Tìm hiểu thực trạng các biểu hiện trầm cảm của học sinh trung học cơ sở quận Hoàng Mai, Hà Nội

1












TRƢƠ
̀
NG ĐA
̣
I HO
̣
C GIA
́
O DU
̣
C


NGUYÊ
̃
N THI
̣

MAI



TM HIỂU THỰC TRNG CC BIỂU HIN TRẦM CM
CỦA HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ QUN HONG MAI, H NI



LUN VĂN THC SĨ TÂM LÝ HỌC









H NI – 2013


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
TRƢỜNG ĐI HỌC GIO DỤC



NGUYÊ

̃
N THI
̣
MAI


TM HIỂU THỰC TRNG CC BIỂU HIN TRẦM CM
CỦA HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ QUN HONG MAI, H NI


Chuyên ngành: TÂM LÝ HỌC LÂM SNG TRẺ EM V VỊ THNH NIÊN

LUN VĂN THC SĨ TÂM LÝ HỌC



Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn khoa học: GS.TS. BAhr Weiss
PGS.TS. Đặng Hoàng Minh




H NI - 2013

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Lời cảm ơn!
***



                
 

 

         GS.TS Barh Weiss và PGS.TS
Đặng Hoàng Minh           


    
  

           






Tác giả




Nguyễn Thị Mai

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DANH MỤC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT


STT


1
BECK
Beck Depression Inventtory  BDI
2
HS

3
HSTHCS

4
RLTC

5
THCS

6
VTN

7
YSR
Youth Self Report
8
WHO



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MỤC LỤC

Trang
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i

ii

iii

v

vi
MỞ ĐẦU……………………………………………………………….
1
Chƣơng 1: CƠ SỞ LÝ LUN CỦA VẤN ĐỀ NGHIÊN CỨU……
5

5

5

6

8

12
1.
13


13

15

16

16

17

20

25

27
Chƣơng 2: TỔ CHỨC V PHƢƠNG PHP NGHIÊN CỨU……
30

30

31
 
31

31

32

33

6

33

34

39
Chƣơng 3: KẾT QU NGHIÊN CỨU
42

42

42
 
43
 
44
3
45

46

47

48

48

49


53

54
KẾT LUN V KHUYẾN NGHỊ
59

59

61
TI LIU THAM KHO
62
PHỤ LỤC
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7
DANH MỤC CC BNG

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
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o


48

50

55



57

57
            


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            
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8

DANH MỤC CC BIỂU ĐỒ


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
39

42
 
43
 
44

45

46

49
 theo thang Lo âu  


51
 
51

52

52



53













9
MỞ ĐẦU
1. Lý do chọn đề tài
































 , 













. 









 , 
















 . 











,  200 












 ,  5% 





 , 









 2,8%. 







 












15% 

















[4],[33]. 






















, 












, 



,
, 

, 












 [5]. 
 0,4 8,3%, 







 15 
20%[32].











 


















, 



















. 





















, 













   , 








.




























riêng, 












 . 









 c
, 



,  , 

















 , 



 , , 


phong, , 



















. , (

, 



, ,




, 





, ), 










 ,  









[3],[8],[16],[23].

10
,  











 tâm 









 , 



 , 








 , n










 .







(2003), 












 6,7%  iên c [6].








 (2011), 






 12
16  6,6%




[14].




 sinh





   






,  , 


 


, 
 ,  , chúng tôi




  tài: “Tìm hiểu thực trạng cc biểu hin trầm cảm cu
̉
a ho
̣
c sinh
trung ho
̣
c cơ sơ
̉
quâ
̣
n Hoa
̀
ng Mai, H Ni”.  s nghiên cu chúng
tôi khuyn ngh 





























.
2. Mục đích nghiên cứu:
Tìm 





 

 









Mai, .






    

,




,  
 

.

11
3. Khách thể, đối tƣợng nghiên cứu và phạm vi đề tài
3.1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu







 
Mai, 
3.2. Khch thể nghiên cứu












200 h 
 THCS 



, .
4. Giả thuyết khoa học
-  



- 
(



, 




5. Nhiệm vụ nghiên cƣ
́
u
5.1. 









 


.
5.2. 



















