bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi lịch sử 12

LOI
NOI DAU
Cac ban
d6n§
nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh Lh&n men!
Hii^n
nay Lrdn Lhi Lniong
sach
Lham
khao
mon Ljch sii c6 r^L nhi<iu Lai
lidu
vi6L v6
luydn
Lhi dai
hcpc,
cao
dSng
nhimg iL Lhiy Lai lieu v\6l vc boi duong hoc sinh gioi. Nhu
cAu SHU [Am Lai
lidu
dS hSl duong hoc sinh gioi cac mon hoc noi chung cung nhu m6n
Ljch sir noi ridng dang Lro ndn r^L cAn cho Lhay c6
giao
va cac cm hoc sinh 6 cac
Lnrong THPT, nha la cac Lruong THDT chuyen.
Tu
Lhyc 16 nhu cdu do, chiing Loi manh dan bidn
soan
cuon "501 DUONG

HQC
GIOI
MON LICH
&\J
12" v6i hy vong gop moL ph^n nho vao vide giai quycL nhu
c^u buc xuc dang daL ra va b6 sung vao kho Lai lieu
sach
Lham
khao
mon Ljch su dang
hidn
hanh. Day la nhirng v^n d6 c6
lidn
quan den cac ki Lhi hoc sinh gioi
qu6c
gia mon
Ljch sii hang nam ciia B6
Giao
due va Dao Lao.
(Sach
gom c6 ba phdn:
Phan
1: Huong dan lam bai Lhi hoc sinh gioi mon Ljch su
Chiing
Loi dc cSp d6n bon v^n 66: ydu cAn on
Lfip;
muc dd kien Lhuc va ki nBng;
cAn Lnic d6 Lhi va moL s6 v^n de c^n
luu
y khi on L&p va lam bai Lhi hoc sinh gioi mon

Ljch su.
Phan
2: Ljch su VidL Nam hidn dai
Trong phdn nay, chiing Loi
chia
ra moL so cac chuydn de
Lhco
Lien Lrinh phaL
Lriin
ljch su dan L6c Lu nSm 1919 den nay. M6i chuydn 66. chiing Loi
khac
sSu nhirng kien
c^n Lhi6L, c6
lidn
quan den vide b6i duong hoc sinh gioi va Lhi hgc sinh gioi.
Phan
3: Ljch su Lhi^ gioi hidn dai
Chiing
Loi gioi Lhidu nh&ng ki6n Lhiic co ban, c6 dong ve ljch sii Lh<5 gioi Lhoi can
va hidn dai, do la nhung kien Lhiic phuc vu cho vide boi duong hoc sinh gioi LoL nh^L
Hi
vong rang, cuon nay d6n voi quy Lhiy c6
giao
va cac cm hoc sinh nhu la moL Lai
lidu
nghidn ciiu, Lham khao, de \in luoL
Lhao
go nhung kho
khSn,
vuong mic Lrong qua

Lrinh
boi duong hoc sinh gioi daL kcL qua LoL nh^L.
Tuy da c6 nhieu c6
gang
nghidn ciiu,
song
qua Lrinh bidn
soan
chac
se khong
Lranh khoi nhOng Lhicu soL, riL mong
nhSn
dugc
sir dong gop y kien cua cac ban dong
nghidp va cac cm hoc sinh. Ain
chSn
Lhanh cam on!^
TACGIA
Hit,
Cty
TNHH
MTV Pmi
Khang
\^ft
EhlnJ: HUOINQ DAN LAM BAI THI HOC SINH QIOI
I.
YEU CAU ON TAP THI HQC SINH GIOI MON
LICH
SU" '
1.

Khac
voi vi#c on tap thi tot nghiep hay thi dai hpc, on tap thi hpc sinh gioi
yeu cau phai
trai
rpng trong toan bp chuong
trinh
Hch su lop 10,11 va 12.
2. Npi dung on tap phai phu hgp voi yeu cau, muc do cua thi sinh thi hoc sinh
gioi,
ngoai kiem tra kien thuc va ki nang co ban aia hpc sinh con phai kiem tra kha
nang hieu kien thuc. Phai dam bao su can doi cac yeu cau kiem tra kien thuc, ren
luyen
ki nang, ren !uy?n kha nang tu duy
sang
tao ciia hpc sinh. * •
3. Npi dung on tap phai bam bam sat cac yeu cau ve kien thuc, ki nang 6 cac
muc dp da dupe hpc trong chuong
trinh
nang cao va npi dung chuyen sau.
II.
ML/C DO CAN DAT VE KIEN THLTC VA KI
NANG
1.
Ve kien thuc: yeu cau hpc sinh phai nho, nam
virng
va hieu sau sic cac
kien
thuc co ban ciia chuong
trinh,
sach

giao khoa nang cao va npi dung cac
chu de chuyen sau. Do la nen tang co ban
virng
vang de tie'p can cac kien thuc
sau sac hon.
2. Ve kl nang: can chii trpng ki nang phan tich, tong hap, khai quat hoa kien
thuc, ren
luy^n
kha nang van dung cac kien thuc vao giai quyet cac van de
trong
hpc tap va thyc tien, dac bi^t chii y ki nang viet, ki nang
trinh
bay mpt
van
de.
3.
Vi?c
on tap thi hpc sinh gioi mon Ljch su phai dya tren co so phat trien
nang luc tri tu^ ciia hpc sinh tu miic dp dan gian den phuc tap, tu thap den
cao; npi dung bao ham cac muc dp
khac
nhau cua nhan thuc. Tuy nhien, doi
voi
thi hpc sinh gioi khong chi
dirng
lai 6 vi^c cac kien thuc nhan biet, thong
hieu, van dung ma con chii y den
viec
danh gia cac kl nang cao han nhu kha
nang so

sanh,
doi chieu, lap luan, the hi^n chinh kien ciia minh va van dyng
kien
thuc da hpc vao
cupc
song dang doi hoi.
HI.
CAU TRUC BAI THI MON
LICH
SU"
Doi
voi de thi chpn hpc sinh gioi
quoc
gia mon Lich su gom 7 cau,
thang
diem 20,
dugc
phan bo nhu sau:
Cau 1 (2,5 diem): Phan ljch su Vi?t Nam. -il"' '
"^'^"^
Cau 2 (2,5 diem): Phan ljch su the
gioi.
Cau 3 (3 diem): Kien thuc ljch su Vi^t Nam, cau hoi yeu cau thi sinh phai
biet tong hpp kien thuc.
Cau 4 (3 diem): Kien thuc Hch su Viet Nam, tren co so
trinh
bay mpt sy ki?n
hay mpt qua
trinh
ljch su Vi?t Nam, thi sinh biet de giai thich hi§n tupng lich

su do.
3Si
du&ng
HSG L/ch Sit
12
- Ths.
Truvn^
Ngpc
Thoi
Cau 5 (3 diem): Kie'n thuc Ijch sir Vi$t Nam, tren co so nhung sir ki#n hay
mot qua
trinh
Ijch su Vi?t Nam, thi sinh bie't the hi?n ki nang nhu lap bieu
bang, so do, so
sanh
Cau 6 (3 diem): Kie'n thuc ijch sir Viet Nam, thi sinh bie't phan ti'ch, danh
gia, nhan xet mpt sir
kif
n
hay mpt qua
trinh
Ijch sir Vi^t Nam.
Cau 7 (3 diem): Kien thuc Ijch su the'giai, thi sinh bie't phan tich, danh gia, nh^n
xet mpt sy ki?n ijch sir the'giai
hoac
kT nang nhu lap bieu bang, so do, so
sanh
IV.
MQT SO VAN DE CAN Ll/U Y KHI ON TAP THI HQC SINH GIOI
1.

Bam sat kie'n thirc, kT nang trong chuong
trinh
nang cao va noi dung
chuyen sau. Trong qua
trinh
on tap dua tren co so kien thirc ciia
sach
giao
khoa nang cao va kien thirc chuyen sau, can phai nam vCrng nhirng sir kien Ijch
sir
CO
ban nha't. Ch^ng han, trong giai doan Ijch sir tir nam 1930 den nam 1945,
cac em can tap trung vao cac sir kien Ijch sir sau:
- Su thanh lap Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ngay 3 - 2 - 1930.
- Phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1931 voi
dinh
cao la X6 viet Nghe - Tinh.
- Phong trao dan chii 1936 - 1939.
- Phong trao giai phong dan tpc 1939 - 1945.
Trong do, chii trpng den cac su kien dien ra trong nam 1930 va nam 1945.
2. Bam sat cau true de thi de on tap.
Cau true de thi hpc sinh gioi
quoc
gia co 7 cau nhu da neu, trong qua
trinh
on tap, cac em can bam sat cau true do de cac em lam quen voi cac dang cau
hoi
va tu xay dyng dap an tra lai, qua do ren luy#n nang lyc tu hpc, tu kiem

tra danh gia ve von hieu bie't kien thirc Ijch sir eung nhu cac kT nang lam bai va
kT nang thue hanh.
Vi
du,
dcthi
tlwo
can
true
cau 1: Hay neu
nhirng
chui/en
bien
trong
tu
tucmg
dm
mtac
cua
Phan
Boi
Chau
dan
theki
XX.
V&i
denay
yen can hoc
sinh
phai
trinh bay noi

dung:
Dau the ki XX, phong trao giai phong dan tpc Viet Nam phat trien len mpt
buoc
moi
theo
khuynh huong dan chii tu san, giai phong dan tpc gSn lien voi giai
phong xa hpi. Dai bieu cho khuynh huong cun
nuoe
moi la
Phan
bpi Chau,
Phan
Chau Trinh
Phan
Bpi Chau (1867
-1940),
sinh ra trong gia
dinh
co truyen thong nho hpc 6
Nam
Dan - Ngh^ An, dupe dao tao
theo
khuon mau Trung
quan
ai
quoc,
yeu
nuoc
thuong dan sau sac, som tham gia chong
Phap

