







 . 

  














.

5
2.3.2 Như
̃
ng vâ
́
n đê
̀

̀
văn ho
́
a truyê
̀

n thô
́
ng, phong tu
̣
c tâ
̣
p qua
́
n






   ng




 , 

 

 (1985). 

 











 












3 2000.
Hoa 

 .TS.  . 

 


 (1988)  








 












.


















,  



, 4 1988.








 







 







1990.


  .TS. Phan 

 



 


(1995)  



 
.













 ,






  , Ngh
trong  , 3 2001  

















 

 2003 do Nxb
KHXH.
2.3.3 Như
̃
ng vâ
́
n đê
̀
chung








 , 















 -- (1968) do GS . 
, 




, , ,  




, 

, 









.

6



 







  , Nxb
1978, g








 














t Nam.






, 
 . 














 














 












, Nxb 2005.













a  .TS. 
 










. 
















. [60-75]
, , 





, 






































 : 




 (1998); l


 








i
 (2000).

, 







 , 











. , 



.  (




 n

 Mon, 



 



 ) 
Condominas (1990),          
 ( :  
    . McAlister (1967)  



 Jean
Michaud (2000)  The Montagnards and the State in
Northern Vietnam from 1802 to 1975 : A Historical Overview (

7
1802  1975 : 








) 






.
 1999, Thomas Sikor mang  he Political
Economy of Decollectivization: A study of Differentiation in and among Black
(



 




a: 




















  


). 
.
 2004 





 , 

















 (









).
Trong 


















 .

















.


, 











 . Sumitr
Phitiphat,  

 

 1999-
2003, 










ไทด าในเวียดนาม (








) (2004) , ,  ,






.





































 (2001), 



.
: 






 .  






 , 



 1979, n
, 







, 








 

s


. 









 : 







 
  Ng  

8

do Nxb 





 2000. 















 C  ; 2001, 













 : 





 








 







 (







, 

). 





























 




 
Nh

, 














, 


















 ,















 . 








 , 

  



 ng 
 







 









 










Nam. , 





































.
3. 
  

 
 h











 























  x
, .
  :
3.1. 






















sau C






 1945 .

9
3.2. T ,




















3.3. Nghi































.























.
4. , p
















C1945 so s































(sau C 1945),

















- -








.










,








,











,















,

























Kinh

1945.


phục vụ cho nghiên cứu so sánh trong những tr-ờng hợp cần thiết
chúng tôi còn mở rộng phạm vi nghiên cứu sang một số xã khác trong huyện
Điện Biên. Chúng tôi còn khảo sát tại một số gia đình ng-ời Kinh trong phạm
vi nghin cứu vì sự biến đổi trong thời điểm này tạo nên quan hệ giữa ng-ời
Kinh và ng-ời Thái ở vùng Điẹn Biên.
5.









Nguồn tài liệu quan trọng nhất đ hoàn thành luận án này là nguồn t
liệu đin dã mà chúng tôi thu thập đ-ợc từ những năm 2003 đến 2007, tại

10
ph-ờng Him Lam thành phố Điẹn Biên , và một số xã
khác trong huyện Điện Biên.
Nguồn tài liệu thứ hai là của Nhà n-ớc nh-
Chính phủ, . nguồn
tài liệu này

l-u

tại Trung tâm l-u tr quốc gia và

Uỷ ban
Nhân dân các cấp ở tỉnh và đa ph-ơng.
Nguồn tài liệu thứ ba là những tài liệu đã đ-ợc công bố từ tr-ớc dến nay
của các học giả, các nhà nghiên cứu trong và ngoài n-ớc, các bài viết liên
quan đến ng Thái ở Việt Nam và Tây Bắc nói chung, đặc biệt là các
nghin cứu kinh tế - xã hội ở Điện Biên.
6.











6.1.


















hi.
6.2.









.
6.3.







nh












- ,











.
7.










Ngoài phần

, Kết luận, o, , nội dung
của luân án đ-ợc chia thành 4 ch-ơng.










x


























11

1












1.1. 










1.1.1. Khi qut v tnh Đin Biên
-, 

















 





 Nam (Xin




 , 




 ), 
9.542,289 km2,89% 







 .  





: 2054-2233
 

 10210-10336

 .  ,
 , 
(), 


.   500 



, 





279 











 12 




. 














 2 




 , 

 







 360 








38,5 km. 




9 





 (01 , 01
07 

) 

21 

.












 g Thanh. N h

 [9] 





: 







. 


































  . 

 

 


























 ;
 () 














12
. 





  , Thanh
 (

) 









 . 
 (



) 












.
           
            
             

 

            
-



 

 






  (










 ). 













 (






). 























- ; 























:
! 
















, 






, 





13
, 

















.

          - . 


 








  

 


, :  


 28 (1767) 












 ,
1769, , ; 


 36 (1775), 



 . 

 4


: Phong Thanh, 

, ,  


38 (1777) 













. 



























 . 



 12








  



 (

) 
Man Xa Ly ( ) 






 , 
Lao, 

.




 (1841), 










 (  
. 

 5/1841, 
 ,





, 



, 








, , 





, . 











. [28, tr 232] [9, tr 324-325]






4 (1844) 



2 

: 


7 , 



 6 . 



 (1848) 















9 : , , 

14
, , , 

, . ,  4 
: 13 .




