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OAI HOC QU6C GIA HA
NO!
•
•
•
TRl/C^NG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TU*
NHIEN
*4:*4:**4c:tC3|c*:|e:te*:|c:ie:fE:fc
BAG CAO TONG KET DE TAI
NGHIEN
Ciru
QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI
VA ANH
HU^ONG
CUA NO
TOfI DCJI
SONG
CUA DAN
Cir
VEN DO
TRONG GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA
(LAY VI DU MOT HUYEN
NGGAI
THANH
HA
NOI)
MA
SO:
QT 06-30

CHU TRI DE TAI: ThS. DINH THI BAO HOA
OAI HOC
QuGC
GIA
HA
N^.
TRUNG TAM
IMCNG
TIN THU
viEN
T/
I
T
C
HA NOI - 2007
DAI HOC QU6C GIA HA NOI
TRir^NG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TU"
NHIEN
ts'
1^
BAG GAG TONG KET OE TAI
NGHIEN
ClTU
QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI
VA ANH
HirONG
CUA NO TOI
DCM

SONG
CUA DAN
Cir
VEN DO
TRONG GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA
• • • •
(LAY
vi
DU MOT HUYEN NGGAI THANH
HA
NOI)
MA SO: QT 06-30
Chu tri
d^
tai: ThS. DINH THI BAG HOA
Nhijng nguai
tham gia:
PGS.
TS. Pham Van Cu
PCS.
TS. Nguyen Thi Hai
ThS.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
CN. Nguyen Van Pha
HA NOI - 2007
TOM TAT BAO CAO
1.
TEN DE TAI: NGHIEN
ClTU
QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA AP

HU'OfNG
CUA NO
Tdl DCH
SONG CUA DAN
CU"
VEN DO TRONG GIAI
DO^
CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA (LAY VI DU
MOT
HUYEN NGO
THANH HA NOI)
Ma
s6:
QT - 06 -30
2.
CHU TRI DE TAI: ThS. DINH THI BAO HOA
3.
CAN BO PHOI HOP:
PGS.
TS. Pham Van Cu
PGS.TS.
Nguyen
Thi
Hai
ThS.
Nguyen
Thj
Thanh Hai
CN. Nguyen Van Pha
4.

MUC TIEU VA NOI DUNG NGHIEN
ClTU
4.1.
Muc tieu
Nghien cuu anh huomg
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai toi dai song cua dan
<
ven do trong giai doan cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa.
4.2.
Noi dung
- He thong hoa ca sa khoa hoc nghien cuu qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai va ar
huang
ciia
no tai cac vung ven do
- Nghien
ciru
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai qua cac thai ky
- Nghien cuu muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
- Tim hieu su anh huang
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai tai doi song
ciia
dan cu
5
CAC KET QUA DAT
DU^gfC
- Ban
db
hien trang su dung dat nam

1994,
1999,
2001,
2003
. Bands biSn
dong
sii
dung
dk
cac giai doan
1994-1999,
1999-2001,
2001-2003
- Phan tich dien the
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai
- Ban do danh gia muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
- Phan tich anh huang
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai tai dai song
ciia
dan cu vt
do thong qua muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
6 TINH HINH KINH PHI CUA DE
TAI
- Kinh phi:
15
trieu dong (da quyet loan)
-
Thue

hien: nam 2006
XAC
NHAN
CUA
BAN
CHU
NHI?M
KHOA CHU
TRI DE TAI
P^.
TT -
A/t T^A^
^
Dinh Thj Bao Hoa
XAC NHAN CUA
TRU'dNG
<>v40 wif U TP^UONG
GS.TS^^in/
JiM^
ABSTRACT
1.
Project title: Study on process of land use conversion and its affect to living condition
babitate
in the urban fringe area in the period of industrialization and modemization (ca
study selected: one district at suburb of Hanoi)
2.
Code number: QT - 06 - 30
3.
Project manager: Dinh Thi Bao Hoa
4.

Objective and contents
4.1.
Objective
TQ
study on land use conversion and its affect to living condition of habitate in the
urbs
fringe area during the period of industrialization and modemization
4.2.
Content
- Liturature review about issues concerning to land use conversion and its affect at urba
fringe.
Studying on land use conversion over time
Studying on level of socio-economic development at commune/village
- Analyse the affect of land use conversion to socio-economic development
5.
Achieved results
- Land use map date
1994,
1999,
2001,
2003
- Map of land use change during
1994-1999,
1999-2001,
2001
-2003
Analyse process of land use conversion
Map of socio-economic development level
Analyse relationship between land use conversion and level of socio-economi
development.

6. Research fund and duration
- Reseach fund:
15.000.000
VND
(financal
balance closed)
- Duration: 2006
Faculty of geography approved Project manager
Dinh
Thi
Bao Hoa
Hanoi University of Science approved
iVlU^^
LU^^
L
DAT VAN DE 9
iir»
a^x
^->
II.
TONG QUAN CAC VAN
DE VE
QUA
TRINH
CHUYEN HOA
DAT DAI
VA ANH
HU'dNG
CUA NO
TOI DCH

SONG CUA DAN
CI/
VEN
DO 10
• i.
^\
11.1.
Van de chuyen hoa dat dai
thyc %\s
ia diem nong tai cac vung ven do 10
II.1.1.Vung
ven do 10
11.1.2.
NhOng
van de nay sinh tai vung ven do 14
11.2.
Tac dong cua qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai 14
11.3.
Xu
hu'O'ng
phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai cac vung ven do thj 15
IL4.
Mo
hinh
ly thuyet nghien
ciru
cac
viing
ven do 16
II.4.1.

Ly thuyet
cue
tang trucmg 16
n.4.2.
Thien lech do thi 17
U.S.
Mot so
hirong
nghien
ciiu
ve
viing
ven do da
duffc thue
hien 17
IIL
QUAN DIEM VA
PHU'ONG
PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
18
III.l.
Quan diem nghien
ciiu
18
III.l.L
Quan
die'm
lich
sir

18
111.1.2.
Quan diem he thong ve van de
sir
dung dat 19
III.
1.3. Quan diem
t6ng
hap 19
III.l.4.
Quan diem phat trien
bdn
vung 19
IIL2-
Phuang phap nghien ciiru 19
in.2.1.
Phuang phap nghien
cihi
dieu tra tong hap 19
IIL2.2.
Phuang phap thong ke 20
111.2.3.
Phuang phap dieu tra xa hoi hoc 20
111.2.4.
Phuang phap
viln
tham - ban d6 va he thong tin dia ly 20
IV. QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI HUYEN THANH TRI - HA NOI 20
IV.l.
Dac diem

di^u
kien tu nhien va kinh
xk
- xa hoi djnh hinh su dung dat khu
vyc
Thanh
Tri ; \. ;
20
IV.1.1.
Thanh
Tri
va moi quan he vdi noi do Ha Noi 20
IV.1.2.
Dac die'm dia chat khu vuc Thanh
Tri
xet duai goc do dia chat cong trinh 22
IV.1.3.
Dac diem dia mao khu
v\xc
Thanh Tri 23
IV.1.4.
Dia
hinh ^
23
IV.1.5.
Khi
hau, thuy van 24
IV.1.6.
Dac diem tho nhuang khu vuc Thanh Tri 25
IV.1.7.

