Nghiên cứu quy hoạch môi trường cấp huyện, ứng dụng cho các huyện đặc trưng (Thường Xuân, Thọ Xuân, Hậu Lộc) của tỉnh Thanh Hóa báo cáo quy hoạch môi trường huy152610

DAI HOC
QUOC GIA
HA
NQI
TRUONG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
Tl/NHIEN
A*
DE TAi TRONG DIEM CAP DAI HOC QUOC GIA
NGHIEN ClJrU
QUY HOACH
MOI
TRUONG
CAP HUYEN,
UlNG
DUNG
CKO
CAC KUYEN
DAC TRUNG (TKOfiTNG
XUAN.
THO
XUAN,
HAU
LOG)
CUA
TINH
THANH HOA
BnO CnO
CHUV€N
D€
BAG CAO QUY HOACH MOI

TRlTdNG
HUYEN HAU LOC DEN 2020
PGS.TS.
Lini Dure
Hai; CN.
Liru Dure
Dung
Truang
Dai
hoc
Ktioa
hoc
Tu
nhien
DAI HOC
Qi.i
TRiJNG
TAr/
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or/
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HA
NOI,
2007
L

PHAN
TiCH,
DANH GIA
HIEN
TRANG TAI
NGUY£N,
KINH
Tfi
- XA HOI
VA
M6I
TRirCJNG
HUY$N HAU LOC
Hau Lpc
la mot huyen ven
bi^n ciia
tinh Thanh Hoa, cd
nhidu
tiem
nang,
the
manh de phat trien kinh te xa hoi.
Tinh
da
xay
dung qui hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi
giai doan 1996-2010, chien
luoc
phat trien do thi Thanh Hoa
2000-2010;

Huyen Hau
Loc da t6ng
hgfp
cac chi tieu kinh te xa hoi
chii
yeu thdi ky
2001-2005
du bao giai
doan 2006-2010
D^
phat
tri^n
b^n
vung
huyen
HSu
Lpc can c6
su
quy hoach mdi
trudng can cu vao hien trang tai nguyen, kinh te xa hoi va moi trudng, xu the phat
tridn
kinh te xa hoi trong
tuang
lai.
Hau
Lpc la mot huyen dong bang ven bien tinh Thanh Hoa,
each
thanh phd
Thanh Hoa khoang 25 km
v6 phia

Dong Bac.
Hau Lpc cd ranh gidi
voi
cac huyen nhu sau:
Phia
Bac giap vdi huyen Ha Trung va Nga
Scfn.
Phia
Nam giap vdi huyen Hoang Hoa.
Phia
Dong giap vdi bien Dong.
Toan huyen cd 27
dcm
vi hanh chfnh (26 xa va mot thi
tra'n
huyen
ly),
dien
tich
tu nhien loan huyen la 14.149,68 ha vdi
tdng
dan so la 177.728 ngudi (chiem 1,27%
dien
tich
tu nhien va 5,04% dan so toan
tinh)
mat dp dan so la 1256
ngudi/km".
Hau Lpc
dupe

bao bpc bdi cac song:
Phia
Bac la song Len,
phia
Nam la song
Cau Sai va song Lach Trudng,
phia
Dong giap Bien Dong thuan
Ipi
cho giao thong
dudng thuy va phat trien kinh te
tdng
hop. Ducmg bo cd Qudc
Id lA
di qua cac xa
Dong Lpc, Dai Lpc va Trieu Lpc theo hudng Bac Nam. Day la tuyen giao thong quan
trpng tao the manh cua khu vuc
phia
tay huyen Hau Lpc trd thanh khu do thj cdng
nghiep. Qudc 16 10 chay xuyen sudt toan huyen qua cac xa Lien Lpc, Hoa Lpc, Thinh
Lpc,
Thi Tran, My Lpc, Van Lpc, Thuan Lpc. Day cung la tuyen giao thong quan trpng
tao dieu kien phat trien kinh te toan dien ben
virng.
Theo so lieu dieu tra ve tai nguyen khoang san ciia Sd Cdng nghiep Thanh Hoa,
Hau Lpc cd cac tai nguyen khoang san sau:
- Md than bun d Trieu Lpc
- Khai thac da, vat lieu
xay
dung d Quang Lpc, Tien Lpc, Trieu Lpc

- Khai thac cat
xay
dung d Song Len va da't set d Chau Lpc.
Nhln
chung tai nguyen khoang san d Hau Lpc ngheo nan, tuy cd mot sd khoang
san nhung trii
luang
nhd.
Hau Lpc cd
chi^u
dai bd bien khoang 12 km cd 2 cua lach do la cua Lach Sung
va
ciia
Lach Trudng. Qua nhieu nam
lupng
phu sa bdi dap
tuong
ddi
Idn
tao thanh
nhfrng
bai bdi rpng hang tram ha. Nhung
bai bdi
nay giau thuc an thuan lai cho viec
nudi
trong thuy san va cay
chdn
sdng. Ngudn lai
ciia bien
Hau Lpc chiem ty

Ic
Idn
irons
nsudn
lai bien
ciia
Thanh Hoa.
Dae
biet cd bai tdm
n>:oai
khai
ciia
Hon Ne
la
mot trong hai bai torn
Idn
cua tinh. Cac nguon hai san khac nhu Ca noi (cac
loai
ca cd
gia tri cao nhu: Thu,
Miic,
Ngir ),
Ca day (ca phen, ca hong, ca du ), muc bien.
Viing bi^n
Hau
L6c
c6
ndng
dp mudi trong
nude bi^n

kha cao, ket hop vdi khi
hau nang to, gio manh tao dieu kien cho phat
trie'n
nghe mudi.
Bd biin Hau Lpc cd khoang 1000 ha
viing
bien cd kha nang quai de
Ian
bien de
nuoi trong thuy san nhu
ngao,
so va tdm cua.
Bdr
bien Hau Lpc cd
th^
xay
dung
dupe
cang ca d Hau Lpc.
Huyen Hau Lpc cd sdng Do Len la mot nhanh
ciia
sdng Ma chay
tiif
hudng Tay
sang hudng Dong va cung la gianh gidi
phia
Bac cua huyen. Gianh gidi
phia
Nam la
sdng Trudng Giang,

phia
Dong
la
bien Dong. Sdng Kenh De chiu anh hudng
ciia
thuy
trieu nen bi
nhi6m
man. Nguon
nude
cung cap cho sinh hoat va tudi cho
ndng
nghiep
chu yeu la sdng Tra Giang, day cung ddng thdi la nai nhan nude thai nen chiu tac dpng
true tiep ciia hoat dpng dan sinh, san xua't cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep tren dia ban
huyen. Nghien cuu chat
luong nude
ciia huyen cd
lh6
tha'y nude sdng va kenh tren dja
ban huyen cd chat lupng tuong ddi tot,
chuavuot
qua tieu chuan cho phep. Nhin chung
Hau Lpc cd luong
nude
kha phong
phii,
chua bi 6
nhiSm.
Nguon nude

dii
de cung cap
cho san xua't va sinh hoat ciia nhan dan
Hau Lpc cd vi
tri
dia
ly
ven bien nen cd chat luong khdng
khi
tot, do cd gid tu
bien thoi vao. Mdi trudng khdng
khi it bj
cac tac dpng
gay
6
nhi6m.
Cac hoat dpng ciia
con ngudi anh hudng chat lupng khdng
khi
d day la:
- Khai thac da, cat gay ra bui
- Cac hoat dpng san xua't va budn ban vat lieu xay dung
- Cdng nghiep va
xay
dung co ban: gay ra tieng on, bui va miii
(sijra
chua tau
thuyen, gia cdng sat thep
- Ve sinh mdi trudng ndng
thdn,

dac biet la trong va sau bao
lut (nude
thai ,
chat thai ran tu sinh hoat va chan nudi, xac dpng vat che't )
Dat chii yeu la dat cat ven bien va phu sa
giay,
vdi dia
hinh
bang phing, thuan
Ipi
cho phat trien ndng nghiep. Dat cd thanh phan co gidi tu cat den thit trung
binh.
Ham lupng chat dinh
duong tir
ngheo den kha, d nhung dat cat va dat man pH trung
tinh
va kiem, con cac loai dat phu sa
giay
cd pH chua. Nhung da't nam tren dia
hinh
ddi
niii
ngheo chat dinh dudng, tang dat mdng,
lan
da va do vay khd canh tac ndng nghiep,
cd the trong cac loai
cay
lam nghiep.
- Dat phii
>a Giay

chua (FLg-d). Dien
tich
4.524,11
ha, la loai dat nam d dia
hinh
van
tha'p
va trung nen cd thanh phan co gidi nang hon FLd-U neu tren. Dat thudng
xuyen giu am, ket cau kem, loai da't cd ham lupng
cha't
huu co,
miin,
dam kha trong khi
dd ham lupng lan va kali d muc ngheo. Dat cd phan ung chua vdi gia tri
pH^Q
la
4,5.
Dat hien dang dupe trong 2 vu
liia,
nang suat kha cao
nhidu
noi dat tren 6
tan/ha/vu,
neu chu dpng thuy
loi riit nude phctj
rupng cd the tang
dupe 1
vu ddng trong mau.
- Da't man
it

