Phát huy vai trò của cộng đồng tri thức người Việt ở Đông Âu trong bối cảnh mới

PHRT
HUV
Vni
TRO CUR CONG DONG TRI THI/C NGITDI VICT O DONG RU
TRONG BOI CANH
IVIOI
Cac nudc Ddng Au nhu Ba Lan, Cdng
hda Sec (Tiep Khac trudc day) va Hungary da
chinh thirc thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vdi
Viet Nam tir dau nhiing nam 50 cua the ky
XX. Trong sudt thdi ky dau tranh gianh ddc
lap,
Viet Nam da dugc Lien Xd va cac nudc
XHCN Ddng Au giup da ve mgi mat de xay
dyng va bao ve CNXH d mien Bac, dau tranh
giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nudc.
Ciing trong thdi gian nay nhieu bgc sinh, sinh
vien, thyc tap sinh, nghien
eiiu
sinh va can bd
Viet Nam dugc cir sang cac nudc nay bgc tap,
nghien
ciiu
va lam viec.
Vao dau nhung nam 80
ciia
the ky XX,
ngoai cac can bd, sinh vien sang edng tac va
hoc tap cdn cd sd lugng ldn lao ddng tre Viet
Nam dugc dua sang lam viec theo Hiep dinh
Hgp tac Lao ddng dugc ky ket giiia Viet

Nam vdi cac nudc: Lien Xd, Cdng hda Dan
chu Dire, Tiep Khac, Bungaria. Theo cac
hiep dinh, da cd ban 240 nghin lao ddng Viet
Nam dugc dua sang lam viec d cac nudc
nay: 80 nghin d Lien Xd, 60 nghin d Cdng
hda Dan chu Dire, 24 rtghin d Bungaria, 14
nghin d Tiep Khac. Vdi Ba Lan va Hungary,
tuy khdng ky Hiep dinh Lao ddng cap Nha
nudc vdi Viet Nam, nhung van cd mdt sd lao
ddng dugc dua sang lam viee thdng qua con
TS.
Nguyen An Ha
Vien Nghien
ciiu
Chdu Au
dudng ky ket hgp ddng tryc tiep giiia cac xi
nghiep hai ben.
Vao cudi nhiing nam 80, khi che do
XHCN d cac nudc Ddng Au tan ra, vi nhieu
ly do khac nhau, ca khach quan lan chu quan,
mdt sd can bd, bgc sinh, sinh vien va dac biet
la nhiing ngudi lao ddng da d lai de lam an
sinh sdng. Ciing trong thdi gian nay xuat
hien viec di cu hgp phap va bat hgp phap
ddng ngudi tir Lien Xd (cii) va cac nudc
khac sang, rdi sau dd la hien tugng nhieu
ngudi
di
du lich, tham than nhan d lai lam
an. Tat ca cac ngudn dd da tao nen cdng

ddng ngudi Viet Nam kha ddng dao d cac
nudc Ddng Au. Cd the ndi cdng ddng ngudi
Viet Nam tai mdt sd nudc Ddng Au
chii
yeu
dugc hinh thanh d thdi ky nay.
Nhu vay, thdi gian binh thanh va phat
trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d cac nudc
Ddng Au dien ra chua lau,
chii yiu
la vao
cudi nhirng
nam
80 diu nhiing nam 90
ciia
the ky XX. Tuy nhien, cdng dong nay ngay
nay dang tirng budc dn dinh, hda, nhap vao
ddi sdng va cd ddng gdp nhit dinh ddi vdi
nudc sd tai ciing nhu cho que huang, dit
nudc trong phat triln kinh tl - xa bdi. Nhirng
tri thiie
-
doanh nhan Viet Nam, thudc
nhiing the be diu tien d lai sinh sdng, lam an,
'jyitdt
hug oai
ti'd^.
17
kinh doanh, ddng vai trd rat quan trgng trong
qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cdng ddng

ngudi Viet tai nhirng nudc nay. Cung chinh
hg la cau ndi giiia cdng ddng ngudi Viet vdi
trong nudc, gdp phan thuc day quan he hgp
tac toan dien
giii'a
Viet Nam vdi cae nudc
nay.
Trong nhirng nam dau the ky 21, tinh
hinh kinh te - ehinh tri - xa hdi
ciia
cac nudc
Ddng Au cd nhiing bien chuyen sau sac.
Viec cac nudc Ba Lan, Sec, Hungary da
chinh thiic gia nhap Lien minh Chau Au vao
nam 2004 da tae ddng rat ldn tdi ddi sdng
ciia
cgng ddng ngudi Viet d cac nudc nay.
Trong giai doan hien nay, khi Viet Nam dang
tich eye hdi nhap the gidi va khu vyc, phat
huy
siic
manh dan tdc va sire manh thdi dai,
day manh cdng nghiep hda va hien dai hda,
xay dyng mdt nudc Viet Nam giau manh,
dan chil, cdng bang va van minh, viee phat
huy vai trd
ciia
ddi ngii tri thiic Viet kieu ndi
chung, tri
thii'c

ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ndi
rieng nham gdp phan eiing cd, phat trien
cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai va ddng
gdp cho cdng eude ddi mdi d trong nudc la
rat can thiet. Dac biet, trong bdi canh hien
nay.
Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam diy
marib
viec xay dyng khdi dai doan ket dan tdc,
trong dd cd chinh sach dai ngg, thu
hiit
va
bao ve Viet kieu trong viec xay dyng va phat
trien dat nudc.
I. Mot so dac diem cua cong dong
ngiroi Viet va doi ngii
tri
thirc Viet Nam
a
Dong Au
Thii-
nhdt: Cdng ddng ngudi Viet d
Ddng Au binh thanh each day khoang 50
nam, ban dau la nhiing tri thirc dugc nha
nudc cir sang Ddng Au bgc tap, lao ddng da
d lai vi nhieu ly do khae nhau. Tir nhirng
nam 1990, bang nhieu con dudng nhap cu
khac nhau, cdng ddng nay da phat trien
nhanh chdng ve sd lugng. Hien nay rat khd
cd the danh gia chinh xac cd bao nhieu ngudi

Viet Nam dinh cu d cac nudc Ddng Au.
Theo sd lieu thdng ke mdi nhat, con sd ngudi
Viet cu
trii
hgp phap tai Ba Lan bao gdm cu
tru vTnh vien, cu
trii
dai ban va cu tru cd thdi
ban den nam 2006 la 6.756 ngudi; sang nam
2007 cdn 6.379 ngudi; den bet thang 6 nam
2008 con sd chfnh thiic la
5.849
ngudi.
Trong tdng sd 64.314 ngudi nudc ngoai cu
trii
hgp phap d Ba Lan, cdng ddng ngudi
Viet dung
thii
3, sau ngudi Ueraina vdi
19.518 ngudi va ngudi Nga cd 7.362 ngudi,
trong dd sd giay phep cu tru vTnh vien cho
ngudi Viet la
410
trudng hgp, cu
trii
dai ban
la
117
trudng hgp va cu
trii

cd thdi ban la
4.443 trudng hgp'. Tuy nhien vin cd sy
chenh lech ldn giira cac con sd ma cac ca
quan quan ly di
trii
dua ra vdi con sd thyc tl.
Theo sd lieu ma doan edng tac khao sat tai
Ba Lan thang
11
nam 2009, cdng ddng ngudi
Viet d Ba Lan udc chimg cd tir 30 - 40
nghin ngudi. Cdn theo sd lieu thdng ke
ciia
Sec,
din
ngay
31
thang 12 nam 2008, so
ngudi Viet Nam d Sec len tdi 60.258 ngudi,
chi diing sau ngudi Slovakia (76.034
ngudi).
So
lieu
thong ke cua Ba Lan nam 2008.
18
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6
(117).2010
tiep den la ngudi Nga:
27.176
ngudi va Ba

Lan:
21.710
ngudi. Hay theo thdng ke
ciia
Bd Cdng thuang Sec, cd 77.158 doanh
nghiep nudc ngoai va 84.488 ngudi kinh
doanh dang ki. Trong dd, sd dang ky doanh
nghiep nhieu nhat la Viet Nam vdi 32.139
ngudi;
thu'
hai la
Ueraina
vdi 21.2213 ngudi;
thir ba la Slovakia vdi 9.255
ngudi^.
Tai lieu
dieu tra chfnh thuc
ciia
Cyc Di
trii
Hungary
cdng bd: sd lugng ngudi Viet tai Hung trong
8 nam tir 2001 den 2008 tuang irng la
2.893/2.243/2.055/2.368/2.521/3.146/3.095/
3.045 ngudi. Dd la con sd chinh thuc dugc
thdng ke qua hd sa cua ca quan chirc nang
Hungary. Nhin chung, tuyet dai da sd ba con
da cd giay td dinh cu hgp
phap^.
Tdm lai, khd cd the dua ra con sd chinh

xac ve cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc
Ddng Au. Con sd udc tfnh d ba nudc Ba
Lan, Sec va Hungary cd khoang hon 100
nghin ngudi, trong dd Ba Lan tir 30 - 40
nghin.
Sec ban 60 nghin, Hungary gan 5
nghin ngudi.
Thir hai: Tinh trang phap ly cua cdng
ddng ngudi Viet ciing rat khac biet giiia cac
nudc.
Ty le cu
trii
bit hgp phap cao nhit la d
Ba Lan (chi khoang 6-7 ngan ngudi tren tdng
sd 30 - 40 ngan ngudi, hay khoang 20%) dinh
cu hgp phap) tiep do la Sec va Hungary.
"
Status Report on Migration in the Sec Republic,
2008,
Bo
Noi
vu
Sec.
So nguoi da
dugc
Bo Noi vu Hungary
cSp
3 loai
giay to gom 3 mau bia
i<hac nhau:"Tiie

