Vấn đề ô nhiềm đất tại nước ta

BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG


Tiểu Luận
VẤN ĐỀ Ô NHIỄM ĐẤT Ở VIỆT NAM
Thực hiện: Nhóm 5
GVHD: ThS. Nguyễn Thị Hương
Nhm 5
TP.HCM,05/2014
MỤC LỤC

 ! "#$! %##$ &'()!*+,&
-./&'0!*$! %##$ &'()!*+,&
-12345
6.! 7!45
 %##8!45
 %##8!45
 %#9:!45
 %#9:!45
 +,&/;<=>! ?>@A-BCDE6BCFG-C!-B5
 +,&/;<=>! ?>@A-BCDE6BCFG-C!-B5
H>&'I!*EJK45
H>&'I!*EJK45
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0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5
J!&0N4O
$!*!* "9O
$!*!* "9O
$!*!* "9P

$!*!* "9P
F !N0&Q!*!*RK
F !N0&Q!*!*RK
6ST
UVWXYSH1Z4-
[U "!99\]/9^/46
J!*/<N\_&>`&46
J!*/<N\_&>`&46
a!*/bc</,&4
a!*/bc</,&4
a!*/b'/&d 4
a!*/b'/&d 4
5(e!** d =>Kb&EJ>fR 4[
ghDSG5
$ &'()!*iR/N!!*() jF'k!lmKR!5
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6UR &.L/,&iR9J!qc!j*>K%!l !(r!*95
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[FaE ">&w&'<!*xAq&&94yyqN* <Nf>/Af>i!5
5U/\N<&NR!&(#z&&94yyi x \ 9Af <N'*yx \ 5
6
0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5
VẤN ĐỀ Ô NHIỄM MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐẤT
Ở VIỆT NAM
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0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5
\>/$!*!* "9!RK/‰!*ie P[/}uz&'L!*+ …#q7!!*NR \>/$!*!* "9C&I
#Š !*RK&d iRN"&a!*u$!*FR •!r!*< &{!*/€!*O‚‚‚‚#
6
!(e/
&d /$!*!* "9C&'N!*+c/c\Nd!*5O&,!/8!E}Eo!*C6‚&,!UGv[‹ER#
* d#!>/k>$ˆKu !NŒCO„P&,!Gv‹ER#* d#!>/k>$ˆKNL/ŒC‚
&,! &}C[&,!9N&9NiR\ #EN0 !8!*h(t!*/,&&d !RK*JK$! %#/N#$
&'()!*!(e//|<///N!u$!*ia!ER!*>r!/>!*/,9!(e/u !N0&/N#€&!€ +l<
qR!fJ!/('€!*Ee!CER#d!(z!*+b!//i u !i`&iR"u !& ia!ER&/
!J!&./ "!=>&'I!9J!>†iRER#u0///f•!*u$!*C!(e/ql$! %#E<>
!*RKu•fŽ!+b!*JK$! %##$ &'()!*+,&
?$! %##$ &'()!*+,&C!*NR &/+€!*/|<ud!ˆ>,&/$!*!* "9CN0&+€!** <N
&$!*i`!&d /•!*ER!*>r!&d ',&=><!&'L!*

•&p!' 7!*z&R!9arp !CR!*!s#//9(}!*& "!i`!&d &'7!
+l<qR!&R!9a& 7>&^\Nd!*-‚‚‚‚&,!ˆs!*iRP‚‚‚‚&,!fk>v •AE(
i`K+‡&d iRN\$!*\p\Nd!*‚‚&,!q^ C-[&,!/IC-‚‚&,!G
-
C[‚‚&,!
G
-
C5‚‚‚&,!GCC-&' ">&,!G
-
C6-‚‚&,!Kf'N/</qN!iR[5&,!DEfAK&
p!iI&bC&0 ! ?>\>i./&'N!*//+$&l/c!r!*+€///,&$! %#E7!\
/<N

BTại Hà NộiCiRN!‘!*!s#PP5PPO$! %#&'k#&'L!*+‡ˆdK'<zˆ>!*
=><!//!R#K&>€/\>/$!*!* "9(t!*I!ie +()!*\p!\>i./$
! %#\Nd!*O‚‚#~&iR!r!*+€q^ Ee!}!& 7>/>M!/N9~9\Nd!*-Ek!’
ˆ>!*=><!//!R#K&>€/\>/$!*!* "9 !< j< €!*C\>i./$
! %#/c+()!*\p!\Nd!*-[‚‚#~&iR!r!*+€q^ /•!*/<N}!& 7>/>M!/N
9~9-6Ek!•!*&0 \>/$!*!* "9(t!*I!C\b&=>d+N+0///!s#PPO
PP„/N&,K!r!*+€FG
-
&'N!*\$!*\pi(t&& 7>/>M!/N9~9-Ek!
[
0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5
  Nhìn chung thực trạng ô nhiễm môi trường đất đang ở mức báo động. Nếu
không có những biện pháp giảm thiểu hiệu quả thì nguồn tài nguyên đất đến một lúc
nào đó sẽ cạn kiệt