- trung
binh
thanh
ph^n
co gidi nhe
(FLSm-a).
Dien
tich:
18.866,08
ha.
Dupe
hinh thanh
trSn
n6n phu sa
bi^n
do qua trinh
d^u
tu cai tao nen dat
giam
dd man, thanh
ph^n
co gidi
l\x
cat den thit trung binh, cd noi thit nang. Ham lupng
miin,
dam, lan, kali hoi ngheo. Da't dang
dupe
trong 1 den 2 vu
liia,
d vung cao hon cd

th^
trdng
1
lua
- 1 mau va 2
Iiia
- 1 mau, nang
sua't cay
trong kha, nang suat
liia
nhieu
noi dat tir 4 - 5
ta'n/ha/vu.
Neu dii
nude
rua man da't nay
van
con kha nang tang vu d dia
hinh van, van cao.
Nhin chung, tai nguyen da't ciia Hau Lpc chua cd bieu hien ciia d
nhilm
dat, chii
yeu la cd cac yeu to han che nhu man,
giay
cho nen can cd cac bien phap su dung
hop ly, ket hop vdi cac bien thuy
Ipi
phdng tranh thien tai nhu bao, lut va mat khac
chii
y den cai tao da't cd yeu to han che.

11.
DU BAO XU
THE
PHAT TRIEN KINH
TE -
XA
HOI,
DI£N
BIEN TAI
NGUYEN VA
MOI TRUING
HUY$N HAU LOC
Cac chi tieu ve kinh te trong giai doan 2005 -
2010
va 2010 - 2020 dupe du bac
dua tren cac chi tieu kinh te da dat
dupe
thdi ky 2001 - 2005 va cac du an phat trien
kinh te tren dia ban huyen gom cd nha may giay Chau Lpc, khu cdng nghiep nam Dd
Len, cac
lang
nghe Minh Lpc va Tien Lpc, khu dd thj Ba Trieu, khu nudi trong thuy
siin,
chuong trinh phat trien ndng nghiep
Gia tri t6ng san pham trong huyen GDP den nam 2010 (theo gia CD 94) la 1.372
ty dong vdi td'c dp tang trudng kinh te binh quan la 12.2%. So vdi giai doan 2001 -
2005,
CO
cau kinh te cd
sir

thay d6i nhu sau: Ndng lam nghiep 26,3% (giam 10%), thuy
san 17% (giam 2,4%), cdng nghiep xay dung 27,4% (tang 13,4%), cac nganh dich vu
29,3%
(giam 1%). Thu nhap binh quan tren
dSu
ngudi tang tir 298 USD nam 2005 len
573
USD
nam 2010.
Gia tri tong san pham trong huyen GDP den nam 2020 (theo gia CD 94) la
5.081
ty dong vdi td'c dp tang trudng kinh te binh quan la
14.1%.
So vdi giai doan 2005 -
2010,
CO
cau kinh te thdi ki 2010 - 2020 cd
sir
thay doi nhu sau: Ndng lam nghiep
18,3%
(giam 8%), thuy san 19,5% (tang 2,5%), cdng nghiep 30,8% (tang 3,4%), dich
vu
31,4%
(tang 2,1%). Thu nhap binh quan tren dau ngudi tang tir 573 USD nam 2010
len
2010
USD
nam 2020.
Theo du bao,
ti

trpng ciia nganh ndng lam ngu nghiep trong co cau kinh te cd xu
huang giam dan (tir 26,3% xudng 18.3%) do su phat
triSn
ciia
nganh cdng nghiep
xay
dung va dich vu. Tuy nhien ndng nghiep
van
la nganh kinh te ddng gdp rat
Idn
vao
tong gia tri kinh te
ciia
toan huyen.
Vdi viec
di
vao hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh ciia cac khu cdng nghiep va dd
thi mdi tren dia ban huyen (nha may bdt giay, khu dd thi Ba Trieu ). gia tri kinh te
ciia
nganh cdng nghiep - dich vu ngay mot tang cao trong dd cac nganh san xua't vat lieu
xay
dung, van tai, xua't khau hang ndng san va
thii
cdng my nghe, dich vu san xuat
ndng ngu nghiep (kinh doanh vat tu, ch6'
bid'n
va phan phdi ndng san) va du
lich
phat
tri^n vdi

tdc dp nhanh do khai thac
dupe
cac dieu kien thuan
Ipi
cua huyen.
Vdi viec di vao hoat dpng san
xua't
kinh doanh ciia cac khu cdng nghiep va dd
thi mdi
trSn
dia ban huyen (nha may bpt giay, khu dd thi Ba Trieu ), gia tri kinh te ciia
nganh cdng nghiep - dich vu ngay mot tang cao trong do cac nganh san xua't vat lieu
xay dung, van tai, xuat
kh^u
hang ndng san va
thii
cdng my nghe, dich vu san xuat
ndng ngu nghiep (kinh doanh vat tu, che bien va phan phdi ndng san) va du lich phat
trien vdi tdc dp nhanh do khai thac dupe cac dieu kien thuan
Ipi
ciia huyen.
Du bao chat lupng mdi trudng cua huyen se cd nhimg bien doi do xay dung van
hanh cac khu, cum cdng nghiep, khu dd thi, nudi trong va che bien hai san Cac mdi
trudng thanh phan bi tac dpng theo thu tu chii yeu la mdi trudng nude, mdi trudng
khdng
khi
va mdi trudng da't do nude thai cdng nghiep, dd thi va chat thai ran.
2.1.
Tac dpng moi trudng cua boat dpng cong nghiep va tieu thu cong nghiep
Hoat dpng cdng nghiep tren dia ban huyen Hau Lpc nhin chung chua phat trien,

chua cd mot co sd cdng nghiep do Trung uong quan ly, chi cd 2 co sd san xuat vat lieu
xay dung (gach) do dia phuong quan ly dat tai xa Xuan Lpc. Tuy nhien, trong dia ban
cd tren 3.000 co sd tieu
thii
cdng nghiep, bao gdm: cac co sd
che
bien thuy
hai
san dat
d cac xa Ngu Lpc, Minh Lpc; nghe ren tai xa Tien Lpc: ddng va sua
chixa
tau thuyen d
dpc Kenh De va sdng Lach Trudng. Do dd, d
nhidm
mdi trudng va lupng chat thai phat
sinh chi mang
tinh
cue bd, cd tac dpng lien ket vdi d
nhilm
va lupng chat thai
ciia
cac
khu dan cu tap trung. Chat 6
nhiSm
chu yeu phat sinh la
nude
thai va
khi
thai
(miii,

SO2, ).
Udc tinh
mdi co sd hang ngay tao ra 0,5
m"*
nude thai, thi tong upng
nude
thai
cdng nghiep va tieu
thii
cdng nghiep phat sinh tren dia ban khoang 1.500 - 1.600
mVngay.dem.
Co sd cdng nghiep cd quy md
Idn
dang dupe quy hoach
xay
dung tai Hau Lpc la
Nha may giay Chau Lpc, cdng sua't giai doan 1 du kien dat 50.000 tan bpt/nam, tuong
duong 60.000 tan giay/nam. Nhu
cSu
nguyen nhien lieu
ciia
Nha may giai doan
1
trinh
bay trong bang
1.
Bang 1. Nhu cau
nguyen^
nhien lieu cho san xuat
60M00

tan giay
tai Nhd
may
giay Chau
Lpc
[7]
Ten
nguyen,
nhien
lieu
1.
Nguygn Ii6u
Lufing
B6t
giay
2.
Hoa
cliat
Voi
Xut
Na2S04
Plien
Nhi/a tiiong
3. Nhien lieu
Than
Dau
Dien
Ni/dc
B(fnvi
Tan

Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
KWh
m3
Djnli miit/1
TSP
0,38
0.165
0,24
0,012
0,038
0,025
0,01
0,91
0,06
200
62
Nftu
cau
1
ngay
691
30
43,64

2,2
6,91
4,54
1,82
165,45
10,91
36,363,64
11.700
Niiu
cau
1 nam
228.000
10.000
14.400
720
2.280
1.500
600
54.000
3.600
12.000.000
3,861.000
Lupng chat thai d
nhiSm
phat sinh tir hoat ddng
ciia
Nha may giay Chau Lpc
giai doan
1
gom:

