CÁC NGUYÊN LÝ VÀ THỰC TIỄN. CỦA SUY DIỄN WEB NGỮ NGHĨA

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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC
KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN

NHÓM 4-CAO HỌC KHOA HỌC MÁY TÍNH B
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CÁC NGUYÊN LÝ VÀ THỰC TIỄN
CỦA SUY DIỄN WEB NGỮ NGHĨA
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SEMATIC WEB


 !
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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC
KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN

NHÓM 4-CAO HỌC KHOA HỌC MÁY TÍNH B

CÁC NGUYÊN LÝ VÀ THỰC TIỄN
CỦA SUY DIỄN WEB NGỮ NGHĨA
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SEMATIC WEB
"#$%&"'"()* +%&,-*
TS. HOÀNG HỮU HẠNH LÊ BÁ MINH PHONG
NGUYỄN THỊ THANH TÂM
TRẦN THỊ THÀNH
NGUYỄN VŨ CÁT TƯỜNG
TRẦN NHƯ ĐĂNG TUYÊN
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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
./012345678968:3;/<=1>?@ABC2;/<=C
D83EFGHIJ78EKL6M6N6@O/PQR=3/7Q
6? (S PQPC?: TU T16V?61= PT Q C=6/1=/ 
CI@=/;?W78XQ$Y@C6/7Q6?(SQ
./01EKL6Z?IKY8I.;/<E8E[01Y\66]N6:3Y\
^6C6_C`1a66`[EKL6:b;c=4>?@ABCQdAC./
01/0/V360C/eKdee:3;/<61>?@ABC78>?@A
BC7f/66N;c;9C78166]N6^6C6_C:3;/<Q
/[Y\83:g=]@83`I5667hIEiEKL6=]@83j/./01
;1Ek3Y8667hEi6`G34Yl78e;c=496/<6_C:3;/<
W?IC/6>?@4/[Y\37m:gICE61Kn/Em6I.6/]
MVC6_CW3;/W?IC/6>?@

NỘI DUNG
1. Tích hợp kiến thức định vị và xẻ rãnh trên Web ngữ nghĩa
op/C/^6_CpA>?@ABCEKL6Zk3;9Yj/@q
66/f//r^G6Kf6=96/C17f/Is/VCkI=/4@/r6tjK
7u=G:17f/=vY\eY\pVC663456ek Y1j/T(PW1a6
$>78:9/r;/r6_C>?@\;/rEs/KLQ(9C=4HI;w6_C
6xC7i^p/C837f/TY?y$W7/5e1://1CY:Y1?;]
N6EKL6/f//rKY8I.pA6he6C16`[EM/YzCEKL6
:?=/CY/{C/1TY?KfEs/KLQy$W;wCEu7u1=Y1/678
PY1/6|:Z}=v6pN6E[Ej/;/r6166:9^/r78V356=4~?@•3
6m7/r6Ei6\eEYfeT(PW1a6$>(I8ekY1j/N9:5eZeQ
6ABCy$W=96/eH6Kn66Ip]?=@=C;61Is/VC
rC=3@O/:N66NC^10=vIrEi/:C/C/178;9C=4@]Et
j6pVC66Eu7u6A^l7866Y1j/Q#e;c0//Kd9
61 :9sh =1Yl36NI/ 78 XC7C@C:?; 96/r$$