Tir
nam 1883 den 1901, ong huong
theo
ngpn co Can
vtfcmg
chong
Phap:
viet
Hich
binh
Tdy
(1883),
lap dpi Si tu Can
vu'ffng
(1885),
nam 1900 ong do giai nguyen.
CO
"danh"
de thuc hi^n chi nguyen cuu nuoc, nam 1901 mim bao dpng cuop thanh
Mghe An nhung bi 16
Nam
1902, ong bSt dau
cupc
hanh
trinh
tim nguoi cimg chi huong: ra BSc, vao
Nam
tim dong chi , tie'p can tu tuong dan chii tu san qua tan van, tan
thu ,
tu

tuong ciru
nuoc
cua ong b5t dau chuyen bien
theo
huong moi
Nam
1904, lap Duy tan hpi voi mue
ticu:
"Danh
Phap,
khoi phue Vi^t Nam,
lap chinh
phii
doe lap, ngoai ra
chua
co chu nghia gi
khac",
dua Cuong De, con
chau
hoang tpc lam minh ehii. 1905 -1909 thuc hien phong trao Dong du
Nhirng
hoat
dong do danh dau su chuyen bien trong tu tuong cua
Phan
Bpi
Chau tir
quan
chu
chuyen
r/zt'sang

quan
chu lap
hich:
mupn danh
nghTa
hoang tpc
de tap hop luc lupng.
Nam
1911,
each
mang Tan Hpi Trung
Quoc
thang Ipi, ong huong ve Trung
Quoc,1912
lap Viet Nam Quang phue hpi voi mue dich "Danh
Phap,
khoi phue
Vi?t Nam, lap cpng hoa dan
quoc"
Tir do, ong doan
tuy^t
voi tu tuong quan
chii,
chuyen tir quan ehii lap hien
sang
cpng hoa tu san, day la
buoc
tien quan
trpng
trong qua

trinh
hoat
dong
cuii
nuoc
ciia
Phan
Bpi Chau.
Nam
1917,
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga
thSng
Ipi den voi ong nhu luong anh
sang
moi. Tuy
chua
tro thanh nguoi cpng san nhung ong co cam
tinh
voi
nuoc
Nga X6 viet, dat niem tin vao sir thing Ipi ciia chii nghia cpng san, niem tin vao
lanh ty Nguyen Ai
Quoc.
Nam
1925, khi
chua
the thay doi dupe to

chuc,
phuong phap dau tranh
thich
hop voi su chuyen bien moi cua dat
nuoc
va thoi dai, ong bj
Phap
bat
giam long tai Hue'.
Vi du,
dcthi
theo
cau
true
cau 2: Neu
nhiem
vii va
tinh
chat
cua
Cach
mang
thang
Mmri Nga nam 1917.
V&i
denay
yeu cau hoc
sinh
phai
trhih

bay noi
dung:
Nuoc Nga truoc
each
mang la noi tap trung cac mau thuan ciia chii
nghTa
dequoc,
la "nha tii cua cac dan tpc".
Nhi^m
vu
each
mang: lat do
che'dp
Nga Hoang, giai phong giai cap v6 san,
nhan dan lao dpng Nga, dong thoi giai phong eac dan tpc thupc dja trong de
quoc
Nga.
Doi
voi
nuoc
Nga, do la mpt
cupc
each
mang v6 san (lat do ach thong trj
ciia giai cap tu san va phong kie'n, thiet lap nen chuyen chinh v6 san, dua cong
nong len nam chinh quyen)
Doi
voi cac dan tpc thupc dja trong
dequoc
Nga, do la mpt

cupc
each
mgng
giai
phong dan tpc. .
•
i-
BSi
dijOng HSG L/ch Sit 12 - Ths. Truang Ngpc Thai
Vi
du, de thi
theo
cau
true
cau 3: Hay trinh bay su
thanh
lap Hoi Viet Nam
Cdch
mqng
Thanh
nien
nam 1925. Hoi Viet Nam
Cdch
mang
Thanh
nien
c6 vai tro nhu the
ndo dot
v&i
su ra dai cua

Dang
Cong
sdn Viet
Nam?
Vai
denay
yeu cau hoc sinh
phdi
trinh bay hai noi
dung:
Mot la,
s\f
ra dai ciia
Hpi
Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien nam 1925 nhu sau:
Sau khi ve den Quang Chau (Trung Quoc), Nguyen Ai
Quoc
ma lop huah
luy^n
dao tao can bp. Phan Ion hoc vien la thanh nien, hoc sinh, tri thuc Viet Nam yeu
nuac. Nguyen Ai
Quoc
lua chon mot so thanh nien tich eye trong Tam tam xa de
to
chiic thanh nhom Cpng san Doan (2
-1925).
Thang 6 - 1925, Nguyen Ai
Quoc

thanh lap Hpi Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh
nien
nhSm to
chuc
va lanh dao quan chiing doan ket lai, kich li^t tranh dau de
danh
do de
quoc
chii
nghia
Phap
va tay sal, tu
cini
minh.
Thong qua Bao Thanh nien la ca quan ngon luan
trung
uong ciia Hoi do
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
sang
lap va pham Dumg Kdch
menh
duqc
xuat ban nam 1927.
Boo
Thanh
nien

va
sach
Difcmg
Kdch
menh
da trang bj li luan
each
mang cho can
bp ciia Hpi
Vif t
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien de tuyen truyen
chii
nghla Mac -
Lenin
cho giai cap cong nhan va cac tang lop nhan dan
Vi^t
Nam.
Hai la, vai tro ciia Hpi Vi?t Nam
each
mang Thanh nien doi voi su thanh lap
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam:
Sau khi tiep thu
chii
nghla Mac - Lenin thong qua cac bai giang ciia Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
tai cac lop huah luy?n cho Hpi Viet Nam
Cach

mang Thanh nien,
nhung
thanh vien ciia Hpi Ian
lupt
dupe cu ve
nuac
theo
chii
truang "v6 sdn
hod" ciia Hpi nam 1928, nhieu can bp ciia Hpi da di sau vao cac nha may, xi
nghi?p, don dien cung lao dpng va song vai cong nhan de tuyen truyen, van
dpng
each
mang va tuyen truyen
chii
nghla Mac - Lenin.
Trong
nhung nam 1928 - 1929,
chii
nghia Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau
rpng
vao Vi?t Nam c6 tac dung thiic day phong trao cong nhan va phong trao
yeu nude phat trien manh me. Mot yeu cau cap thiet ciia
lich
su dat ra la phai
thanh
lap chinh dang ciia giai cap v6 san de lanh dao phong trao.
Dap ung yeu cau do, a Vi^t Nam Ian
lupt
xuat hien ba to

chuc
cpng san vao
nam 1929. Nhung su hoat dpng rieng le ciia ba to
chuc
cpng san gay anh
huong
khong tot den tien
trinh
each
mang. Can phai hpp nhat cac to
chuc
cpng
san thanh mpt Dang duy nhat, do la Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam.
Nhu
vay, Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien vua dong vai tro truyen ba
chii
nghla Mac - Lenin vao
Vi#t
Nam, vua tao dieu
kif
n
thiic day phong trao
cong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc 6 Vi?t Nam phat trien. Do la ba yeu to can
thiet
de di den thanh l$p Dang Cpng san
Vi^t
Nam (3 - 2-
1930).

Vi
du, de thi
theo
cau
true
cau 4: Vi sao
Dang
Cong
sdn Viet Nam ra doi ma ra
mot
buae
ngoqt
vo
eiing
quan
trong trong
lich su dan toe Viet
Nam?
Vai
denay
yeu cau hoc sinh
phdi
trinh bay hai noi
dung:
Dang ra doi da vach ra duong
loli
chien luoc cho
each
mang. Duong 161 do
la-

Truoc lam
each
mang dan tpc dan
chii
roi sau tien thang len
chii
nghia xa
hpi
bo qua giai doan phat trien che dp tu ban
chii
nghla. Tie nay
each
mang
Vi?t Nam chain dut su
khiing
hoang ve duong 161 va c6 su lanh dao
diing
dan
dedi
den thang
Ipi.
Dang ra doi, xay dung dupe mpt lue lupng mai cho
each
mang ma
chii
yeu
la lien
minh
cong nong. Dang ra doi de ra hai khau hieu chien lupc la: "Dpc lap
dan

tpc" va "Rupng dat dan eay". Hai khau hi^u nay dap
ling
dupe nguy^n
vpng
ciia da so nhan dan, nhat la nong dan. Do do, loi cuon dupe dong dao
nong
dan di theo
each
mang, xay dyng dupe
khoi
lien
minh
cong nong, tao ra
dupe mpt nhan to co ban nua, dam bao thSng Ipi cho
each
mang Vi?t Nam.
Dang ra dai vach ra dupe phuong phap
each
mang
diing
dSn. Do la dung
phuang phap dau tranh
each
mang
hang
bao luc ciia quan chiing theo quan
diem
ehii nghla Mac - Lenin. Nho do ta biet xay dung va su dung hai luc
lupng
chinh

trj,
vu trang de tien hanh
khoi
nghla.
Dang ra doi xay dung dupe ban dong
minh
mai. Dang ra doi lam cho
each
m^ing
Vi#t
Nam tro thanh mpt bp phan khang
khit
ciia the
gioi.
Nha vay, tir do
den nay, ta da tranh
thii
dupe sy dong
tinh
va
ling
hp to Ion ciia cac lyc lupng
each
mang the
gioi,
tao nen sue manh tong hpp de chien thSng mpi ke thu.
Vi
nhi>ng le do. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam ra doi da ma ra mpt
buoc
ngoat

Ijch
su
vT
dai cho
each
mang Vi^t Nam.
Vi
du,
dethi
theo
cau
true
can 5: So
sdnh
chien
thang
Viet Bac thu -
dong
1947 vd
chien
dich
Bien
giai
thu -
dong
195
dethd'y
dugc
buac
tien

cua ta
trong
khdng
chien
chongPhdp.
Vai
npi dung ciia cau hoi nay khong yeu cau hoc sinh
trinh
bay dien bien
ciia chien djch Vi?t B3c thu - dong nam 1947 va chien djch Bien
gioi
thu - d6ng
nam 1950, va tren co so npi dung ciia hai chien djch do phai so sanh de thay
dupe
buoc
tien ciia ta trong
cupc
khang chien ehong Phap. Cu the can l$p bang
so sanh nhu sau:
Tieu
chi so sanh
Chien
dich Vi?t Bac
Chien
djch Bien gioi
1)
Chii
dpng tan
cong djch
Ta danh bai ciia tan c6ng

len
Vi^t BSc ciia djch
- Ta
chii
dpng tien cong
dich
o
2) Quan djch bj loai
khoi
vung chien
6000
ten dich
-
8.300
djch 6 bien giai
Vi?t - Trung^
Ta bao ve
dugc
Vift
Bac
3) Qiai phong da't
dai
4) Y nghia quan
trpng
nha't ciia
thing
Igi
- Bao dupe Vi§t Bac, can
cu dau nao ciia khang
chien

- Lam pha san am muu
"danh
nhanh, thSng nhanh"
ciia djch.
Giai
phong bien
gioi
Vi^t
- Trung dai 750km
- Khai thong bien
gioi
Vi^t
- Trung
- Gianh the'chii dpng ve
chien lupc tren chien
truong
chinh.
Nhu
vay, so voi chien djch Viet Bac thu - dong nam 1947, chien dich Bien
gioi
thu - dong nam 1950 the hien
buoc
tien ciia quan dan ta trong
cuoc
khang
chien chong
Phap
do la, tix cho djch
chii
dong tan cong ta, den cho ta

chii
dpng
tan
cong djch. Tu cho lam pha san am muu "danh nhanh, thang nhanh ciia
djch"
den cho ta da gianh the'chii dpng tren chien truong chi'nh Bac Bp.
Vi
du,
dethi
theo
cm
true
cau 6: Tren ca aa trinh bay
nguyen
nhan
thang
lai cm
cuoc
khang
chien
chong
thuc
dan
Phap
xam
luac,
hay
phan
tich
mot

nguxjen
nhan
c6
tinh
chat
quyet
dinh
nha't.
Truvc het yen cau hoc
sinh
trinh bay
ngan
gon cdc
ngiiyen
nhan
thang
lai cua
cuoc
khang
chien
chong
Phap:
Nhd
lanh dao
sang
suot ciia Dang, dung dau la
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh,
vol

duong
161 khang chien
diing
d^n,
sang
tao. Toan dan, toan quan doan ket,
dGng
cam trong chien dau, trong lao dpng san xua't.
Nho
h$ thong chinh quyen dan
chii
nhan dan trong ca nuoc, c6 mat tran
dan
tpc thong nha't dupe ciing co va mo rong, c6 lye lupng vu trang som dupe
xay dung va khong ngung Ion manh, co hau phuong rong Idn, vung
chSc
ve
mpi
mat.
Nho
tinh
than doan ke't ciia nhan dan ba nude Dong Duong chong ke thu chung.
Nho
CO su dong
tinh,
ling
hp va
giiip
do ciia Trung Quo'e, Lien Xo va eiia
cae