-
Nude
thai cdng nghiep
11.700
mVngay.dem, tuong duong 0,14
mVs
-
SO2
: 3,2 tan/ngay dem, bui : /ngay dem,
CO2:
645 tan/ngay dem
Nude thai nha may gia'y Chau Lpc cd tac ddng tieu cue manh me den chat lupng
nude
sdng Len
v6
mua can va hoat dpng kinh te xa hoi
ciia
cac xa ha
luu
thudc huyen
Hau Lpc, huyen Ha Trung va Nga Son. Du bao
nude
thai Nha may giay cd tac ddng
tieu cue den cac hoat dpng kinh te xa hoi tai Hau Lpc:
^
Tac dpng tieu cue den hoat dpng canh tac ndng nghiep, lam giam san
lupng
Ilia
va
cay

m^u
cua cac xa hien dang sir dung ngudn
nude
Sdng
Len (Phong Lpc, Quang Lpc, Lien Lpc, Xuan Lpc, Thinh Lpc, Lpc Tan,
My Lpc, Hoa Lpc,
Phii
Lpc, Hai Lpc, Da Lpc, Hung Lpc, Minh Lpc, Hoa
Lpc).
"^
Tac dpng tieu
cue
den hoat ddng nudi trong va che bien thuy hai san, lam
giam chat lupng san pham d cac xa Da lpc, Hoa Lpc, Ngu Lpc, Xuan
Lpc,
Hai Lpc.
^
Tac ddng
tieu cue
den cha't lupng san
phaim
mudi san xuat tai cac xa Hai
Ldc.
Hoa
Ldc,
Xuan Ldc.
^
Tac ddng tieu
cue dS'n siic
khoe ngudi dan d cac xa ha luu Sdng Len, dac

biet la dan cu cac xa hien dang six dung true tiep nguon nude Sdng Len
va lien thong vdi Sdng Len (Sdng Tra Giang, Kenh De, Kenh 5 xa).
Khi
thai nha may gia'y Chau Lpc, bao gdm
SO2,
bui,
NO^
va VOC
(Metacaptau;
cd tac dpng tieu cue tdi mdi trudng khdng
khi
bao gom: cac xa Chau Lpc, Trieu Lpc,
Dai Ldc thupc huyen Hau Lpc va xa Ha Son huyen Ha Trung.
Khi
thai nha may giay
Chau Ldc tac dpng true tiep tdi sue khde ngudi dan cac xa da ndi tren va hoat ddng du
lich tai Den Ba Trieu thupc xa Trieu Lpc.
Trong tuong lai, khi Nha may gia'y Chau Lpc md rpng cdng suat giai doan 2,
pham vi va
mLi:c
dp tac ddng
ciia
nude thai va khi thai gia tang manh me.
2.2.
Tac dong
mdi
trudng cua hoat dong ndng lam nghiep
Tren co sd dien
tich
da't, nang sua't va san lupng ndng nghiep (cac bang 2, 3, 4,

5)
[2,3],
cd thi phan
tich
va danh gia cac tac dpng mdi trudng cua hoat ddng canh tac
ndng nghiep tai huyen Hau Lpc.
Bang 2. Thong he dien tich cac loai cay trong trong ndng nghiep (ha)
Nam
1
1990
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Tong
so
2
16243
16484
16570
16683
16704
16713
16799
16972

17646
17677
Cay
iWcfng tfii/ic
co
tiat
Tong
3
12832
12878
12882
12875
12855
12572
12764
13031
13462
13341
1
1 Chia
ra
1
Lua ca nam
4
11530
11492
11470
11412
11391
11334

11249
11228
11200
11080
Ngfl
+ Ke
5
1302
1386
1412
1463
1464
1238
1515
1803
2262
2261
Cay lay
cu
(khoai
lang,
sin)
6
1398
1466
1512
1572
1531
1608
1390

1006
905
842
Caythifc
pham
(Rau
dau
tri/dau
tifcfng)
7
665
782
802
870
920
983
995
1100
1269
1429
Cay
cong
nghiep
hang
nam
8
1281
1302
1321
1304

1324
1477
1587
1774
1969
2024
Cay
hang
nam
khac
9
,
58
56
53
62
74
73
63
61
41
41
,
7
Bang
3.
Thong
ke
ndng
sudi,

san
Nim
NS
Ilia
ca nam
(Ta/ha)
Lua
chi§m xuSn
Lua mua
SL (Tan)
Lua
chi6m xuSn
Lua mua
1990
25,5
30,8
21
29409
16242
13167
1995
29.4
36,5
23.4
33801
19225
14576
1997
36,2
46

28,2
41561
24015
17546
luang
1999
45,5
52
39,6
51963
27363
24680
lua
cd nam
chia theo
2000
46,5
54,1
40
52982
28406
24576
2001
45,6
55,6
37
51708
29112
22596
2002

52
57,6
47
58385
29986
28399
.
vu 1990 -
2005
2003
53
58
49
59596
30125
29471
2004
54,6
58
51,6
61134
29970
31164
2005
49,4
59
41
54706
30315
24391

Bang 4. Thong ke dien
tich^
ndng suat san luong ngo giai doan 1990-2005
Nam
Dien ti'ch
(ha)
Nang suat (ta/ha)
San
li/ong
(tan)
1990
1302
29,5
3141
1995
1386
29,6
4096
1997
1412
30,4
4287
1999
1463
30,7
4491
2000
1464
30,4
4450

2001
1238
35
4304
2002
1515
36,6
5539
2003
1803
38,6
6969
2004
Tl<ol
44,7
10112
2005
2261
43,3
9779
Bang 5. Thong ke san luang cay cong nghiep giai doan 1990-2005 (tan)
Nam
1990
1995
1997
1999
1 2000
1
2001
2002

2003
2004 1
2005
1
Lac
1263
1448
1445
1510
1580
1992
1938
2378
2800
2595
Dau
tifcfng
88
123
130
135
150
230
472
590
675
792
Vifhg
129
122

125
137
116
103
120
130
140
139
Coi
111
605
583
572
595
630
741
770
805
376
Cay CN
khac
1300
890
1650
1027
1705
1653
1640
1130
'

1680
'
1
1802
'
I
_
.
i
8
Dua tren sd lupng dien
tich
ndng nghiep va udc
tinh
quy mo
sii
dung phan bdn
tang
dSn
trong cac nam
iix
1990 den 2010 (1990: 100 kg, 2000: 200 kg, 2005: 250 kg,
2010:
300kg), cd
th^
du bao lupng phan bdn
sii
dung trong canh tac ndng nghiep d
huyen Hau Lpc (Bang 6).
Bang

6.
Vac tinh
luang phan
bdn
sddung
trong san xuat ndng nghiep
huyen Hau
Lpc,
giai doqn 1990-2010
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Nam
1990
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

2004
2005
2010
Tong dien tich canh
tac
(ha)
16.243
16.484
16.570
16.683
16.704
16.713
16.799
16.972
17.646
17.677
17.500
Lifdngphan
bdn
sCf
dung (kg/ha)
100
150
170
190
200
210
220
230
240

250
300
Tong
iifdng
phan
bdn
sif
dung (tin)
1.624
2.472
2.818
1
3.170
3.341
3.597
3.696
3.903
4.235
4.419
5.452
Dua tren cac sd lieu ve dien
tich,
nang suat (Bang 2, 3, 4, 5) va sd lieu dieu tra
ve sinh khdi
ciia
phu
phdm
ndng nghiep cua Pham Van Lang [5] va cac khoa
luan
tot

nghiep sinh vien nganh Khoa hpc mdi trudng, Trudng DHKNTN nam 2008
[6,8],
cd
the dua ra bang udc tmh sinh khdi chua dung trong phu
ph£m
ndng nghiep cho cac loai
cay
trong huyen Hau Ldc (Bang 7).
Bang 7.
If&c
tinh sinh khoi trong phu pham ndng nghiep nam 2005
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Loai
cay
trong
Lua 2 vu
NgQ
Lac
Dau
ti/ong
Coi
VCmg

Khoai
Cac loai
cay
khac
Dien
tich
ha
11.080
2.261
2.595
San
Iifdng
54.706
9.779
2.979
792
Ty
IS phu pham/SP
chlnh
1,3/1
4/1
1.2/1
3/1
850
1
0,2/1
139
500
7.500
1.802

6/1
1,2/1
3/1
Tong cong
Tong sinh khoi
khd (tan)
71.118
39.116
3.575
2.376
170
834
600
8.100
5.406
130.695
Vdi khoi
lirong
130.695
ta'n
nam 2005 va gia tang khoang 3-5% m6i nam,
lugng
sinh khoi trong phu
ph^m
nong nghiep la tiem nang sinh khoi
Ion,
dong thoi dang la
tac nhan gay 6
nhiSm
moi trudng dia ban huyen.

