CHUYÊN ĐỀ GERUND AND IFNINITIVE

The gerund and the infinitive
CHUYÊN ĐỀ: GERUND AND IFNINITIVE
I. GERUND : Danh dong tu
1.

Chức năng:
 Là chủ ngữ của câu: dancing bored him
 Bổ ngữ của động từ: her hobby is painting
 Là bổ ngữ: seeing is believing
 Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv.
 Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy
2. Một số cách dùng đặc b

iệt:
a. Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ sau :
Admit: thú nhận
Anticipate: trông mong,
mong đợi
Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: tán thành
Consider: xem xét
Delay: hoãn lại
Defer: trì hoãn
Deny: từ chối
Detest: ghét
Dislike: không thích
Dread: sợ
Enjoy: thích thú
Escape: trốn thoát
Excuse: thứ lỗi
Fancy: đam mê

Finish
Forgive: tha thứ
Like: thích
Love: yêu thích
Imagine: tưởng tượng

Involve: dính líu, liên
quan
Keep: giữ, tiếp
Mind: phiền
Miss: lỡ, nhớ
Mention: đề cập
Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi
Prefer
Prevent: ngăn ngừa
Postpone: hoãn lại
Practice: thực hành
Prevent
Propose (= suggest)
Quit: từ bỏ
Recollect: nhớ lại
Resent: căm thù
Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect
Resume: cho rằng
Resist : kháng cự, ngăn
cản
Risk : mạo hiểm
Remember/ forget
Suggest: gợi ý
Stop/ begin/ start

Understand: hiểu
Discuss: thảo luận
Hate: ghét
Ex: - He admitted taking the money.
- Avoid over-eating
- He detests writing letters.
- He didn’t want to risk getting wet.
- I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife.
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi:
Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ
Appreciate thường theo sau bở tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early.
Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money.
You can’t prevent him from spending his own money.
I appreciate your giving me o much of your time./ I appreciate being given this opportunity.

b. Common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ)
carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about…
c. Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau bởi V-ing
1
The gerund and the infinitive
- have fun/ a good time + V-ing : vui vẻ …
- have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:
- have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)
He spends 3 hours studying English every day.

- waste + time/money + V-ing :
- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing : she sat at her desk writing a letter

- stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
- can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được)
I can’t bear hearing his lies
I can’t stand seeing him here
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ích / không có ích) : It’s no use phoning him at this time
- there’s no point in …
- What’s the point of…
- to be busy bận rộn
My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
- to be worth: đáng
This book is worth reading
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
d. go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)
- go fishing đi câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging
- go shopping đi mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing
- go swimming đi bơi go dancing go running ….
- go hiking đi bộ dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening
- go mountain climbing
* Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing:
be excited/ worried about V-ing
complain keep (someone)
dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone) from V-ing
talk stop (someone)
think
apologize believe
blame (someone) be interested in V-ing
forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed

be responsible
thank (someone)

be tired of V-ing in addition
be waste look forward to V-ing
* Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund):
Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì)
Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be familiar with
be / get used to quen /thích nghi với be used

2
The gerund and the infinitive
3. The perfect gerund:
Form: having Vpp
The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một
hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:
Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.
He denied having been there.
4. The passive gerund:
Form: being + past participle (present)
having + been + Vpp (past)
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
II. INFINITIVES: §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ
1. Ch ức năng:
- Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be)

Ex: To save money now seems impossible.
= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)
- Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be):
Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret.
- Làm tân ngữ của động từ:
Ex: He wants to play
- Chỉ mục đích: He learns English to sing English songs.
- Sau một số tính từ:
2 . Bare infinitive ( infinitive without to)
• Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
• Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
* chú ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + Ving (present participle): bắt gặp ai đó đang làm gì
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell , find + O + bare inf. : thấy ai đó đã làm gì
• Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
• Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would, should,
used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did …
• Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitve/ had better
•
3 . To – infinitive:
A. To infinitive sau động từ:
D¹ng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Mét sè ®éng tõ theo sau lµ to infinitive
1.agree: đồng ý 2.aim: nhằm mục đích 3. appear: có vẻ 4.arrange: sắp xếp
3