nuoc
dan
chii
nhan dan
khae,
ciia nhan dan
Phap
va loai nguoi tie'n bp.
Sau do yeu can hoc
sinh
phan
tich
mot
nguyen
nhan
quyet
dinh
nhat:
Trong
cae nguyen nhan neu tren thi nguyen nhan ve sy lanh dao ciia Dang,
dung
dau la
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh
la nguyen nhan quye't djnh nha't.
Trong
cupe
khang chien chong thye dan
Phap

tro lai xam lupc
nuoc
ta,
Dang ta va
Chii
tjch Ho Chi
Minh
da de ra duong loi khang chien toan dan,
toan di^n, lau dai va tu lye canh sinh. Duong loi do dupe ap dung trong suot
tie'n
tranh
each
mang tu nam 1946 den nam 1954. Nho co duong loi do. Dang ta
da doan ke't dupe mpt lye lupng
each
mang ciia dong dao quan chiing de thye
hi^n
cupe
khang chien toan dan va da tie'n hanh khang chien tren cae mat tran
kinh
te, chinh trj, van hoa, quan sy. Cijng nho co duong loi do ma Dang ta
lanh
dao nhan dan ta chien dau lau dai, ben bi, Ian
lupt
danh bai tung am muu
ciia dich de tie'n len danh bai hoan toan
cuoc
chien tranh xam lupc ciia thye
dan
Phap

co sy
giiip
sue ciia MT.
Sy lanh dao cua Dang, dung dau la
Chii
tich Ho Chi
Minh
voi duong 161
each
mang dung dan da
giiip
cho toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta doan
ke't mpt long, chien dau vi myc tieu doe lap dan tpc va
chii
nghla xa hpi. Toan
Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta chien dau voi
tinh
than "Tha hi sinh tat ca chu
nha't djnh kh6ng chju mat nuoc, nha't djnh khong chiu lam n6 \q". Voi
tinh
than
ay,
cupe
chien dau dii lau dai, dya vao
siic
minh
la chinh nhung ehiing ta
da gianh dupe th^ng Ipi cuoi cung, bupc thye dan
Phap
phai

e6ng
nhan doc
l^p
chii
quyen, thong nha't va toan v^n lanh tho ciia ba
nuoc
D6ng Duong.
Vi
du,
dethi
theo
cau
true
cau 7:
Phan
tich
chu
triamg
dieu
chinh
chien
lirac
each
mang
the
giai
ciia
Quae
teCong
san tqi Dai hoi Ian thu VU (7 -

1935J.
Nguyen
nhan
dan tai chu
truang
do.
Vai
denay
yeu cau hoc
sinh
phai
trinh bay noi
dung:
Mot la, Chu
truang
dieu
chinh
chick
luoc
cdch
mtnig
thegiai:
Xae
dinh
ke thu nguy hiem truoc mil ciia nhan dan the
gioi
khong phai la
chii
nghla
de'quoc

noi chung, ma la ehii nghTa phat xit.
De ra
nhi^m
vu
each
mang the
gioi
la dau tranh chong ehii nghTa phat xit va
nguy
CO
chien tranh the'gioi do ehii nghla phat xit gay ra.
Chii
truong thanh lap mat tran nhan dan o cae nuoc, nham tap hpp rpng rai
lye lupng dan ehii.
Hai la, Nguyen nhan dan toi ehii truong do:
Do sy xua't hien ciia
chii
nghla phat xit va nguy co chien tranh the'gioi.
De giai quye't nhi>ng hau qua ciia
cuoc
khiing
hoang
kinh
te'1929
- 1933, khi
ehii
nghla phat xit tam
thoi
thang the o mpt so nuoc. Phong trao chong ehii
nghla phat xit phat trien nhieu noi tren the'gioi.

PhAn 2: LjCH SO VIET NAM
HIEN
DAI
C/iuy^n de I: VIET
NAM
TU
NAM
1919 DEN
NAM
1930
I.
CONG CUOC
KHAI
THAC THUOC DIA
LAN
THl/
HAI
CUA THl/C DAN PHAP
1.
Th\rc dan
Phap
tien hanh khai
thac
Vi?t Nam ngay sau Chien tranh the
gioi
thu nhat
• Qua
trinh
khai
thac

Idn thu hai:
Sau Chien tranh the
gioi
thu nhat (1914 -
1918),
de quoc
Phap
tuy la nude
thing
tran, nhung lai bj chien tranh tan pha nang ne,
kinh
te sa sut nghiem
trpng.
Them vao do,
cuoc
khiing
hoang
kinh
te trong the
gioi
tu ban chu nghla
cang
gay kho khan cho nen
kinh
tePhap.
Nham
han gan vet thuong chien tranh, bij dap nhung thiet hai do chien
tranh
gay ra, khoi phuc va ciing co dja vj trong thegiod tu ban
chii

nghla de
quoc
Phap
mot mat tang cuong boc lot nhan dan trong nuoc, mat
khac
day
manh khai
thac
boc lot thuoc dia.
Cuoc
khai
thac
thupc dja Ian thu hai ma thyc
dan
Phap
tien hanh 6 Dong Duong la nam trong y do do.
De tien hanh khai
thac
thupc dja Ian thu hai 6 Vi^t Nam,
Phap
tang cuong
dau
tu von vao Vi^t Nam voi quy mo va toe dp nhanh gap nhieu Ian so voi
trudc
chien tranh. Chi trong vong 6 nam (1924 - 1929) tong so von dau tu vao
Vi^t
Nam tang gap 6 Ian so voi 20 nam truac chien tranh (1898 -
1918).
Voi
so von do,

Phap
tap
trung
khai
thac
cac ITnh vuc sau:
Ve nong nghiep: thuc dan
Phap
day manh
vi?c
cuop da't, lap don dien, chu
yeu la don dien cao su. Tinh den nam 1930, di$n tich don dien do chu nguoi
Phap
nam gii> toi 1,2 trieu hec ta da't dai, bang 1/4 tong
dif
n
tich da't canh tac 6
Vi^t
Nam. Nhieu Cong ti Ian phuc vu cho vi^c khai
thac
cung Ian
lupt
ra dai:
Cong ti Da't do, Cong ti Mi so Lanh, Cong ti trong cay
nhi^t
doi
Ve cong nghiep: thuc dan
Phap
day manh khai
thac

mo (chii yeu la mo
than). Nhieu Cong ti than mai ra doi: Cong ti than Ha Long, Dong Dang, Cong
ti
than Dong Trieu
Ngoai
ra, tu ban
Phap
con mo them mpt so ca so cong nghiep khong c6 kha
nang canh tranh voi cong nghiep Phap, chu yeu la cong nghiep che'bien.
Ve thuong nghiep: de nam
chat
hon thj truong Vi^t Nam va Dong Duong,
Phap
ban hanh dao luat dong thuenang hang ngoai nhap nhat la hang Trung
Quoc va Nhat Ban.
Ve giao thong van tai:
Phap
tang cuong dau tu mo them nhieu tuyen duong
nham phuc vu dac luc cho vifc chuyen cho nguyen vat li#u cung nhu luu
thong
hang hoa trong npi dja va voi nuoc ngoai. ^
*
Diem
mm
trong
chucmg
trinh
khai
thac
thuoc

dia Idn thii hai:
Tap
trung
von nhieu nhat vao nong nghifp (chii yeu la don dien cao su) va
khai
thac
mo (chu yeu la mo than).
' 'ill
Phap
con dau tu von vao cong nghiep nhe va thuong nghiep.
Lap ngan hang Dong Duong de nam quyen chi huy
kinh
te.
Dat ra cac thu thue'moi nhu: thue'rupu, thue'muoi, thue thuoc phien
Tuy
vay,
kinh
te
Vif
t
Nam ve co ban van khong c6 gi thay doi,
Phap
he't sue
han chephat trien cong nghiep, nhat la cong nghi?p nang, nham cpt
chat
kinh
te Dong Duong 1$ thupc vao
kinh
te
Phap

va bien Dong Duong thanh thj
truong
dpc chie'm ciia Phap.
2. Tac dpng ciia cupc khai
thac
thupc dia Ian thu hai ciia thyc dan
Phap
doi
voi nen
kinh
te va xa hpi Vi?t Nam
*
Vekinh
te
Qua
trinh
khai
thac
thupc dja ciia
Phap
o Viet Nam lam cho nen
kinh
te'Vi^t
Nam
CO
su chuyen bien theo huong tu ban. Chinh su tham nhap ciia phuang
thuc san xuat tu ban chu nghla dan toi su tan ra dan cua nen
kinh
te'ty nhien,
ty

cap, ty tiic 6 nong thon. Nen
kinh
te'hang hoa, do do co dieu ki^n de phat trien.
Tuy
nhien, do muc dich ciia thuc dan
Phap
bien Viet Nam thanh thj truong
cung ung nguyen vat
li^u
va tieu thu hang hoa, nen tac dyng ciia phuang thuc
san xuat tu ban
chii
nghla du nhap vao cung chi han che.
Mat
khac,
Phap
van tie'p tuc duy tri quan h# san xuat phong kien 6 Vi^t
Nam,
tie'p tyc su dyng giai cap dja
chii
phong kien. Vi vay, Vi^t Nam khong
con la nuoc dpc lap va khong the co nen
kinh
te'dan tpc phat trien binh thuong
len
tu ban
chii
nghla, ma tro thanh mpt nuoc thupc dja niia phong kien. Hay
noi
tom lai, nen

kinh
te Viet Nam
Iiic
bay gio la nen
kinh
te dan xen ton tai
phuong
thuc san xuat tu ban
chii
nghla va phuong thuc san xuat phong kien.
Va suy cho cung, do la nen
kinh
te nong nghiep lac hau, que quat 1? thupc vao
nen
kinh
te'Phap.
*
Vexa
hgi
Dudi
tac dpng ciia cupc khai
thac
thupc dja Ian thu hai ciia thyc dan
Phap
lam
cho xa hpi Vi^t Nam bj phan hoa sau sSc. Ben cgnh nhung giai cap cu van
con, gio day da xuat hi§n cac giai cap moi.
a. Doi voi giai cap cu:
Giai
cap

liia
chit
phon^
kick:
tiep tuc bj phan hoa va
chia
ra hai bo phan, moi
bo phan c6 thai do chinh tri
l<hac
nhau triroc ke
thij
va trong
cuoc
da'u tranh
dan toe.
Bo phan nho la dai dia chu, giau co ien nho dua vao
Phap,
chong iai
each
mang,
chung tro thanh dcTi tugng cua
each
mang.
Bo phan Idn la trung nong va tieu dja chu, bi
Phap
chen
cp, dung eham toi
quyen Igi, ncn it nhiou c6
tinh
than chong

dequoc,
tham gia phong trao yeu
nuoc
khi co dicu kiOn.
Giai
cap iwn^ dan:
nuoc
ta von dl la mot
nuoc
nong nghicp, nen nong dan
chiem 90% dan
MV.
Ho la nan nhan cua chinh
saeh
chiom doat ruong dat, chinh
sach
suu thue, dja to, phu phcn, tap dich ducVi
che'do
phong kieh. Ho tie'p tuc
bj ban cung hoa va bj pha san trcn quy mo rong Ion.
Do bj ap buc, hoc lot nang no boi thue dan va phong kieh nen nong dan Viet
Nam giau long yeu
nuoc,
co
tinh
than chong
dequoc
va phong kieh, la luc
lugng
hang hai va dong dao nhat cua