5.3. 

 


.
5.4. 



khuy





 


















.
6. Giơ
́
i ha
̣
n phạm vi nghiên cứu





 , b
 
 





12
         4 


 , 

, 

,  
 










 . 






 , 












 . 

 ,   30

7. Các phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu















:
- 








- 





 




-  
8. Đo

́
ng go
́
p nghiên cƣ
́
u
- 

















 
.
- 













- 












.
9. Cấu trúc luận văn
,  
 









: 



13
CHƢƠNG 1
CƠ SƠ
̉
LY
́
LUÂ
̣
N CU
̉
A VÂ
́
N ĐÊ
̀
NGHIÊN CƢ
́
U
1.1. Một số vấn đề chung về trầm cảm
1.1.1. Khi nim

























,
, 

























. 









 , 
 




, 







 , , 




, 













 ,  , 













 ,  .





















, 


, 



[21].


, 
, 





 (melancholia), 













 .  : 1/ 




 , ; 2/  , 




; 3/  





















, 







, 

[9].












 10 (ICD-10), 
 , 










 , 






,  , 

















. 
, :  ;  ; 
 ;  ; 










 , 



;  . 













2 

. 




























.


, 






















, 












 , 







14
, 







 , 









 ,  . 



 , 












 : 

, 





 (panic disorder),  (

,


 ) .




























, 



,  , 























 .  
 , 





 , 
















 , , , 









,  , kh




quy,  . 







 , 










 , 

, 


, 



. 




  , 

 ,  ,  ,






, 







, , anh, .
1.1.2. Châ
̉

n đoa
́
n trâ
̀
m ca
̉
m








 , 



























 . 




































 , 







  

 
10 (ICD-10) 

 



4 (DSM-IV)[21],[28].






 10 (ICD-10)  ,








  3 








 7 






 .  2
.
*  :  , 




, 















.
* 








:
- 

15
- 
- 



















- 
- .
- 



: 








- 




*  :  , 



, , 


,  , 






 , 
.












:
- 2/3 






- 2/7 







- 








- 2 












:
- 2/3 







- 3/7 






- 







, 
- 2 
























:
- 
- , , 






 , 

 , 









, .
 , 






 , 





 . 



























 , hoang





















 , 


u 









 [21].

16
 -











 5 





 , 




2 :
- 
- 
- , 





.
- 
- 









- 
- , 






- 

































 , 


, 







 .  







. 






, 














.  






. , 
 . 





















. 



























. 

























,  




 [28].
1.1.3. Đặc điểm lâm sng của rối loạn trầm cảm điển hình




, 

























 , :  , 



 , 









.
Theo ICD-10, 



 
, 





, 
.  



,

17




, 








, , 



. 
 [21].












 , 
 , 



 , 


,  , 






RLTC, 



 , 









 , 









, 





.








 ,  , 















:
1.1.3.1. 
 . 


 90% 









 [4],[13]. 










  . 







, , , 

, 

.








, 






 , , 



 , 
. 






 . 





 , 

,


. 

























 , 



 10-15% 












 [9],[17],[20]. 

















[13].
1.1.3.2. 




 , 














, 80-
100% 









[4],[13]. 












, 





















, 







 , 



 , 





 . 
, , 





[17],[20].
1.1.3.3. 















 , 














, 



, 

 , 

18

















 . 

, 














, 














, 


, 

























 [17],[20]. 














 



.  , trên 95% 













[13].
1.1.3.4. 





























 , 








, 





  , 







. 50% 











(trong


, 





), 
















,






. 







, 









 , 








 . 

























, 

 



, 

































 . 



, 



















 (, 



 , 
,  an, 

) 




















, 
 . E. 



 (1988) 

 30-40% 

























 , 36-41% 








[13].
1.1.3.5. 
































, 










. 







, 


 3 :
- 





 :  , bi quan




, 














 , không
, 



.

19
- 

 : 





 , 









 , 





 , 










, .
- Khi  :  , , 






. 

