The gerund and the infinitive
5.ask: yêu cầu 6.attempt: cố gắng 7.bother: phiền 8.care: để ý
9.choose: chọn 10.claim: công bố 11.decide: quyết định 12.demand: yêu cầu
13.determine: định đoạt 14.fail: thất bại 15.guarantee: bảo đảm 16.happen: xảy ra
17. hesitate: do dự 18.hope: hy vọng 19.learn: học 20.manage: xoay xở
21.neglect: lơ đãng 22.offer: đề nghị 23.plan: có kế hoạch 24.prepare:chuẩn bị
25.pretend: giả vờ 26. proceed: tiếp nối 27.promise: 28.prove: chứng tỏ
29.refuse: từ chối 30.resolve: nhất quyết 31.seem: 32.swear: thề
33.tend: có xu hướng 34.threaten: dọa 35.volunteer: tình nguyện
36.vow: dụ dỗ 37.wish 38.want 39.need
40.wait 41. expect 42. intend 43. would like/ would
love 44. beg 45. begin/ start 46. afford : đủ khả năng
47. be willing 48. be able 49. expect 50. intend
51.beg: cầu khẩn 52. prefer
D¹ng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE
- Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) đi sau, rồi mới đến “to infinitive”
Ví dụ:
- She advised me to go to the English Club.
* Một số động từ thường gặp:
+ advise : khuyên + allow: cho phép
+ ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây ra.
+ command : yêu cầu, ra lệnh + encourage: khuyến khích
+ expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm
+ force : buộc + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc
+ need: cần - We need you to help us
+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim
+ tell: bảo. + want: muốn
+ warn : cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở
+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + persuade : thuyết phục

+ request: yêu cầu + show :
+ train : đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ permit: cho phép + remind: nhắc nhở
* NOTES :
+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive
Ex: She doesn’t allow me to smoke in her room
+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund
Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room
D¹ng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund)
Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund ( không khác nghĩa )
- begin bắt đầu - prefer thích hơn - can’t stand
- start bắt đầu - hate ghét - can’t bear
- continue tiếp tục - love yêu thích - intend
- like thích - bother làm phiền
Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh không đổi.
Ví dụ:
- He began to laugh
= He began laughing

Chú ý :
4
The gerund and the infinitive
a) Khụng nờn dựng: Its beginning raining
Nờn núi: It is begining to rain
b) ng t nguyờn mu thng mang ý ngha ca mt mc ớch, mt d tớnh trong tng lai, trong khi
danh ng t mang ý ngha mt kinh nghim sn cú. Cỏch s dng chỳng ụi khi rt tinh t nh sau:
Vớ d
- I like to meet the public
(Tụi thớch gp cụng chỳng Tụi thy nờn gp, cn gp d nh)
- I like meeting the public

(Tụi thớch gp cụng chỳng. Tụi thy vui khi gp v tụi luụn lm th).

Nhúm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund ( khỏc ngha)
remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need , go on
a. NEED
Need to do = it is necessary to do :cần phải làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động)
Need doing = need to be done : cần phải đợc làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)
Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.)
b. STOP
Stop to do = stop in order to do : dừng lại để làm việc gì khác
Stop doing = not to do something any longer : dừng làm việc gì đó (đang làm)
They stopped to look at the pictures.
They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health.
c. REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nh/quờn/tic s phi lm gỡ ( hin ti v tng lai)
- Remember to send this letter (hóy nh gi bc th ny). Dont forget to buy flowers (ng quờn
mua hoa y)
- I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tụi rt tic phi bỏo tin cho anh rng
chuyn tu ó b hy b)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nh/quờn/tic ó lm gỡ ( quỏ kh).
I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2 (tụi nh ó tr cụ y 2 ụ la).
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cụ y khụng bao gi quờn ln gp n hong)
He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life.
d. TRY
Try to do : cố gắng làm
Try doing : thử làm
She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy.
Ive got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didnt help.
e. GO ON:

Go on doing s.th. : tiếp tục làm cùng một việc gì đó.
Go on to do s.th. : làm hay nói việc gì khác
The Minister went on talking for two hours.
We must change our ways. We cant go on living like this.
After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy.
5
The gerund and the infinitive
f. MEAN
Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gì đó
Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa là

B. To infinitive sau một số tính từ:
 Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Ví dụ:
- It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm ra nhà của họ
- It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thì nguy hiểm.
- It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng

Có hai dạng tương đương như sau:

= To infinitive + be + Adjective
Gerund
Ví dụ:
- It’s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị.
= to play football is exciting
= playing football is exciting
 To infinitive sau 1 số tính từ:
Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên),
pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)
 Trong cấu trúc:

* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink.
This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
*S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi.
Ex: He is old enough to get married.
He’s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.
* so + adjective + as + infinitive
Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
*It + cost/ take + O + to infinitive…
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle.
C . Sau một số từ để hỏi:
Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn,
remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ex : He discovered how to open the safe.
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
She couldn’t think what to say
I showed her which button to press.
6
The gerund and the infinitive
She wondered whether to write or phone.
D . Chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
E . Noun + to infinitive ( replace a relative clause)
Ex: 1. I have many things which I must do/ to do
2. She is always the last to go/ who goes

F . S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V
(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere,
everything, everybody, everywhere)
Ex: Is there anywhere to go?
He has got nothing to eat
G. Sau một số cụm từ sau:
- be about :định, sẽ
- be able : có thể
- do one’s best : cố gắng
- make an/ every effort: nỗ lực
- make up one’s mind: quyết định
- can’t afford
Ex: He is just about to leave
We can’t afford to live in the centre
H. Thay cho một mệnh đề quan hệ:
- Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second , the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng
sau so sánh hơn nhất
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way.
4. The perfect infinitive:
+ Form: to have + Vpp
+ Use:
- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiệnđược
Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn’t)
- Dùng sau ưould/ should like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện
Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)
- Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say,
suppose, think, understand…
III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:

+ Passive gerund: being + past participle
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle
Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party.
He refused to be taken to hospital.
She doesn’t want to be asked personal questions
7
The gerund and the infinitive
→
Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động
EXERCISES:
1. Supply an appropriate form, gerund or infinitive, of the verb in parentheses.
1. Keep (talk) I’m listening to you.
2. The children promised (play) more quietly. They promised (make,
not) so much noise.
3. Linda offered (look after) my cat while I was out of town.
4. You shouldn’t put off (pay) your bills.
5. Alex’s dog loves (chase) sticks.
6. Mark mentioned (go) to the market later today. I wonderif he’s still
planning (go)
7. Fred suggested (go) (ski) in the mountain this weekend. How
does that sound to you?
8. The doctor offered Mr. Gray (smoke, not)
9. Don’t tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not)
10. Could you please stop (whistle) ? I’m trying
(concentrate) on my work.
11. She finally decided (quit) her present job and (look for)
another one.

12. Did you remember (turn) off the stove?
13. Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa.
14. Pat told us (wait not) for her.
15. Mr. Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches.
16. Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow?
17. Liz encouraged me (throw) away my old running shoes and
(buy) a new pair without holes in the toes.
18. I’m considering (drop out of) school, (hichkike) to New
York, and (try) (find) a job.
19. Sally reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember)
(bring) his soccer ball to the picnic.
20. Don’t forget (tell) Jane (call) me about
(go) (swim) tomorrow.
21. He’s expecting (make) a trip to Ha Long bay.
22. She couldn’t bear (shed) tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”.
23. His wife can’t stand him (arrive) home so late every night.
24. I very much enjoy (listen) to classical music.
25. Would you mind (buy) me a newspaper?
26. Would you like (have) the next dance with me?
27. Do you hate (be) criticized or are you ready for any criticism?
28. I hate him (make) friend with those guys.
29. Does the city government intend (do) anything about pollution?
30. They finished (learn) and then they want (go) out for a pleasure.
31. I hope (not do) that tiring work again.
32. They postponed (build) an elementary school for lack of finance.
33. It’s no use (advise) him. He never follows anybody’s advice.
34. His idea is worth (listen) to.
35. He always avoids (meet) me on the street.
36. He denies (give) me any advices but didn’t tell me why.
37. I missed (talk) to the president when he paid a visit to my small town.

38. She decided (delay) (give) birth. She wanted (continue)
her university education.
39. We hope (finish) (make) the report very soon.
8
The gerund and the infinitive
40. The man has promised (offer) me a job.
II. Complete the following sentences using “ bare infinitive” or “ to infinitive”
1. He made me (do) it all over again.
2 . She can (sing) quite well.
3. He will be able (swim) very soon.
4. I used (live) in a caravan.
5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow.
7. I want (see) the house where our president was born.
8. He made her (repeat) the message.
9. May I (use) your phone?
10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't
had better (show) him.
11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once.
12. I couldn't (remember) his address.
13. You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older.
14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.
16. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day.
17. Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
18. He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch.
19. They refused (accept) the bribe.
20. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.
21. He made us (wait) for hours.
22. Could you (tell) me the time, please?
23. We must (send) him a telegram.

24. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife.
25. Where would you like (have) lunch?
26. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take)
him with you.
27. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go) .
28. We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum.
29. You seem (know) this area very well. ~Yes, I used (live) here.
30. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police.
31. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink)
32. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have)
any more money till the end of the month.
33. It is easy (be) wise after the event.
34. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
35. If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up.
36. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
37. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like
(speak) to his secretary'
38. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he
doesn't had better (show) him.
39. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
40. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
41. Would you like (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks. I'd rather (walk).
42. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) t
under your bed in an old stocking.
43. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the
safe.
44. If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something?
9
The gerund and the infinitive
45. It's better (be) sure than sorry.

46. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
47. That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ; let me (help) you.
48. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.
49. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes
(let) us out.
50. He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.
51. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy
(check) your story.
52. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go) . ~ He must
(be) a very old man.
53. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look)
more stupid than you are?
54. I have a lot of homework ( do) tonight, so I cannot go out with you.
55. it is really interesting ( read) these books.
56. He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) with.
57. He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) a new house.
58. His explanations were difficult ( understand)
59. I felt something (bite) my finger.
60. I will let you ( borrow) my car as long as you promise ( be) careful.
61. They decided ( not/ go) to the park as it was raining hard
62. The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) swimming.
63. I was too tired ( do) any more work.
64. As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) away from home.
65. I want you ( tell) me the whole truth.
66. We had nothing ( do) except looking at the cinema posters
III. Correct the verbs form. ( Passive Infintive and Gerund)
1. The rest of the money ………… ( send) to his parents.
2. He was always insisted on his ……… (call) Dr.Tuner instead of Mr. Turner.
3. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule…… ……( break)
4. The bird was lucky that it just missed……… … (catch)

5. Please excuse my ……… (come) in without…… ……( invite).
6. No one can prevent the plan … ……… (carry out)
7. This page needs … …… ( check) again.
8. When he heard the bad news, he stood there…… …. (surprise)
9. The hotel ……… …( build) now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.
10. “Do you have any clothes… ………. ( wash) today?” the maid said.
11. Anne hope ……… …( invite) to join the private club. She could make important business
contact there.
12. People like……… … ( congratulate) when they have worked hard.
IV. Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare Infinitive
above)
1. The mechanic serviced my car last week.
I had the mechanic
2. I felt nervous when I traveled by air.
Travelling by air made
3. He could not afford to buy the car.
The car was too expensive
4. I advised you to put your money in the bank.
You had better
5. There is no need for you to talk so loudly
10
The gerund and the infinitive
You don’t have
6. “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom
The teacher made Tom
7. The house shook violently and all of us felt that
All of us felt the house
8. We can’t possibly work in this noise
It’s impossible
9. Mr. Puncher doesn’t allow his children to go out in the evening

Mr. Puncher doesn’t let
10. Contacting her at work in usually quite easy.
It’s quite easy
11. “Mr. John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said.
Tom said that he saw
12. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.
I saw Jimmy
13. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready.
The papers are
14. Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink.
Harry’s parents didn’t let
15. I think that you should make a decision soon.
I want
16. They talked in the next room.
I heard
17. The customs officer told him to open his briefcase.
The custom officer made
18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it.
I felt
19 You can use my car if you want to.
I will let
20 My father said I could use his car.
My father allowed
21 I was surprised that it rained
It didn’t expect
22 He looks older when he wears glasses.
Wearing glasses made
23 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police.
My lawyer advised
24 If you have a car you are able to go places more easily.

Having a car enables
25 Don’t let me forget to call my sister.
Please remind
26 I think he should leave early.
I want
27 He said he would pick me up.
He promised
28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes”
Peter and Mary decided
29 Tom : “ Please help me” - Susan: “ OK”
Susan agreed
30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said.
Sue promised
31. “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man.
Sue refused
11
The gerund and the infinitive
32. If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him any money.
I advised
V. Choose the correct option :
1. Peter said that he saw Mary that beautiful vase
a. break b. breaking c. break d. broke
2. The police them get out of the car.
a. caused b. made c. asked d. ordered
3. I heard someone outside
a. fell b. fall c. to fall d. fell
4. He was made by the custom officer
a. to open to suitcase b. opening the suitcase c. open the suitcase d. opened the suitcase
5. Bill’s wife doesn’t let him go to the party.
a. go b. to go c. to have gone d. went