Vang", "The
Xanh" va "The Nau", ho chieu hoac
quic
tjch
Hungary.
Trong giai doan hien nay, Cdng ddng nay
tiep tye phat trien. Trong sd nhirng ngirdi
Viet nhap cu vao Ddng Au nhirng nam gan
day, cd bd phan ldn la nhung ngudi lao ddng
gian don, trong do cd nhieu ngudi la than
quen
ciia
nhiing ngudi Viet da dinh cu d
Ddng Au. Nhiing ngudi nay thirdng khdng
hieu biet nhieu ve van hda ban xir, khdng cd
sy chuan bi can thiet khi sang Ddng Au nen
kha nang hdi nhap vao nudc sd tai rat thap.
Mat khac, hg sinh sdng bat hgp phap nen
lam an khdng dn dinh, tu phat, ciing khdng
cd y dinh cu tni lau dai nen kha nang hgi
nhap cang kem hon.
I
Thie ba, khdng cd con sd thdng ke ve ty
le tri thiic trong cdng ddng ngudi Viet d cac
nudc Ddng Au, nghien
ciai
khao sat cho
thay, ty le tri thirc trong cdng ddng cao nhit
la d Hungary, thap nhat la a Sec. Vdi cac tri
thiic,

sau chuyen ddi chinh tri, kinh tl dr cac
nudc Ddng Au, phan Idn chuyin sang kinh
doanh, hinh thanh nen ddi ngu
/;/' thiec
-
doanh nhdn. Mdt s6 it rit thanh cdng, da
thanh lap nhung cdng ty ldn, giiip dd dugc
nhieu ngudd khac nhung phin ldn cac tri
thiie Viet Nam vin kinh doanh nhd,
ehii yiu
d cac cira hang, cac khu chg v.v
^
Thie tu, mgt sd dac dilm ndi bat
ciia
tri
thirc - doanh nhan ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng
Au:
I
- Da phan da djnh cu dn dinh, hgp phap
va hda nhap vdi xa hdi nude sd tai, nhung rit
ft ngudi trong sd hg nhap quoc tich cac nudc
'J)lidt
hug, oui
ti'H.
19
nay. So vdi cdng ddng Viet
kiiu
d cac nudc
phuang Tay va My, hg van la nhung cdng
ddn Viet Nam, mang qudc tich vd hd chieu

Viet Nam, cd mdi quan he gan bd mat thiet
vdi dat nudc.
- Cbi cd mdt sd it tri thuc cdn boat ddng
trong
ITnh
vyc "tri thirc" nhu cac ca sd
nghien cim, dao tao. Da phan cac tri thirc
Viet d cac nudc Ddng Au boat ddng trong
cac
ITnh
vyc kinh doanh, thuang mai, va
chinh hg da hinh thanh nen ddi ngii "tri thiic
- doanh nhan" Viet rat dac trung d cac nude
Ddng Au va Lien Xd cii.
- Ddi ngii tri thuc doanh nhan la hgt
nhdn,
ddng vai trd
cue
ky quan trong trong
qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt trien
ciia
cdng
ddng ngudi Viet, da phan hg la nhirng ngudi
un
tii
dugc Nha nudc cir di bgc tap va cdng
tac d Ddng Au, cd quan he chat che vdi Sir
quan va cac ca quan thudng tru
ciia
Viet

Nam tai nhirng nudc nay.
Thie ndm, viec cac nudc Ddng Au gia
nhap Lien minh Chau Au ciing nhu quan he
ngay cang dugc cai thien giiia Viet Nam vdi
nhirng nudc nay tao ra nhieu ca hdi va thach
thiic cho cdng ddng ngudi Viet va ddi ngii tri
thirc Viet Nam d day. Tir nam 2004
din
nay,
sy hdi nhap vao cac nudc EU tao ra ca hdi
lam an, kinh doanh, giao luu giua cae cdng
ddng ldn ban, ddng thdi ciing tao ra cac ca
hdi de phat trien cac boat ddng lam an phi
phap trong toan khu vuc nhu trdng cin sa,
budn ban ma
tiiy,
phy nir, rira tien, budn ban
hang nhai dge cac khu "chg" bien gidi v.v
Dac biet, cudc khiing hoang tai chfnh toan
cau hien nay gay nhieu tac ddng tieu cyc den
ddi ngii tri thiic ciing nhu cdng ddng ngudi
Viet.
Day chinh la thdi diem ddi hdi ddi ngu
doanh nhan tri thirc phai "ddi mdi"
each
nghT, phuong thirc lam an, hgi nhap sau ban,
tao ra kha nang canh tranh mdi, phat huy ban
niia vai trd "cau ndi" giup ciing cd va phat
trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc nay.
II.

Mot so giai phap phat huy vai tro
ciia tri thiic ngiroi Viet Nam
6'
cac
nvrdc
Dong Au trong boi canh
mdi
Phdt huy vai tro ciing cd
suphdt
trien
cua cpng ddng
- Can cd quan diem rd rang tao dieu
kien de ngudi Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai sinh
sdng va phat trien, dd cung chfnb la tao dilu
kien phat trien dan tdc Viet Nam. Sy ldn
manh
ciia
cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc
ngoai ciing la sy ldn manh cua dan tdc Viet
Nam. Cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai
ndi chung va d Ddng Au ndi rieng cang hdi
nhap sau vao nudc sd tai thi kha nang ddng
gdp cho sy phat triln trong nude cang hieu
qua ban. Vi
thi,
Chinh phu Viet Nam cin cd
nhirng bien phap giiip dd va bao ve cdng
ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au dn dinh cudc
sdng de phat trien, cu tru hgp phap va dugc
thira nhan d nudc sd tai. Chinh