Chan nuoi
la
nganh kinh te quan trong
ciia
huyen,
so
luong va quy mo chan
nuoi
trinh
bay trong bang 8. Theo do, luong chat thai do chan nuoi
o
huyen
Hiu
Loc
tang nhanh theo quy mo md rong san xua't tu 109,5
ta'n/ngay
nam 2000 len
143.9
tan/ngay nam 2005, 197 tan/ngay nam 2010 va 335
ta'n/ngay
nam 2020. So luong chat
thai nay neu
duac
quan ly va xu ly de san xuat biogas hoac lam
phSn
bon
thi
khong
dang ke, nhung neu khong xu ly va thai vao cac nguon
nude

mat,
thi
tac dong moi
trudng do chat thai chan nudi se nguyen nhan gay d
nhidm
ngudn
nude
mat, dac biet la
nude
mat Sdng Tra Giang.
Bang 8.
l/ffc
luang thdi luang
tif
hoat dpng chan nuoi cua huyen Hau
Lpc
Loai vat nudi
Lon
ii^ifc
thai
(kg/con/ngay)
0,5
2000
2005
47.000
70.000
2010
100.000
2020
150.000

Trau bo
13.400 16.450
23.500
30.000
Gia cam
0,1
594.200
760.000
1.000.000
! 2.000.000
Tong
lirang
chat thai
tan/ngay
109.5
143.9
197
335
Luong phan bdn. thudc bao ve thuc vat va chat thai sinh hoat cua cac khu vuc
dan cu la nguyen nhan gay nen
tinh
trang d
nhilm nude ngam
tang mat d cac ,\a ven
10
hiin
va Sdng Tra Giang. Tinh trang nay co xu hudng gia tang trong giai doan phat trien
kinh te xa hoi ciia huyen Hau Ldc trong giai doan 2010-2020.
2.3.
Tac dong moi

trirdng
cua boat dong nuoi trong thuy san va nghe lam muoi.
Ngh6
nudi thuy san : Theo sd' lieu thong ke, san lupng nudi trdng thuy san cua
huyen Hau Ldc nam 2005 khoang 1.500
ta'n,
vdi
tdc dp tang trong giai doan
20(X)-2005
la 97%,
binh
quan mdi nam tang 20%. Day la nganh cd tdc dp tang trudng cao cua
huyen (Bang 9), tuy nhien su gia tang san lupng chu yeu do tang nang suat bang cac
cdng nghe va ky thuat nudi trdng. Dieu nay cd
the'
anh hudng tdi mdi trudng khu vuc
nudi trdng do sir dung ngay cang tang
thiic
an va thudc hoa chat. Khu vuc tap trung cac
d^m
nudi thudc cac xa Da Ldc, Xuan lpc, Minh Ldc.
Nghe danh bat thuy san tap trung chu yeu tai cac xa Ngu Ldc, Hai Ldc, Hung
Lpc,
san lupng danh bat gia tang hang nam trung
binh
khoang 5% nam. Phan
Idn
su
gia tang lien quan den cac hoat ddng danh bat xa bd, tiem
^n

cac tai bien thien nhien
(bao,
gidng, an ninh qudc phdng)
dSn
den cac rui ro ve
tinh
mang
ciia
ngu dan.
Bang
9.
San luang nudi trong va danh bdt thuy hai san cua huyen Hau ldc 2000-
2005.
San
li/crng
Nuoi trong (tan)
Dien
tich nu6i
trong (ha)
San luong danh bat (tan)
San luong ca
bi^n
(tan)
Tong cong
2000
761
825
8.969
3.338
9.730

2001
702
804
9.858
3.691
10.560
2002
1.127
816
10.303
3.869
11.430
2003
1.239
825
10.909
4.515
12.148
2004
1.349
853
10.893
4.600
12.242
2005
1.500
860
11.300
4,800
12.800

Nghe lam mudi d Hau ldc, tap trung phat trien tai hai xa Hai ldc va Hoa ldc vdi
quy md san lupng 10.000 ta'n nam 2005 va 12.000 tan nam 2010. Tac ddng mdi trudng
cua nghe lam mudi
nhin
chung khdng dang ke ddi vdi mdi trudng khu vuc.
2.4. Tac dpng moi
truong
cua hoat dong giao thong
dudtig
thuy va dudng bo
Giao thong van tai cd vi
tri
quan trpng
thiic
day nen kinh te hang hoa phat trien.
Mang
ludi
dudng bd, dudng sdng, dudng bien
ciia
huyen
dupe
md rpng, nang cap.
11
Bang 10: Khoi luang hang hod, hanh khdch van
chuyen-
doanh thu van tdi
1.
Khoi lUdng hang
hoa
-

Van
chuydn
+
Dudng
bo
+
Ouang
thu^
-
LuSn chuyen
+
Dudng
bo
+ Dudng thuy
HSoluOhghanhkhach
-
Van
chuyg'n
+
Dudng
bp
+
Duang thuy
-
Luan chuyen
+
Dudng bp
+Dudng thuy
A
Doanh thu van

tai
Ddnvj
tinh
1000'
II
II
II
II
II
lOOONg
II
II
lOOONg
km
II
II
Ty
dong
Nam
1990
158,6
97,3
61,3
2425
1232
1193
91,3
91,3
2795
2795

4,1
1995
322
203
119
4768
2330
2456
174
174
5325
5325
7,6
2000
705
416
289
9765
4585
5108
345
345
10522
10522
15,2
2001
786
465
321
10908

5178
5730
390
390
12000
12000
16,2
2002
880,3
526
354,3
12217
5851
6366
448,5
448,5
12455
12455
18,6
2003
1038,6
631,6
407
14341
7021
7320
538,2
538,2
16147
16147

24,7
2004
1213,3
745,3
468
17082
8666
8416
630
630
19053
19053
30,2
2005
1395,3
1
857,2
538,1
19651
9967
9684
743
743
1
22161
22161
36,3
>
Ve dudng bd: Gom dudng d to qud'c
Id,

tinh
Id,
huyen
Id
va giao thong lien xa,
lien thdn,
Thuc trang dudng bd tren dia ban huyen trudc nhung nam 1990 hau het
chu^
dupe
dd nhua hoac cap khdi. Tu nam 2001 den nay hau het cac dudng bp da va dang
dupe
dau tu nang cap dai nhua, toan huyen cd nhieu tuyen mdi
dupe
md nhu: dudng tir
trung tam huyen di Quan Doc ( ndi vdi qud'c
Id lA)
dai 7 km mdi
dupe
dua vao sir
dung nam 2005. Dudng nga tu Hoa ldc di Dd Len dai 15km cung se dua vao sir dung
nam 2006 Tren dia ban huyen cd dudng qudc
Id lA
chay qua ( tir Dd Len den Ga
Nghla
trang cua Hoang
Hoa,
qudc
Id
10 tir Nga son - qua Hau
ldc

rdi sang huyen
Hoang Hoa bang can phao But Son. He thong dudng lien huyen, lien xa, lien
'hon
dang
12
duac
d^u
tu nang
ca'p.
Tinh de'n
nam 2005 toan huyen cd
76km
dudng nhua,
136
km
ducmg ca'p khoi, lien xa, 465 km dudng be tong trong 217 thdn ( 26 xa + mot thi tra'n),
cd nhung xa dudng thdn xdm
dupe
be
tdng
hoa 100% nhu xa
Phii
Ldc, Van Ldc, Tien
Ldc,
My Ldc, 100% so xa trong huyen d to cd
thd
de'n dupe
tirng
thdn xdm. Tai
nhung duong giao

thdng
xudng ca'p hoac cac hoat dong nhu lam mdi va tu b6 dudng
giao thong cung gdp
phdn gay
d nhiem moi trudng , dac biet la mdi trudng khdng
khi
>
Duong thuy: Hau Ldc cd ca dudng sdng va dudng bien
°
Dudng sdng tren cac con sdng
Idn
nhu: Sdng Len, chay qua
Ha'i
Lpc ndi lien vdi
sdng Ma tai nga Ba Bong (Hoang Hoa, Yen Dinh, Ha Trung,Thieu Hoa) la con sdng
Idn nha't
do ra bien qua cira Lach Sung. Thuan tien cho
van
chuyen hang hoa, chieu
daj
16km.
°
Sdng Kenh De ( ndi tir sdng Len chay ngang qua cac xa Lien Lpc, Hoa Ldc, Phii
Lpc,
Minh Lpc, Hai Ldc va 66 ra cira bien Lach Trudng. Cd chieu dai khoang 10km
°
Sdng Lach Trudng la mot
ph^n
cua sdng Tao Xuyen chay tir hudng Tay sang
hudng Ddng (cd chieu dai thdng qua Hau Ldc khoangl4km do ra cira bien Lach

Trudng)
°
Sdng Tra Giang la con sdng dao tir thdi Tien Le chay theo hudng Ddng
Tay.
trudc day sdng nhd nhung vao nhirng nam 1963 - 1964 dupe dao rpng ra nhu ngay nay
(ndi sdng Len va do ra cdng
Nguydn
xa Xuan Ldc)
> Ve dudng bien: Hau ldc cd chieu dai bd bien 12 km tir Da Ldc d
phia
Bac - Hai
Lpc
phia
Nam. Viing bien rpng cd hai cua Lach chinh ndi lien nhimg con sdng
Idn
rat
thuan tien cho tau thuyen qua lai. Song hien tai chua dupe
6i\x
tu nhieu nen van chuyen
hang hoa chi d
mii'c
tau thuyen nhd, chua cd cang ra vao cho tau
Idn,
Dieu kien tu
nhien thuan
Ipi
trong van chuyen san
phdm
nhu ca, mudi di cac noi va van chuyen
hang hoa cho xuat khau, ddi sdng va phuc vu cho viec phat trien kinh te'.