Dac die'm dieu kien
kinh
te - xa hoi 25
a. Dan
cu-lao
dong
25
b.
Kinh
le
- xa hoi
;
26
c. Cac van de
moi
truang va cac chuang trinh phat trien 27
6
IV.l. Nghien
ciru
qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai khu
vyc
Thanh Tri 29
IV.2.i. ap dung phuang phap vien tham ket hap
GIS
nghien
cihi
qua
trinh
chuyen hoa
dat

dai
tai khu vuc Thanh
Tri
29
IV.2,2.
ling dung phuang phap
viSn
tham va mo
hinh
hoa ban d6 nghien ciiru xu hudng bien
d6ng
sir dung
dit
huyen
Hianh
Tri 29
IV.2.3.
D^
xua't di6u
chinh
sir
dung
dat
de tien tori quy hoach nam 2010 33
IV.2.4.
Danh gia tinh hinh sir dung dat trong giai doan
trudc
va sau nam lap quy hoach (1994
-2001
va 2001-2003) .*

34
IV.2.5.
Chuyen hoa
dat
dai va moi quan he
ciia
no
tdi
dac diem phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi
37
IV.2,6.
M6t
s6 nguyen nhan
dSn
tdi bie'n dpng sir dung
da't
46
V. DOI S6NG
KINH
T^
- XA HOI CUA
NGU^OI
DAN VUNG VEN DO 47
V.l.
Dieu tra tinh hinh phat trien kinh te
-
xa hoi ciia ngvoi dan viing ven do - khu
vyc
Thanh Tri, Ha Noi 47

V.2.
Phan tich du lieu va thanh lap ban do
mire
do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi khu vyc
Thanh Tri 48
V.2.1.
Phan kieu kinh te
-
xa hoi cua cac thon trong huyen 48
V.2.2.
Ban d6
miic
dp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi khu vuc Thanh
Tri
50
VI.
K6'T
QUA
VA
BAN LUAN 50
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 56
MUC LUC BANG
BIEU
Bang 1. Bien dpng sir dung dat huyen Thanh
Tri
giai doan 1994 - 1999 34
Bang 2. Bien dpng
sir
dung dat huyen Thanh Tri giai doan 1999-2001 34
Bang 3. Bien dpng sir dung dat huyen Thanh tri giai doan 2001 - 2003 35

Bang
4.
Toe
dp bien dong
sir
dung dat trung
binh
(ha/nam) qua cac giai doan 36
Bang 5.
Dubao
bien dpng
sir
dung dat 36
Bang 6. Cac kieu chuyen
d6i sir
dung dat 37
Bang 7.
So
luang va
toe
do tang trudng binh quan gia tri san xuat do huyen quan ly giai
doan 1991 - 2000
(Tinh
theo gia c6 dinh nam 1994) 40
Bang 8. Gia tri san xuat nong - lam -
thiiy
san huyen Thanh Tri (dan vi: trieu d6ng theo gia c6
dinh
nam 1994) 40
Bang 9. Ca cau gia tri san xuat cong nghiep va xay dung phan theo cap quan ly 41

Bang 10. Gia trj san xuat cong nghiep nho ngoai quoc doanh huyen Thanh Tri 41
Bang
11.
Doanh
so
ban le hang hoa va tong thu ngan sach tren dia ban huyen (dan vi: trieu
dong theo gia
codinh
nam 1994) 42
Bang 12. Chi tieu phat
trie'n
kinh te theo nganh
(%)
44
Bang 13. Chi tieu ca cau phat trie'n kinh te huyen Thanh Tri
(%)
44
Bang 14. Chuyen dich ca cau kinh te huyen Thanh Tri
(%)
44
Bang 15. Phan kieu kinh te
-
xa hoi theo thon/xa 49
Bang 16. Chuyen hoa dat
dai a
cac thon
c6
tan suat bien dpng sir dung dat a muc 2
(m^)
52

Bang 17. Chuye'n hoa dat dai
a
cac thon c6 tan suai bien dong sir dung dat a muc 3
(m^)
53
Bang 18. Chuye'n hoa dat dai
a
cac thon c6 tan suat bien dong
sudung
dat
a
muc 4
(m^)
54
7
MUC LUC HINH VE
Hinh
1.
Thanh Tri - Vi
tri viing
nghien ciru 22
Hinh 2. Ban d6 chi
sd
MSI phan
tich Xix
ban d6
sir
dung da't xa Linh Nam
31
Hinh 3. Ban d6 chi so MSI phan

tich tir
ban d6 sir dung da't xa Dai ang 31
Hinh 4. Ban d6
chi s6 MSI
phan
tich tir
ban d6
sir
dung da't xa Lien Ninh
31
Hinh 5. Gia tri MSI nam 2001 * 32
Hinh 6. Gia tri MSI nam 2003 32
Hinh 7. Bie'n
d6ng
gia tri MSI giai doan
2001
-2003 32
Hinh 8. Tin
s6
xuat hien cua gia tri MSI 33
Hinh 9.
Bie'u
d6 the hien
su chuyen
hoa luan phien giua cac
ki^u
sir dung da't 38
Hinh 10.
fii^u
d6 the hien chuye'n hoa sang da't xay dung vk giao th6ng 38

Hinh
11.
Bieu do the hien da't xay dung 6n dinh sau quy hoach 39
Hinh 12. Bieu
66
the hien da't xay dung 6n dinh tru6c quy hoach 39
Hinh 13. Bieu d6 the hien
su
chuyen hoa sang dat
d
39
(dan vi: trieu d6ng theo gia
c6
dinh nam 1994) 41
Detai:
NGHIEN CUU QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA
ANH HUONG CUA NO
T6|
DOI SONG CUA DAN
CU
VEN DO TRONG
GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA
• •
•
•
(LAY
vi
DU
MpT
HUYEN NGOAI THANH HA NOI)

I. DAT VAN DE
Bao cao tinh hinh phat trien
ciia
the giai nam 2003 nhan dinh rang trong 50 nam
qua, dan so the giai tang 3,5 ti nguai trong do 85% dong gop tir cac nuac dang phat
trien.
Tang dan so do thi la do tang tu nhien, do di cu tir nong thon ra thanh thj va ca con so
nhung
nguai song a nhirng viing nong thon vai mat
dp
dan so cao tai vung ven do. Cung
trong bao cao nay, van de dat ra la a cho phat trien c6
nghia
la lam the nao de dam bao
viec lam va chat
lugng
cupc song tot hon cho tat ca nhung nguai dan. Khi cac quoc gia
tra nen giau c6 thi
sir
doi hoi tang san
lugng
gan lien vai su chuyen dich tir qua phu thuoc
vao nong nghiep nhu la mot nguon thu nhap chinh chuyen sang thu nhap tir cac boat dong
phi nong nghiep de giam ap
lire
doi vai dat dai. Dieu nay ciing dong nghTa vai viec di
chuyen dan cu tir nong thon ra thanh thi va nhieu van de nay sinh tai vung dat giap ranh
do thi - nong thon la khong
iranh
khoi. Cac van de nay neu khong dugc quan tarn chu y se

dan tai cac hau qua dang tiec nhu tinh trang ngheo doi, bat cong va
6
nhiem moi truang.
Ha Noi la thu do, trung tarn kinh te, khoa hpc ky thuat va van hoa cua ca
nude,
c6
vi
tri
chien
luge
dac biet,
c6
vai tro quan trpng trong
sir
tang truang kinh te va giao
luu
vdi
cac nuac tren the giai. Trong cong cupc doi
mdi
cua dat
nude
sang
nen
kinh te' thi trucmg
theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu
nghla,
cimg vdi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa, su
gia tang dan so qua nhanh da day nhanh qua trinh do thi hoa a cac huyen ven do, gay
nhieu khd khan trong cong tac quan ly do thi noi chung, dat dai noi rieng, khien cho nhieu
khu vuc dang phat trien theo chieu hudng xau va khong ben virng.

