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- Các chỉ tiêu phản ánh nợ quá hạn:
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!K 8B88Iz c0//{

n:S 0//{
yJn:S!Kz

n:S!K
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n:S
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n1 89!88V98
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n1 89!88!K:S
u8y
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- Chỉ tiêu phản ánh nợ xấu:
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- Tỷ lệ dự phòng rủi ro tín dụng:
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n:S

- Tỷ lệ nợ xử lý rủi ro:
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Nguyên nhân của những tồn tại và hạn chế:
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- :…T8C!8"L"!8^!B 8"8AV†-T8C!8"V4O8"7ANa$1!8
9!88J$!8:"Q=
- JV!UAJ! Y$"- Y$9&N!@T!8:"!"=
- 9N1AG(v=
- g8N8JTA!"!9&8t$NW8-!9&VS!KAMNO!8!8>=
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VA1$C8!!MT!8O 8>)
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N€&
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.) IvJr.//Es-Tín dụng ngân hàng,c&81 5-)
E) 8 -)‰)r.//0s-Tiền tệ ngân hàng và thị trường tài chính-c&,8"8<!A,i8@-)
F) 8"8W8-4‡8W88r.//.s-Giáo trình Ngân hàng Thương mại quản trị và
nghiệp vụ-c&81 5-)
‚) C88:G!r.//‚s-Quyết định số 493/2005/QĐ-NHNN ngày 22/04/2005, 
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2) C88:G!r.//€s-Quyết định 18/2007/QĐ-NHNN ngày 25/04/2007, 
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€) C8#r.//m./0/s-Báo cáo thường niên năm 2009 và năm 2010,
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•) C8#r./0/s-Hệ thống các văn bản liên quan đến nghiệp vụ tín
dụng-)
m) 4‡kB>r.//‚s-Quản trị rủi ro trong kinh doanh ngân hàng-c&81 5-
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