€(TS>Q>?@/{/:b;cT=166]N6SP6_C 616k
VCr^?65I7866Y1j/Q>?@/{?;34b/ec661e•e66Ej/;/r
$(6_CEs/KLY1/6P78T(PIp0KA:9^/r=vH6Kn
@O/66V356QPY1/67/5Es/KLY‚CEKL6pVC@O/y$$
=1^/7/5
∧
8eƒ6_C`EKL6/f/j6166`IE.6Y\e6_C
66^?Es/KL;3hQ
„
y$W|:^Le66Is/ VCr7866Es/KL61e•e6=1::
…?=/Y/{C/1:K^V0VCr7i
∧
:1:1E.6Y\eEKL663[/C1
61Es/KLekes/EuBCE./KLQT(P66x=s=O8
IrEi6I1;Y?6c6@.6NC;9W^1Y?IQ
J
2. XChange: Từ ngôn ngữ truy vấn Xcerpt đến một Ngôn ngữ
Reactive
y0N^0HE[e/r66:9^/r78=0Yn/9E.pVC
66e0N6Kd=]Y8I.^`C346ƒ/ip/.683
pIC36_CrsQ8I7/r67i;u67c>?@e0:96ƒ/e0/†
=Le0N=4I.IN6E.=DKL6C1d:17f/=C1EM//56‡
@qyQˆC?I.pAe0N61>?@;9C=4V356M
6N6:9^/r/i^/r8E.QˆC?Zk3;9=478IO=.p
A=37hˆ6?=e6_C>?@:CI.66/e6\;9C=4Ip]E[=3
7h;AY/r:9^/r;AY/r>?@786\e\;AY/r>?@QpA†=L66
:9^/rMLe6\e\eN6je6‰KYlY\7f/;AY/r>?@@q66
eKdN6Y\^h=DQ
3. CLP (XML) Lập trình logic ràng buộc trên dữ liệu bán cấu trúc
=1eƒ836xCZ?IZ•Y8I8166;AY/r@6h=x66`

[EKL6ZbYlAj6:b;c6prY\e=]E[/0/V366
7hEiMLe78^LeYlY\j67f/YlY\@0[m6=4~?@A
BCK81Q
4. Ngôn ngữ chung của sự phát triển và khả năng ứng dụng trong web
ngữ nghĩa:
yƒ836xCEuBC 66^//rI6d@061I.pA
66_C:9e=/[78^0HN;c=1W?IC/6>?@Qc6EG6Y8
h3  =Š  I.  Ip  ]  Z6  Eu  I. VC  r 6_C  p  A  E`Q
F
pAEiZhEKL6;9C=4:9^/rE/i^/rV3568E.:9^6
C6_CpA6166:9^/r@C1‚I60pA6166:9^/r†
Le6161‹;//1:=37h786`[EKL6@C1‚I668E.60
8E. eN6jeE/i83 ec6 7c 61 pA ^pE‚h @4
6j7/r6^pE‚h7iIp];AY/rI86xCBY86ƒ/E[
Es/e`7f/:9e=/[78^0He0N=1W?IC/6>?@Q
5. Mô hình không /C địa lý cho Semantic Web
W?IC/6>?@Y8I.†Y96qIH6Kn;AY/r>?@7f/:/4;A
Y/r78ZbYl;AY/r6‰KeKdeeZ6Eu6_C66;AY/rE`7861
e•e66rs;9C=4>?@E[\;cYL/6_C^0HYlY\|p
I/|Q6=]@837ilBC6_C;AY/r6d@0Ew/Œ/:9e=/[6_CI.
Ip]/f/Q7G;cIp0LeYl6_CIp]/f/Q=1@8/@183
6xp/E/i=CA]`6`BCY8E[e=/[I.Ip]/f/
^p/CEuCYl;AY/r6`[EKL6:b;c6166N;c~?@ABCQ
oGC6j^6CEKL6ekG678Eiu61I.^/=x66c[EKL6
e=/[Qo/=x6:gEKC7818/^10;AY/r^p/CEuCYlEKn@.
@0E‚7Q7QQKnEKL6:OA@O/666p3786‡6`[=36\ep
VC/C1;/r6_CmQR8/7/6‰Y\eY\=qE[@M:/46zIc6
EG66eKdeeIp]`C;AY/r;9C=4Y1/678YlY\K7G
;cEKL666he@O/T(P78$>7866YlY\6166pAsh
/0/V3@q66:b;cE‚uE[Ip]`C;AY/r78\16‰