Thanh Tri - mot huyen ven do, cira ngo
phia
nam
ciia Thii
do Ha Noi, c6 vi tri dac
biet quan trpng, la diem nut luu thong giira
Thii
do Ha Noi va cac tinh
phia bdc
vdi cac
tinh mien trung va mien nam
ciia nude
ta. Trong nhimg nam qua, ke tir khi
thue
hien chinh
sach ddi mdi, su phat trien d Thanh Tri da va dang dem Iai hieu qua kinh le cho
Thii
do Ha
9.
Ndi.
Tuy
nhifin,
ben
canh nhung ket qua dat dugc, Thanh
Tri
dang phai doi mat vdi nhieu
khd
khSn,
trong
sd'

do
v^
d6
khai thac tran
Ian
va
six
dung khdng hgp ly dat dai din den
mdi
tnrdng
hi suy thoai
mdt each
nghiem trong ca
ve chf^t lln ve
lugng, dem
Iai
hieu qua
siJf
dung
d&
tha'p,
tham
chi
ddi noi con lam xa'u di canh quan dd thi. Ket qua la ddi sdng
kinh
t^
-
van
hoa - xa
hdi

cua ngudi dan dia phuang khdng dugc dam bao, vi
the
lam anh
hudng
de'n
su phat
trie'n
cua Thanh Tri, Ha Ndi ndi rieng va ca
nude
ndi chung. Vi the,
nghien
cihi
qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai va anh hudng
ciia
no tdi ddi sdng
ciiat
dan cu d
huySft
ven dd nay la mdt
vSfn
d^
ca'p
bach.
n.
TONG QUAN CAC VAN DE VE QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA
ANH HU'dNG CUA NO
TOfI DOfl
SONG CUA DAN
CU"
VEN DO

II.l. Van de chuyen hoa dat dai thvc su- la diem nong tai cac vung ven do
a. Vung ven do
Trong
nhixng
nam 1940, nhirng thay ddi tai
nhimg
viing ven do
ciia
cac thanh phd
thu hut
sir
tap trung
chii
y
ciia
cac nganh lien quan tdi
sir
phan bd
ciia
chiing tren khdng
gian, dang
chii
y la dia ly dd thi. dien ra ca d Hoa Ky va cac
nude
Tay Au. Mdt
ITnh
yuc
quan trong
ciia
cac nghien

ciiu
do thi la tap trung nghien ciru qua trinh tao hinh tai viing
ven do, dang
chii
y tai nai gap nhau
ciia
dd thi va nong thon.
Thuat
ngir
vimg ven do dugc cac nha dia ly My sir dung
Ian
dau tien nham md ta
nhirng thay ddi dan cu d Louisiana giira nhimg nam 40 va nhirng nam 50. Trong
nhiing
nam nay, thuat
ngii
viing ven do dugc chap nhan rat rpng rai trong cac tai lieu khoa hpc
vdi nghla la mdt vimg nai
sir
tang trudng do thi
thii
cap dang dien ra va la nhirng noi cd
dac diem su dung dat pha trpn ca cho nong thon va dd thi, tao ra mot vung chuyen tiep
giira thanh phd va
lang
mac (Johnson, 1974:4).
\
r r
y y
/

y
»
Mot dieu chac chan rang
sir
pha tap ve su dung dat, cac dieu kien ve dja mao va
mat dp xay dung, cac mdi quan he mang tinh td hgp ve
chiic
nang va
sir
bien dpng cau
true
xa hdi cua cac viing ven dd nay dugc xac lap de bat dau
nhiJng
tranh luan khd hieu,
phiic
tap ve ranh gidi ca hpc cung nhu
nhiitig
gidi han ve khai niem
ciia
viing ven do.
Nhirng no
lire
dau tien nham cd gang dua ra khai niem chinh xac ve
mot.hien
tugng dd thi
ngoai vi (peri-urban) chu yeu
tir
cac nghien ciru
thii
nghiem d My. Mot tiep can theo

chiic
nang va dien mao
ciia
viing dd thj dugc luu tam dua tren cac phan tich ve dac diem nhu
10
mat
do,
dien mao va su dung dat
bien
ddi theo kieu phat tan tir phia dd thi. Dieu nay da
thach
thue
cac nha dja ly nong thon va cac nha dia ly nhan van ve canh quan chuyen tiep
giua thanh phd va lang mac khdng nhat thiet phai la ket qua
ciia siic hiit
dd thi, trimg lap
vdi thuat
ngix
rurban hoac ruralurban.
Tdi nam 1958, Kurtz va Eicher cd gang phan biet "viing ven
dd"
vdi "ngoai
d"
trong khi dd Wissink
(1962)
da tien xa hon vdi nhan djnh ve "gia ngoai
d",
ve tinh va gia
V?
tinh,

npi
va ngoai cua vung ven do. Trong so do cdn cd Andrew (1942) da tach biet
viing ven dd va viing ven do thi nong thon, cdn Duncan va Reiss
(1956)
xem xet nhirng
lanh dia bao quanh thanh phd khong la viing nong thon khdng cd trang trai thi la vimg
trang trai nong thon.
Vao cudi nhixng nam
1960,
Pryor (1968)
thii
dung
sir
thay ddi nhu mot ket qua va
mot thuat ngir td hgp dugc
sii
dung de dinh
nghia
su thay ddi nay vdi mot bac mdi dua
tren su phan tich nhimg giai doan khac nhau theo su xac lap su dung dat,
tire
la su phan
biet giira viing ngoai vi dd thi va ngoai vi ndng thdn.
Ngoai vi dd thj la nhirng vimg cd mat do dan cu, mat dp thuang nghiep va cdng
nghiep cao hon
miic
trung binh cua cac viing dd thj va ndng thdn, cung nhu la nhirng
viing cd ti le tang trudng dan so cao hom, cac qua trinh chuyen ddi su dung dat linh boat
hon va cac loai hinh mdng manh cua cac mang
ludi

truyen thong va giao thong giira cac
viing dan cu sinh sdng va noi lam viec.
Ngugc
Iai,
ngoai vi ndng thdn cd dac tinh la mat dp dan cu thap ban, ti le giira
phan dat bo hoang va dat canh tac
Idn
ban, toe dp tang trudng dan cu cham ban, cac qua
trinh bien dpng su dung dat va chuyen hda dat dai kem linh boat ban va hang ngay deu cd
su luan chuyen ve phia dd thi.
Ben canh cac dinh nghla ca hpc ve viing ven, vao nam 1965,
Pahl
di tdi xac djnh
nd la ket qua rieng cua cac qua trinh xa hdi,
chii
yeu la do
sir
di cu
ciia
cac gia dinh tang
Idp
trung luu ve phia thanh phd va xac lap phong
each
sdng dd thi.
Theo tdng ket cua John vd nnk (1995), dinh cu tai
'^'ung
ven"
dugc mo ta la
"khdng gian nai lien ket giira thi tran va lang mac"
(Mortimore,

1975),
"khu
vuc dinh cu
U
nam
giaa
c^c
cue
dd thj"
(Prioui
1977), "su
tich
tu ngheo
kho"
(Peil.
1975), "lang
ciia
dd
thi
Idn"
(van der
Berg.
1982),
"vknh
dai cua su ngheo khd"
(Granotier,
1980) va "nai 6
chudt ciia su
th^t
vgng"

(Stokes.
1962).
Cudi
nhutig nam
80, hudng nghien curu vung ven dd d cac
nude
dang phat
tri^n
dugc dat ra, bat
dSu tir
chau Phi. Co quan phat
tri^n
ndng thdn cua td chiic phat
tri^n
loan
cdu
(Office of Rural and Institutional Development - GRID) da
cha'p
nhan khai niem
''ven
do
Id viing
ndng dong lien ket
giiia
nong thon vd do thi, nai md cdc
hoqt
dong hS tra da
dang CO the kich thich
su
tdng truang kinh

texa
han
cho cd hai
vung ".
vao
nam 1989, Agency for International Development - AID cd nhiem vu nghien
ciJu
danh gia gia thuyet nay. Ket qua nghien curu lam rd van de
v^
qua trinh md rdng dd
thi va su phan
ki^u
kinh te - xa hdi theo 299
miu di6u
tra
tir
hd gia dinh sdng tai ven cac
thii dd
Bangkok,
Jakata
va
Santiago
ciia Chi Le.
Theo mdt tai lieu khac, vung ven dd dugc hieu la nhirng khu dan cu kien tnic ndng
thdn, cd kinh
te'
phat trien nhd vao viec san xuat, cung ling cho dd thi va cd
miic
dd dd thi
hda nhanh chdng, bi anh hudng

