lý thuyết ngữ pháp và bài tập về thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
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Present perfect continuous
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
have been singing
How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:
Contractions
When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first
auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
Here are some examples:
•
•
• !"#
How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present or
now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:
1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped
recently. There is usually a result now.
$%
!
&%
• $%
'#(
• #
'#(
•
'#(
2. An action continuing up to now
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is
continuing now. This is often used with for or since.
")
!
*%!
• ") '$%# (
• +, '%# (
• #-'%# (
• $, '*#$,# (
For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.
• ",!"%$.$/)#,/0
• ,!!%$+,/1/2
Here are some examples:
• "3
• #45!$
• "#")#,
• %2
• !""%$
• 6,,7
Present perfect continuous
A It has been raining. Xem ví dụ sau:
Is it raining?
No, but the ground is wet.
It has been raining.
Trời mới vừa mưa xong.
Have/has been -ing là thì present perfect continuous.
I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been doing
I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been waiting
I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been playing
etc.
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been doing
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been waiting
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been playing etc.
Ta dùng thì present perfect continuous khi nói về những hành động đã kết thúc gần đây hay
mới vừa kết thúc và kết quả của nó có sự liên hệ hay ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại:
You’re out to breath. Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)
Bạn trông mệt đứt hơi. Bạn vừa mới chạy phải không? (hiện giờ anh ấy như đứt hơi).
Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard. (he's tired now)
Paul rất mệt. Anh ấy vừa mới làm việc rất căng. (bây giờ anh ấy đang mệt).
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
Sao quần áo bạn bẩn thế. Bạn vừa mới làm gì vậy?
I’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that
Mình vừa mới đề cập đến vấn đề của Carol và cô ấy nghĩ là
B It has been raining for two hours. Xét ví dụ sau:
It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.
Trời đang mưa. Trời đã mưa được hai giờ rồi và bây giờ còn đang mưa.
How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for two hours.
Trời đã mưa được hai tiếng đồng hồ.
Chúng ta dùng thì present perfect contiuous cho những trường hợp này, đặc biệt là dùng với
how long, for và since Hành động là vẫn đang xảy ra (như ví dụ trên) hay vừa mới chấm
dứt.
How long have you been learning English? (you're still learning English)
Bạn đã học tiếng Anh được bao lâu rồi? (bạn vẫn đang còn học tiếng Anh)
Tim is watching television. He has been watching television for two hours.
Tim đang xem TV. Anh ấy đã xem TV được hai giờ rồi.
Where have you been? I have been looking for you for the last half hour.
Anh đã ở đâu vậy? Tôi đã tìm anh nửa tiếng đồng hồ rồi.
George hasn’t been feeling well recently.
George vừa mới cảm thấy khỏe gần đây.
Chúng ta có thể dùng thì present perfect continuous để chỉ những hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong
một khoảng thời gian:
Debbie is a very good player tennis. She’s been playing since she was eight.
Debbie là một vận động viên quần vợt rất giỏi. Cô ấy đã chơi quần vợt từ khi lên tám.
Every morning they meet in the same cafô. They’ve been going there for years.
Mỗi sáng họ lại gặp nhau ở cùng một quán cà phê. Họ đã đến quán đó nhiều năm rồi.
C So sánh I am doing (xem UNIT 1) và I have been doing
Don’t disturb me now. I am working .
Đừng quấy rầy tôi bây giờ. Tôi đang làm việc.
I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest.
Tôi đã làm việc nhiều rồi nên bây giờ tôi sẽ đi nghỉ.
We need an umbrella. It’s raining.
Chúng tôi cần một cây dù. Trời đang mưa.
The ground is wet. It’s been raining.
Mặt đất còn ướt. Trời đã mưa.
Hurry up ! We’re waiting.
We’ve been waiting for an hour.
Present perfect continuous and simple
A Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:
Ann’s clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling.
Quần áo của Ann dính toàn sơn. Cô ấy đang sơn trần nhà.
The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. She has painted the ceiling.
Trần nhà trước đây màu trắng. Bây giờ nó màu xanh. Cô ấy đã sơn trần nhà.
Has been painting là thì present perfect continuous (thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn): Ở đây chúng ta
quan tâm đến hành động mà không quan tâm đến hành động đã hoàn tất hay chưa. Ở ví dụ trên, hành
động sơn tường chưa kết thúc.
Has painted là thì present perfect simple (thì hiện tại hoàn thành): Ở thì này, điều quan trọng là sự hoàn
thành của hành động. Has painted là một hành động đã hoàn tất. Chúng ta quan tâm đến kết quả của
hành động chứ không phải bản thân hành động đó.
So sánh các ví dụ sau:
My hands are very dirty. I’ve been repairing the car.
Tay tôi rất bẩn. Tôi đang sửa xe.
The car is OK again. I’ve repaired it.
Chiếc xe giờ lại tốt rồi. Tôi đã sửa nó.
She’s been smoking too much recently. She should smoke less.
Gần đây cô ấy hút thuốc quá nhiều. Cô ấy nên hút ít đi.
Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.
Ai đó đã hút hết thuốc của tôi. Gói thuốc trống rỗng rồi.
It’s nice to meet you again. What have you been doing since we last met?
Rất mừng gặp lại bạn. Bạn đã làm gì từ khi chúng ta gặp nhau lần sau cùng?
Where’s the book I gave you? What have you done with it?
Cuốn sách tôi đã tặng bạn đâu rồi? Bạn đã làm gì với nó?
Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?
Bạn đã ở đâu vậy? Bạn đã chơi quần vợt phải không?
Have you ever played tennis?
Bạn đã từng chơi quần vợt chưa?