Nhu vay, vdi nhieu loai
hinh
giao thdng da dang rat thuan tien cho viec van
chuyen, luan chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach. Nhung hoat ddng giao thdng tren day la
nhirng nguon thai ddng gay d nhiem
mdi
trudng
13
2.5. Tac
dpng
moi
truomg
cua boat dpng
thirong
nghiep va dich vu
Bang 11:
Casa,
lao
ddng, tong
mite
bdn le hang hod va doanh thu dich vu,
kinh doanh thuang nghiep - nhd hang.
Chitieu
1.
Co sd
san
xuat kinh doanh
-
Nha
nude:

-
Tap the
-
Doanh
nghigp
-
Ho ca the
II.
Lao
dpng
kinh doanh
Tdng
mCrc
ban
le
H^
Toe
dp tang Tdng
mijrc
ban
le
Ddn
v|
tfnh
Coscr
Cosd
Cosd
Cosd
Cosd
Ngucfi

Ty dong
%
1990
1872
1
4
1867
2382
56
100
1995
2186
1
CM
1
2182
2775
86
154
2000
2389
1
1
2387
3042
131
234
2001
2458
1

1
2456
3130
142
254
2002
2482
1
2
2479
3168
168
300
2003
2778
1
2
2705
3375
192
343
2004
2777
1
2
2774
3509
223
398
2005

2982
1
3
2978
3947
265
473
So lieu bang tren cho tha'y sd co sd kinh doanh, lao ddng tong muc ban le cd tdc
dp tang rat nhanh.
Ve
CO
sd kinh doanh va lao ddng nam 2005 ga'p 1,59 lan nam 1990, 1,32 lan
nam 1995; 1,25
iSn
nam 2000; trong co ca'u co sd kinh doanh khdng con co sd nha
nude ma
chuye'n
sang cdng ty TNHH va ho gia
dinh.
Doanh so ban le va doanh thu dich vu cd the ndi tang rat nhanh la bieu hien
ciia
ket qua kinh doanh, nhu
c^u
tieu dung, san xua't cua nhan dan, hang hoa thi trudng
ngay cang phong
phii,
bieu hien cua nen kinh
te'
dang phat trien.
Neu nhu trudc day thi trudng la

ciia
thuong nghiep qudc doanh
dupe
phan
phdj
theo ke hoach, tem phieu
thi
nay thi trudng la ciia kinh te ca the va mot phan nhd cua
hpp tac xa va cdng ty trach nhiem
hihi
han canh tranh va van hanh theo quy
luat
gia tri
cung cau hang hoa.
Thuong nghiep va dich vu phat
tri^n
dong nghla vdi khai thac tai nguyen manh
me va xa thai cac chat
gay
d nhiem mdi trudng. Neu quy hoach phat trien khdng tot va
dong bd se
gay
ra hau qua nang ne va ton kem trong viec xir ly giai quyet van de
mdi
trudng.
14
III.
DINH
HirONG
QUY HOACH MOI

TRIT6NG
3.1.
Su dung cac nguon tai nguyen moi
triidrng
a) Sii dung dat dai
-
D^t
canh tac ndng nghiep: Nham thuc hien muc tieu cua Nghi quyet Dai hoi
Dang bp huyen Hau Lpc
Mn thii
XXIV, nhiem ky 2006-2010 la 6n dinh dien
tich
liia d
miic 11.000
ha, dat san lupng luong thuc 80.000 ta'n trd len; viec bao ve dien
tich
canh
tac ndng nghiep dac biet la dien tfch
liia dupe
dat lam uu tien hang
6iu.
Do vay, da't
canh tac nong nghiep, dac biet la da't trong
liia dupe
quy hoach theo hudng khdng
chuyen d6i sang cac muc
dich
su dung khac. Viing trpng
die'm
cay liia tap trung d dong

bang cao cua huyen (cac xa Tie'n Ldc, My Ldc, Lpc Son, Ldc Tan, Van Ldc,
Phii
Ldc).
Mdt sd xa dong bang trung cua huyen
g^n
ngudn
nude
(Thinh Ldc, Tuy Lpc, Dai Ldc,
)
tridn
khai md
hinh
ket hpp trong liia - nudi trong thuy san. Cac xa viing dat cat ven
hiin (Minh Lpc, Hoa Lpc, Hung Ldc, Da Lpc, ) tap trung trong cay mau (ngd, khoai,
lac,
virng, ).
- Da't cdng nghiep - dd thi; Do
yeu c5u
dac
thii
ve cap nude sinh hoat tap trung
quy md
Idn,
thuan tien giao thdng va khdng anh hudng de'n da't canh tac ndng nghiep.
Dinh hudng quy hoach viing da't cdng nghiep cua huyen bao gom hai loai:
+
Viing da't cdng nghiep va dd thi tap trung nam tren dia ban cac xa
phia
Tay
(Chau Lpc, Trieu Lpc va mot phan Dai Ldc) do thuan tien ngudn

nude
(Sdng Ma va
Sdng Len), gia tri sir dung da't ndng nghiep tha'p (da't ddi go ngheo dinh duong va dat
trong
Ilia
mot vu, da't trong
m^u),
nam
g^n
QL 1 va dudng sat
Bdc
Nam. Theo quy
hoach KTXH d day se
xay
dung Dd thi Ba Trieu va Nha may giay va bdt giay Chau
Ldc.
+ Viing da't cdng nghiep dd thi khdng tap trung de xay dung cac nha may va
xi
nghiep cdng nghiep quy md nhd va tai dinh cu du kien phat
tri^n
dpc theo de Sdng Len
(Dong Lpc,
Ciu
Lpc, Phong Ldc), dpc theo Kenh De (Hoa Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc,
Phii
Ldc, Hoa Ldc), dpc theo Sdng Lach Trudng (Xuan Ldc). Mot sd dat dai viing doi
gan vdi
Niii
B^n
cd the chuyen hoa thanh dat

xay
dung cac co sd cdng nghiep quy md
nhd.
-I-
Viing da't dd thi khdng tap trung cd the phat trien dpc theo Dudng QL 10 va
thi tran trung tam huyen (Thinh Ldc).
- Da't lam nghiep: toan bp dien
tich
ddi va nui
ciia
huyen du kien quy hoach
trong
rimg
phdng ho va trong
rCfng
san xuat. Cac dien
tich
nay tap trung d cac xa phia
Tay huyen (Chau Ldc, Trieu Lpc, Dai Ldc, Tien Ldc) va mdt sd xa phia Bac (Cau Ldc,
Quang Lpc, Da Lpc).
- Cac xa ven bien
phia
ddng Kenh De do mat dp dan sd qua cao > 2000
ngudi/1
km^
(rieng Ngu Lpc la 18.890 ngudi/1 km'), dang bi sue ep
ciia
xdi
Id
va

dang
cao muc
nude bien, thieu nguon
nude
ngpt khdng nen quy hoach phat trien cdng nghiep, dd thi
va md rpng dien tich canh tac. Khu vuc nay du kien quy hoach cac khu dan cu tap
trung
urng
phd vdi tai bien xdi
Id
va dang cao muc
nude
hiin.
15
b) Phat trien cac ngdnh kinh te
XuSit
phat tiir
di^u
kien tu nhien kinh
te'
xa
hdi ciia
huyen va xu hudng
diln
bien
mdi trudng va phat
tri^n
kinh
te'
da't nudrc, theo

chiing
tdi huyen Hau Ldc can tap trung
phat
tri^n
cac nganh kinh te chii
y^u
sau:
* Nong nghiep:
Day la nganh kinh
te'
chu ye'u hien tai va tuong lai cua huyen do the manh ve da't
dai va nguon
nude
tudi.
Cac loai
cay
trong chu dao la
liia,
ngd, khoai, dau, lac, cdi,
mia,
rau cac loai.
Viing trong
liia
chu yeu thupc cac xa khu vuc dong bang nhu: Tien Lpc, My Lpc, Lpc
Tan, Ldc Son, Van Ldc,
ThuSn
Ldc, Dong Ldc, Thanh Ldc,
Cdu
Lpc, Phong Ldc,
Tu>

L6c,
Thinh Ldc, Quang Ldc,
Phii
Lpc, Xuan Lpc. Vung trdng ngd, khoai, lac tap trung
vao cac xa viing da't cat, cat pha set dpc theo cac trien sdng Len, sdng Tra Giang, Kenh
De;
nhu: Hoa Ldc, Quang Lpc,Phu Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hung Ldc, Da Ldc. Viing trdng cdi
tap trung chu yeu d xa Da Lpc.
Hau Lpc khdng cd da't chuyen dung danh cho hoat dpng chan nudi, tuy nhien
viing
im
tien cho chan nudi trau bd tap trung tai cac xa mien ddi
niii phia
Tay va cac
thdn xa nam dpc cac trien sdng Len, sdng Lach Trudng; viing uu tien cho cac trang trai
chan nudi
Ipn
va gia cam nam trong cac xa ddng bang.
*
Nudi trong va danh
bdt,
che bien thuy hdi san:
Nudi thuy san nude
Ip
-
nude
ngpt: tap trung phat trien tai cac xa nam sat vdi
sdng Lach Trudng va sdng Len, nhu:
Thudn
Ldc, Hoa Lpc, Quang ldc.