each
mang.
b.
Doi
vcSi
eae giai cap va tang lop moi:
Giai
Clip
tir siiii: giai cap tu san Viet Nam ra doi vao nhung nam dau sau khi
Chien tranh the gioi
tint
nhat ket thiie. Trong qua
trinh
phat frien, giai cap lu
san Viet Nam phan hoa thanh hai bg phan: Mot bg phan la tu san mai ban co
quyen Igi gdn voi
dequoc,
nen cau ket
chat
che ve chinh Irj voi chung. Mot bg
phan
khac
la tu san dan toe co khuynh hucVng
kinh
doanh doc lap, phat trien
kinh
te dan toe, nen it nhieu co
tinh
than dan toe, dan chu chong
dequoc

va
phong kieh, nhung lap truong cua hg khong kien
dinh,
de dang thoa hiep, eai
iuong
khi
dequoc
manh.
TrtJiy l&p tic'ii tie siiii: ra doi eimg
Ihoi
gian vcji giai cap tu san. Tang lop tieu
tir
san eiing bi
dequoc
bae dai, khinh re, doi
song
bap benh, gap nhieu kho
khan, de bj x6 day vao eon duong pha san va that nghiep. Tang lop tieu tu san
nhay ben v()i
tinh
hinh chinh trj, co
tinh
than
each
mang, hang hai dau tranh va
la
mgt luc lugng quan (rgng cua
each
mang dan toe, dan chu 6
nuoc

ta.
Giai
cap
coii;^
iiliait:
ra doi trong
euge
khai
thae
thuge dia Ian thu nha't va
ngay
eang
phat trien xe scYlugng va
chat
lugng trong
euge
khai
thae
thuge dja
Ian thiV hai cua thue dan
Phap:
tir 14 van
(1914)
Ien den 22 van
(1929).
Cong
nhan Vi^t Nam cung chiu nhieu tang ap buc, boe lot nen
cugc
song cua hg v6
CLing

khon kho.
Ngoai nhung dac diem cua giai cap
cong
nhan
quoc
te^ giai cap
cong
nhan
Viet Nam con eo nhung dac diem rieng:
n
Bi ap buc boe lot nang ne nhat, nen eo
tinh
than
each
mang cao nhat.
Co quan he tu nhien gSn bo voi giai cap nong dan.
Ke thua truyen thong yeu
nuoc,
anh himg bat khuat cua dan toe.
Dac biet, vua Ion len, giai cap
cong
nhan Viet Nam da tie'p thu
ngay
chu
nghla Mac - Lenin, anh huong
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga va phong trao
each

mang thegioi sau chien tranh.
Giai cap
cong
nhan Viet Nam voi hoan
canh
ra doi va phat trien, eiing voi
nhiing
dac diem cua minh, la giai cap yeu
nuoc,
each
mang, eiing voi giai cap
nong dan tro thanh hai luc lugng chinh cua
each
mang, trong do giai cap
cong
nhan Viet Nam nSm lay nggn eo lanh dao
each
mang giai phong dan tgc va
giai
phong giai cap.
3. Thai dp chinh tri va kha
nang
each
mang
cua cac giai cap
trong
xa hpi Vi^t
Nam sau chien
tranh
Moi

giai cap va tang lop xa hgi co dja vj va quyen Igi
khac
nhau, nen co thai
do chinh tn
khac
nhau trong
euge
dau tranh dan tgc va dau tranh giai cap.
Giai cap dja chu phong kieh: mgt bg phan Ion cau ket voi thue dan
Phap
de
huong dac quyen, dac Igi, tro thanh doi tugng eiia
each
mang. Bg phan nho
(dja chii vua va nho) co
tinh
than yeu
nuoc
se tham gia phong trao da'u tranh
chong
Phap
khi co dieu kien.
Giai cap tu san: tu san mai ban, quyen Igi gSn lien voi
dequoc
vi vay thai
dg
chinh trj cua hg la phan dgng, la ke
thii
cua
each

mang; con tu san dan tgc it
nhieu co
tinh
than dan tgc, dan chu chong de
quoc
va phong kien, nhung
khong kien
dinh,
de thoa hiep, eai luong.
Tang lop tieu tu san: eo
tinh
than yeu
nuoc,
tinh
than chong de
quoc,
phong
kieh
cao, hang hai tham gia
each
mang va la lyc lugng quan trgng trong
each
mang
dan tgc, dan chu 6
nuoc
ta.
Giai cap nong dan: la giai cap bj ap biic, boc lot n|ing ne nen hg giau long
yeu
nuoc,
la luc lugng dong dao nhat cua

each
mang Vi?t Nam.
Giai cap
cong
nhan: la giai cap yeu
nuoc,
each
mang, la
life
lugng lanh dao
each
mang Viet Nam.
II.
PHONG TRAO DAN TQC DAN CHU 6
VIET
NAM Tl/ NAM 1919 DEN
NAM
1925
1. Tac
dpng
cua tinh hinh the giai va
trong
nuoc
doi v6i
each
mang
Vi?t Nam
trong
nhung
nam 1919 -1925

a.
Tinh
hinh
the
giai:
Nam 1917,
each
mang v6 san Nga thanh cong, Ian dau tien trong Ijch su
nhan loai, nhan dan lao dgng Nga lat do hoan toan ach thong trj cua giai cap
BSidu&n^
H5G L/ch Su 12 - The. Trirmi^ Nr^oc
Thai
boc Ipt (phong kien va tu san) dua cong nhan va nong dan len 4ia vj nam
chi'nh
quyen xay dung che'dg moi - che'dp xa hgi
chii
nghla. Duoi anh huong
cua
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga, phong trao giai phong dan tpc 6 cac nuoc
thupc dja va phong trao cong nhan o cac nuoc de'quo'c phat trien manh me va
gan bo mat thiet voi nhau trong cupc dau tranh chong
chii
nghia de quoc.
Tu
nam 1918 - 1923, do hau qua cua Chien tranh the
gioi
thu nhat va tac

dpng
ciia
Cach
mang thang
Muoi,
a cac nuoc tu ban cao trao
each
mang v6 san
biing
len manh me. Giai cap v6 san
buoc
len vu dai chinh tri, tu trong cao trao
each
mang cac dang cpng san dupe thanh lap 6 nhieu nuoc nhu a Due, Ao,
Hunggari,
Ba Lan, Phan Lan, Achentina. Su ra dai ciia cac dang cpng san dat ra
yeu cau phai eo mot to
ehuc
quoc te de tap hpp luc lupng va
chii
dao theo mpt
duong
161 dung din. Thang 3 - 1919, Quoc teCpng san dupe thanh lap ra sue
giiip
do phong trao
each
mang v6 san va phong trao giai phong dan tpc tren
the
gioi
phat trien.

Dae bi?t la su thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Phap
(1920)
voi nhOng dong gop
ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc tao ra nhirng thuan Ipi cho
each
mang Vi?t Nam
Nam
1921, Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc thanh lap va phong trao
each
mang
Trung
Quoc phat trien trong thap nien 20 tao dieu ki^n thuan Ipi cho nhOng
nguoi
Vi^t Nam dung chan va gay dung phong trao
each
mang trong nuoc.
NhCrng
chuyen bien moi ciia
tinh
hinh
the
gioi
c6 anh huong Ion den sy
phat trien phong trao giai phong dan tpc Vi?t Nam.
Cac trao luu tu tuong tien bp ben ngoai dupe truyen ba vao
Vift
Nam. Cy
the, chu nghla Mae - Lenin dupe truyen ba vao Vi?t Nam thong qua tai
lif

u
ciia
Dang Cpng san Phap, Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc, dae bi?t la hoat dpng cua
Nguyen
Ai Quoc 6 nude ngoai. Tu tuong dan
chii
tu san dupe truyen ba vao
nuoc ta, nhat la tu tuong Tam dan ciia Ton Trung Son.
h.
Tinh
hinh
trong
nuac:
Do chuong
trinh
khai
thac
thupc dja lan thu hai ciia thuc dan Phap, xa hpi
Viet
Nam c6 su phan hoa sau sac. Ben canh nhung giai cap cu van eon ton tai,
eae giai cap moi ra doi, phan hoa.
Nhirng
giai cap moi do la co so vat
chat
de
tiep
thu tu tuong moi vao nude ta (tu tuong tu san va tu tuong v6 san) cpng
vdi
su tac dpng ciia
each

mang the
gioi
da lam cho phong trao yeu nude Vi?t Nam
mang mau sac mdi ma nhiing phong trao yeu nude trude kia khong he cd dupe.
2. Mpt so hoat dpng yeu nuoc trong nhung nam 1919 - 1925
a.
Hoat
dong
cua
Phan
Boi
Chau
Phan Bpi Chau
chii
truong bao dpng vu trang danh
duoi
Phap, xay dung mpt
che dp chinh trj mdi d Vi§t Nam. Nam 1904, Phan Bpi Chau thanh lap hpi Duy tan.
La ngudi to chiic phong trao Dong du, dua thanh thieu nien
sang
Nhat hpc tap de
chuan bi luc luong chong Phap. Thang 3 - 1909, Phan Boi Chau bj tryc xuat
khdi
nude Nhat. Thang 6
-1912,
ong thanh lap Vi^t Nam Quang phyc hpi.
Phan Bpi Chau la ngudi vuon len lien tuc de dat muc tieu giai phdng dan
tpc nhung tat ca deu bj that bai. Sau
thdi
gian hoat dpng d Nhat Ban va Trung

Quoc khong thanh, Phan Bpi Chau bj bpn quan
phi^t
Trung Quoc bat giam tu
nam 1913, den nam 1917 mdi dupe tha tu do.
Dudi
anh hudng ciia
Cach
mang thang
Mudi
va su ra ddi ciia nude Nga
Xo viet da bat dau den vdi ong nhu mpt anh
sang
mdi. Cam
tinh
vdi nude Nga
Xo viet, cudi nam 1920, Phan Bpi Chau djch ra
chii
Han cudn
Dieu
tra
chan
tuong
Nga La Tu ciia mpt tac gia Nhat Ban, viet
Truyen
Pham
Hong
Thdi,
ngpi ca
tinh
than yeu nude, hi sinh anh dung ciia ngudi thanh nien hp Pham.