phii tiip
tuc
dam phan vdi cac nudc Ddng Au vl chinh
sach ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam nhim bao ve
20
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°6 (117).2010
quyen lgi hgp phap
ciia
cdng ddng ngudi
Viet Nam d nudc ngoai (NVNONN). Hien
nay, Ba Lan, Sec va Hungary da la nhii'ng
thanh vien Lien minh Chau Au, nen cac
nudc nay cd nghTa vy thyc hien cac chinh
sach ve nhap cu va ti nan chung. EU da ban
hanh chinh sach phat
tii
va tryc xuat ngudi
nhap cu bat hgp phap tren lanh thd EU ndi
chung va cac nude thanh vien ndi rieng, vi
vay chinh phu Viet Nam can phai sdm tien
hanh dam phan vdi cac nudc nay de ky ket
cac hiep dinh tao dieu kien phap ly giiip ba
con dn dinh lam an, sinh sdng lau dai,
tiic
bao hd giup hg cd mgt dia vi phap ly d nai
cu tru; ddng thdi thdng qua dam phan vdi
cac nudc Ddng Au nham ngan chan ludng
nhap cu bat hgp phap, ky hiep dinh ve lao
ddng mdi.

Cac ca quan dai dien cua Viet Nam d
Ddng Au can tuyen truyen nhieu hon de
ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng hgp phap, tranh
tdi da vi pham phap luat nudc sd tai, cd nhu
vay mdi cd the sinh sdng lau dai va ben
viing, va gdp phan tao
"kenli
ngoai giao"
tang cudng quan he hiiu nghi giiia hai nudc.
- De tao dugc sy gan ket trong edng
ddng va gan ket vdi que huong, mgt dieu rat
quan trgng la phai duy tri dugc ban sac van
hda Viet trong cdng ddng. Nha nudc thdng
qua cac ca quan d nudc ngoai khuyen khich
'
ba con tiep
tye
thyc hien viec giii gin ngdn
ngii dan tdc, duy tri cac phong tye tap quan
cd truyen
ciia
ngudi Viet Nam. Nha nudc
ciing can cd cac ehuong trinh hd trg cdng
ddng duy tri ban sac van hda Viet, day tieng
Viet cho cac
thi
be
tbii
hai,
tbii

ba de giiip
cdng ddng hdi nhap sau vao nudc sd tai. Dac
biet Nha nudc can khuyen khich va tao dieu
kien dl ddi ngii tri thiic manh dan hon nira,
nang ddng hon niia de giup cdng ddng cd sy
gan ket va duy tri van hda truyen thdng Viet
Nam.
- Cac ca quan chiic nang nhu Uy ban
Nha nudc ve ngudi Viet a nudc ngoai, Bg
Van hda The thao va Du lich, Bd Giao
due
va Dao tao, cac vien nghien
ciiu
ve KHXH
cd lien quan nen cd nhung phdi hgp trong
viec lap cae du an duy tri tieng ndi, chir viet,
phong
tye
tap quan, truyen thdng van hda
ddc dao
ciia
dan tdc.
Chii
y viec ket hgp vdi
chuyen gia nghien cim khoa bgc xa hdi ve
cdng ddng Viet Nam di cu, ve van hda giao
dye ngudi Viet d nude ngoai, chuyen gia c6
tam huyet nudc sd tai va chuyen gia khac d
trong nudc nghien
ciiu

viec day tiing Viet,
van hda Viet cho cdng ddng, dac biet la
thanh thieu nien ngudi Viet
o
nudc ngoai.
- Cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng
Au la mdt bg phan cua dan tdc Viet Nam.
Viec hoan thien chfnh sach nhim ddng vien,
khuyen khich ba con ddng gdp vao cdng
cudc xay dung dit nudc, viec quan tam, hd
trg ba con gin giii ban sic dan tdc trong cdng
ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai la nhiem vu
thudng xuyen cua cac ca quan quan ly cac
cap.
Dai
sii
quan Viet Nam tai cac nudc
Ddng Au can tang cudng quan tam ddi vdi
cdng ddng ngudi Viet ndi chung va ddi ngii
'J)liut Itug
oui
trix.
21
tri thirc ndi rieng, thudng xuyen cd sinh boat
thdng bao tinh binh, thdng tin trong nudc
cho cac tri thirc de giiip hg nam dugc thyc te
Viet Nam.
- Tang cudng thdng tin chinh sach nha
nudc ddi vdi kieu bao. Quan diem
ciia

Dang
va Nha nudc ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc
ngoai da dugc the hien vdi tinh than rat tich
cyc:
ddy la bd phdn khdng the tdch rdi vd la
ngudn luc
ciia
cdng ddng ddn tdc Viet Nam,
Id
nhdn td quan trong gdp phdn tdng cudng
hgp tdc hieu nghi giiia nhdn ddn ta vdi nhdn
ddn cdc nudc. Vi the, nhiem vy
ciia
tat ca
cac ca quan, ban, nganh la phai tiep tye
truyen tai nhiing quan diem, chinh sach nay
den mgi ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai, dac biet la
nhiing chinh sach mdi nhu nhirng thay ddi
trong Luat ve Sd hiru nha
ciia
Viet kieu tai
Viet Nam, hay nhiing thay ddi ve mdi trudng
kinh doanh v.v Dieu nay giiip cho cdng
ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ciing nhu nhirng
tri thiic d day tin tudng vao nha nudc Viet
Nam va nhan rd dugc vai trd va tiem nang
ciia
minh ddi vdi sy phat trien
ciia
que huong