, 










 


. 











 . Nghiên




.K.Goodwin(1990) 97% 








 ,
91% 91% .
1.1.3.6. 



































 , 





,
[20],[31].










, 









, 











, 


 , 






















 .
























[22],[27].
1.1.3.7. 
, 
















. 















, , 

, 

3].










 , 











, 





, 





, 













,  , 








. 













 , 



, 











, 



, 




, 







 [19].






























,  , 










, 






 , 



 . 

20
 , 

. 












 






[5].
 













 . 
 , 

 , . 



, .
1.1.4. Nguyên nhân cu
̉
a trâ
̀
m ca
̉
m












 , 
 , 



 ,  , 
 , 



: 















 

















 ,
 (, 

, 



Vai
 , noradrenalin, 






. 





























, 

[17],[34].
1.1.4.1. 

















, 














 , 







Shield (1969) 

17 







 28 






  : 41% 








 4% 
âu.  50% 















 









 (





 ). 















 25% 



, 


50-70% 



. 









, [17].
1.1.4.2. 
. 




















 , , k,





 .  , 

21

















 , 

, 








n, 





 ,







 , 



























 , 






, 

, 



 , , 





, . 







, không quan
 , 







,






, 






[34].
1.1.4.3.  

 




  . 












 , 





 

















 . , 






, 










 . 1978, 


















 

 . 


 3 



 , 













 , 














.  



















. 










 . 



 
























, 

. 








, 










, 







.
1.2. Lịch s nghiên cứu về t lệ học sinh c biểu hiện trầm cảm
1.2.1. Trên thê
́
giơ
́

i




-IV th
5% 















, 17% 





















. 







22
 24-29 

. 







2 [28].
Theo Angst (1992), Judd (1994)  , 

 4-
6,5% [6]. , 10% 



 , 










 2-3%  , 














 3-5%[4]. Theo


(1992) 20-30% 












3-4% . 













 , 









 2,2% trong 6 ; 2,7% trong




 4,4% 



[34]. 



 , 















 , 41% 



 , 20%








[30].
 , 


 8300 


(1975) lên 10400 

(1980) 1241 


Bourgeois (1998), 





 , 


90% (



 46%. 








, .











 em, 

 (1998) 


0,3% . 

 1-
2%  , 2-5%  (

, 1990), 
14-25%  








(Kessler et al.,1998; Lewinsohn et al., 1998). , 









1035 12-17, 

17,9% . 


 (2006),  





 20-25% 
, 


















3-8%.























 13-
15. 











0,4%-2,5%
 0,4-8,3%. 








 28% 








, 75% 
 40% tr . 



23
 13% 
59% .




,  (

1,9% n 3,4% 








), 











 (Kovacs et al., 1984; Saulja et al., 2004). Dopheide
(2006)  5% 10%  



 , Costello
(2006) 8%.
Tuy nhiên, 
















 ,  : 1,5%

Loan, 2,9% 5,2% (Kirmayer & Jarvis, 2006).










 ,  1,6%-
8,9% (

, 2001), 























 , 










. 





















, 

, 












(, 



, 


 ) 30%.
1.2.2. Trong nươ
́
c
, 





, 
















 , 





















.
 , 


, 





, 




, 






, th, 



.








 (2001), 



 3,4%



















. 












 





 4,1%. 












8,35% 







[25].









(2002), 





2,8% khi

























24
 . 

(2001) 10 
















 

 3,6%, 


2 




, 

0,33%, 

3,3%.
 , 










 



 : 















 16-25 

 38,6%,


46-50 

. 

























 , 











  8,35%
(





1999).

, , 
 (


) 2,2% 4-18 



 

[22]. 








































 18,8% 
 , 9,1% 












 [6]. 





, 42,5% 
s[7].
1.3. Học sinh trung học cơ sở và trầm cảm HSTHCS
1.3.1. Khi nim HSTHCS
-
14-[15]. 
10] hay 
[24].







25



1.3.2. Đặc điểm pht triển thể cht (HSTHCS)

























 , 









 , 

, 

, 



, 






.
   





- 








- 




-              