K66/Y\e61YlY\Q(1E`@8/7/I/mCEs/7f/=KnLe96
•
6_CYlY\7u=GE[66heKf;ŽY\W?IC/6>?@Yl3Yl
Y\Y8I.@M:I1Is|/46zYlY\2Q
6. Xử lý tính toán của những khái niệm tạm thời: CTTN-Hệ thống
rsY8I.6Kd=]I3G66heZbYl/4/1a6
66^//rIn//CQ66h=x6;AY/r6d@06_CrsY8n/
E/[I^10n//C:56•78In76H6`v6_C;wn//C
n//C7866rsYu6Q676H6`vEKL6:b;cE[Ip]
^//rIn//CEu^•AKn/^KnZ34K66HI
QQQ A Kn/ I.eƒ KnZ34 K n//C@/[K 6‰6`
A  Kn/ =h @h  Kn K   7G  ;c D I.  Y1j ./ uQ
A6h=x6;AY/r6`[EKL6:b;c=1pAEa6E/[I^•\
n//CEKL6"?1?Ie1=CYp:s^•\Q"?:Y8I.Ea606N6H
78pAY\e=]7f/I.:sG6Le=1Zk3;9V3Eu6c[6_C
^68^//rIn//CQEKL696/rKI.I36_~?@
78KY8I.K7/r‘‘Q
7. Kiến trúc sửa đổi cho lý luận Semantic Web
o/=x6 /r j/ 61 W?IC/6>?@ 7f/ :9hIj781 ^0H
KdG66xee78ABCT(P6`7hEiVC=m^/EKL6^Le
7f/pAW?IC/6>?@Q.^/=x6G57f/T(PEKL6EiZhQ=1
^/=x683:9^6CpA W?IC/6>?@ 6`[ 6`6xee^6
CKe0/:b;c66Ip]Kd9Q
’
o/=x683 EKL6 :bCEM/ 66he YL/ E^[:17f/ ^/ =x6
W?IC/6>?@/rj/=1^/7Ž6wEx7f/66]6_CW?IC/6>?@Q
8. Semantic Web Kiến trúc: Stack hoặc Two Towers?
./;eƒ8301Y\7i^/=x6pA61W?IC/6>?@78
Ea6@/rY866EiZh^6CE[IO=.^/=x6837f/I.8eƒ
66V356Qxp/Y\eY\=qI.^/=x6s/EC`C^0HKd

G67f/66pA/r6`Ea6@/rY8T(P78$>:gEKL6^DC:9
e=/[6_C>?@ABC787Ž61e•e66]N6/0/Y8/f/
^•e^G78e_EuY8h@j/Q
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9. Ngữ nghĩa và lợi thế hội nhập của ontologies và các quy tắc an toàn
p 0 Y1/6 (: EC E` I. 7C/  =w = kI  =1 :3;/<
W?IC/6>?@7]6xY866]N6EKL6:b;c/ih61Zk3;9
11Y13Q0ABC78G1667hEie:/^/IO=.(:7f/
668eƒ ;9C=43456Q a6@/r (: G6Le 7f/ 66 V356
^pEdE/rEw/Œ/e0/Es/e`Ex7f/C/:9^6@/rABC*
C(:EKL6;9C=4/0//f/IO=1V3Eu836d:O6_C
66]N6/0//f/E`Q
@(:/^Ea6@/r61W?IC/6>?@N6Y8$>$>(^p
;9C=466/0/4;3h=1^/66rs;9C=4Y\YrKn
e;c/0/4E.6E1Q
=1/[Y\836xp/=]@83AE``e:CEk3*
Qˆ6Eu6H6N^/N6C18YC/I.^p^M66GN6
E[G6Le6611Y137866V35666he61I.ZbYl=Š=87i66
7hEiABCO=4”
Q=]@83I.\1YlY\788Y\eGV3Eu`/6
78^V0eN6je61YlY\=1oRWYC/C18”
QKI.rV06_CA^V0`/66ƒE`I.7hEiIO
BCY8GV3Eu6_C$>(7f/(V356C18Q
18/=C=1/[Y\6xp/Ip066G/rII.:s;AY/r
ABCe??=1e??=V0Ylrs78/[Y\61h3=q`Ev6`V3
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IpY4E88Q.d/81E`x6Ez3I.VCE/[I2ŒY8E•e2
ƒI]6_CW?IC/6>?@;9C=46611Y13Ed/0EKL66k1
7G;c3456ekY1j/6_C66Yfem6KEKL6ekes/OV3Ip
YfQ =1 ƒI ] 6_C W?IC/6>?@ Kn/:b;c^p e Ea A