dat nude.
Cac Sli quan va cac hdi cua cdng ddng
ngudi Viet d Ddng Au deu ed an pham hay
Website, can dau tu tfnh chuyen nghiep cho
cae san pham nay hon niia. Mdt mat, tang
tinh trach nhiem trong quan ly ndi dung bai
vd, mat khac, cd the xa hdi hda ve tai chinli,
phuong thiic boat dgng de sao cho cac don vi
bao chi - van hda cua
Sii
quan trd thanh
trung tam thu
hiit
cac tri thiic d cac nudc sd
tai,
vira lam tdt nhiem vy chinh tri, kinh te -
van hda cua ca quan dai dien d nudc ngoai,
vii'a
la cau ndi gan ket vdi lye lugng tri thirc
tien bd va kieu bao nudc ngoai, di vao thyc
tien cude sdng. Thyc hien dugc nhirng vai
trd nay se tranh dugc sy lang phi khdng dang
cd neu khdng phat huy dugc sire manh cua
loai hinh bao chi khi ma
sii
quan cd the day
manh trong bdi canh hien nay va sap tdi. Cac
ndi dung ve tri thiic va bao chi, tri thiic va sy
hinh thanh cac cdng ddng nhd, sy hd trg cua
Nha nudc trong viee thue day quan he chinh

tri gdp phan tao dieu kien cho cac ca nhan
hdi nhap sau vao the che chfnh tri cap dia
phuong
ciia
nudc sd tai.
- Cac sir quan, Uy ban Ngudi Viet tai
Nudc ngoai can cd sy quan tam
diim
bgc
hon nii'a, giiip dd nhirng trudng hgp gap khd
khan trong giai doan khiing hoang kinh te
hien nay, khi rat nhieu ngudi bi mat viec,
nhieu ngudi kinh doanh nhd gap khd khan do
khung hoang kinh te. Cach thirc: giup hg tim
kiem viec lam, cung cap thdng tin va khuyin
khich nhirng ngudi trong edng ddng giiip dd
cdng viec cho hg.
- Nha nudc mdt mat tao dieu kien cho
ngudi Viet sang Ddng Au hge tap, kinh
doanh hay dinh cu de phat triln cdng ddng
ve mat sd lugng, thiic day hgp tac, nhung
mat khac van duy tri kiem soat chat che viec
di cu ty do, bao dam chat lugng
ciia
nhiing
ngudi di hgp tac lao ddng, kinh doanh, di cu
de nang cao chat lugng cua cdng ddng ngudi
Viet.
22
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW

N°6 (117).2010
Phdt huy vai trd cdu ndi ve kinh te
thuong mgi, hffp tdc lao dpng
- Nha nudc giao cho cac Thuong vy
Viet Nam tai cac nudc Ddng Au (dudi
sir
tai
trg
ciia
Chinh
pbii)
thudng xuyen td chirc cac
hdi nghi hgp tac va dau tu
ciia
cae Viet kieu
tai Ddng Au (theo hinh thirc luan phien tai
mdt sd nudc) de phdi - ket hgp cdng ddng
doanh nghiep giiia cac nudc nay. Cac td
chirc nhu Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam d nudc
ngoai,
VCCI,
Dai dien Thuang mai cua Viet
Nam tai Ddng Au, cac ca quan ngoai giao
nen td chirc nhieu hdi nghi xuc tien dau tu va
thuang mai trong cac chuang trinh boat ddng
cua minh (Cac sy kien nay nen cdng bd rdng
rai tren trang Web
ciia
cac td chirc nay va cd
ke hoach sdm tir dau nam de Viet kieu thu

xep thdi gian tham dy). Thdng qua cac hdi
nghi tren, bang hda, dich vy,
siic
lao ddng
cua Viet Nam dugc quang ba, qua dd thuc
day cac lien doanh, lien ket, ket hgp chat che
giiia doanh nghiep Ddng Au vdi cac doanh
nghiep trong nudc, nham thiic day hgp tac
thuong mai ciing nhu dau tu.
- Xay dyng va nhan rdng cac md hinh
lien
kit,
hgp tae thanh cdng giira doanh
nghiep nguai Viet d Ddng Au vdi cac td
chirc d Viet Nam. Khuyen khieh cac doanh
nghiep Viet Nam dua ngudi lao ddng sang
lam viec hgp phap tai cac nudc Ddng Au,
phat huy vai trd cira ngd vao EU trong dieu
kien EU dang nhit the hda chinh sach lao
ddng va nhap cu. Hien nay, ngudn nhan
lye
cac nudc Ddng Au dang hudng sang thi
trudng Tay Au, tao ra cac khoang trdng cho
lao ddng tir cae nudc thir ba. Day la ca hdi
rat tdt, can biet tan dyng de dua lao ddng
Viet Nam sang Ddng Au nhung nen tap
trung vao lao ddng cd chat lugng: dugc dao
tao ve ngdn ngii, van bda, cac yeu cau ky
thuat ddi vdi cdng viec can thiet.
- Ddi vdi nhung tri thiic - doanh nhan la