true
tie'p bdi su phat
trie'n
d trung tam dd thi, dd chinh
la
xac xa, huyen thudc thanh pho hoac lien ke thanh phd
Idn.
Viing ven dd cdn dugc nhan dinh la khu vuc chuyen tiep
giiJa
khdng gian dd thi
mdi va cii, la
ncri
chira dung nhirng gia tri van hda va lich
sir
trudc va sau.
(Thinh
tai nai
day dien ra su bien ddi
phiic
tap
ve
khdng gian va kinh te - xa hdi qua cac giai doan thang
tram cua qua trinh dd thi hoa. Qua trinh dd thi hda tuy tao ra su thay ddi dien mao trong
nen kinh te d day nhung
ciing
de
Iai
nhirng thach
thiic
khdng nhd the hien d nhu cau su

dung
ddt,
nhu
ci\x \t
su
phat
trien mot ca sa
ha
tdng dong
bg,
nhu cau ve
chdt luang
dan
so the hien d
sir
thich
ling
vdi mdt trinh dp phat trien kinh
te'
- xa hdi mdi dong thdi van
phdi bao
ton vd gin
g//?nhiJng
gia trj van hda, lich sir va ton giao cho mudn ddi sau.
Ben canh dd, cd nhieu phuang phap djnh nghTa cac viing tien dd thj, MDP
(2001b)
nhan dinh 4 loai dua tren:
- Tieu chi ca hpc bao gom loai hinh dudng pho va mat dp nha d.
- Tieu chi chirc nang xoay quanh cac he thong truyen thong,
mire

dp viec lam va
mang ludi giao thong.
12
- Tieu chi xa hdi va tam ly xa hdi gan vdi su xac lap chat lugng cudc sdng dd thj va
ddi song xa
hgi
chung cua con ngudi.
- Tieu chi hanh chinh tu ranh gidi hanh chinh.
Nghien
ciiu di^n
hinh ve su thay ddi dien ra tai
viing
ven dd cung dugc
Micheal
Leaf (2002)
tie'n
hanh tai hai khu vuc d Trung Quoc va Viet Nam trong bdi canh toan
cSu
hoa. Tac gia da nhan djnh rang cac thanh phd d Viet Nam va Trung Qudc bdc
Id
su thay
ddi nhanh chdng tren phuang dien "kinh te khong gian do thi" ma trudc day chua
h^
cd.
Day mdt
ph^
la do su md rdng
Ian
toa tir nhan dd thi
vi

hudng ngoai d
ciing
vdi su dao
ddng ciia
Ian
sdng dan di cu
tuf
vung ndng
thdn.
Vi
the' nhin nhan va'n
d€
nay khdng
ih^
tach khoi bdi canh ciia dd thi. Cac qua trinh dien ra hay cac
kidu
thay ddi cd
the'
nhan
tha'y
tai vung gd do thi nay phai dugc
gdn
vdi vung dd thi rdng
Idn
nhu la mdt mdng khong gian
chuyen
tiep,
bao gom noi do doi mai vd tdi phat trien, do thi hod tai cho vd su phdn hod
ngdy cdng tdng
ciia

cdc loai hinh
sut
dung ddt. Bien ddng dd thi tai hai qudc gia nay cd the
hie'u
la ket qua cua qua trinh toan
cSu
hoa dang tie'p dien. An dudi qua trinh nay qua trinh
dd thi hoa tai cac lang tien dd thi - mdt dau hieu quan trpng va la tieu
chi
nhan biet
each
xac lap phong
each
sdng
kie'u
dd thi d timg qudc gia.
Su hinh thanh kinh te khdng gian dd thi d Trung Qudc va Viet Nam da thiic day
nhieu thay ddi
Idn
ve cau triic tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi da ton tai trudc day trong cac lang
que tai vimg "gd"
ciia
nhieu thanh
phd
Dieu dd the hien d
sir
da dang cua cac canh quan
dan xen nhau vdi mat dp day dac
hem
tai cac lang tien dd thi, su hoa trpn san sat

ciia
cdng
nghiep quy md nhd vdi cac boat dpng thuang nghiep, dan cu va ndng nghiep. Van de mdi
trudng da dugc dat ra khdng
chi
do
sir ma't
mat hay
sir
xao trpn cua cac viing ndng nghiep
tien dd thi ma cdn d su yeu kem ve kha nang
kidm
soat mdi trudng cua cac boat dpng
cdng nghiep.
Chac chan viing tien dd thj la mot khai niem gan vdi mot viing hoac mot dien tich
noi ma qua trinh phat trien dd thj va ndng thdn gap nhau. Tai noi nay thudng khdng mang
tinh ken dac ma la lanh dia phat tan bao gom cac ddi tugng va hien tugng dugc hinh
thanh phan Idn
do-cac
boat dpng trong ban than dd thi.
Su phat
triSn
cac viing tien do thi la ket qua khdng the tranh khdi
ciia
qua trinh dd
r
^
y
thi hda. Khi cac thanh phd d cac
nude

dang phat trien tang trudng, cac vung tien dd thj di
chuyen nhu cac Ian sdng.
b.
Nhirng
van de nay sinh tai vung ven do
Cac van de ndi bat ma nghien cuu cu the tai cac viing ven do d Thai
Ian,
Malaysia
va Chi Le da cho thay la:
-:
da so nhimg ngudi dan sdng tai vung ven do cd thu nhap thap, di cu tir ndng thdn
hoac tir nhung lang / thj tran cua cac tinh.
- Hinh anh vk dan cu tai day la ddng nhat ve xa hdi ciing nhu kinh te vdi rat it
sir
khac biet
- Cd
sir
ddng gdp cua cua khoan thu nhap khdng chinh nghia va
sir
lien ket dang chii
y vdi ndng nghiep
- Day la mdt khdng gian chuyen tiep ve kinh te va xa hdi, viing ven do la khdp ndi
kinh te dd thj va ndng thdn, tao ca hdi cd mdt khdng hai de kich thich su tang
trudng cho ca hai viing.
Anh hudng
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai tdi
sir
suy giam tai nguyen va su hinh
thanh viing dd thj md rpng d Jakarta da dugc

Firman(1997)
nhan manh. Su md rpng
ciia
qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai da de dpa nghiem trpng tdi mdi trudng va su phat trien ben
virng
ciia
toan viing.
II.2.
Tac dong cua qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai
Ca quan phat trien qudc gia d Anb (The UK dept. for international development -
DFID)
hien dang hd trg chuang trinh "peri-urban interface production system
-
PUI"
trong
chien
luge
nghien
ciiu
tai nguyen tai tao dugc. Dan vi quy hoach phat trien (development
planning unit - DPU) dugc
chi
djnh tham gia trong chuang trinh nay vdi hudng nghien
ciiu
tap trung vao "Quan ly va quy hoach mdi trudng" nham giam ddi ngheo va giam thieu
cac va'n de mdi trudng d nhimg nai nay. Hai mang tdng quan chinh gan lien vdi PUI da
dugc cap nhat, vdi cac danh gia ve tam quan trpng cua PUI va ca tinh trang ddi ngheo. Cd
nghla la cac phan tdng quan se la mot loai tai lieu quan trpng ve hai mang.
ihiir
nhat la van

de ddi ngheo va thu hai la van de tai nguyen va quan ly tai nguyen tai PUI.
14
d^u
cdn xa su that. Nottingham va liverpool Universities (1998) coi cac dinh nghla ve
PUI la mdng manh va khdng phii hgp vi the' da lam ban che nhimg nghien cuu chuyen
sau
v^
v^n
de nay. Racodi cho rang
it
cd nhiing nghien
ciiu
ve PUI va cac nghien
ciiu
dugc
thue
hien tha't thudng vdi cac
miic
do ndng sau khac nhau.
van
d^
ddi ngheo va suy thoai mdi trudng dugc nhan dinh la se rat sau sac sd
viing PUI ban ba't
cu:
nai nao khac. Day la ket qua cua qua trinh tdng hgp hoac tuang
tac giiia cac mat
ciia
v^
de d ca dd thi va ndng thdn va vi the qua trinh nay dang trd
nen ngay cang sau sac han tai PUI.