6. Larry finally to quit the job.
a. admitted b. decided c. must d. thought
7. You will never know why Jane refused the job.
a. getting b. get c. to get d. to be got
8. Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a. permit b. allow c. let d. advise
9. I am very pleased you again
a. see b. to see c. to seeing d. be seeing
10. There are two important things in your mind.
a. bearing b. to bear c. bear d. born
11. I saw your son the road by himself.
a. to cross b. crossing c. cross d. crossed
12. Carl staying one more night in the village.
a. agrees b. hopes c. plans d. suggest
13. I can’t go with you all. I have a lot of homework now
a. to do b. doing c. do d. be done
14. It was very kind of you me.
a. helping b. to help c. help d. helped
15. He saw them home late
a. arrive b. to arrive c. arrived d. be arriving
16. Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones
a. repair b. to repair c. repairing d. repaired
17. It is possible to train across Canada.
a. take b. to take c. taking d. to be taken
18. Before we leave, let’s have Shelley a map for us so we won’t get lost.
a. draw b. to draw c. drawing d. drawn
19. I can hear a cat at the window.
a. scratches b. to scratch c. scratching d. was scratching
20. I think you mother should let you your own mind.
a. make up b. to make up c. making up d. made up

21. Do you know what made so many people their home?
a. evacuate b. to evacuate c. evacuated d. be evacuated
22. bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast.
a. Make b. To make c. Making d. Made
23 I was delighted my old friends again.
a. to see b. seeing c. saw d. be seen
24 We saw our favourite ballet at the theater last night.
a. perform b. performing c. to perform d. in performing
25 I would rather to Elvis than The Beatles
12
The gerund and the infinitive
a. listen b. to listen c. listening d. be listened
26 Can you manage the work by yourself?
a. finish b. to finish c. finishing d. finished
27 She doesn’t allow in her room
a. smoked b. to smoke c. smoking d. smoked
28 We just didn’t allow them the military zone.
a. entering b. to enter c. enter d. entered
29 They are planning a flyover at this crossroads
a. building b. to build c. build d. built
30 I am sorry. I’ve arranged to Susie’s birthday this Saturday
a. go b. to go c. going d. be gone
31 The lifeguard warned all of us too far from the shore.
a. to not swim b. not to swim c. don’t swim d. not swim
33 These tables were too heavy
a. to move for us b. for us to move c. for us moving d.
moving for us
34 Please tell me how to the post office from here.
a. getting b. to get c. get d. have got
35 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?

a. let b. permit c. allow d. want
36 I have little time
a. relax b. to relax c. relaxing d. relaxed
37 I am pleased you again
a. seeing b. to see c. see d. being seen
VI. Choose the correct option :
1.It was Mrs Kent who suggested Mary………….abroad.
A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied
2. You don’t expect me……….that you actually met John, do you?
A.believe B.believed C.to believe D.believing
3.The board of dircector discuss the project, then went on…………another topic.
A.to discuss B.discuss C.discussing D.discussed
4.Why continue ………… there if you don’t like your job?
A.to work B.working C.worked D.both A and B
5.He regrets not……… to see his grandparents in Paris.
A.to go B.went C.gone D.going
6.Its worth …………at Co.op Marts as its very cheap.
A.shopping B.to shop C.shop D.shopped
7.My doctor doesn’t permit me……… red meat.
A.to eat B.eating C.ate D.eat
8.I was driving home when I noticed some workers………. up new traffic lights on Lenin Street.
A.put B.to put C.putting D.to putting
9.Anyone can……….used to………a life of luxury.
A.get/ live B.to get/ living C.to get/ to live D.get/ living
10.If you decide…………your car, let me…………
A.sell/ know B.selling/ to know C.to sell/ to know D.to sell/ know
11.I would like you………the plants for me at the weekend.
A.to water B.water C.watering D.watered
12 .I clearly…………… my alarm clock before……………to bed last night.
A.setting/ went B.setting/ going C.to set/ going D.to set/ to go

13.I promised………….John go out but I don’t feel like……….now.
A.take/ going B.to take/ to go C. to take/ going D.take/ go
14.It would be good for children……….outdoors more often.
13
The gerund and the infinitive
A.play B.playing C.played D.to play
15.These plants require……………every day.
A.water B.to water C.watering D.watered
16.He is expecting a trip to Ha Long Bay.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
17.Students stopped noise when the teacher came in.
A.make B. to make C. making D.made
18.She couldn’t bear tears when she saw the film “ Romeo and Juliet”.
A. shed B. to shed C. shedding D. sheds
19.Ann likes but she hates up.
A.cook/ washing B.to cook/ wash
C. cooking/ washed D. cooking/ washing
20.I enjoy to classical music.
A. listening B. to listen C. listens D. listen
21.I really regret your feeling when I asked you such a silly question.
A. hurt B. to hurt C. hurting D. hurts
22.He’ll try the same mistake again.
A. not make B. to not make C. not making D. not to make
23.Would you mind me a newspaper?
A.buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
24.Would you like the next dance with me?
A.to have B. having C. has D. had
25.I hate him friends with those guys.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
26.Did you remember Ann? – Oh, no. I completely forgot it.