Thang 6 - 1925, trong khi chua the thay ddi dupe to chuc, thay ddi phuong
lupc
dau tranh thich hpp vdi bien chuyen mdi ciia dat nude va
thdi
dai thi
Phan Bpi Chau bj thuc dan
Phap
hit tai Thupng Hai (Trung Quoc) dua ve
nude, bj ket an tu roi dua ve an tri d Hue. Tu dd trd di, Phan Bpi Chau khong
the tien theo nhjp song dau tranh mdi ciia dan tpc.
b. Su
chuyen
bien
trong
tu
tuong
cm
nuoc
cua
Phan
Bgi
Chau
Dau
the ki XX, phong trao giai phong dan tpc Viet Nam phat trien len mpt
bude mdi theo khuynh hudng dan
chii
tu san, giai phdng dan tpc gan lien vdi
giai
phdng xa hpi. Dai bieu cho khuynh hudng eiiu nude mdi la Phan Bpi
Chau, Phan Chau

Trinh.
Phan Bpi Chau (1867
-1940),
sinh ra trong gia
dinh
cd truyen thong nho hpc
d
Nam Dan - Nghe An, dupe dao tao theo khudn mau
"Trung
quan
di
quoc",
yeu nude thuong dan sau sac, sdm tham gia chong Phap
Tu
nam 1883 den 1901 ong hudng theo ngpn cd Can
vuang
chong Phap: viet
Hich
binh
Tdy
(1883),
lap dpi Si tie Can
vuang
(1885),
nam 1900, ong do giai
nguyen, cd
"danh"
de thuc hi^n chi nguy^n
ciiu
nude, nam 1901 muu bao dpng

cudp thanh Ngh^ An nhung bj Ip
Nam
1902, ong hk dau cupc hanh
trinh
tim ngudi ciing chi hudng: ra Bae,
vao Nam tim dong chi , tiep can tu tudng dan
chii
tu san qua tan van, tan
thu ,
tu tudng cuu nude ciia ong bat dau chuyen bien theo hudng
mdi
Nam
1904, ong lap Duy tan hpi vdi muc tieu: "Danh Phap,
khdi
phyc Vi?t
Nam,
lap chinh
phii
dpe lap, ngoai ra chua cd ehii nghla gi khae", dua Cudng
De, con chau hoang tpc lam
minh
chii.
Nam 1905 - 1909 ong thuc hi?n phong
trao Dong du. ' - I'
ilMlfl

3Si
di/Chi^
HSG Ljch SCr 12 - The. TrL/an^
Ngpc

Thai
Nhirng
boat
dpng do danh dau su chuyen bien trong tu tuong ciia Phan Bpi
Chau
tu qnCm chii clini/cn chO'sang
quan
chii lap hien: muan danh nghla hoang
toe de tap hop luc lupng.
Nam
1911, each mang Tan Hoi Trung Quoc thang ipi, ong hudng ve Trung
Quoc ,1912 lap Vict Nam Qiiang phiic hoi voi myc dich "Danh Phap,
khoi
phuc
Viet
Nam, lap
cong
hba dan
quoc"
Tu do ong doan tuy^t voi tu tuong
quan
chii,
chuyen
tu
quan
clu'i lap
hien
sang
cong
hoa lit adn , day la buoc tie'n quan trpng

trong qua trinh hoat dpng cuu nude cua Phan Bpi
Chau.
Nam
1917, Cach mang thang
Mudi
Nga thSng Ipi den voi ong nhu luong
anh
sang mdi. Tuy chua trd thanh ngudi cong san nhung ong c6 cam tinh voi
nude Nga X6 viet, dat niem tin vao su thang Ipi ciia
chii
nghla cong san, niem
tin
vao lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qud'c.
Nam
1925, khi chua the thay ddi dupe to chuc, phuong phap dau tranh
thich
hpp vdi su chuyen bien mdi ciia dat nude va thdi dai, ong bj Phap bat
giam long tai Hue.
c. Hoat dong cua Phan Chau Trinh
Phan
Chau
Trinh
la lanh tu ciia phong
trao
cai each dan
chii.
Ong
chii
truong phe phan che'dp thupe dia, vua quan, ho hao cai each xa hpi; nang cao
dan

tri, dan quyen, tie'n tdi cuu nude. Phan
Chau
Trinh
da di kh^p tinh Quang
Nam
va den cac tinh Trung Ki de van dpng cai each. Cupc van dpng duy tan
ciia
Phan
Chau
Trinh
dien ra dudi
nhieii
hinh
thuc phong
phii.
Phong
trao
Duy tan dang phat trien ngay cang sau rpng thi bj thuc dan
Phap dan ap di> dpi. nam 1908, Phan
Chau
Trinh
bj an tu ba nam d Con Dao.
Nam
1911, thuc dan Phap dua ong sang Phap. Suot 14 nam song d trung tam
chau Au, Phan
Chau
Trinh
van giu dudng Id'i cai each, keu gpi dan quyen, dan
sinh,
dan khi.

Vao
dau nam 1922, Phan
Chau
Trinh
den Mae-xay. Nhan djp vua
Khai
Djnh
sang du cupc trien lam thupe dja khuye'eh truong cai gpi la "cong lao
khai
hoa" ciia Phap, Phan
Chau
Trinh
viet Thai
die'u
thw vaeh ra 7 tpi dang
chem ciia
Khai
Djnh.
Phan
Chau
Trinh
con to chuc dien thuyet len an che'dp
quan
chii
va quan truong d Viet Nam, tie'p tuc ho hao "Khai dan tri,
chan
dan
khi, hqu dan
khi"
Thang

6 - 1925, Phan
Chau
Trinh
ve nirdc. Mac du sue khde da yeu ong van
tie'p tuc hoat dpng, da pha che'dp quan
chii,
de cao dan quyen. Nhieu tang Idp
nhan
dan, nha't la thanh nien rat men mo va hudng
ling
hoat dpng ciia Phan
Chau
Trinh.
d. Hoat dong cua tu san va
tie'u
tu san
Ngay tu khi mdi ra ddi, tu san Vi^t Nam da to chuc cupc tay chay tu san
Hoa
Kieu
(1919)
d mot so tinh va thanh phd'nhu Sai Gdn, Ha Npi, Hai Phong,
Nam
Dinh d
Ha Npi ed cupc van dpng ngudi
Vi?t
Nam chi mua hang cua
ngudi
Vict
Nam.
Nam

1923, dai
chii
va tu san
Vi?t
Nam dau tranh chong tu ban Phap dpc
quyen
cang Sai Gdn, dpc quyen xua't cang
liia
gao Nam
Ki.
Ngoai ra, giai cap tu san da diing bao chi de benh vuc quyen Ipi cho minh
trong phong
trao
chdng dpc quyen.
Mpt
so tu san va dia
chii
Idn d Nam Ki (Bui Quang
Chieu,
Nguyen Phan
Long.) da tap hpp nhau lai thanh mpt to chuc cd ten la Dang Lap
hien
(1923).
Co
quan ngon luan ciia Dang lap hien la to Dien dan Dong Duong va Tieng doi
An
Nam. Khi dupe thuc dan Phap nhupng bp cho it quyen Ipi (chu cho tham
gia Hpi dong Quan hat Nam
Ki),
hp da thda hiep vdi chiing.

Sau
chie'n tranh, cac tang Idp tie'u tu san tri thuc (gom
sinh
vien truong Cao
dSng
Ha Npi, hpe
sinh
va cac giao vien cac trudng, vien chuc, nha van, nha
bao v v ) sdi ndi dau tranh ddi quyen tu do dan
chii.
Giiia
nhCrng nam 20, cd nhieu thanh nien yeu nude sang Quang
Chau
(Trung
Quoc) tim dudng cuu nude. Nam 1923, hp thanh lap to chuc Tam tam xa.
Mpt
so to chuc chinh trj nhu Viet Nam
nghia
doan.
Hoi Phuc Vict, Dang Thanh
nien ra ddi vdi nhieu hoat dpng phong
phii
sdi dpng (mit tinh, bieu tinh, bai
khoa
V V ).
Nhieu to bao tie'n bp Ian lupt ra ddi. Bao tieng Phap ed cac to
Chuong re. An Nam Ire, Ngudi nha que; bao tieng Viet cd td Huu
thanh,
Tieng dan,
Dong

Phap
then
bao, thuc
nghiep
dan
bao Hp
lap ra nhijng nha xua't ban tien bp nhu
Nam
dong
thuxa (Ha
Npi),
Cuang hoc thuxa (Sai
Gdn),
Quan tai lung thu (Hue)
Trong
phong
trao
yeu nude dan
chii
cong
khai
hoi do ed mpt so su
kifn
ndi
bat la cupc dau tranh ddi nha cam quyen Phap tha Phan Bpi
Chau
(1925),
cac
cupc truy dieu, de tang Phan
Chau

Trinh
(1926).
Rieng d Sai Gdn, dam tang
Phan
Chau
Trinh
da thu
hiit
khoang 14 van ngudi tham du.
e. Cac cuoc dau tranh ciia cong
nhan
Nhirng
nam dau sau chien tranh, cac cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan tuy con
le
te va tu phat nhung da ndi len y thuc giai cap dang phat trien nhanh chdng
lam
CO
sd cho eac td chuc va phong
trao
chinh trj cao hon ve sau. Ngay tu n5m
1920, cong nhan Sai Gon - Chp Ldn da thanh lap cong hpi (bi mat) do Ton Due
Thang
diing dau.
Cac
cupc dau tranh ciia cong nhan va thiiy
thii
Phap tren eac tau Phap ghe
;
nhu-jcacrupe^aii^tranh ciia
17

vao cang Hai Phong
(1919)
va S^'f^fy(|9^^j^^?p*|f^^
cong nhan va thuy
thvi
Trung
Quoc
tai cac cang Ion Huang Cang, Ao Mon,
Thirgng
Hai
(1921)
da gop phan c6 vu, dgng vien cong nhan Vi?t Nam hang
hai
da'u tranh.
Nam
1922, cong nhan va vien
chuc
cac so cong thuong cua tu nhan a Bac Ki
doi
chu tu ban nguoi
Phap
phai cho hp nghi ngay chu nhat c6 tra luong. Cung
nSm do con c6
cupc
bai cong cua cong nhan cac nha may d^t, rugu, xay xat gao
d
Nam Djnh, Ha
Npi,
Hai Duong
v.v

Thang 8 - 1925, thg may xuong Ba Son tai cang Sai Gon khong chju sua
chiia chien ham Mi-so-le cua
Phap
truoc khi chien ham nay cha
linh
sang
tham
gia dan ap phong trao da'u tranh
each
mang cua nhan dan va thuy
thii
Trung
Quoc. Cupc bai cong no ra voi yeu
sach
doi tang luong 20% va phai de cho
nhijng
cong nhan mat vi^c lam dugc tro lai lam vi^c. CUQC bai cong Ba Son
thang Igi danh da'u
buoc
tien moi ciia phong trao cong nhan
Vi^t
Nam.
4. Nhan
dinh
ve phong trao dau tranh trong nhimg nam 1919 -1925
a.
Phong
trao
giai
cua cap tu sdn dan toe

Doi
mpt so' quyen Igi ve
kinh
te: giai cap tu san dan tgc nhan da lam Sn
thuan
muon vuon len gianh lay vj tri kha hon trong
kinh
te Vi?t Nam sau
chien tranh.
Doi
cac quyen tu do dan chu: cung voi hoat dpng
kinh
te^ giai cap tu san
dan
tpc da dung bao chi de benh vuc quyen Igi ciia
minh.
Mpt so' tu san va dja
chii
Ion Nam Ki dai bieu la Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan Long dung ra to
chuc
Dang Lap hieh de tap hgp luc lugng, roi dua ra mpt so khau
hi^u:
Doi
t\
do,
dan
chu de tranh
thii
su ung hp ciia quan chiing, lam ap luc doi voi Phap.
Cac phong trao cua giai cap tu san dan tpc the hi^n

rinh
chat:
da'u tranh theo
khuynh
huong dan
chii
tu san, cac hoat dpng cua hp mang
tinh
chat
cai luong,
thoa hi^p.
b.
Phong
trao
cua cac
tang
lap
tie'u
tu sdn 1
Cho'ng cuong quyen, ap buc, doi cac quyen ty do, dan
chii.
Cac tang lop tie'u tu san da the
hif
n
long yeu nuoc cua
minh
bang nhieu
each.
Ngoai vi^c tham gia vao cac phong trao yeu nuoc, dan chu cong khai
liic

bay gio, hp da tap hpp nhau lai trong nhirng to
chuc
yeu nuoc moi, tien hanh
da'u
tranh c6 to
chuc.
Nhieu
to
chuc
chi'nh trj yeu nuoc ciia tri thuc Nha van, Nha bao, Nha giao,
hpc sinh, sinh vien da ra doi nhu; Tan Vi?t Thanh nien Doan
(1923)
Vift
Nam
Nghia
Doan
(1925)
Hpi
Phuc
Vi^t
(1925)
Dang Thanh nien
(1926)
Cac to
chuc
da cho ra doi nhCrng to bao tien bp, nhu
Chuong
re. An Nam tre,
Nguai
nha