II.3.
Xu
hvang
phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai cac
viing
ven do thi
d
cac nude dang phat trien, van de ndng nghiep dd thj la quan trong, van de
ndng nghiep dd thj quan trpng vi nd lam giam bdt
sir
phu thudc nhap khau thue pham
d%
nudi dudng dan cu dd thj dang tang trudng manh.
Nen kinh te nay tdn tai nhieu mdi quan he mac
dii
nd khdng can phai xuat hien
trong cac tai lieu thdng ke.
Sir
bd tri sir dung dat trong trudng hgp nay la rat can thiet
t
ft
de tao ca hdi cho san xuat thue pham dd thj.
Ddi tugng tham gia boat ddng ndng nghiep dd thj khdng chi la dan ngheo do thj
ma cdn ca cac thanh vien bac trung luu. 90% vudn nha va cac canh ddng xa thi tran
dugc dung de canh tac va trong rau cho cac gia dinh, day la mdt phuang thiic thu nhap
(tiet kiem). Cac thanh vien d bac trung
liru
d cac viing mat dp vira phai va cac viing
mat dp thap chu yeu boat ddng chan nudi, ho ban sura,
triing

- day la phuang thirc bao
toan tieu chuan sdng trong bdi canh lam phat.
Ndng nghiep dd thi ciing lau ddi nhu cac thanh phd cua nd. Nhdm thu nhap
thap da tham gia ndng nghiep do thj va lay dd lam giai phap sdng cdn. Hoat dpng nay
xem ra la mdt van de ban la mdt giai phap. Bdi the ndng nghiep dd thj rat it hoac tham
chi khdng nhan dugc su hd trg tir chinh quyen. Nhung cd nhieu nghien ciru cho thay
ndng nghiep dd thj
true
tiep dem Iai su an toan ve thirc pham cho gia dinh va gian tiep
dem Iai thu nhap. Ngoai ra NNDT cdn dem Iai ca hdi viec lam, sir dung mot phan chat
thai va tai tao
Iai.
Mac
dii
vay, chinh quyen van coi NNDT la hoat dong trai phap luat.
15
II.4.
Mo
hinh
ly thuyet nghien
ciru
cac
viing
ven do
11.4.1.
Ly thuyet
cxtc
tang
trirdng
Ly

thuySt
cue tang trudng dua tren
Idng
tin
ciia
chinh
phii
d cac qudc gia dang
phat
triln vl sir
phat
triln
kinh
xk
se dat dugc tir nhirng
dSu
tu manh me trong cdng
nghiep d cac trung tam dd thi
Idn.
Sir
tang trudng nay dugc du kien se md rdng ra cac
viing ndng thdn trong qua trinh phat
tri^n
viing (Rondinelli,
1985;
Unwin,
1989)
Kinh nghiem cho
thiy
khd ma dat dugc thanh cdng khi ly

thuylt
ve
cue
tang
trudng
gan
vdi quy hoach tir tren xudng, qua tap trung vao cdng nghe cao va phat trien
cdng nghiep dd
thi.
Douglass tdng
kit
su phan chia hanh ddng khi ca sd cua cac ly thuyet ve cue
tang trudng trong quy hoach phat trien tdi tir:
- Nhirng nam 50, cac tranh luan tap trung vao vai trd ky sinh hoac lam san sinh ra
ciia
cac thj
trSn
ddi vdi viing dat ndng thdn sau lung nd, chap nhan rang
sir
tang
trudng kinh te va bien dai hda yeu cau phai chuyen mdt lugng du thira tir bd
phan ndng nghiep sang cdng nghiep, vi the lam hai hda giira
sir
chiem dpat cac
tai nguyen ndng thdn, vdn va
lao
ddng
ciia
cac thanh phd
- Vao cudi nhirng nam 50, cac tranh luan xem xet mot md hinh thich hgp dua

tren su phan hda khdng gian va mdi quan he trung tam - ngoai vi
11.4.2.
Thien lech do thi
Da sd cac ddi khang d cac nude ngheo tren the gidi khdng phai giira vdn - lao
ddng, ciing khdng phai giira mdi quan tam cua nude ngoai va ban dja ma la giira vimg
ndng thdn
vadd
thj.
Nhan djnh ca ban cua Lipton ve thien lech dd thj la dan cu do thi cd nhieu
quyen
lire
ban dan cu ndng thdn, cd kha nang lam chech hudng
sir
chia se tai nguyen
cho chinh ho va ddi lap vdi bd phan ndng thdn
16
II.5.
Mot so
hvdrng
nghien
ciru
ve vung ven do da dvorc thvc hien
1
Td chiic danh gia viec
ki^m
soat dd thi hda quy md qudc gia vie't tat la
NUMA
(National Urbanization monitoring assessment) da thue hien cdng trinh nghien
cihi
ve su

chuyen
tir ndng thdn sang thanh thi thdng qua dd thi hda.
h»p://rockvitr.cr.usgs.gov/rmgsc/pdf/numa.pdf
NghiSn cihi
bat
d^u
bang viec thanh lap ban dd tiep tuc chuyen ddi tir ndng thdn
sang thanh thj vao nam 1974 da sap xep cac dia hat vao mdt trong 4 loai sau: dd thj, dd thj
thii
sinh,
dd thi md rdng va ndng thdn
d^
nghien
ciiu
cac
vSh
d^
sau:
- cac vung dd thi tiep tuc la ddng luc kinh
te'
dan tdi dd thi hda vung.
- dinh hinh dd thi cd
the'
I2[y
theo
ngudng
mat dp va su phat
tri^n
ca sd ha
t^g.

- dd thi hoa
xua't
hien nhanh ban d cac vimg dd thi md rdng khi so sanh vdi 3 virng
cdn
Iai.
- Cac
viing
kinh te' phat trie'n manh nha't va cd
miic
dp tang trudng dan tdc hgc cao
nha't se la ddng luc dd thi hoa nhanh nhat.
Di giai quyet td't cac va'n de nay, cac gia thiet nghien cuu da dugc dat ra:
1.
Cd phai td'c dd tang trudng dd thj, loai hinh dd thi va su
chuye'n
ddi sir dung da't d
cac viing kinh te khac nhau se khac nhau?
2.
Cd phai dd thj boa bien ddi phu thudc vao cac viing thdng ke quan trpng trong mot
viing kinh te?
3.
Sir
chuyen ddi sir dung da't dugc su dung de du doan su chuyen ddi ndng nghiep -
dd thi?
4.
Cac viing kinh te dac thu va cac hinh thai dd thj dang la nguyen nhan gay anh
hudng
Idn
ban ve kinh te sinh thai va xa hdi cd phai khdng?
Mdt nghien

ciiu
khac da dugc thue hien nham udc
tinh
chr sd chuyen hda dat
dai.
Estimating the determinants of land conservation Leland Joseph R. de la Cruz
Nghien curu nay udc
tinh miic
dp chuyen boa dat dai theo md hinh thirc nghiem dua
tren Hardie (for publication
Alig
&
Healy
(1987) va Brueckner and Fansler (1982).
Nghien
ciiu
de xuat mot md hinh chuyen hda dat dai gia thiet la
sir
tang len d cac vimg
xay dung se lam tang them
sir
chuyen hda da't dai. Xac dinh bien dpng (nhirng thay ddi) d
nhirng viing nay dugc gia thiet la anh hudng ngiu nhien tdi
sir
chuyen hda sir dung dat.
17
L)A.
HOC
QUOC
GiA

r-A
NQi
Tf^UNG
TAr«/
THCNG TIN THU
VlEN
DT/
6
^
S'
gia
thu6
d^t
ndng nghiep. Ket qua cho tha'y chuyen hda da't dai tang len ciing vdi su
tang cua thu nhap va dan sd nhung nd khdng anh hudng tdi gia nha,
kich
ca thira hoac
thu nhap ndng nghiep. Dieu nay cd nghla la cac chinh sach se lam tang gia thue da't
ndng nghiep hoac chi
phi xay
dung khu dan cu se khdng xac dinh su md rpng cac viing
xay
dung trii khi thu nhap va dan cu tang len.
IIL QUAN DIEM VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN
CUtJ
III.l. Quan diem nghien
cihi
IIL1.1.
Quan diem
Ijch sir