Nudi trong thuy san
nude
man tap trung tai cac xa viing bien: Da Ldc, Hung
Lpc,
Hai Ldc, Hoa lpc, Xuan lpc.
^
Nghe lam mudi uu tien tap trung tai cac xa gin cira sdng Lach trudng, noi ndng
dp mudi trong nude tuong ddi cao, nhu: Hai Ldc, Hoa Ldc.
Nghe che bien thuy san, dac biet la thuy san danh bat, tap trung tai cac xa viing
bien, nhu: Ngu Ldc, Da Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc, Hoa Lpc.
* Cong
nghiep vd tieu thu cong nghiep:
Cdng nghiep che bien ndng san hien nay va tuong lai se d trang thai phan tan,
tap trung chu yeu d cac xa ndng nghiep vung dong bang.
Cdng nghiep san xua't vat lieu
xay
dung cd the phat trien dua tren tiem nang dat
set lam gach
ciia
xa Xuan Ldc, cac xa dpc theo de sdng Len (Cau Ldc, Phong Ldc,
Quang lpc) va cac xa viing nui (Trieu Ldc, Chau ldc). Loai
hinh
vat lieu cd kha nang
phat trien d Hau Ldc la gach xay dung cac loai, gach dp
lat.
Vi
tri
tiem
nang de
pha'

trien vat lieu xay dung la Xuan Ldc, Quang Ldc, khu cdng nghiep Ba Trieu.
Cdng nghiep san xuat phan bdn cd kha nang phat trien dua vao
ti(Sm
nang phu
pham ndng nghiep va than bun Trieu
lpc.
Vi
tri
tiem nang de phat trien cac ca
sd
sd
san xuat phan bdn la khu vuc quy hoach Khu cdng nghiep Ba Trieu.
16
Nganh nghe
tidu
thii cdng nghiep phat
tri^n
dua tren truyen thdng dia phuong
va
nguon nguyen lieu,
vi
du: nghe dan lat ciia lang Vu Thanh, xa My ldc; nghe nau ruoi
ciia xa
C^u
Ldc;
ngh^
ren cua xa Tie'n Lpc.
* Thuong
mqi
dich vu:

He thdng thuong mai dich vu phuc vu dan cu dia phuong bd'
tri
tap trung theo
QL 10 - dudng giao thdng chii ye'u ciia huyen. He thdng thuong mai dich vu dd'i ngoai
nen tap trung phat
tri^n
dpc theo QL 1, vdi trung tam du kien la Dd thi Ba Trieu dang
dupe
quy hoach
xay
dung.
Dich vu du lich cua huyen dua tren ba nguon tai nguyen chu ye'u la cac di tich
lich sir van hoa
(D^n
Ba Trieu - xa Trieu lpc, Chiia
Siing
Nghiem - xa Van Ldc, Di
tich
van hoa do da mdi - xa Hoa Ldc, Den Ngu Phu - Hdn Ne - xa Ngu Ldc); tai nguyen
thien
nhidn
vung
niii
Bin - niii Son Trang; tai nguyen bien (cac xa ven bien tir Hoa Ldc
- Ngu Lpc - Hung Lpc - Da Ldc - Hai lpc - Hoa ldc - Xuan
ldc.
Trong dd, Den Ba
Trieu la trung tam
d^u
mdi cho cac hoat ddng du lich tren dia ban huyen. !

- Giao thong van tdi thuy
bp:
Dudng bp QL 1 va QL 10; Dudng thuy tren Kenh De-
Sdng Len - Sdng Ma,
3.2. Xay
dimg
ha tang co
sd
bao ve moi trudng
* Nguon nuac:
Bao gom:
nude
sinh hoat cho dan cu va nude phuc vu hoat ddng kinh te.
- Nuac sinh hoat cho dan cu: Hien tai va trong tuong lai hai ngudn nude
chii
ye'u dupe sir dung lam nude sinh hoat cho dan cu trong dia ban huyen la nude mat tir he
thdng Sdng Ma - Song Len va nude ngam. Trong dd, nguon nude mat tir he thdng Sdng
Ma - Sdng Len cd vai trd quyet dinh true tiep den ca'p nude va cd anh hudng gian tiep
chat lupng nude
ngim
trong dia ban huyen. Do qua trinh nhiem man va xu the dang
cao muc nude bien, nude mat doan
ciia
sdng Len, doan tir Cau Len den Nga Ba Bong
cd chat lupng va so lupng dam bao cho viec ca'p nude sach tap trung cho toan bd dan
cU
huyen. Nguon
nude
mat ngpt
ciia

huyen cd the
b6
sung tir nude mua va nude mat cua
cac luu vuc nude
dung
xay dung trong cac xa mien
niii
phia Tay huyen. Nguon
nude
ngam
ciia
huyen gdm 3
t^ng
nude chu yeu: nude ngam tang mat, nude ngam tang ndng
va
nude
ngam tang sau. Hien tai, nude
ng^m
tang mat dang bi d
nhidm
bdi chat thai
sinh hoat, khdng the quy hoach lam nguon cap nude cho dan cu, dac biet la dan cu
ciia
cac xa mien bien cd mat dp dan sd cao. Nude ngim ling ndng d cac xa ven bien, dpc
sdng Lach Trudng va kenh De dang bi nhiem man. Loai hinh
nude
ngam tang ndng
khdng the quy hoach lam nguon cap nude cho dan cu dia phuong cac xa viing bien va
bd trai kenh De. Loai
hinh

nude
ng^m
cd kha nang sir dung lam ngudn nude sinh hoat
cho dan cu la
nude ng^m
tang
sau
nam tren mdng ket tinh
ciia
khu vuc, vdi dp sau tang
dan tir Tay Bac xudng Ddng Nam. Khu vuc xa Hoa Ldc, Hung Lpc, Ngu Ldc, Hai Lpc
dp sau cd the dat
tdi
150m, trong khi dd tai cac xa Quang ldc. Cau Lpc, Thanh Lpc cd
the gap d dp sau 20 - 50 m dudi dia hinh ddng bang. Di khai thac ngudn
nude ngdm
17
-
ir^'jij.:
1/
Dr
'^>
' ! ^' •.
!
-MQ
/
\ ' .
?^
b
'J'

'/'E^
tSng
sau lam
nude
sinh hoat phuc vu cho cac xa ven
bi^n,
cin
tri^n
khai cac tram
khai
thac nude tap trung.
- Nguon nuac phuc vu hoat dong canh tdc nong nghiep vd nuoi trong thuy
san
hien tai va tuong lai la
nude
sdng Len, sdng Au va cac ho chua nude xay dung d mien
niii phia
Tay. Trong dd,
nude
sdng Len la dd'i tuong chu yeu cung ca'p nguon nude cho
nong nghiep. Qua cdng My nude Ldc Dong, nude sdng Len chay vao sdng Tra Giang,
tijf
do chay ngupc len cac xa Thinh Lpc. Tiir Thinh Ldc,
nude
sdng Tra Giangtheo kenh
5 xa thoat ra sdng lach Trudng d cdng Xuan Ldc, hoac chay ngupc ve cac xa Ldc Tan -
Ldc Son - My Ldc, Van Lpc
d^
hoa vdi nude sdng Au va chay ra sdng Lach Trudng
qua cdng d Thuan Ldc - Hoang Xuyen. Nguon nude sdng Au, bat nguon tir day niii Son