Kn/^6:3Y\6_CI]Q#ZjLeYl/AC6611Y136`[j1=C
I.=C~?@6_CAKn/=1E`6kABCE;h66;A
Y/r6E.6E17f/I.=C1EM/Le66_C;AY/rQ
?1VCE/[I83>?@Y8I.rse??=1e??=YfV0Yl;AY/r
;9C=46611Y13Ed/0ekes/78ZjQ
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10.Chương trình logic mô tả: Là một lựa chọn thiết thực cho các mô
hình của ontology
o/N6Ej/;/r@q66:b;c11Y13j18=//I6_C66
6prABCQRh6heA†Y96 /46z`C 86p6_C
> 3/47Ž6w=h/i@/[;/<11Y13^6CECEKL6:b
;c78^p6`^0HKd6/AC6xQ%hEiY8^p10Iv
@O/96 =q66/46z /r 8 Ea iI` 78 EKL6@/EY8
^pE_E[Ip]`C666//sdQK7\36`I.Y1j66eƒIO
=.6_CpA6d@0EKL6EiZhY8I61]06_CpA@/[
;/<11Y13 Y8 †Y1j E[`/=qGhQ =1^/66 6pr A
BC@5Eƒ=O8e;c78ECEKL6e;c=1^796Yk6\6_C
/46N78=166;9/46N7f/:9CI/C6_C6p/re78
:fI6`[ EKL6;9^/:g=O8I.eƒ^p[/ 6_C66N
;c6p/rem67/4:gEKL6Es/Ia7f//rI7c^`^H6_C7/r6Y9C
6m6d@06_CI]Ip]@/[;/<11Y13Qxp/:g=CY\=q
66\eLe61$>EKL6@/EK6Kd=]Y1/6Ip06h8I.
:9Y9C6m=hLeYlQ
11.Khuôn khổ cho canh chỉnh các Ontology
611Y13Y8I.6prVC=m61W?IC/6>?@Q=166
^796^6C11Y13EvEKL6e=/[78/iKn/=1:sA
11Y136`6NCp/6‚6•1QKn]6xC;1E`:gIsE[
6`[:b;c11Y13m6/i78;1E`66@0[6ƒe0/EKL6Y/4^Q
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/rC36`‚j/I.:s66rs†=LKn/;•=17/r6:5eZe

66  11Y13 K ^p  /i  Kn/ E  / :1  : Ev EKL6  96
/rQ=1/[Y\836xp/=]@83I.^p^M6617/r6:5e
Ze6611Y13@q6/YKL6Y/4^^6C6`[EKL6:b;c^
LeQdAC6xp/I/mC7/r6:b;c6_C^p^M83@q66
Ip0 I.rs WCI@1 EKL6e=/[ ?1 ^p^M83Q =1 r
s836xp/Ev96/rI.:s\1:5eZeEv6`6‰KI.
:s\1If/Qxp/6‰61h3^p^M6`[EKL6:b;cE[
b/rI7f/:9^Le6_C6/YKL6Qk3Y8I.@Kf6Eƒ/4Kff/
Z6EuI.^p^M6`[EKL6:b;c6166E/:1:666/
YKL6Y/4^Qs/7f/@8/^/[I=C6_CI]6xp/:b;cI.:s11Y13
m6:/m6M//Q

12.ERDF - Đưa RDF vào Ngôn ngữ biểu cảm Ontology để bổ sung các
phủ định và quy tắc
$1Y1378:3;/<9E.Y8A^s/^6h6_C>?@ABCQ
AV356;ŽZh6`[‚I6011Y13E[Z6Eu66^//rI6`
‚s6;9C=466^//rI6d:OQ%G;c66V35661e•eZ6Eu
eƒIO=.6_CI.Yfe1a6.6G6d:O;9C=4Is/VCreN6je
/AC66eƒIO=.Kd96_CYfe^678.6G^6Qa^66w
@C1‚I66p/e_Eu=166]N66_C?C/1C:…C/Y=?e_
EuKY8h@j/78p/e_Eu=Š=8Y86ƒ/6166]N6
^6C6_C:3;/<
„
=1/[Y\836xC6xp/IO=.E‚uT(P7f/e_Eu
378Ij6‰K66V356;ŽZhQ6Ip]ABCMEu
ST(P6_C66^IO=.SZ?;?;T(PEKL6EuBCKY8IO=.
ABCT(PWQ.GHEa6@/rD66Yl36_C6xp/EKL6
;9C=4Y1/6I.eƒ60eƒIO=.6kYl78@/EM/66.6G
6•66YfeEKL6Z?IZ•61e•eZ6Eu^1066/=u\Q
xp/†=L60C/:3;/<6Y1:?;~1=Y;781e?~1=Y;pVCEj/