Dac
didm
sir dung da't viing ven dd ciing nhu dac
didm
sir
dung
da't dai ndi
chung, dugc xac lap tren mot nen tang chinh tri - xa hoi cu
thd.
Su thay ddi hudng sir
dung va khai thac lanh thd phan anh su
lua
chan cua con ngudi sao cho
phii
hap vdi
quy da't, nhu cau ciia thj trudng, trinh dp nhan thirc ve chiic nang cua dat dai, su thay
ddi the che chinh tri, su thay ddi ve quan he san xuat cung nhu phuang thiic san xuat.
Do vay, de tang
tinh
kha thi
ciia
phuang an quy hoach sir dung da't viing ven dd,
c^n
phai tim hieu cac loai hinh sir dung dat trong bdi canh lich sir
ciia
nd.
IIL1.2.
Quan diem he thong ve van de
surdung
dat

Nhin nhan va'n de sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd tren quan diem he thdng cd
nghia la pham vi nghien
ciiu
va'n de sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd dugc trien khai
trong khdng gian dugc coi la mot dia tdng the, tuan theo quy luat phat trien
ciia
tu
nhien, van hanh nhip nhang theo su van dpng
ciia
xa hdi. Nhu vay, su thay ddi mot yeu
td se dan tdi su thay ddi cua toan bp he thdng.
Sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd la mot he thdng con trong mot he thdng
Ian
han
cua sir dung hgp ly quy da't dai thanh phd. Vi the sir dung hgp ly da't vung ven dd phai
van
hanh nhip nhang de hoa nhap vao cac he thdng
Idn
ban dong thdi de dam bao qua
trinh trao ddi nang lugng, vat chat, thdng tin cua he sinh thai dd thi.
III.1.3.
Quan diem tong hdp
Cac hgp phan hinh thanh nen cau triic sir dung da't ven do
deu
nam trong mot mdi
quan he thdng qua cac
Igi
I'ch
ve kinh te - xa hoi va moi trudng. Xet ve hieu qua sir
dung da't, khdng the danh gia rieng timg

Igi
I'ch
ma phai xem xet danh gia tdng hgp.
Sir
dung da't khdng chi nham dat dugc muc tieu kinh
te
ma pha va mdi trudng tham chi
18
quen di
hidu
qua kinh te hay cac tac ddng tdi mdi trudng.
III.l.4.
Quan diem phat
trien
ben
wQng
Theo FAO, phat
tridn
ben virng la su khai thac sir dung tai nguyen de thoa man
nhu
c^u
ciia
con ngudi hdm nay ma khdng lam tdn hai den cupc sdng cua cac the he
mai sau, la su chung sdng hoa binh
giira
thien nhien va con ngudi. Ndi mdt
each
khac,
phat
tridn

ben
vihig
la cdc chuans trinh duac thiet
ke'
nhdm ndns
cao dieu kien sons
cua can
nsudi
irons khi vdn bao ve tot cdc nsuon tdi nsuyen. Dudi gdc dp san xuat, dat
dai la ngudn tai nguyen cd ban nen viec sir dung da't cang phai tuan theo quan
di^m
phat
tridn
b^n
vung. Dudi gdc do la tu lieu sinh boat, dia ban dinh cu cua con ngudi, thi
viec sir dung da't phai tao
nen
mot khdng gian dam bao cac
chi
sd phat trien cua mot dd
thi ben virng.
III.2.
Phuong
phap nghien
ciiru
111.2.1.
PhUdng
phap nghien curu dieu tra tong hdp
Sii'
dung phuang phdp nghien

ciiu
dieu tra tong hap di tien hanh dieu tra khao
sat
thue
dia ve cac hgp phan tu nhien cung nhu dac die'm kinh te - xa hdi. Ket hgp
nghien
ciiu
va phan tfch trong phdng, chiing tdi tim hieu dac diem dac
thii
ciing nhu
sir
phan hoa lanh thd
ciia
vimg nghien
ciiu.
111.2.2.
Phi/dng
phap thong ke
Sudung
phuang phdp thdng ke de phan
tich,
danh gia cac dir lieu thdng ke trong
nien giam thdng ke hang nam
ciia
huyen Thanh Tri va dua ra ket luan ve
sir
phat trien
kinh te - xa hdi cua huyen qua cac giai doan. Ddng thdi, sir dung phuang phap nay de
xir ly cac
dfl

lieu thdng ke tir cac phieu dieu tra nham dua ra nhirng nhan xet xac dang
ve su phan hoa lanh thd theo
miic
dp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
19
Sut
dung phuang phdp dieu tra xd hoi
hgc
(ddnh gia nhanh nong thon co su tham
gia cua
ngUdi
dan) vdi muc
dich
thu thap thdng tin qua cac bien de nam dugc tinh hinh
phat
tridn
kinh te'- xa hoi, qua dd cd dugc nhirng nhan
djnh
toan dien,
dSy
du ve khu vuc
nghien
ciiu.
III.2.4.
PhiTdng
phap vien tham - ban do va he thong tin dja ly
Su dung phuang phdp vien thdm de co duac thdng tin ve hien trang sir dung
da^t/ldp
phu mat da't va dd hien
chinh

ban do dia hinh (cap nhat thdng tin tren ban dd dia
hinh).
SAdung
phuang phdp ban do vd he thong tin dia ly di
tich
hgp cac md hinh ban dd
va thdng tin
tiif
cac ngudn khac nham dua ra cac nhan dinh va ket luan sau sac ve qua
.
trinh chuyen boa da't dai tai vimg ven dd - Thanh Tri.
IV. Qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai huyen Thanh Tri - Ha Noi
IV.L Dac diem dieu kien
tu*
nhien va kinh te - xa hoi dinh hinh
su*
dung dat
khu
vu'c
Thanh Tri
IV.1.1.
Thanh Tri va moi quan he vdi noi do Ha Noi
Trong dieu chinh quy hoach chung thanh phd Ha Ndi nam 1989, viing ven dd
ciia
Ha Ndi nam trong pham vi md rdng cua ndi thanh ve
phia
nam, tay nam va tay bac la cac
xa thudc huyen Thanh Tri, huyen Sdc San, huyen Gia Lam va huyen Ddng Anh.
Thanh Tri la viing ven dd, khdng chi la nai md rpng pham vi
ciia