ngudi mang qudc tich Viet Nam dinh cu d
Ddng Au, nha nude Viet Nam can xem xet
cac ca che hd trg hg dau tu d nudc sd tai.
Trong trudng hgp nay, dau tu
ciia
hg cung
gan nhu dau tu ra nudc ngoai
ciia
cac doanh
nghiep Viet Nam khac.
- Can cd sy quan tam
ciia
cac ngan hang
va the che tai ehinh trong nude nham giiip
hgp phap hda eac ngudn thu nhap
ciia
ngudi
Viet Nam d Ddng Au va dau tu lai vao cac
nudc nay. Ngoai
ITnh
vyc thuang mai dau tu,
can thuc day sy hgp tac ve tai chinh, hd trg
xuat khau, xay dung mang ludi cac dai ly
tieu thy cae mat bang xuat khau, hgp tac dau
tu xay dung cac lien doanh tao nen thuang
hieu cho hang hda truyen thdng cua Viet
Nam, gia tang hieu qua cua hang hda Viet
trong chudi gia tri gia tang toan cau, thara
gia hieu qua vao he thdng san xuat va phan
phdi toan cau.

- Coi trgng va phat huy vai trd
ciia
cac
doanh nhan tri thirc trong viec thuc thi mo
hinh phat trien ben viing, tang trudng dya
tren xuat khau cua Viet Nam trong chien
luge qudc gia ve md hinh nay phai tinh den
'J)lidt
hug oui
ti'A
23
vai trd thiic day
ciia
cac doanh nghiep
viia
va
nhd cua cac doanh nhan tri thirc d Ddng Au.
Thiic day hgp tac trong mdt sd
ITnh
vyc tiem
nang nhu kinh te sach, nhiing xu the ve
thuang mai toan cau trong dieu kien ddi phd
vdi bien ddi khi hau toan cau, trong hgp tac
thyc hien chuyen giao cac cdng nghe sach
cho cac doanh nghiep vira va
nlid,
trong hgp
tae thuc day quan he dau tu trong
ITnh
vyc

CDM, trong ap dyng va nhan rdng eac md
hinh quan ly hien dai.
Thyc hien lien doanh lien ket nham phat
huy nhirng mat manh
ciia
Chinh sach
Thuang mai chung
ciia
EU, tao ra chudi san
xuat va tieu thy
ciia
Viet Nam ngay trong
ldng EU, tranh dugc nhii'ng rao can cua hang
rao kT thuat, ban che tac ddng tieu cue cua
cac bien phap chdng ban pha gia ma EU hay
ap dung; thuc day hgp tac trong cdng nghiep
che bien thyc pham trong san xuat hang tieu
diing ma Viet Nam cd lgi the (sir dung nhieu
lao ddng). Tao ra cae cdng ty lien khu vue,
thyc su bam re, vuon ra trong thi trudng EU,
nhung ciing gdp phan thiic day cac nganh
cdng nghiep che bien, cdng nghiep phu trg
ciia
Viet Nam, tao dieu kien cho cac doanh
nghiep Viet kieu tham gia vao cac khu che
xuat, khu cdng nghiep.
- Thuc day vai trd cau ndi trong chuyen
giao cdng nghe, trong dich vy tai chinh,
trong dau tu nghien
ciin

trien khai. Keu ggi
cac cdng ty ldn cua ngudi Viet d Ddng Au
hoac thdng qua cac cdng ty
ciia
ngudi Viet d
Ddng Au keu ggi cae cdng ty ldn dang boat
ddng d chau Au dau tu vao Viet Nam, thiet
lap cac phdng nghien cim va trien khai d
Viet Nam.
Phdt huy vai tro cdu ndi ve vdn hda
gido
due,
khoa hoc cdng nghe
- Thudng xuyen td chirc cac boat ddng
trao ddi van hda giiia cac td chirc doan the
trong nudc vdi cac td chirc
ciia
ngudi Viet tai
cac nudc Ddng Au, cd mdi cac td chirc cua
nudc sd tai tham gia.
- Tai Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam, thanh lap
Ban Cdng tac ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au lam
cau ndi, hoac Lien hiep eac Hdi
him
nghi len
danh sach cac thanh vien dang ky la cac tri
thiic ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au, cd can bd
chuyen trach gap gd, tiep xuc, xay dyng cac
dy an, cac sang kien, tap hgp cac nhu ciu
tinh nguyen tham gia cac boat ddng trao ddi

khoa bgc, giao dye
ciia
cac tri thirc Viet tai
Ddng Au.
- Md rdng cac lien doanh, lien
kit
trong
khoa bgc cdng nghe va khoa bgc xa hdi nhan
van nhu thyc hien cac dy an, dl tai chung cd
sy tham gia cua cae ca quan nghien
ciiu ciia
cac nudc Ddng Au va ngudi Viet d Ddng
Au. San pham dugc in thanh hai thir tiing,
cdng bd rdng rai d hai nudc.
Nha nudc nen ban hanh ca
chi
chung
quy dinh viec thu
hiit
chit xam
ciia
cac tri
thii'c
ngudi Viet nhu ky cac hgp ddng cho
phep cac tri thiic dugc tham gia nghien ciru,
giang day, tien hanh cac nghien cuu, phdi
hgp vdi cac td chirc khac tai Viet Nam, cd ca
24
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6
(117).2010