A. phone B. to phone C. phoning D. phoned
27.Does the city government intend anything about pollution?
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
28.Those shirts need but you needn’t them now.
A. iron/ iron B. to iron/ to iron C. ironing/ iron D. ironed/ to iron
29.They finished and then they wanted out for pleasure.
A. learn/ to go B. to learn/ go C. learnt/ goes D. learning/ to go
30.When you see Tom, remember him my regards.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. given
31.I hope that tiring work again.
A. not do B. not to do C. not doing D. to not do
32.They postpone an Element School for the lack of finance.
A. built B. to build C. building D. builds
33.It’s no use him. He never allows anybody advice.
A. advise/ give B. to advise/ to give C. advising/ givingD. advising/ to give
34.Are his ideas worth to?
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened
35.He always avoids me in the streets.
A. meet B. to meet C. met D. meeting
36.My parents decided a taxi because it was late.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
37.Do you agree me some money?
A. lend B. to lend C. lending D. lent
38. Tom refuses his address.
A. give B. giving C. to give D. gave
39. The passengers asked her how to the police station?
A. to get B. getting C. got D. get
40.My friends arranged to the airport in time.
14
The gerund and the infinitive

A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
41.Do you plan out or at home at this weekend?
A. go/ stay B. to go/ stay C. going/ stay D. to go/ staying
42. I dislike in line So do I. That’s why I prefer at night when there are fewer
people.
A. wait/ shop B. to wait/ shopping C. waiting/ shoppingD. waiting/ to shop
43.He continued after his illness.
A. worked B. to work C. to working D. working
44. My watch’s hands keeps
A. stopping B. to stop C. stopped D.stop
45.Have you ever watched people fish?
A. try/ catch B. to try/ catching C. trying/ to catch D. tried/ caught
46 My grandfather is used to up early in the morning.
A. getting B. to get C. get D. got
47. Don’t forget her message when you see her.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave
48.I can’t help his opinions.
A. consider B. to consider C. considering D. considered
49.You should try any shirts you want to buy.
A. wear B. to wear C. wearing D. wears
50.He used to fall asleep without his shoes off.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
51.I stopped about her illness and went on you about all her other problems.
A. to talk/ telling B.to talk/ to tell C. talking/ telling D. talk/ tell
52.I’d love coat like that.
A. have B. to have C. having D. has
53.I intend her what I think.
A. tell B. to tell C.telling D. told
54.Every hour I stop a little rest.
A.working/ to have B. to work/ to have C. working/ having D. to work/ having

55.You should give up right now if you want longer.
A. smoke/ lived B. to smoke/ living C.smoking/ to live D. smoked/ live
56.Students stopped noise when the teacher came in.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
57.When you see her, don’t forget her my postcards.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. given
58.Don’t forget her the message when you see him.
A. give B. to give C. giving D. gave
59.He spends hours to repair his car.
A. try B. to try C. trying D. tries
60. I remember you somewhere last month.
A. met B. to meet C. meet D. meeting
61. Can you Chinese?
A) speak B) to speak C) speaking D) spoke
62. My parents decided a taxi because it was late.
A) take B) to take C) taking D) took
63. We enjoy here and all your news.
A) be/ hear B) to be/ to hear C) being/ hear D) is/ hearing
64. Ask your friends about your homework. He would be able you.
A) help B) helped C) helping D) to help
65. Please try quiet when you come home.
A) be B) to be C) being D) been
66. I don’t like anybody at me.
15
The gerund and the infinitive
A) shout B) to shout C) shouting D) B & C are right
67. Do you agree me a hand?
A) give B) to give C) giving D) given
68. Would you like to the cinema with us tomorrow evening?
A) to come B) come C) coming D) came