 , s , 











 

1

1883, 

 



. 23-
1-1888, . 1908, 
La, . 





 , 













.
1945 n
 .  , 
 (1948) 16 



3 , 














7-5-1954,  , 

, 

















 .  , 












! [131, tr 77-81]
N 








134-SL, 
28/01/1953  :
, 

. [: C«ng b¸o VNDCCH, 1953, sè
1-2, tr 1] T, 

    - 
 , 3 



1











 :  , 









 , Nxb
KHXH, , 1989, tr 131-132. 

109-199, 






 (














 ) n
.

15
n
               
 
 





















 . 

, 








. 

 









 
 , 













 . 

  , 



 , 












 






.
 









 .



















 500  1.000 .
 t-
1.897 .  . 

 , 








 . 







 1.200  1.700
, 










 .  
 . 
















, 















. 


.

16

















 


.  , 



, 






.












 



;
1). 

 : 
, qua Na Nhan, 





 , 







 28
 ,  . 

 


 4%, 



1,7, 





 1,96.
 28 




7 





















.














 ng


. 

 















 



, 


3.371 ha , 

 .  








 , 



,  , 




 , 

 , 
,  



 







 






 . Song, 










 7, 3 








t, 














4 6  5 10  . 1959 





1 

12 (



) , 

600 




.
2). 



 :  2  , 






 , 






 (Na Sang) 




 (

n) 





 

17
 , 







 . [: 
, Phong UBHC KTTTB, tr 11-12]

, 
















, 














 .


, 




















 , 











 (). [29, tr 19]


































 


. , , tam Than, 

, . [28, Tr
12-14]. 







, 






; 




, 







, 







;






 , 




 , 



 ,
; 





, 





, 




.
 






 , 



 


, 









. Do
 , 
. 







,

















. 

, 










 ,  :   ,
 .

S ; 








 1959  1972 C, C (6, 7), 
C (1); 

 1966  1972  199 


(4), 122 

(7); 

1931  1972 cao


392 mm (8), 11,8 mm (1). [78, tr 21]

18









 ,  




 ; 

 , 

 

, 






, 







, 


, 


, 











 , 




 . 



  ,  ,  , 
. , 




, 
, 







, 





. [59,
tr 355-356]




 























 



. 


: 


, 



 















 . [9, tr 324]. 

 






, Gi : Trong khu






 


 , 




, c



 












 , 











 



.
-ng Him Lam




























 , 









  













  





 ;
 , 









  , t

















. 
 , 





  





















.

19








, p




,  , c
, .











 415,5 ha, trong 



 1/3






 ,  

. 






 Lam   . S

 : 


 , 
















 . [:


, 2005] , 

















 










 . 
















 , 


  , sau
 n Him Lam (



).
 , 


 , 
5 km. 









,
 .  10 km,
 , 
.









 16 20












4.010 







842 ha, 3.168 ha













 . [n: 


, 2000]






 

 . 


, , 


,  

















 




 ng ()  , 



.

20
 



 









 

. 



























 , 


chung. 






 







 ,









.




, 


















, 2 . 
11 




ng 4 







 5  10.










 C,  C (6,7),
C (12). 










 158 

, cao
t 219 

(3), 120 

(8). 








167 mm, 526 mm (7), 0 mm (2).
[: 





, 2000]
1.1.2. Dân sô
́
, dân cư va
̀


̣
phân bô
́

B ( 2007)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
 
Bc
nc
49 ngi/km,
c 69
ngi/km
nc 254 ngi/km

[Ngu: 

 2007]

21

  2007  468.284 







49 





















(69 

) (254 


).
T

  2007, t




 21 

 , 




(39.89 .76   .57%),
- (3.50%): 3.982 

, Dao:
3.8, : 3.843 

, Hoa: 2.490 

, Xinh-mun: 1.658, :
1.730 

, C  , N      : 913
 (
















 2007
  

 







   n









 







.
- 
            

-   cã 3 nghµnh:  Tr¾ng,  §á vµ 
Hoa. Trong ®ã ng  Tr¾ng nhiÒu nhÊt, 

- 

 

- -

-              

- 

22
- 


- 
- 

 á x·  Xa.

 (n2007)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
i 39.89%

Kinh 20.57%
-3,5%
Dao, , Hoa,
ng, vv. 5.28%

[N: 

 : 2007]

23

: D






 (2007)

TT






%
1

186.808
39,89
2

144.062
30,76
3
Kinh
96.312
20,57
4
-
16.404

3,50
5

4.969
1,06
6

3.982
0,85
7
Dao
3.852
0,83
8

3.843
0,82
9
Hoa
2.490
0,53
10
Xinh-mun
1.658
0,35
11

1.370
0,29
12


839
0,18
13
ng
782
0,17
14

913
0,20






468.284
100

[: 

 2007]

-              

-  
- 



24
1.1.3. Khi qut v ngươ
̀
i Tha
́
i  Đin Biên
-














 
y hay  
 = Tay = 
   (
)   ()
          
, ;  
, 
-





















 , 





















 . Q






 , 

, 



 PGS.TS.  [48,
Tr 3-8] 



; 


   -
 



 sinh.  -












 




















 . 















 . 
, GS. , GS. 




:
GS.   [35],[36] 





 : Trong 

  








 












 -




 .  (
),  . 

 










, .
GS.  [99],[100] : 


 , 








 -

 







×