que
lap ra
nhiing
nha xua't ban tien bp, nhu
Cuang
hoc thu xa
i»
WVJ
/< II II I III I ^ y ,
(Sai Gon), Nam
Dong
thie
xa (Ha
Npi)
Hp dung
sach
bao lam phuong ti?n truyen
ba tu tuong yeu nuoc, tien bp, neu quan diem lap truong chinh trj ciia
minh.
Trong
cao trao yeu nuoc luc bay gio c6 ba su kien tieu bieu nhat: vu Pham
Hong
Thai muu sat toan quyen Mec-lanh, vu doi tha Phan Bpi Chau va vy de
tang Phan Chu
Trinh.
Thang 6 - 1924, toan quyen Dong Duong la Mec-lanh
sang
Nhat va Trung
Hoa,
am muu ca'u ke't voi chinh quyen

phan
dpng hai nuoc nay de pha hogi
each
mang Viet Nam. Tarn Tam xa giao cho Pham Hong Thai
nhi^m
vu tru
khu
ten thyc dan dau so. Cupc muu sat khong thanh, nhung hanh dpng ciia
Pham Hong Thai da gay tie'ng vang Ion 6 trong va ngoai nuoc, gio'ng nhu
"canh chim bao hieu mua xuan" vua c6 tac dung c6 vu, vua thiic day phong
trao yeu nuoc.
Phan Bpi Chau la nha yeu nuoc, hoat dpng
each
mang tu dau the'ki XX. Sau
Chien tranh the'gioi
thii
nhat, Phan Bpi Chau tie'p tuc hoat dpng 6 Trung Quoc.
Giua nam 1925, ong bj thuc dan
Phap
bat o Thupng Hai va bi mat dua ve nuoc
giam
6 Hoa L6 (Ha Npi) voi am muu sat hai eu. Nhan dan ea nuoc da'u tranh
bupc thyc dan
Phap
dua ey ra xet xii cong khai, tha bong va giam long 6 Hue
cho den khi mat
(1940).
Cung
hoat dpng voi Phan Bpi Chau, dau the'ki XX c6 Phan Chau
Trinh.

Khi
vv
chong thue'o Nam Ki xay ra
(1908)
Phan Chau
Trinh
bj bat va bj day di Con
Dao ba nam. Den ngay 24 - 3 - 1926, eu Phan Chau
Trinh
qua doi sau mpt
thoi
gian
6'm nang tai Sai Gon. 14 van nguoi da xuong dua cy ve noi an nghi cuo'i
cung. Sau dam tang, khap Bac Trung, Nam deu to ehiie le
truy
di^u.
Nhin
chung, Phong trao da'u tranh
ciia
giai cap tu san dan tpc tuy the hi^n
long
yeu nuoc nhung mang
tinh
chat
thoa
hifp,
cai luong va ngay xa roi di
den cho doi lap voi quan chiing. Tie'ng noi va hoat dpng
ciia
tieu tu san manh

me hon nhieu, ehiia dyng nhieu yeu to tien bp, dupe quan chiing
ling
hp, song
Cling
khong the dua
cupc
da'u tranh den thang
Ipi,
do thie'u duong 161 chinh trj
diingdan.
c.
Nhung
mat
tich
cue va han
checua
phong
trao
-
Phong
trao
cua
giai
cap tie sdn dan tpc:
Ti'eh cue: giai cap tu san dan tpc Vi^t Nam da c6 co gang trong vi^e da'u
tranh
chong su canh tranh,
ehen
ep ciia tu san nuoc ngoai.
Han

che: cac hoat dpng ciia hp chi mang
tinh
chat
cai luong,
gioi
han trong
khuon
kho ciia che dp thye dan, phuc vu quyen Ipi ciia cac tang lop tren va
nhanh chong bj phong trao quan chiing
vupt
qua.
19
-
Phong
trao
cua
tang
lap
tieu
tu sdn:
Tich cue: c6 tacdung thuc
tinh
long yeu nuoc, truyen ba tu tuong tu do dan
chu trong nhan dan, truyen ba nhung tu tuong
each
mang moi.
Han
che: ho
ehua
to

chuc
thanh chinh dang nen dau tranh mang
tinh
chat
xoc noi, a'u tn.
5, Giai quyet van de dan
tQC,
dan chu trong nhung nam 20 ciia the ki XX
a. Hoan
canh
lich su
*
Trong
nucfc:
Nam
1858, thuc dan
Phap
xam luge
nuoc
ta, van de giai phong dan tgc
dugc dat ra cho toan the dan toe. Nhieu
cuoc
dau tranh chong thuc dan
Phap
cuoi ciing bj that bai.
Den nam 1858, thuc dan
Phap
chinh thuc dat ach thong trj do ho
nuoc
ta,

van de dan toe lai tro nen cap thie't. Luc nay cac phong trao dau tranh giai
phong dan toe do giai cap phong kien lanh dao ma tieu bieu la phong trao Can
vuong
cung bj that bai. Nhiem vu gii>a
nuoc
va giai phong dan toe
chua
dugc
giai
quyet. Cho nen, muon cuu nuoc, muon giai phong dan toe, khong the lam
nhu
cij, phai c6 con duong
ciiu
nuoc
moi.
* The
giai:
Su thanh cong cua
cuoc
cai
each
Minh
Trj 6 Nhat Ban nam 1868 da c6 tac
dpng
manh me vao cac bac sT phu yeu
nuoc
6 Viet Nam.
Cuoc
van dong Duy tan 6 Trung
Quoc

dau the ki XX da true tiep Ian truyen
vao cac the he yeu
nuoc
Viet Nam.
h.
Phuong
huanggidi
quyet
van
dedan
toe
trong
nhung
nutn
20 cuu the hi XX.*
Dai
di?n la hai bac sT phu yeu
nuoc
Phan
Boi Chau va
Phan
Chau Trinh.
Phan
Boi Chau chii truong giuong cao ngon c6 dan toe, truoc het phai tap
trung
cho van de giai phong dan toe, sau do se lam nhiem vu dan
chii.
Bien
phap giai quyet van de dan toe cua
Phan

Boi Chau la dua vao Nhat de danh
Phap,
dong thoi thuc
hif
n
cai
each
duy tan
theo
guong Nhat.
Phan
Chau Trinh thi neu cao nhiem vu danh phong kien, thuc hien dan
sinh, dan chu, sau do moi danh
Phap,
giai phong dan toe.
Phan
Boi Chau xem van de dan toe la dieu kien de xay dung nen dan
chii,
con
Phan
Chau Trinh thi xem dan chii la tien de de thuc hien nhiem vu dan tgc.
Con duong giai phong dan toe ciia
Phan
Boi Chau va
Phan
Chau Trinh cuoi
ciang cijng bj that bai, lam cho
each
mang Viet Nam "duong nhu nam trong
dem toi, khong c6 duong ra".

6. Dac diem cua phong trao yeu
nuoc
dau the ki XX
Phong trao chju su tac dgng ciia
cuoc
khai
thac
thuoc dja Ian thu nhat cua
thuc dan
Phap.
Cupc
khai
thac
nay lam cho co cau
kinh
te^ xa hoi Vi^t Nam eo
20
Cty
TNHH
MTV DWH Khang Vi^t
nhieu bien chuyen. Xa hoi Viet Nam hinh thanh nhung giai cap va tang lop
moi
nhu tu san dan toe, tieu tu san, cong nhan. Nhieu sT phu yeu
nuoc
6 Vi?t
Nam
cung c6 nhung chuyen bien ve tu tuong.
Su tac dong ciia cac trao luu tu tuong ben ngoai, tieu bieu la Nhat Ban va
Trung
Quoc,

lam cho
each
mang Viet Nam c6 nhung net moi,
khac
truoc, do la
phong trao chuyen tu khuynh huong phong kien
sang
khuynh huong dan chii
tu
san.
Dong luc cua phong trao: khong chi c6 nong dan ma con eo cac luc lugng
moi
tham gia nhu tu san, tieu tu san, cong nhan, sT phu yeu nuoc, binh
linh
nguoi
Viet trong quan doi
Phap.
Hinh
thuc dau tranh: ben
canh
cac
cuoc
dau tranh via trang, con xua't hien
cac hinh thuc dau tranh chinh trj, ngoai giao, cai
each
xa hoi.
Quy mo phong trao rong Ion, thu hut dugc nhieu tang lop nhan dan tham gia.
Muc tieu dau tranh nh^m danh duoi thuc dan
Phap
de gianh doc lap dan

tgc va thuc hien dan sinh, dan chu.
III.
HOAT DQNG YEU
Nl/6C
CUA NGUYEN AI QUOC
1.
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
tu chu
nghia
yeu
nuoc
den voi chu
nghla
Mac - Lenin,
tim ra con
duong
cuu
nuoc
dung dan
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
sinh ra va Ion len trong mot gia
dinh
nha nho
ngheo,
yeu
nuoc, tren que huong giau truyen thong
each

mang. Lon len trong hoan
canh
nuoc
mat nha tan, lai dugc ehung kien cac
cuoc
dau tranh cua cac bac tien boi
bj tha't bai. Tat ca da hun due trong long Nguyen Ai
Quoc
long yeu
nuoc
non
nang va quyet tarn ra di tim duong cuu nuoc, cuu dan.
Qua nhieu nam bon ba 6 hai ngoai de tim duong cuu nuoc, cuu dan. Dau
tien
Nguoi den
nuoc
Phap
roi di cac
nuoc
A, Phi, Mi Latinh. Den nam 1917,
khi
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga thang Igi, Nguoi tu Luan Don (Anh) ve Pari
(Phap)
de nghien cuu, hgc tap
Cach
mang thang
Muoi

Nga.
Ngay 18 - 6 - 1919, thay mat nhung nguoi Viet Nam yeu
nuoc
tai
Phap,
Nguoi
giri
den Hoi nghj
Vecxai
Ban i/cn
sdch
cua
nhan
dan An Nam. Ban yeu
sach
doi Chinh
phii
Phap
va cac
nuoc
dong minh thua nhan cac quyen tu do,
dan chu va quyen binh dang ciia nhan dan An Nam.
Thang 7 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
dgc ban Sa
thdo
Ian Ihu
nhat
luan
citang

ve
van
dedan
toe
thuoc
dia cua V.I. Lenin dang tren bao
Nhan
dao ciia Dang Xa hgi
Phap.
Luan cuong ciia Lenin da
giiip
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
kh^ng djnh muon cuu
nuoc
va giai phong dan tgc la phai di
theo
con duong
each
mang vd san.
I Thang 12 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tham du Dai hgi dai bieu toan
quoc
ciia
bang xa hoi
Phap
tai thanh pho Tua. Nguoi da dung ve phia da so dgi bieu bo
3St duOn^ HSG L/ch Si} 12 - Tha. Truofig Ngpc Thai
phieu tan thanh gia nhap

Quoc
teCpng san va thanh lap Dang Cong san
Phap.
Den day Nguyen
Quoc Quoc
da the hi^n hanh dpng cua minh la quye't tarn di
theo
con duang
each
mang v6 san. Sau do, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
cang
ti'ch cue ho^t
dpng
va tie'p tuc hoc tap, nghien cuu If luan ve con duong
each
mang thuoe dja
de truyen ba vao Vi?t Nam.
* Nhan
dinh
ve con duong tim
chan
li ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
Cac bac tien boi ma tieu bieu la
Phan
Boi Chau da chon con duong cihi
nuac
do la di
sang

phuong Dong chii yeu la Nhat, vi a do da tung dien ra
cupc
cai
each
Minh
Trj 1868 lam cho Nhat thoat khoi so phan mot
nuoc
thuoe dja; vi
Nhat da danh bai de
quoc
Nga trong
cupe
chien tranh Nga - Nhat (1904
-1905)
va Nhat eon la
nuoc
"dong van dong chiing" vai
Vift
Nam. Doi tupng ciia
Phan
Bpi Chau gap go la nhung chinh khach Nhat de xin hp
giiip
Viet Nam
danh
Phap.
Phuong phap ciia cu la van dong, to
chue
giai cap, cung cac tang
lop
tren de huy dpng luc lupng da'u tranh bao dong.