;/r=Š=86_C/036c[6Y1:?;~1=Y;786611Y13ST(P6_CM
.6G78M66YfeQ
13.EFGT net: Suy diễn trong không gian - thời gian - vị trí địa lý - chủ
đề - thực thể
46696[Ic67G;cK–;~/7CR??17?—–(C/IY?=
=3:Y?=—  –(=?:;?=  RC^— –o1…/ UC— –W?61; >1=Y;  >C=—  –16C
1YC—EKL6eM@/=1667H@0=4~?@7866Y1j/7H@0^6Q6
p/Y/4^Kn/;•pVC6696[EKL6Ea4Y8Kn
Z34Zh/r=17H@0E_E[e0]0Ed/01a6I.;h
76_C66./;@4=1Q`KY8Ej/;/r61EC;jp/Eƒ3E_
6_C7H@0Q[:b;c]N6p/83=1ZbYl7H@09E.8/
34Y86ƒ/E[;•Y8IƒI61p/96/r@O/6696[
EKL6Ea4=Š=86GN6`CI.66G6LeQ
EFGT netECEKL6e=/[j/Wj/m6/6`Ej/;/r61
‚8/34\e=78166YB796634EiP7u=GEuCYl"78
J
n//Cn//C^Le7f/6696[SQc66_C@sY1j/=4EKL6
@s=G=1I.^p/CE/iKfN6Y8Ij6OQc6YfŒ~Q=QQ
Ej/;/r63[Kf`/66c[Ic6YfŒEuCYl1a6n//C
6‰K7\3Qhj1Ij6OqIIc6EG6†=L6166/rI7cek
Y1j/78Y\e6‡Ic6Q†/Ic6E/^˜I7f/I.Eu;C;3hIp07C/=w
6_C66Ic6\e@81Q.ABC@6GN661pAEu;C
EKL6EKC=CQy/4@0/rj/6_CSP"?6NCQIc6Q.GH
VC=m6_CrsY8:C^/4II.Ic6If/7u=G=1rsek
6heEKL6G1I.6618189E.Q™Cr‚I634EiEuCYl
1a6n//CEKL6EKC7818/^10Q66d6Kd96`[EKL6:b
;cE[]I^/I=17H@078Y\e6‡Ic6ABCQ
F
A./;=466he5mI.6/]MVC6_CSP"
?=1/C/E1j/rC3\e=78166N;c96/<6_C8/

34E[;3r~?@Q.34IŽ6_CSP"61e•e;3r~?@:gEKL6
=]@83=166}=4=C~?@7f/;AY/rABCDSP"?=1
I.Ip/=KnECpAQ
14.Mô tả quy tắc nhập Xcerpt
xp/:g=]@8366V356\eˆ6?=epA=37h>?@Q
6V3568366heIp0^/[rs*\eI.6Kd=]Y8I.^
V0ƒ7f/6_CABC6_C`Q6V3566‰6`[EKL6Z?IKY8I.
]N6=DKL6_CI.^/[:3Y\\1EvEKL6=]@8378Y8
I./C/E1j=17/r66NI/GExE56_C\1Q/[Y\Ev
Z?IZ•I.eƒE^[6_Cˆ6?=e66j66GE`Y86xC6ƒ/0/
V37f/66\A;AY/rKdN7f/6k3C37]E‚u`/678
6xC^p/0/V37f/6†/V356ˆ6?=eQ
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