Trang chay theo Qudc
Id
sd 6 (cu) cd kha nang cung ca'p nude tudi ndng nghiep
che
cac xa Tie'n Ldc, My Ldc, Van Lpc. Hien tai,
nude
tudi cho hoat ddng ndng nghiep d
huyen Hau Ldc, dupe bom tir sdng Len tai tram bom Dai Lpc, thdng qua he thdng kenh
Bac dan tdi cac xa nam d Tay Bac sdng Tra Giang (Dai Ldc, Dong Ldc, Cau Ldc, Tie'n
Ldc,
Lpc Son, Lpc Tan, Phong Lpc va mot phan Thinh Ldc). Cac ho
chiia
nude d cac
xa mien
niii
phia Tay cd kha nang cung ca'p nude tudi han che' cho hoat ddng canh tac
ndng nghiep. '
* Thodt nuac vd xu
ly:
thodt
nude vd
xu ly
nu&c
thdi
Hudng thoat nude (nude thai, nude mua) chung
ciia
huyen Hau Ldc kha phirc
tap,
nhung
chii

yeu la thoat nude ra sdng Lach Trudng. Toan bd viing dat phia Tay Bac
sdng Tra Giang va mdt sd xa Van Ldc,
Thudn
Ldc, My Ldc, Thinh Ldc cd hudng thoat
nude chung la sdng Tra Giang va sdng Au. Viing dat nam giira sdng Tra Giang va
Kenh De khdng cd hudng thoat nude chung, cac luu vuc thoat nude gdm Kenh 5 xa,
kenh De va sdng Len,
Ph^n
da't nam
phia
Ddng Kenh De thoat nude ra bien. Hien
tai
va trong tuong lai
gin,
hoat dpng thoat nude mua va
nude
thai
ciia
cac xa phia Ddng
kenh De dang gap nhieu khd khan, trong nhieu trudng hpp can phai tie'n hanh thoat
nude cudng buc.
Hien trang d nhiem
nude
sdng Tra Giang cd nguyen nhan tir nude thai sinh hoat
va cha't thai chan nudi, dang cd xu hudng ngay cang tram trpng hon do su
gia
tang dan
sd, gia tang cudng dp canh tac ndng nghiep va tang quy md hoat ddng chan nudi. De
giam thieu tac ddng d nhilm, mot sd dinh hudng xir ly
nude

thai dupe de xuat nhu sau:
- Nude
thai ciia
cac khu dan cu tap trung (thi tran Thinh Lpc, thi tran Van Lpc,
dd thi Ba Trieu, ) phai xir ly tap trung trudc khi do ra sdng Tra Giang, sdng Au).
- Nude thai va chat thai cua cac trang trai chan nudi tap trung phai
dupe
thu
gom, xir ly va thu hoi
khi
biogas trong cac he thdng xu ly
nude
thai cue bp.
- Nude thai lang nghe (lang nghe ren Tien Ldc, lang nau ruau Cau Ldc, lang
kinh doanh dich vu chd Thanh Ldc) can
dupe
thu gom va xir ly trudc
khi
thai ra mdi
trudng.
-
Nude
thai
ciia
cac co sd cdng nghiep, che bien thuy hai san bat bupc phai dupe
xu
Iv
trudc
khi
thai bd ra moi trudng xung quanh.

18
* Phdng
ngita
tai bien thien nhien:
Tai bien thien nhien lien quan den vung dat nghien
ciiu
bao gom dang cao muc
nude
bien trong ddng bao (cac xa phia Dong Kenh de), xdi
Id
bd bien (cac xa Hung
Ldc,
Ngu Ldc, Minh Ldc), gid manh trong bao, xam nhap man (cac xa Da Lpc, Hung
Ldc,
Hai Lpc, Minh Ldc, Hoa Ldc, Xuan ldc, ), Cac giai phap co ban
d^
phdng ngira
tai bien
thien nhien chung la trong
rtoig
chan sdng va
chdn
gid; kien cd hoa cac de bien
va song; cung cd co sd ha
tdng
nha d,
c^p
nude sach, ca'p dien, v.v.
Trdng
riing

chan sdng va chan gid la giai phap co ban, cd hieu qua kinh te' ddi
vdi dia ban huyen Hau lpc. Khu vuc cin uu tien trong rimg chan sdng va chan gid la
cac xa ven bien (Da Lpc, Hung Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc, Xuan Lpc, Hoa Ldc, Xuan
Lpc).
Trong pham vi nay, cd hai loai
hinh
rimg: rimg chan sdng ngoai de d xa Da Ldc,
Hoa Lpc, Xuan Lpc; rimg chan gid d trong de d tat ca cac xa phia Ddng
Kdnh
De.
Kien cd hoa cac tuyen de, dac biet la de bien cd muc tieu ngan ngira dang cao
miic
nude
h\in
trong gidng bao. Khu vuc uu tien de xay dung kien cd hoa tuyen de
bi^n
la cac xa Da Ldc, Hung Ldc, Ngu Ldc, Minh Ldc, Hai Ldc. Cac tuyen de sdng
khu vuc cira sdng Len, sdng Lach Trudng can thudng xuyen tu bo va nang ca'p.
*
Bdi rdc:
Rac thai dang la ye'u to
gay
d nhiem mdi trudng nghiem trpng d viing ndng
thdn, trong dd cd huyen Hau Ldc. Nguyen nhan cua su cd nay bao gom:
sir
gia tang
tdng lupng rac thai va thanh
phdn
khd phan huy trong rac thai; khdng cd bai rac va khu
xir ly rac thai tap trung.

Tinh
trang rac thai d6 tran lan xudng cac thuy vuc va cac khu
da't trung gan vdi cac khu dan cu dang lam cho mdi trudng nude mat,
nude
bien va
khdng khi d nhiem [4]. Dinh hudng giai phap bao ve mdi trudng nham ngan ngira d
nhiem mdi trudng rac thai sinh hoat, phat sinh trong hoat dpng kinh te xa hdi la xay
dung cac khu xir ly va chdn
la'p
rac thai tap trung. Trong dd, ddi vdi huyen Hau ldc la
viec quy hoach cac bai chdn lap rac thai. Do dieu kien tu nhien phan each manh
liet,
du
kien
nen xay
dung cac bai chdn la'p rac tap trung quy md nhd cho tirng viing, cu the cd
ba vung : viing
niii
phia Tay, viing ddng bang trung tam, vung ven bien. Xet ve
dilu
kien tu nhien va
yeu
cau bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi cac bai rac tap trung. Vj tri xay
dung cac bai rac tap trung ddi vdi cac viing
ciia
huyen Hau Ldc cu the nhu sau:
-i-
Viing ven bien: noi thich hpp da
dupe lira
chpn la xa Minh Ldc.

^
+ Viing
dong bang: noi
thich
hpp la khu vuc doi gd thudc Quang Ldc.
4-
Viing
niii
phia Tay: noi thich hpp la ria Nam
Niii
Ban thudc dia phan xa Tien
Lpc.
Ben canh cac bai rac tap trung, mdi xa va khu dan cu can cd cac bai tap ket rac
rieng de tap trung rac trudc
khi
chuyen tdi khu chdn lap tap trung.
*
Quan trdc mdi
truofig:
Nhu da ndi tren, ngay ca d nhiem va suy thoai mdi trudng tai huyen Hau ldc, bao
gom: d nhiem
nude
mat tren cac ddng chay
chinh.
d nhiem va nhilm man
nude
ngam
tane
mat va lang ndng; 6 nhilm
nude

bien: d nhiem khdng khi va
nude
thai khu cdng
19
nghiep Chau Ldc; tai
bi^n
mdi trudng
viing
ven
bidn.
Di han che cac tac ddng d nhilm,
viec
quy hoach cac
die'm
va thdng
s6'
quan trdc
c^
duac tie'n hanh ngay trong giai doan
nay.
+ Vi
tri
va thong
sd'
quan trdc
nude
mat
dupe
trinh bay trong bang 12.
+

Vi
tri
va thdng sd quan trie
nude ngdm
dupe
trinh
bay trong bang
13.
+ Vi tri
va thdng sd quan trdc nude
bi^n
dupe trinh bay trong bang 14.
+ Vi tri va cac
di^m
quan trdc d nhilm khdng khi dupe trinh bay trong bang
15.,
+
Vi tri va cac thd'ng
so'
quan trdc tai bien
viing
ven
biln
dupe trinh bay trong bang
16.
Bang 12. Vi tri vd cdc diem quan trdc
nude
mat
IT
1

CM
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Vi
tri
Song Len tai Nga ba
B6ng
Sdng
L6n
tai Cau
Len
Sdng Len tai Pha
Tham
S6ng L6n
tai
cCra
song xa Da Lpc
Sdng Tra Giang tai
Cdng
Long Dong
S6ng
Tra Giang tai
cau

Thjnh
Lpc
Song Tra Giang sau
khi hap luu vdi song
Au
K6nh
5 xa tai Cdng
Bai Ha Xuan
Kenh De tai Cau De
Song Au tai cau Lien
Minh
Doi
ti/dng
quan
trio
Nude
s6ng
L6n
dau nguon
Nude
s6ng
L6n
sau khi tiep nhan
nude
thai cua Khu
cflng
nghiep Chau
L6c
Nude
Song Len chiu tac

dfing nhi§m
man
Nude
s6ng
L6n
chju tac ddng
nhi§m
man (cuoi ngu6n)
Nude
sdng Tra Giang dau ngu6n tai
noi nhan
nude
song Len
Nude
sdng Tra Giang chju anh hudng
chat thai ndng
nghidp
va dan sinh
(giu^a
nguon)
Nude
sdng Tra Giang chiu anh hudng
chat thai ndng
nghiep
va dan sinh
(cudi
nguon)
Nude
thai tdng hop (cudi ngu6n)
Nifdc

kenh De chiu tac d6ng nhiem
man va 6 nhiem
Ni/dc
song Au dau
(giCa
nguon)
Thdng so quan
trie
TCVN
5942/1995
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong so
SS,
COD,
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong sd
SS,
COD, dp muoi
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong so
SS,
COD,
dp
muoi
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong so