69. Pupils started the lesson yesterday.
A) write B) to write C) writing D) written
70. I like school by bus, but I hate in the rain and wait for it.
A) go/ to stand B) to go/ stand C) going/ standing D) went/ stood
71. Does your sister like ?
A) cooks B) cooking C) to be cooked D) being cooked
72. This girl can’t bear alone.
A) am B) to be C) being D) been
73. My uncle has given up
A) to smoke B) smoke C) smokes D) smoking
74. Do you mind to John ask him us?
A) speaking/ to help B) to speak/ help C) speak/ help D) speaks/ to help
75. I’ll begin this novel later.
A) read B) to reading C) reading D) to read
76. Please stop me in the middle of the sentence.
A) interrupt B) to interrupt C) interrupting D) interrupts
77. My brother gave up two years ago.
A) smokes B) smoke C) to smoke D) smoking
78. We arranged the scientists here.
A) met B) to meet C) meeting D) meet
79. I wish the principal at my school.
A) see B) to see C) seeing D) saw
80. My girl friend is afraid of out alone when it gets dark.
A) goes B) to go C) going D) go
81. He continues after his illness. But now, he is having stomachache.
A) working B) to work C) worked D) works
82. I’d like there my girlfriend’s parents.
A) go/ see B) to go/ to see C) going/ seeing D) goes/ seen
83. Would you like to the party with us?
A) come B) to come C) coming D) came

84. I was very tired. I tried my eyes open, but I couldn’t.
A) keep B) kept C) keeping D) to keep
85. I want a pair of shoes in this shop, but I need to try them.
A) buy/ to wear B) to buy/ to wear C) buying/ wearing D) to buy/ wearing
86. We have to go this morning.
A) shopping B) shopped C) being shopped D) to be shopped
87. He spent hours trying the clock.
A) repair B) to repair C) repairing D) repairs
88. It’s no use for her arrival.
A) wait B) to wait C) waiting D) waits
89. Is there anything worth here?
A) buy B) to buy C) buys D) buying
90. The biologist doesn’t allow us in the laboratory.
A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) smoked
91. Would you mind your address on the back of this check?
A) write B) to write C) writing D) written
92. I don’t enjoy to the dentist’s.
A) go B) to go C) going D) goes
16
The gerund and the infinitive
93. I don’t regret her what I thought even if it upset her.
A) to tell B) told C) tell D) telling
94. Remember Katie my greeting card when you see him.
A) give B) to give C) giving D) gave
95. My friends has given up and prefers pork.
A) drink/ eat B) to drink/ eating C) drinking/ eating D) drank/ eat
96. I had to ask the boys billiards all the day.
A) to stop/ playing B) to stop/ to play C) stopping/ playing D) stops/ to play
97. My teacher promised me for my next examination.
A) help/ prepare B) to help/ prepare C) helping/ to prepare D) helped/ preparing

98. I would like him more English lessons.
A) to start/ take B) to start/ taking C) starting/ take D) starting/ taking
99. I hate aloud without the new words.
A) practise/ reading/ learn B) to practise/ to read/ to learn
C) practising/ reading/ learning D) practises/ reading/ to learn
100. She doesn’t want you to her arriving.
A) mention B) to mention C) mentioning D) mentions
101. Did you manage these parcels alone?
A) finishing/ to pack B) finishing/ packing C) to finish/ to pack D) to finish/ packing
102. Have you ever watched people fish?
A) try/ catch B) try/ to catch C) trying/ to catch D) B&C are correct
103. Can someone me how into film from the camera’s pictures?
A) show/ change B) to show/ to change C) showing/ change D) show/ to change
104. I’ll try such a foolish thing again.
A) not to cause B) to not cause C) not causing D) to cause not
105. Susan has decided her friends as she pleases.
A) allow/ do B) to decide/ to do C) deciding/ do D) deciding/ doing
106. Everybody would like to a higher position.
A) promote B) promotes C) promoting D) to promote
107. He climbed over the wall without by anybody.
A) seeing B) to see C) being seen D) to be seen
108. I remember a toy car on my fifth birthday.
A) to be given B) being given C) to give D) giving
109. They always try the bridge as they promised before.
A) to postpone/ to build B) postpone/ build
C) to postpone/ building D) postponing/ built
110. I can’t help for her acceptance.
A) to wait B) waiting C) wait D) waited
111. Don’t be afraid of that animal.
A) touch B) touches C) touching D) to touch