Ha Ndi ma cdn la
cira ngd
phia
nam, nai tap trung dau mdi giao thdng quan trpng. Chinh vi the trong mdt
thdi gian ngan, nhieu du an giao thdng nhu du an Qudc
Id
IB,
Du an Cau Gie, Du an
cau
Thanh Tri tren dja ban da dugc trien khai. Ngoai ra, viing ven dd nay cdn la mdt
"bdn
chiia
nude
thai" cua thanh phd, mot dac die'm dac
thii chi
cd d Thanh Tri.
Chi
rieng khu
vuc Van Dien - Cau Buau da tiep nhan khoang 300.000-330.000 mVngay dem
nude
thai
sinh boat chay ra tir ndi thanh, khu cdng nghiep Thugng Dinh
nam
d
phia
nam Ha Ndi
cung xa vao bon trung Thanh Tri tdng lugng
nude
30.000-35.000
mVngay

dem va khu
cdng nghiep VTnh Tuy vdi tdng lugng
nude
thai 15.000-18.000 mVngay dem. Nhu vay,
khac vdi cac viing ven dd
phia
tay, tay bac Ha Ndi, Thanh Tri la nai tieu thoat
nude ciia
Ha Ndi, la dau mdi giao thdng quan trpng,
thue sir
cd vi
tri
chien
luge
ddng gdp vao
sir
phat trien kinh te cung nhu cupc sdng cua mdi ngudi dan dd thi.
Tinh
trang ngap
ling
d
20
Thanh
Tri \k
mdi de dga mdi trudng cho ngudi dan nai day, dac biet vao nhung ngay mua
bao vi lugng nude mua
ddn
vi cung lugng nude xa thai trong ciing mdt thdi gian ngan
khdng tieu thoat kip. Chinh vi
the'

ben canh
nhflng
du
dn
phdt
trien
ca sa
ha
tdng,
a Thanh
Tri cdn cd cdc du dn nhdm cdi thien moi
trucmg
rieng
ciia Thanh Tri cflng nhu dam bao
mdi trudng chung cua Ha Ndi,
di^n
hinh la
dudn thodt nuac cong vien Yen
Sa.
Vdi vai trd la vanh dai xanh cung ca'p luang thue, thue
ph^m
cho ndi thanh, Thanh
Tri
diing
di\x cac huyen ngoai thanh
v^
nang suat
trdng
rau (30,23
ta'n/ha),

thii
hai la
T&
Lierh 19,11
ta'n/ha va
thSip
nha't la Sdc San (10,51 ta'n/ha). Tuy dien
tich
trdng rau ft ban
huyen Ddng Anh
(1.000
ha) nhung san lugng rau ma Thanh Tri trdng dugc hang nam
tuong duang vdi Ddng Anh. Dac biet dien
tich
nudi trdng thuy san d Thanh Tri
raft
Idn,
ga'p ddi Ddng Anh,
ga'p
3 Sdc San,
ga'p 4
Gia Lam va
Tiir
Liem.
Vi
CO
ban, Thanh Tri la
viing
ven dd, ki can ndi thanh, cd lien he mat thiet vdi dd
thi trung tam Ha Ndi thdng qua cac boat ddng san xua't cung cap thue pham cho ndi thanh

ddng thdi cd nhjp dap chung vdi Ha Ndi bdi su nhay cam ve mdi trudng.
Dii lieu thdng ke cho tha'y chi trong vdng 10 nam (1991-2000)
k^
tir khi bat
d^u
qua trinh "Ddi
mdi"
the hien tren
ITnh
vuc phat trie'n kinh te' - xa hdi va luat da't dai thi
dien
tich
da't ndng nghiep tren toan Thanh phd Ha Ndi giam 2.000 ha do quy hoach va
viec thanh lap nhiing quan ndi thanh mdi, rieng d huyen Thanh Tri giam 660,5 ha di md
rdng dat thd cu va da't chuyen dung. Nhu vay, Thanh Tri la mdt trong 5 huyen ngoai thanh
Ha Ndi, vdi dien
tich
khdng
Idn
da ddng gdp gan 1/3 quy dat cho phat trien dd thj. Dieu
dd chiing td rang qua trinh dd thi hoa d huyen Thanh Tri dang dien ra manh me.
Vieg kie'm
soat tinh hinh sir dung dat d viing nay trong giai doan nay trd
nen
quan
trong ban bao gid het khdng chi vi vj
tri
quan trpng la cira ngd
phi'a
nam

ciia
Thii Dd, la
ddu
mdi giao thdng quan trpng, la nai thanh
Ipc
cac chat thai cua ndi thanh ma cdn la
vung da't phat trien theo hudng
"ndng
nghiep - dd thi" nudi dudng ndi thanh.
IV.1.2.
Dac diem dia chat khu
viic
Thanh Tri xet
di/di
gdc do dja chat cong trinh
Ban thuyet minh Atlas Thanh Tri md ta dac diem dia chat cdng trinh khu vuc
Thanh Tri dua tren nguyen tac phan chia cac nhdm da't va trat tu phan bd cac Idp da't dia
chat cdng trinh theo chieu thing diimg
tir
tren xudng dudi (vdi tinh chat ca ly phuc vu cho
viec xay dung cac cdng trinh dan dung) nhu sau.
21
?r;
-i t
I.
/ SocSdn \
j
\ ^\
I
•• *% "J

i
i
I
-^' Dong
Anh
J
i
r*^'-,-
. \.i
j„ _ ;
'tCfLiemV \''
- '
-\
\ •'•'•': \
V
^ '^^ \,-{y Gia
Lam
,•'
/
Thanh
Ti4i j
i
1^^^^^.
i
105'46*
100-00*
Hinh
1.
Thanh Tri - Vi
tri

viing nghien
ciiu
Theo phan loai da't da dia chat cdng trinh ciia UNESCO thi cd 4 nhdm da't nhung d
Thanh Tri chi xuat hien 3 nhdm the hien d
3
khu.
Khu
I:
Khu nay chiem hau het dien
tich
trong de cua huyen.
Dat yeu phd bien khap nai. Dieu kien dja chat thuy van rat phiic tap.
Siic
chiu tai
cua nen dat trung binh tir
1
- 2
kg/cm^
rat khdng thuan
Igi
cho xay dung, thudng phai ap
dung cac bien phap xir ly gia cd nen mdng.
Khu 2: Day la khu trung thap tfch tu sdng hd dam
l^y.
Chiing phan bd rai rac trong huyen
nhu d Dinh Cdng, Hoang Liet, Tir Hiep, Yen My, Ddng My, cd dp cao tir 3 - 5 m. Khu
vuc nay cung khdng thuan
Igi
cho
xay

dung.
Khu 3: Day la bai bdi hien dai ven sdng, phan bd thanh dai ngoai de phfa ddng huyen
Thanh Tri. Dia hinh cao thap khdng deu, dp cao tuyet ddi tir
5
- 10 m. Dieu kien dia
chat thuy van cung khac vdi 2 khu tren.
Nhin
chung khu vuc nay khong thich hgp cho xay
dung dan dung va cdng nghiep. Khi xay dung cdng trinh nhu tram bam thuy Igi, ke,
cdng thudng
gap khd khan Idn trong viec md hd mdng, xir ly nen va ca nhirng bien phap
22
^
bao ve cdng trinh, han che' su cdng pha cua ddng chay va cac hien tugng dia chat ddng luc
khac.
IV.1.3.
Die diem dja mao khu
virc
Thanh Tri
Thanh Tri la mdt
phSn
nhd ciia chau thd sdng Hdng, dia hinh ndi chung dan dieu.
Xet
v^
hinh thai,
phSn
Idn dien tfch ciia Thanh Tri la ddng bang tfch tu cd ngudn gdc do
sdng hoac sdng hd. Xet
v^
thdi gian thanh tao

Iai chii ye'u
trong Holocen, vi vay tren ban
dd
dja
mao se phan biet nhimg dien tfch tfch tu
trSm
tich cd thdi gian thanh tao khac nhau.
Dac die'm cac dang dia hinh nhu sau: Bai
boi
cao cua song; Cac go ndi cao; Bai
boi hien dai; Dong
bdng tich
tu hon hgp song - ho - dam lay.
IV.1.4.
Dia
hinh
.
Thanh Tri nhin chung cd dia hinh tuang ddi bang phang vdi dp doc tir
0°-3°,
dp cao
trung binh so vdi mat nude bie'n tir 4-5m
Dac biet, Thanh Tri la mdt vimg trung. Trong dja ban huyen, de sdng Hdng chay
theo hudng bac nam chia huyen Thanh Tri thanh hai phan la phan trong de va phan ngoai
de.
Dac die'm nay da tao ra nhirng loai hinh
sir
dung da't dac trung cho timg viing. Trong
khi da't trong de khdng thudng xuyen bj ung ngap bdi che dp
nude
sdng thi

Iai
hay bi ung
ngap mdi mua mua tdi vi Thanh Tri la nai tiep nhan ngudn
nude
thai chay tir ndi thanh
qua 4 con sdng chfnh dd la sdng Lir, sdng Set, sdng Kim Nguu va sdng Td Lich. Phan
ngoai de vdi dia hinh cao ban trong de
Iai
thudng xuyen dugc
phii
sa bdi dap nen cac deo
da't ven sdng dugc sir dung
de
trdng cac
loai
cay hoa mau.
Dia hinh d Thanh Tri cd tfnh phan bac doc dao. Phan trong de dau dd cdn sdt
Iai
dien mao tu nhien
ciia
vung tir trudc khi cd de sdng Hdng vdi cau tao be mat gidng nhu
mdt mang trung. Mot vi trf dia ly va dia the be mat nhu vay dudng nhu da tien dinh mot
each
tu nhien
chu:c
nang kinh te va mdi trudng
ciia
khu vuc ven dd Thanh Tri.
- Khu vuc trong de: dia hinh tuang ddi bang phang, dp chenh cao tuang ddi la 3,7
m.