SS,
COD, dp muoi
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong so
SS,
COD, BOD, dp muoi, coliform
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thong so
SS,
COD, BOD, dp
mudi,
coliform
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thdng sd
SS,
COD, BOD, thudc
BVW,
coliform
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thdng sd
SS,
COD, BOD, dp mudi, coliform
TCVN
5942/1995
va cac thdng sd
SS,

COD, BOD, coliform
on
n
Vi
tri
xa Phong
Ldc
Xa Thjnh
Ldc
xaNgu
Ldc
Bang 13. Vi
tri
vd cdc thdng so quan trdc
nude
ngam
Doi tuong quan
trie
Nude
ngam tang mat, tang ndng
va
tang sau (dau
nguon)
Nude
ngam tang mat, tang ndng
va
tang
sSu (nhi§m
man
va

d
nhi§m giOa
ngu6n)
Nude
ngam tang mat, tang ndng
va
tang sau (nhiem
man
va
d
nhi§m giufa
ngudn)
Thong
so quan
trdc
TCVN 5940/2005
TCVN 5940/2005. dp
mudi.
BOD
TCVN 5940/2005. dp
mudi.
nOD
Bang 14. Vi tri
va
thdng so quan trdc
nude
bien
TT
1
CNI

3
Vjtrf
Nude
bien khu
vuc
cang
ca Ngu Ldc
Nude
bien khu vuc
cCra
bien Lach Trudng
Nude bidn
tai dao Hdn Ne
Doi
tUdng
quan
trie
0 nhilm
nude bi^n
ven bd
0 nhiem
nude
bien ven bd va
kiem
soat
chat luang mudi
Chat luang
nude
bien ven bd
Thong so quan trdc

TCVN 5943/2005. SS, BOD.
KLN,
coliform
TCVN 5943/2005, SS, BOD,
KLN.
dp mudi. BOD
TCVN 5943/2005. SS, BOD,
KLN,
ddmudi.
Bang 15. Vi tri vd thdng sd quan trdc d nhiem khdng khi
IT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vjtrf
Thj tran Thjnh Ldc
Khu dan cuxa Ngu
Ldc
Khu vuc nha may giay
Chau
Ldc
Do!
tUcfng
quan trio
Hien trang chat luang khdng
khi
khu dd thj

Hien trang chat luang khdng
khi
khu dan cu
tap trung
Hien trang chat luang khdng
khi
khu cdng
nghifep
Khu vuc nha may gach
1
Hien trang chat luang khdng
khi
nha may
Xuan Ldc
Thong
so
quan
trdc
TCVN 5937/2005
TCVN 5937/2005
TCVN 5937/2005
^CVN
5937/2005
Khu vuc bai rac Minh Lpc Hien trang chat luong khdng
Khi
bai rac TCVN 5937/2005
Khu vuc benh vien huyen
Hten
trang chat luang khong khi benh vien
xa My Ldc

TCVN 5937/2005 \
1
1
21
Bang 16. Vi tri vd cdc thdng sd quan trdc tai bien mdi truang vung ven bien
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Vitrf
<
xa Da Ldc
xa Hung
Ldc
xa Ngu Ldc
xa Hai Ldc
xa Hoa Ldc
xa Xuan
Ldc
Doi
tUcrng
quan
trie
RCmg
ngap man
Xdi mdn bd
bi^n va

dd
bi^n
Xdi mdn bd bien va dd
bid'n
Xdi mdn bd bien
va d6 bidn
RUng
ngap man va dd
sdng
bidn
RUng
ngap man va dd
sdng bien
Thong so quan trdc
Didn tich
va chat luang
amg
Xdi mdn ba
bidn
va chat luang dd bien
Xdi mdn bd bien va chat luong de bien
Xdi mdn bo bien va chat luong de bien
Dien
tich
va chat luong
rUng
ngap man, chat luang
dd sdng bien
Didn tich
va chat luong rung ngap man, chat

luong'
de sdng bien
*
Quy hoach bdo ve tdi nguyen lich su, cdnh quan:
Muc dich cua quy hoach la bao ton cac di tich lich sir canh quan
ciia
huyen.
Phuong phap
chii
yeu de thuc hien quy hoach la vach ra cac gidi han khdng gian bao ve
cac tai nguyen lich sir, canh quan va kiem soat cac hoat ddng phat trien gay d nhiem va
suy thoai cac gia tri
Uch
sir canh quan dupe quy hoach. Cac ddi tuong dupe quy hoach
bao ve gdm: Den Ba Trieu, dao Hdn Ne, Di tich dd da cu Hoa Ldc,
Chiia Siing
Nghiem.
+ Den Ba Trieu: Hai vi tri dupe quy hoach la Den Ba Trieu va Khu lang md.
Pham vi khdng gian quy hoach bao gom ranh gidi bao ve theo quy dinh
ciia
Bd van hoa
va toan bd tai nguyen rirng va canh quan
ndm
gan vdi di tich.
+ Dao Hdn Ne: cd gia tri quan trpng trong viec han che tac ddng cua bao ddi vdi
viing bd bien, cung nhu gia tri an ninh qudc phdng va bao ton he sinh thai rirng tren
dao.
Ndi dung quy hoach bao ton dupe xac dinh la: bao ve dien tich va chat lupng rimg
tren dao, han che tdi da tac ddng cua cac cdng trinh
xay

dung nhan tao tren dao, phat
huy cac gia tri sinh thai mdi trudng dao phuc vu phat trien du lich bien.
+ Di tich do da mdi Hoa Ldc: Ddi tuong dupe quy hoach bao ve la dien
tich
khu
vuc phat
hien
cac di tich do da mdi d hai xa Hoa Ldc va Phu Ldc. Noi dung quy hoach
la bao ton nguyen trang cac khu vuc phat hien di tich dd da
mdi
phuc vu nghien
curu
khoa hpc, giao due va du lich.
+ Chua
Siint^
Nghiem: Ddi tupng
dupe
quy hoach bao ve la khdng gian chiia va
cac di vat
ciia
chiia. Ndi dung quy hoach bao ve la di tich chiia cd cd tir
thdi
nha Ly
nam
tron"
khdng gian
ciia
dd thi cd Duy
Tinh,
tirng ton

tai each
day tren 1.400 nam.
-)"»
TAI
LI$U
THAM KHAO
I
1.
Le Van Khoa (Chu bien), Gido trinh dinh dudng khodng cay
trong.
Ha Ndi, 2008.
2.
Cue Thd'ng ke tinh Thanh Hoa, Nien giam thong ke 2000-2004, NXB. Thdng ke
2004
3.
Cue Thdng ke Thanh Hoa, Nien giam thong ke
2005,2006,2007.
4.
Luu
Due
Hai, Ngu Ldc - Mdt diem
nhdc
nhdi ve mdi trudng vung ven bien Viet
Nam,
Tap chi Bao ve mdi trudng, sd 4 nam 2004.
5.
Pham Van Lang, Nghien ciru, ddnh gid xdc dinh cdng nghe dot tdng sdi
bdng
chat thdi sinh khdi dung trong phat dien, Ha Ndi,
2003.

6. Dudng Xuan
Phiic,
Tim hieu hien trang sd dung vd ddnh gid tiem ndng ndng
luang sinh khdi cdc phu pham cdy trong
(Ida,
ngd, lac) tinh Ninh Binh, Khoa
luan tot nghiep nganh KHMT nam 2008
7.
Tong cdng ty giay Viet Nam, Bdn cam ket bdo ve mdi trudng Du an
"
Nhd mdy
sdn xuat giay vd bdt giay Thanh
Hod'\
Ha Ndi 2007, Luu tru
-So
TN&MT Thanh
Hoa.
8. Le Thi Tan, Budc ddu nghien
cdu
hien trang qudn ly phu pham cdy trong tai
huyen
Vinh
Tu&ng,
tinh Vinh Phuc vd
de
xuat mot sd gidi phdp qudn ly, Khoa
luan tot nghiep nganh KHMT nam 2008
9. Vien Quy hoach
xay
dung, Sd Xay dung Thanh Hod, Thuyet minh quy hoach

chung dd thi mdi Bd Trieu, huyen Hau Ldc, tinh Thanh Hod giai doqn 2001-
2010,ThanhUoi
11/2002.
10.
UBND huyen Hau Lpc,
Dudia chi
Hau Ldc, NXB.