che nhu can bd trong nudc theo che do hgp
ddng. Cho phep tri
thii'e
Viet kieu tham gia
dau thau cac de tai, cdng trinh dugc thyc
hien bang
100%
vdn ngan sach hoac dugc tai
trg mdt phan.
- Cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao dao tao
ngudn nhan
lye,
hgp tac lien doanh trong
viee xay dyng cac trudng dai bgc trong
nudc,
cac chi nhanh d nudc ngoai, gdp phan
dao tao ngudn nhan lye chat lugng cao, chi
phi thap, tao dau ra cho cac nhan
lye
cd
dii
dieu kien va mong mudn lam viec d nudc
ngoai, giai quyet mau thuan giiia chay mau
chat xam va thyc sy cd mdt ddi ngii chuyen
gia vira dugc bgc
viia
dugc hanh d cae nudc
phat trien, de ddng gdp ve lau dai cho dat
nudc.
- Cdng ddng doanh nghiep

ciia
Viet
Nam d Ddng Au phat huy vai trd eau ndi tim
kiem cae ddi tac
ciia
Tay Au cd cdng nghe
ngudn, khuyen khich hay tao dyng cac mdi
lien ket de bg dau tu eho nghien
ciiu
trien
khai d Viet Nam.
Tgo Cff hpi ddng gdp
true
tiep cho su
nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt
nudc
- Khi Dang va Nha nudc da xac dinh
"ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi la bd phdn
khdng the tdch rdi
ciia
ddn
toe
Viet Nam, la
mdu thit cua ngudi Viet Nam " thi can coi hg
nhu nhiing ngudi Viet Nam d trong nudc.
Nha nudc phai tien tdi xda bd sy phan biet
giiia ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai va ngudi
Viet d tai Viet Nam trong mgi van de.
^k
thu

hiit
dugc sy quan tam cua the he
tre ngudi Viet d Ddng Au vdi que huang can
phai thuan lgi hda cac dieu kien,
thii
tuc cho
nhiing ddi tugng nay khi hgp tac, lien ket
hay ve tham que huong.
Nha nudc ciing can tinh tdi viec dan dan
cho phep nhiing ngudi Viet Nam d nudc
ngoai cdn giii qudc tich Viet Nam tham gia
vao cac dien dan xay dung phap luat ciing
nhu bd may cdng quyen
ciia
Viet Nam.
- Chinh
phii
va cac ca quan ban nganh
trong nudc can xay dung chfnb sach thu
hiit,
trgng dyng nhan tai cy the, rd rang, dac biet
ddi vdi ddi ngii tri thirc ngudi Viet d nudc
ngoai. Nhiing nha hoach dinh chinh sach cua
Viet Nam can biet lang nghe tam tu nguyen
vgng ciing nhu nhirng quan diem chia se
ciia
ddi ngii tri thiic Viet d Ddng Au trong qua
trinh hoach dinh chinh sach. Khdng chi biet
lang nghe, Nha nudc cdn phai tao ca hdi de
dugc nghe quan diem, chia se cua cac tri

thiic
nudfc
ngoai cho qua trinh hoach dinh
chinh sach. Ddi vai nhirng tri thirc Ddng Au,
phan ldn hg lam kinh doanh, cin cd chinh
sach thu
hiit
hg diu tu kinh doanh tai Viet
Nam, chuyen giao cdng nghe ciing nhu kinh
nghiem quan ly trong
nin
kinh tl thi trudng
d cac nudc Ddng Au vao Viet Nam.
Cac bd nganh, dia phuang cung triln
khai dugc nhiing ca
chi
cy
thi,
thiit thyc
cung nhu danh nhiing khoan kinh phi thich
'jyiidt liug
oui
ti'd.
25
dang de thu
hiit
chuyen gia, tri thiic ngudi
Viet d Ddng Au. Chung ta can xay dyng cac
ca che, ehinh sach, eac giai phap ddng bd tir
vi md den vT md, tang cudng nhan thirc va

phdi hgp
ciia
cac nganh, cac cap de tao ra
budc chuyen manh me, tiep them ddng lye
cho kieu bao ta ndi chung va tri thirc d Ddng
Au ndi rieng, hudng ve dat nudc, tich cyc
tham gia ddng gdp xay dyng que huang.
Danh gia dung kha nang (thdng qua viec
giao yeu cau cy the) va sy ddng gdp (qua
viec tra luang thoa dang va dieu kien lam
viec tdt) se lam cho nhiing chuyen gia ngudi
Viet cam thay dugc tdn trgng, de
bii
dap
nhirng tbiet thdi do sy di chuyen chd d va
lam viec mang lai. Nha nudc can cd nhiing
chfnh sach dem lai cam giac dugc ddn tiep
nhu nhiing ngudi than trd ve nha. Tat ca mgi
con ngudi Viet Nam,
dii
xa que bao nam deu
mong mudn cd mdt ngay dugc trd ve trong
sy chao ddn
ciia
nhiing ngudi ddng bao
minh. Mgi sy tiep ddn an can va chu dao deu
la sy khich le rat ldn, giup nhiing tri thirc
Viet
kiiu sin
sang cdng hien het kha nang