112. I am accustomed to on my own.
A) living B) to live C) live D) lives
113. They are looking forward to your news.
A) hear B) to hear C) hearing D) heard
114. American women have got used to independently recently.
A) live B) to live C) living D) lives
115. We won’t let you what we are going to do with him.
A) know B) to know C) knowing D) known
VII. Make complete sentences:
1. It/ exciting/ hear/ he has won/ gold medal.
2. It/ frightening/ know/ he/ a criminal.
3. It/ hard/ believe/ some parents maltreat/ children.
17
The gerund and the infinitive
4. It/ fascinating/ see/ a spider spin/ wed.
5. It/ encouraging/ see/ more/ more young people are going/ university.
6. It/ hard/ me/ breathe through my nose.
7. It/ easy/ him/ translate this text/ English.
8. It/ difficult/ them/ understand this lesson.
9. It/ interesting/ them/ play/ guitar.
10. It/ good/ children/ take exercise.
11. The patient/ feel/ well/ enough/ eat/ some soup.
12. Joseph/ feel/ strong/ enough/ walk around/ room.
13. John/ patient/ enough/ keep/ searching/ a cure.
14. The doctor/ warn/ them/ not/ let/ spray/ touch/ food.
15. The patient’s wife/ advise/ him/ not/ change/ his mind.
16. They/ warn/ us/ not/ sleep/ without mosquito nets.
17. The nurse/ tell/ patient/ not/ be afraid.
18. Pasteur/ too/ courageous/ let/ criticism/ stop/ him.
19. Bacteria/ too/ tiny/ be/ seen/ the naked eye.

20. The injections/ too weak/ kill/ bacteria.
21. The nurse/ kind enough/ help him walk.
22. John/ patient enough/ keep searching/ a cure.
23. The patient/ too sick/ eat dinner.
24. Teaching English/ hard work.
25. Our teacher/ tell/ us/ practice/ English.
26. His uncle/ advise/ him/ study/ hard.
27. His friend/ persuade/ him/ stay out late.
28. He/ had better/ stay up/ late.
29.
VIII. Rewrite the following sentences using given words:
1. Remember to check your flight number.
→Don’t
2. Remember to send this letter for me.
→Don’t
3. Remember to check for spelling mistakes before you hand in your composition.
→Don’t
(S) + remember + to do something = (S) + don’t forget + to do something
4. I accomplished this task in 3 months.
→ It took
5. Jane spends 3 hours a week sorting out stamps.
→ sorting out stamps
6. She wrote the letter in 30 minutes.
→ It took
7. John finished his essay in two hours.
→ It took
S + V + time = It takes/ took + (O) + time + to infinitive
8. This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike.
→ This iron bar is so
9. The news is too good to be true.

→ The news is so
10. He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.
→ He spoke so
11. This tea is too hot for him to drink.
→ This tea is so
18
The gerund and the infinitive
12. The cake was too hard for me to eat.
→ The cake was so
S + V/ BE + TOO ADV/ ADJ + TO INFINITIVE
= S + V/ BE + SO ADV/ ADJ + THAT + S + CAN’T V
13. The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it.
→ The water was not
14. Mark is too young to see the horror film.
→ Hark is not
15. He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.
→ He acted well enough
16. She isn’t very intelligent so she can’t do that exercise.
→ She isn’t intelligent enough
17. The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country.
→ The paper mill is large enough
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
S + be + too + adj + to infinitve
= S + be+ adj + enough + to infinitive
S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = S + V + adv + enough + to infinitive
18. The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it.
→ The water was not
19. Mark is too young to see the horror film.
→ Mark is not
20. He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.

→ He acted so well enough
21. She isn’t very intelligent so she can’t do that exercises.
→ She isn’t intelligent enough
22. The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country.
→ The paper mill is large enough
S (to infinitive/ gerund) + be + Adj ↔ It + be + Adj + to infinitive
23. To see a new film is exciting.
→ It’s
24. To speak French is easier than to speak English.
→ It is
25. Finding a flat in Hanoi isn’t easy.
→It is
26. To sort out stamps is interesting.
→ It is
S + be + too + adj + to infinitive ↔ S + be + so + adj+ that + S + can’t + V
27. It was too hazy a day for us to take any pictures.
→ The days was
28. The price is too high for me to buy it.
→ The price is
29. The Saigon river is to shallow to be used for navigation.
→ The Saigon river
30. This mountain is too steep for us to climb.
→ This mountain
31. The Red river is too wide for us to swim across.
→ The Red river
19