- Khu vuc ngoai de: la mot huyen nam ven sdng Hong, Thanh Tri cd mot dien tfch
kha
Idn
nam d ngoai de,
chii
yeu tap trung tai 5 xa:
Linh
Nam, Yen Sd, Yen My. Duyen
Ha va Van Phiic. Dp cao tuyet ddi
ciia
dia hinh ngoai de cao ban so vdi dia hinh trong de.
23
.r
.,
IV.1.5.
Khi
hau,
thuy
van
Nam trong ddng bang Bac Bd,
di^u
kien khi hau thuy van
ciia
Thanh Tri mang dac
tnmg ciia khf hau thuy van viing ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng, dd la khf hau nhiet ddi
im,
gid
miia,
cd
miia

ddng lanh.
Miia
khd keo dai lit thang 10 den thang 4 va
miia
mua tir
thang 5 de'n thang 9. Hudng gid thdng tri la ddng bac va ddng nam. Tdc dp gid cue dai la
20 - 25 m/s trong
miia
mua. Tuy nhien, d ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng khdng cd mua
khd tuyet dd'i vi dd
im
quanh nam
ludn
cao tren 80%, lugng mua trung binh nam khoang
1.500 mm cao han
nhi6u
so vdi ngudng phan chia
viing
khd va viing am la 500 mm. Tai
Trung tam Du bao Khf tugng thuy van (Lang), cac sd lieu quan sal trung binh nam nhu
sau: nhiet dd
23,5''C,
lugng mua 1674,4 mm, dd
^m
84%, sd gid nang trong ngay 4,0. Sd
ngay mua
phiin
trong nam tai Ha Ndi la 42,7 ngay. Hien tugng thdi tie't nay tap trung
nhieu nha't vao thang 3 (14,5 ngay). Sd ngay suang mil trong nam la
11,7

ngay, xua't hien
nhieu nha't vao thang 12 (2,6 ngay).
Dac biet d Thanh Tri, cd 4 con sdng thoat nude
cbi'nh
cua ndi dd chay qua dd la:
- Sdng Td Lich (doan qua huyen ddi 14,6km), chay qua dia phan cac xa Thanh Liet,
Dai Kim, Tam Hiep va Hoang Liet, dd vao sdng Nhue sau khi qua dap Thanh Liet. Tai
doan cudi, sdng Td Ljch dam nhan loan bd
nude
thai cua thanh phd.
- Sdng Lir (doan qua huyen ddi 2,4 km), chay qua dia phan cac xa Dinh Cdng, Dai
Kim sau khi nhan
nude
thai tir ndi dd, cudi cung dd vao sdng Td Lich, gdp them lugng
nude thai va
nude
mua mdi khi
miia
mua den.
- Sdng Set (doan qua huyen ddi 2,5km), chay qua dia phan xa Thinh Liet, van
chuyen nude thai tir ndi dd va dd vao sdng Td Lich tai Thanh Liet.
- Sdng Kim Nguu (doan qua huyen ddi 2,9km), chay qua dja phan xa Yen Sd, gap
sdng Td Ljch tai Thanh Liet.
Che dp thuy van
ciia
Thanh Tri khdng dan thuan chi bi anh hudng bdi dieu kien khf
hau ma cdn bi cac boat ddng sdng, boat dpng cdng nghiep va ndng nghiep chi phdi. Mat
khac,
do dja hinh mang trung nen hien tugng ngap ung la khdng tranh khdi. Tuy nhien,
day cung la mdt dieu kien thuan Igi de phat trie'n nudi trdng

thiiy
san d Thanh Tri, cung la
nai dam nhan chirc nang dieu tiei khf hau do nhirng mat thoang
ciia
ao, hd, dam dem
Iai.
24
IV.1.6.
Die
diem tho
nhirdng
khu
virc
Thanh Tri
Toan
huyen cd 6 loai
d^t
chinh:
deft phii
sa khdng dugc bdi, khdng
giay
hoac
glay
ye'u;
d^t
phii sa khdng dugc bdi cd glay;
d^l
phu sa ft dugc bdi trung tfnh kiem ye'u;
dSit
phu sa khdng dugc bdi glay manh; da't phu sa dugc bdi hang nam trung tfnh kiem yeu; da't

cdn cat, bai
cat
ven sdng. Cd
th^
xe'p chiing vao hai nhdm chfnh.
- Da't
phu sa cu khong dugc boi hang
nam:
Loai da't nay phan bd d khu vuc trong
de,
chie'm mdt dien tfch Idn, thanh
ph^n
ca gidi tir thit nhe tdi thit nang, tap trung chii ye'u
d Khuang Dinh, Dinh Cdng,
Vinh
Tuy, Thanh Tri,
Vinh
Quynh, Dai Kim, Ngu Hiep, Tam
Hiep.
Cac xa cudi huyen (Dai Ang, Ngpc Hdi) thudng ngap
ling
vao miia mua hoac ca
nam, da't thudng bj glay, ye'm khf, da't chua, ngheo chat dinh dudng, ham lugng mim
thafp,
da't nay thudng thfch hgp cho cay lua.
- Dat
phii
sa mdi dugc boi hang nam: Day la loai da't nam d ngoai de, thanh
ph^n
ca gidi chu ye'u la cat pha va thit nhe, da't tai xdp, ham lugng cac cha't dinh dudng thudc

loai ngheo (K =
0,1%;
dam =
0,1%;
miin = 2%), da't ft chua.
Miia IQ
sdng Hdng cd
th^
gay
ngap
lut
vao cac thang VII, VIII lam anh hudng tdi viec tudi tieu cho khu vuc nay. Da't
thfch hgp cho viec trdng rau, mau, hoa, cay thue
ph^m ngdn
ngay trdng vao cac thang
mtia
kiet va cac cay an qua chiu dugc ngap ung trong mua
lu
(cay nhan, cay chudi ).
IV.1.7.
Dac diem dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi
a.
Ddn cu- lao dong
Dan sd toan huyen la 227.300 ngudi trong dd dan sd thanh thi la 10.739 ngudi
chiem
4,71%,
dan sd ndng thdn la 217.217 ngudi chiem 95,2%. Mat dp dan sd trung binh
la 2.308
ngudi/kml
Tdc dp tang dan sd hang nam giai doan 1990-2000 la 2,49%/nam.

Trong nhirng nam gan day, do tac ddng cua qua trinh dd thi hda nhanh d khu vuc
phfa nam, nha't la su hinh thanh va khdi cdng cac Du an phat trien Khu dd thi mdi ma
ludng
dan di cu tdi Thanh Tri tang len dang ke (bang 2.1). Dan sd nam 1999 tang so vdi
nam 1998 la 3,53%, trong dd tang ca hpc 4.914 ngudi tuang ducmg 2,25%.
Ciing vdi qua trinh dd thi hoa, cdng nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa, Thanh Tri da cd
nhirng budc chuyen minh rd ret nhung van chua dap
ling
dugc vdi yeu cau hien tai vi luc
lugng lao ddng cd chuyen mdn tai Thanh Tri cdn qua mdng, chiem khdng day 20%. So
25