Con Nguyen Ai
Quoc
lua chpn huong di
sang
phuong Tay, noi dupe m?nh
danh eo tu tuong tu do, binh dang bac ai, c6 khoa hoc ki thuat, eo nen van
minh
phat trien.
Cach
di ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
la di vao tat ca cac giai cap, tang
lop,
di vao phong trao quan chiing
giac
ngp, doan ket hp dung len dau tranh
gianh doe lap that su, bang sue manh ciia minh la chinh. Nguoi luon de cao
hpc tap, nghien
ciiu
li luan va
kinh
nghi^m
each
mang moi nhat ciia thoi dai de
tren eo so do bat gap
chan
li
Cach
mang thang
Muoi

Nga. Day la con duong
cuu
nuoc
duy nhat
diing
dan doi voi dan toe ta, cCing nhu doi vol cac dan tpc
thupc dja va phu thupc
khac,
vi no phu hop voi su phat trien cua Ijeh su.
2. Hoat dpng ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
ve vi^c chuan bi ve chinh
tri,
tu tuong va
to
chuc
cho s\ ra doi chinh dang v6 san o Vi?t Nam
Sau khi tie'p nhan chii nghla Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong ciru
nuoc
diing
dan, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tich cue
hoat
dpng
nhSm
truyen ba chii nghla Mac -
Lenin vao trong nuoc. Qua
trinh
nay

trai
qua cac thai ki sau :
*
Thai
ki a
Phap
(1920 - 1923)
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tich cue
hoat
dpng trong phong trao cong nhan
Phap,
tranh
thii
su
ling
hp ciia giai cap cong nhan
Phap
doi voi
Vif
t
Nam.
Nguoi
tham gia Hpi
"Nhirng
nguoi yeu
nuoc
tai
Phap"

van dpng kieu bao
ling
hp da'u tranh giai phong dan tpc.
Nguoi
cung mpt so nha yeu
nuoc
d cac thupc dja
Phap,
sang
lap hpi "Lien
hi?p cac dan tpc thupc dja"
(1921)
de gay
tinh
doan ket giua
each
m^ng Vi?t
Nam
voi
each
mang the
gioi.
CtyTNHHMTVC>)r/H
Khang Vi^
Nguoi
tham gia xay dung bao "Le
Pa-ria"
"Nguoi ciing kho" vao nam 1922.
Nguoi
con vie't nhieu bai dang tren bdo "Nhan dao", "Doi

song
cong nhan".
Tieu bieu nhat la cuon Ban an
chedo
thuc
dan
Phap.
Nhirng
sach
bao do Nguoi viet, mpt mat to cao tpi ac ciia bpn de
quoc,
nhat
la de
quoc
Phap
6 Dong Duong; mat
khae
khich 1^ long yeu
nuoc
cho dong
bao, tuyen truyen chii nghla Mae - Lenin van dpng quan chiing da'u tranh.
*
Thai
ki a Lien Xo (1923 - 1924)
Giua 1923, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
bi m|t roi
Phap
sang
Lien X6 du hpi nghj

Quoc
te nong dan
(10-1923).
Sau do, Nguoi o Lien X6 mpt thoi gian ngan de
hoat
dpng
trong
Quoc
te Cpng san, hpc tap them ve ly luan ciia chii nghla Mac -
Lenin va thuc tien ve
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga.
Trong thoi gian nay, Nguoi vie't nhieu bai dang tren bao " Su that" Co quan
ngon luan ciia Dang Cpng san Lien X6, "Thu tin
quoc
te*' ca quan ngon luan
ciia
Quoc
te Cpng san.
Thang 7
-1924,
Nguoi du Dai hpi V ciia
Quoc
teCpng san va dpe tham luan
tai
Dai hpi,
trinh
bay quan diem ciia minh ve vi tri chien lupc eiia

each
mang
thupc dja, moi quan h$ giiia phong trao cong nhan 6 cac
nuoc
de
quoc
voi
phong trao
each
mang d cac
nuoc
thupc dja, ve vai tro va sue mgnh to Ion ciia
giai
cap nong dan o cac
nuoc
thupc dja.
NhCrng
hoat
dpng ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trong thai gian nay chii yeu tren m|t
tr^
tu tuong - chinh trj nham truyen ba chii nghla Mae - Lenin vao
nuoc
ta. ' •
*
Thai
ki d Trung
Quoc
(1924 - 1927)

Thang 11 - 1924, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tu Lien X6 ve Quang Chau (Trung
Quoc)
de tap hop nhCrng nguoi yeu
nuoc
o Vi^t Nam, truyen ba,
giao
due cho hp chii
nghla Mac - Lenin.
Dau tien Nguoi tim hieu va cai to Tam Tarn xa thanh Hpi Vi#t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien
(6-1925).
Nguoi
sang
lap bao "Thanh nien"
(1925).
Cung voi
nhieu nha
each
mang cac nuoc, Nguoi tham gia
sang
lap "Hpi lien hi?p cac
dan tpc bi ap biic 6 A Dong" de gay
tinh
doan ket giua
each
mang cac
nuoc

trong
khu vuc.
Tai Quang Chau (Trung Quoc), Nguoi da mo nhieu lop huan
luy^n
va da
dao tao dupe 75 can bp cho
each
mang Vi?t Nam. Nhung bai giang ciia Nguoi
sau nay tap hop lai trong cuon Dif&ng
kdch
menh
dupe xuat ban 6 Trung
Quoc
vao nam 1927.
Nhung
hoat
dpng ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da eo tac dung quye't djnh trong
viee
chuan bj ve chinh trj, tu tuong va to
chue
cho
vi?c
thanh l^p chinh dang
:^.„.cua
giai cap v6 san a Vi^t Nam.
BSidLfdn^
H5G
Lich

eCr 12 - The. TrLrong Ngpc Thai
3. Qua trinh
chuyen
bien ciia
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
tir mpt chien si yeu
nuoc
tro
thanh
mpt chien si
cpng
san
-
TiV
mot
chiC'it
s7
I/I'H
nuvc:
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
sinh ra va Ion len trong mot gia
dinh
nha nho
ngheo,
yeu
nuoc,
tren que Huong giau truyen thong

each
mang. Lon len trong hoan
canh
nuoc
mat nha tan, lai dugc chung kien cac
cupc
da'u tranh cua cac bac tien boi
bj that bai. Tat ca da hun due trong long Nguyen Ai
Quoc
long yeu
nuoc
nong
nan va quye't tam ra di tim duong cuu
nuoc,
cuu dan.
Qua nhieu nam bon ba 6 hai ngoai de tim duong cuu
nuoc,
cuu dan. Dau
tien
Nguoi den
nuoc
Phap
roi di cac
nuoc
A, Phi, MT Latinh. Den nam 1917,
khi
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga thang Igi, Nguoi tir Luan Don (Anh) ve Pari

(Phap)
de nghien cuu, hoc tap
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga.
Roi den
ngay
18 - 6 - 1919, thay mat nhung nguoi Viet Nam yeu
nuoc
tai
Phap,
Nguoi gui den Hoi nghi
Vecxai
Biiu yen
sack
cm
nhan
dan An Nam. Ban
yeu
sach
doi Chinh phu
Phap
va cac
nuoc
dong minh thira nhan cac quyen tu
do,
dan chu va quyen binh dang ciia nhan dan An Nam.
Nhu
vay, tu nam 1911 den dau 1920, la thoi ki Nguyen Ai

Quoc
tro thanh
chien sT yeu
nuoc.
- Tra
thanh
mot
chien
si con^ san: qua
trinh
chuyen tu chien sT yeu
nuoc
tro
thanh chien sT
cong
dugc danh da'u b^ng thoi ki Nguyen Ai
Quoc
den voi chii
nghia Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong
ciiu
nuoc
dung din, do la con duong
each
mang v6 san. Nguyen Ai
Quoc
quye't tam dua
each
mang Viet Nam di
theo
con duong nay. Dieu do dugc the hien:

Thang 7 nam 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doc ban So
thdo
Ian thu
nhat
luan
citang
vevan
dc dan toe
thuoc
dia ciia V.I. Lenin dang tren bao
Nhan
dqo ciia Dang Xa
hgi
Phap.
Luan cuong cua Lenin da giup Nguyen Ai
Quoc
khSng
djnh muon
ciiu
nuoc
va giai phong dan toe la phai di
theo
eon duong
each
mang v6 san.
Thang 12 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tham dir Dai hgi dai bieu toan

quoc
ciia
Dang Xa hgi
Phap
tai thanh phoTua. Nguoi da dung ve phia da so dai bieu bo
phieu tan thanh gia nhap
Quoc
te'Cgng san va thanh lap Dang Cong san
Phap.
Den day Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da the hien hanh dong ciia minh la quye't tam di
theo
eon duong
each
mang v6 san. Sau do, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
eang
tich cue
hoat
dgng va tiep tuc hgc tap, nghien
ciiu
li luan ve con duong
each
mang thuoc dja
de truyen ba vao Viet Nam.
Tir
nam 1921 den nam 1923, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tiep tuc

hoat
dgng 6
Phap.
Nguoi
cung voi mot so nguoi yeu
nuoc
ciia Angieri, Maroe, Tuynidi lap ra Hp;
Hen /ij'tT cac dan tgc thuoc dja 6 Pari de doan ket cac li,rc lugng
each
mane
Cty TNHH MTV
PWI
Khang
Vift
chong chii nghla thuc dan. Co quan ngon luan ciia Hgi la bao
N^itai
cun^ kho
do Nguoi lam chu nhiem kiem chii
biit.
Nguoi con vie't nhieu bai cho cac bao
Nhan
dao (ciia Dang Cong san I'hap), dai son^ con^
nhan
va dac biet la cuon
Ban an
chedo
thuc
dan
Phap.
Cac

sach
bao
ncSi
tren dugc bi mat chuyen ve Viet Nam
da gop phan thiic day phong trao dan tgc trong
nuoc
phat trien manh me hon.
Tir
nam 1923 den 1924, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
hoat
dgng 6 Lien X6. Tai day,
Ngutri
du Hoi
n<^hi
Quoc
te'Non^
dan (thang 10 - 1923) va duge bau vao Ban
Chap
hanh Hgi. Nguoi 6 lai Lien X6, viia nghien
ciiu,
hgc tap, vie't bai cho bao
Sif
that
ciia Dang Cong san Lien X6, tap chi Thw tin
Quoc
tecita
Quoc
te'Cgng
san. Tai Dai hgi