 #$%&

'  (&
)&
hREN0 +,&/;<! ?>/<& N!<B,99^&'7!q?#8&\AN+,&iR&'N!*f>!*
+,&€&uai‰!*fN!(e/q …!&'R!iRNN8/fN#>a •<&<!iRN//#<NfŽ!z
#0/!(e/!*k#fŽ!E7!ER#+,&! %##8!C“,&\ ql! %##8!/c!r!*+€
9u>,&&M#&,>/<N*JK0!u !Ep/N&./i`&
*+&
Khi đất chứa quá nhiều Fe
2+,
Al
3+
,SO
4
2-
,Mn
2+
 vNu.ˆ>,& "!9:!u]&@A‹GŒ
6
iR@A
-
G
6
@A
-B
&<!&'N!*!(e/!*k#C\ & b9ˆm/ie \$!*\pE0 qlNˆKc<&R!
 f'Nˆ &u]&‹Œ
@A
-B
BG
-

B
-
G”@A‹GŒ
6
”@A
-
G
6
B
B
 F.I!&R!\N!*<EN&' / &A@ADE
-
‹FGŒ

 
-
G
 F.ˆ>,& "!@A
-B
&'N!*!(e/!*k#
@A
-
G
6
B‹
-
GŒB
-
G”@A
-B

B
B
BG
-
 +,&/;<=>! ?>u•ER#9#$ &'()!** d#*JK!*€+€//N/N!!*()
&'N!*#$ &'()!*+c
,-./01&
F9J!* d &'N!*+ ?>\ "!Kb#\pu•ud!'</t9/,&\o!(
-
FC

“
5
0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5
+r!*&) ///,&Nˆ c<!(@A
6B
C!
B
CFG

-
CG
6

“&Iql\o4
@A
6B
BA@A
-B

’!
B
B-A!
-B

@A
-B
&()!*f />K…!zf0!*@A‹G
6
Œ
-
iR9;//,&#‰!j@A
-B
C/m!*f…ql'‘<
&'$ @A
-B
/•!*/c&…\b&t9&R!@A'N<E># !Nu E /<&#R>ˆ#ˆ<!N8/\b&t9
ie 9N&9<&&R!i i <! &@A
6
‹G

Œ
-
„
-
G/c#R>ˆ<!E}!
-B
&()!*zf0!*
!‹GŒ
-

#R>&']!*f />K…!&'N!*+,&
s!/;iRN#;/+€*EJK/|<+,&&<u•+!* +(t/#;/+€Kb#\p/|<+,&F !
'<
-
FER#//u !i`&ua!*&'N!*+,&!*€+€/C//\p

CG
-
CGCG
- 
ER#
 ">;!*!R\p!&<!*E7!
2 0"3&
*
 "/uof^!*=>! ?>9J!c<L/iR9J!‘>/}C&>a/&'wuJ>CiR&>a/f "&/•
*JKd!(z!*Ee!+b!&R !*>K7!+,&
 4056678!&
 qc!#€&E(t!*&p/t9u•/c&/+€!*&p//./!(!*!b>uof^!*=>
! ?>&I#€&E(t!*Ee!/•!E(>E0 &'N!*+,&C=><9J!* d />K…!NCq b!&R!
#>a ! &'<&&'z&R!!*>r!$! %#/N#0/!(e/!*k#iR//f•!*u$!*‰!*
ie u.&s!*E7!i?uaE(t!*uof^!*9J!NL/C+€uJ>iR+€'€!*/|<EN0 $
! %#!RK!*RK/R!*!* 7#&'L!*
F.&p/E•K/<N///,&c</,&f0!*9J!qc!/•!**JK0 /NF+,&i?#8&
/}E–&p! qc!! ?>9J!c<L/ER#+,&z!7!/8&}!C+€&'(}!*/N\~#C
\b&/,>i‘!*/]/C\$!*&} ˆa9#R!$!*fJ!*L ER+,&&'z!7!—/< /;!*˜C&p!
&N!*\p\~#}!+ Ci u !i`&p&+ iIc</,&|Kf "&i u !i`&
 409-!:&
O
0 L/$!** "9./M#
Nhm 5

k!Ee!!$!*fJ!qc!9J!‘>/}/(<+(t/|iRˆoEp+m!*\_&>`&!7!*JK
!*>K0 /N#$ &'()!*+,&!*>K7!!J!ERfN&'N!*9J!/;<! ?>* >!u!C
&';!** >!CuJ>qLCi &'‰!*iR//#k#q"!\/\ qc!iRN+,&C/m!*/c+ ?>
\ "!u !u$ !dK!zCE<!&'>K?!#$ &'()!*ˆ>!*=><!Cf "&#€&uai u !i`&/c
Et &'N!*+,&
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E3"FD1
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9aCqz i`KEm/&(e !(e//N/JK&'r!*/k!9d /M!&`!
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9(}!*99\/‹9•!*&'w&{!*t9Œ
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! %#fN8//c&…Et f^!*i u !i`&+…/a!*$! %#+,&
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 Thực hiện luật môi trường
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90&&‰&wu>&!*+b!q<!s#
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B0#&€ *JK`>=>d+8/q "&!* 7#&'L!*&Iql90&&‰&w!s#!s#+b!#()
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+r!*C/,#+d#! "#/;/i^C/,#R!!*?N8/ER#/$!*i "/!,&+l!&w#€&
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