Chúng ta dùng thì continuous để hỏi hay nói how long - bao lâu (cho hành động vẫn còn đang xảy ra)
How long have you been reading that book?
Bạn đã đọc cuốn sách đó được bao lâu rồi?
Mary is still writing letters. She’s been writing letters all day.
Mary vẫn đang còn viết thư. Cô ấy đã viết thư cả ngày hôm nay.
They’ve been playing tenis since 2 o’clock.
Họ đã chơi quần vợt từ lúc 2 giờ.
Chúng ta dùng thì simple để hỏi hay nói how much, how many hay how many times (cho những hành
động đã kết thúc)
How many pages of that book have you read?
Bạn đã đọc được bao nhiêu trang của cuốn sách rồi?
Mary has written ten letters today.
Hôm nay Mary đã viết được mười lá thư.
They’ve played tennis three times this week.
Họ đã chơi quần vợt ba lần trong tuần này.
Một số động từ (ví dụ như know/like/believe) không được dùng với thì continuous.
I’ve known about it for a long time. (not "I've been knowing")
Tôi đã được biết về điều đó lâu rồi.
-8-&9-1:
Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1 He (work) in this company since 1985.
) I (wait) for you since two o'clock.
3 Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.
; Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours.
has been w or
. How long (learn / you) English?
0 We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.
5 I (live) without electricity for two weeks.
< The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
+ How long (work / she) in the garden?
1= She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.
Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1 He has been working in this company since 1985.
) I have been waiting for you since two o'clock.
3 Mary has been living in Germany since 1992.
; Why is he so tired? He has been playing tennis for five hours.
. How long have you been learning English?
0 We have been looking for the motorway for more than an hour.
5 I have been living without electricity for two weeks.
< The film has not been running for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
+ How long has she been working in the garden?
1= She has not been in the garden for more than an hour.
-8-&9-):
Put each verb in the correct form.
REMEMBER: have/has + been + -ing
1 I for several hours. (study)
) You for a long time. (dance)
3 He soccer for several years. (play)
; She to this school since 1999. (go)
. They around the world for six weeks. (travel)
Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous gap-fill exercise
1. She (study) English for 5 years.
2. Peter (come) here on holiday every year since
1989.
3. She (teach) our group for two years.
4. How long (you wait) here?
5. It (rain) for over 2 hours.
6. I (write) this report for 5 days.
7. Mr Brown (work) in this office for 2 years.
8. My dog (not eat) properly. I must take him to
the vets.
9. Jane (lie) in the sun for too long.
10. I (try) to stop smoking since 1985
It has been ___ for a week.
snows
snowing
snowed
snow
They ___ been looking for you.
has
have
are
is
She's ___ thinking about changing her job.
was
has
have
been
We've been living here ___ 7 months.
since
to
last
for
Mike's been fishing ___ dawn.
of
through
for
since
Do the exercises below on the present perfect simple and continuous and click on the answer
button to check your answers.
(Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on present perfect simple and continuous)
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1 >!>"
) >!,>-
3 >#>!$
; >>#>
. ?>>$>"
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1 >@>$#,
) >>"
3 $>>
; >>
. >>#>!$
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).
1 A>#,B
) AB ##,
3 A>!B
; A>B $"%$
. A#B %"!$
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).
1 ,#A"B A#B ""
A,B
) , A#,B #%$ !,#
A/B
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1 >!>"!"
) >!,>-!,-
3 >#>!$#C!$
; >>#>#>#
. ?>>$>"?$">?$"
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1 >@>$#,@$#,
) >>""
3 $>>$
; >>
. >>#>!$#C!$
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).
1 A>#,B#,>#,
) AB ##,
3 A>!B!>!
; A>B> $"%$
. A#B# %"!$
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).
1 ,#A"B"C A#B#% "
"A,B,
) , A#,B#, #%$ !
,#A/B
-8-&9-;:
Present Perfect Simple or Continuous
Complete the sentences below with either the simple
or continuous form of present perfect.
1. # ,:
#$, A#B
# A#B
2. 6#%" ,$:
# A#B
3. D! ,$:
#$$ A!B
# A!B
D #.
4. ! ,:
# AB!
5. E$,
A$,B1=C"
A$,B$
6.
AB$
The answers are:
1. have you written
2. have you been writing
3. have you been waiting
4. have you played
5. have you been playing
6. has been playing
7. have you been learning
8. has smoked
9. has been smoking
10. has been
The answers are:
1. I haven't been growing vegetables for a while.
2. You haven't been walking very much lately.
3. She hasn't been coming home early.
4. The clock hasn't been working since last year.
5. Tina hasn't been teaching English all year.
6. They haven't been living in Sydney since 1995.
7. We haven't been going to the new swimming pool.
8. He hasn't been exercising regularly.
9. You haven't been reading much recently.
10. They haven't been meeting in secret.
Present Perfect Continuous - Questions
1. you / study / hard?
2. he / go / to his mother's
very often?
3. how long / we / wait /
here?
4. how long / she / work /
at that school?
5. what / you / do?
6. how long / it / rain?
7. you / cry?
8. they / travel / around
Asia?
9. Lilly / have / a hard
time at work?
10. how long / you /
wash / cars?
The answers are:
1. Have you been studying hard?
2. Has he been going to his mother's very often?
3. How long have we been waiting here?
4. How long has she been working at that school?
5. What have you been doing?
6. How long has it been raining?
7. Have you been crying?
8. Have they been travelling (or traveling) around Asia?
9. Has Lilly been having a hard time at work?
10. How long have you been washing cars?
-8-&9-.:
Now complete the sentences below using the correct form.
• 1BFG!"HIII$$$
7
• )BIIIJ"9"
#
• 3B9!#III#$
"
• ;BD/III"