cua minh cho sy phat trien
ciia
dat nudc.
- Tao dilu kien thuan lgi cho ba con ve
tham que huong va dau tu d Viet Nam. Cy
thi
hda Nghi quyet 36 ve ngudi Viet Nam d
nudc ngoai dang la mdt trong nhiing trgng
tam cy
thi
hda chinh sach
ciia
Nha nudc Viet
Nam nhim tao dieu kien thuan lgi tdi da thu
hiit
ngudn lye
ciia
ba con. Viec Nha nudc
ban hanh Chfnh sach Mien thi thyc cho
ngu'di Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, dugc trien
khai tir
1/9/2007
da tao dieu kien thuan lgi
cho ba con kieu bao ve tham que huong.
Qudc hdi da sira ddi Luat Nha d theo hudng
md rdng ddi tugng Viet kieu dugc sd hiiu
nha va khdng phan biet ddi xir giira kieu bao
va than nhan trong nudc. Ddng thdi, Viet
Nam eiing thira nhan "da qudc tich" ddi vdi
kieu bao. Dieu nay se gdp phan bao ve quyen

lgi
ciia
kieu bao trong viec dugc ddi xir binh
dang, tang ca hdi lam an, hdi nhap vao nudc
sd tai. Ngoai ra, Chinh
phii
Viet Nam
khuyen khfeh ba con Viet kieu dau tu ve
nudc,
gdp phan vao cdng cudc xay dyng va
phat trien dat nudc cho
dii
tdng vdn dau tu
ciia
ba con Viet kieu trong thdi gian qua van
cdn d mirc "khiem tdn".
- Cac tri thirc Viet Nam d Ddng Au
phan ldn lam kinh doanh, vi the Viet Nam
nen keu ggi hg dau tu vao cac dy an vira va
nhd cd bieu qua xa hdi cao nhu giao dye hay
y te, cac dy an dich vy ngan hang - tai chinh,
bat ddng san, du lich hay nghi dudng.
Tai lieu tham khao
\. Nghi quyit
36/NQ-TW
ngay
26/3/2004 cua Bd Chinh Tri ve cdng tac ddi
vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai.
2.
Nguyen Quang Thuan, Mot so vdn de

ve Cong ddng ngudi Viet Nam d cdc nudc
Ddng Au, Tap chi Nghien cim Chau Au, sd
5/2009.
26
NGHIEN
COU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6
(117).2010
3.
Nguyin An Ha, Chinh sdch nhdp cu
ciia
Lien minh Chdu Au vd cua mot
.vo
nudc
thdnh vien mdi Ddng Au, Tap chi Nghien
cim Chau Au, sd 3/2009.
4.
Nguyin An Ha, Cdc nudc Ddng Au
gia nhdp Lien minh Chdu Au vd tdc ddng tdi
Viet Nam, NXB KHXH, Ha Ndi, 2005.
5.
Dang Minli Dire, Nhdp cu d Lien
minh Chdu Au: Vdn de vd
thdeh
thiec, Tap
chi Nghien cim Chau Au, sd 6/2007.
6. Ha Hoang Hai, Chinh sdch nhdp cu
cua EU vd
ciia
mot sd nudc thdnh vien mdi

tgi Trung vd Ddng Au vd tdc ddng tdi cdng
ddng ngudi Viet Nam tgi Ba Lan, Tap chi
Nghien cim Chau Au, sd 3 (102)/2009.
7.
Ky yeu hdi thao qudc te: "Cong
ddng ddng ngudi Viet Nam tgi mdt sd nudc
Ddng Au: Thuc trgng vd vai trd trong bdi
cdnh
mdi",
thang 3 nam 2009.
8. Nguyen Thanh Son, Tri thiec ngudi
Viet Nam d nudc ngodi hudng ve que huang,

hungta/2008/07/794741/,
24/10/2008.
tai
ngay
9. Pham Gia Khiem, Ddng vd Nhd
nudc tiep tuc chdm lo quyen lgi chinh ddng
cua ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi,
http://'www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cs_doingoai/nr07
0523093001/ns070821085317, tai ngay 10
thang 8 nam 2009.
10.
EU to crack down on employers
hiring illegal immigrants,
littp://news.vahoo.com/s/afp/20Q70516/bs
af
p/euimmigrationiustice
070516190021,

tai
ngay
17
thang 5 nam 2007.
11.
Join
Salt, Current Trends in
international migration in Europe, 2006 -
Bao cao Uy ban Nhap cu Chau Au.

tion/documentation/Publicationsandreport
s/2006_Salt_report_en.pdf,
tai ngay
18
thang
5 nam 2007.
12.
A Comprehensive European
Migration Policy,
littp://www.statewatcb.org/news/2007/niay/e
u-com-migration-policy.pdf, Tai ngay 25
thang 5 nam 2007.
13.
littp://ec.europa.eu/iustice
ho
me/fsj/immigrationyrelations/fsi
immigration
relations en.htm
14.
Towards

a
comprehensive
European Migration Policy: Cracking
doM>n
on employment of illegal immigrants and
fostering circular migration and mobility
partnerships ,

o?reference=IP/07/678&forniat=HTML&age
d=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en. tai
ngay 25 thang 5 nam 2007.
15.
Status Report on Migration in
the Sec Republic, 2008, Bd Ndi vy Sec.