Quoc
te'Cgng san Ian
thir
V
(1924),
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trinh
bay
lap truong quan diem cua minh ve vj tri chien luge ciia
each
mang cac
nuoc
thuge dja, ve moi quan he giua phong trao
cong
nhan 6 cac
nuoc
de'quoe
voi
phong trao
each
mang 6 cac
nuoc
thuge dja.
Tir
nam 1924 den 1925, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
hoat
dgng 6 Quang Chau (Trung
Quoc)

de true tiep dao tao can bg, xay dung to chiic
each
mang, truyen ba li
luan
each
mang giai phong dan tgc vao Viet Nam. Thang 6 - 1925, tai Quang
Chau (Trung
Quoc)
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
nhom hgp nhung thanh nien yeu
nuoc
Vi^t
Nam trong to ehiic Tam tam xa roi di den thanh lap Hgi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien de truyen ba chii nghla Mac - Lenin ve trong
nuoc.
Nhu
vay, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tim ra con duong
ciiu
nuoc
dung dan, den cho
huong dan nhan dan ta thuc hien con duong
each
mang v6 san
theo
quan
diem ciia ehii nghia Mae - Lenin. Do chinh la thc7i ki Nguyen Ai

Quoc
tro
thanh chien sT
cong
san.
4.
Nhirng
cong
hien cua Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doi voi
each
mang Vi?t Nam trong
thai
gian tii 1911 den 1930.
Den voi chu nghla Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong
ciiu
nuoc
dung din (ket
hgp dgc lap dan tgc voi chii nghia xa hgi, gan
each
mang Viet Nam voi
each
mang thc'gioi).
Chuan bi ve chinh trj tu tuong va to
chue
cho si^ thanh lap Dang Cgng san
Vi^t
Nam
ngay

3 -2 - 1930.
Chii
tri Hgi nghj hgp nhat ba to chiie cgng san de thanh lap Dang Cgng
san Viet Nam.
Viet va thong qua Cuong
linh
trj dau tien ciia Dang. Xac djnh duong 161
dung
cho
euge
da'u tranh giai phong dan tgc, duoi su lanh dao ciia Dang.
* Con^
hien
to Ian
nhat
tron^;
qua trinh
hoat
dou;^ cm
N^^uyen
Ai
Quoc
dcS la deh
voi
chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong eiru
nuoc
diing
dan - con duong
,
each

mang v6 san.
BSi dLf&ng HSG Ljch Su 12 - The.
Tnrong
Ngpc
Thai
Sau mpt thoi gian bon ba 6 hai ngoai, Nguai vua khao sat thuc tien
each
mang cac nuoc vua di tim con duong cuu nuoc cho dan
tQC
Vi?t
Nam. Den
thang
7 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doc so thao Luan cuang ciia Lenin ve van de
dan toe va thuoc dia. Den day Nguoi da tim ra con duong cuu nuoc dung dan
cho dan toe Vi^t Nam, do la eon duong
each
mang v6 san. Nguoi quye't
tarn
dua
each
mang Viet Nam di theo con duong nay. Nguoi khang
djnh:
"Muon
cuu
nude, muon giai phong dan tpc, khong c6 con duong nao khae eon duong
each
mang v6 san". i
Tu

viec
tim ra con duong cuu nuoc dung dan va xac djnh
each
mang Viet
Nam phai di theo con duong
each
mang v6 san de roi Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tiep
tyc hoat dong truyen ba eon duong nay vao Vi?t Nam, tren co so do chuan bi
ve tu tuong chinh tn va to chuc cho su thanh lap Dang, roi tien den thanh lap
Dang
Cong
san Viet Nam de lanh dao
each
mang Viet Nam di dung quy d^o
ciia
eupc
each
mang v6 san.
Nhu
vay, vi^c tim ra eon duong
each
mang dung dan no eo tac dung quye't
djnh
doi voi thang \q'i eiia
each
mang Vi^t Nam. Chinh vi the^ day la
eong
hien

Ion
nhat ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doi voi dan toe
Vi?t
Nam trong qua
trinh
hoat
dpng cuu nuoc ciia minh. ,
6. Nhung npi dung co ban cua tac pham Dudttg kdch menh ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
Cach mang la su nghiep cua quan chiing gom sT, nong, cong, thuang trong
do
eong
- nong la goe
each
mang con hpc tro, nha buon nho, dien
chii
nho la
bau
ban cua
eong
- nong.
Cach mang phai co dang theo
chii
nghla Mae - Lenin lanh dao. Dang co
vung moi thanh
eong,
cQng nhu nguoi cam lai co vimg thuyen moi chay.
Cach mang cua moi nuoc la mot bp phan cua

each
mang
quoc
te. Can phai
doan ket va tranh
thii
su giiip do ciia giai cap v6 san va cac dan toe bj ap bue
tren
the gioi, song truoe he't phai dua vao sue manh cua chinh minh.
Cach mang giai phong dan toe la mpt bp phan ciia
each
mang
thai
dgi -
each
mang v6 san. Cach mang dan tpc phai gan lien voi giai phong nhan dan
lao dpng, giai phong giai cap
eong
nhan. Do la su nghiep to Ion, lau dai. Chi co
giai phong giai cap v6 san moi giai phong dupe dan tpc. Ca hai
eupc
each
mang nay la sy nghiep ciia
chii
nghla epng san va
each
mang the gioi.
Sach neu ro mpi nguoi phai dong tam,
hif p
luc, phai co to ehiic va phuong

phap da'u tranh diing de danh do giai cap thong tri
chii
khong phai la am sat
ca nhan.
Tac pham Ducmg
kdch
mcnh
da vu trang li luan
each
mang cho can bp ciia
Hpi^i(ft
Nam Cach m^rig Thanh nien tuyen truyen vao giai cap cong nhan va
Cty
TNHH
MTV PWH
Khan^
Vi^
cac tang lop nhan dan Vi^t Nam, chuan bj kT ve tu tuong va to chiic cho vi#c
thanh
lap Dang
Cong
san Viet Nam.
IV. SV"
CHUYEN
HOA CUA
PHONG
TRAO
YEU
Nl/OC
6 VIET NAM

TRONG
NHi^NG
NAM CUOI THE KY XIX DAU THE Ki XX
Nam 1858, thuc dan
Phap
tan
eong
Da N3ng, mo dau
eupc
xam lupc nuoc
ta,
trieu dinh nha Nguyen to ra bat luc truoc su xam lupc ciia thuc dan
Phap,
nhung
nhan dan ta van kien tri da'u tranh anh dung, cho'ng xam lupc. Nhieu sT phu
yeu nuoc da nhan thiic ro, muon bao v^ To
quoc
phai danh ca "Trieu Ian Tay".
Cupe
da'u tranh ciia nhan dan ta 6 niia cuoi the ki XIX, tieu bieu la phong
trao Can vuong chiing to rang: y thiie doe lap dan tpc trong nhan dan la bat
di?t nhung cuoi cung bj that bai do
che'dp
phong kien tro nen loi
thoi.
Vife
ling
hp mot ong vua, du la ong vua yeu nuoc cung khong the tap hpp dupe
dong dao quan ehiing nhan dan chong
Phap.

Vao dau the ki XX, sau khi binh djnh xong ve quan su, thuc dan
Phap
tien
hanh
khai thae thupe dja nuoc ta, cupe khai thae nay da lam cho xa hpi Vi^t
Nam
CO
nhiing bie'n doi sau sac: ben canh cac giai cap cii nhu dja ehii phong
kien
va nong dan van eon, gio day da xua't hi^n cac giai cap va tang lop moi
nhu
tu san dan tpc, tieu tu san va
eong
nhan. Su ehuyen bien sau sac ve
kinh
te^ xa hpi da tao nen mpt
tinh
the moi trong
eupc
da'u tranh giai phong dan tpc.
Vi
vay,
each
mang Viet Nam dau the'ki XX phai bao ham hai npi dung dan tpc
va dan
chii,
tiie la phai danh
de'quoe,
phong kien tay sai de giai phong dan tpc,
giai phong giai cap. Yeu eau ciia ljch su Viet Nam dau the ki XX bao ham npi

dung
sau sac hon, bao
trum
hon cuoi the'ki XIX.
Hon nii'a, vao dau the'ki XX, cupe
each
mang tu san 6 cac nuoc phuong Tay
phat trien manh me dan den su
hinh
thanh
chii
nghla tu ban, roi
chii
nghla de
quoc. Cung voi su phat trien do, phong trao da'u tranh ciia giai cap cong nhan
va nhan dan cac nuoc thupe dja phat trien manh me.
NhCrng dieu kien trong nuoc va su tac dpng ciia the gioi lam xua't hi^n trao
liru
moi trong vi^e xac djnh con duong
ciiu
nuoc khae con duong phong kien
truoc do. Nhieu sT phu yeu nuoc khong eon giuong cao ngpn co quan
chii
ma
huong ve cai
each
dan
chii.
Tuy nhien, tren con duong cuu nuoc nay cung xua't
hi?n

nhieu mau sMc, khuynh huong khae nhau. Con duong eiiu nuoc ciia Phan
Bpi
Chau
chii
yeu lay phuong thiic bao dpng vu trang de gianh dpc lap.
Vi^c xac djnh con duong eiiu nuoc ciia Phan Bpi Chau co nhieu diem moi,
Hen bp hon con duong
ciiu
nuoc phong kien truoe do. Phan nao phu hpp voi
yeu cau moi ciia thoi d^i.
Song,
con duong eiiu nuoc eiia Phan Bpi Chau cung
BdidiJ&ngHSGLjch
Sir 12- Thf,.
Tn/an^
Ngpc
Thai
bpc Ip nhieu non yeu, nhirpc diem vi, tu tuong dan chu tir san den dau the ki
XX khong con la tu tuong tien bo, khi he tu tuang v6 san da phat trien.
Con duong
ciiu
nuoc
ciia
Phan
Chau Trinh chu yeu la dua vao
Phap
de
thuc hien dan chu, thuc hien cai
each.
Con duong cuu

nuoc
ciia
Phan
Chau
Trinh
khong the thuc hien dupe trong
che'dp
thuoc dja nira phong kien nhu
Vi?t Nam vi, bon thuc dan
Phap
phai duy tri, nuoi duong bpn vua quan phong
kien
de lam tay sai trong vi^c dan ap, boc lot nhan dan ta.
Ngoai con duong cuu
nuoc
cua
Phan
Bpi Chau va
Phan
Chau Trinh con c6
cae
cupe
dau tranh co
tinh
chat
tu phat cua nong dan va cac dan toe it nguoi,
tieu
bieu la
cuoc
khoi

nghTa
nong dan Yen The. Roi phong trao dau tranh cua
giai
cap tu san dan toe va cua tang lop tieu tu
san
Nhin
chung cac phong trao yeu
nuoc
theo
khuynh huong phong kien cung
nhu
dan chu tu san da to ra bat luc, khong the dua
cupe
dau tranh giai phong
dan toe, giai phong giai cap den thang Ipi.
Cupe
khung hoang ve con duong
cuu
nuoc
ngay
cang
tram trpng, lam cho
each
mang Vi?t Nam "duong nhu
nam trong dem toi, khong c6 duong ra". Do la su khung hoang ve duong loi
chu khong phai khung hoang ve phong trao yeu nuoc, nhung do khiing hoang
ve duong loi nen phong trao yeu
nuoc
theo
do ma tha't bai.

Truoc su khung hoang ve con duong cuu
nuoc
nhu vay, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
quyet djnh ra di tim duong cuu nuoc, cuu dan. Truoc khi
buoc
chan
xuong tau
ngay
5-6-1911,
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da chuan bj cho minh nhCrng tien de tu
tuong xem xet cac con duong
ciiu
nude de Kra chpn huong di va dich toi cho
minh
mot
each
dung d5n.
Sau nhieu nam bon ba 6 hai ngoai, thang 7 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da tim
den chii
nghTa
Mac - Lenin, tim ra eon duong cuu
nuoc
dung d<1n, do la con
duong
each

mang v6 san. Nguoi khcing
dinh:
"Muon cuu nude, muon giai
phong dan toe, khong c6 con duong nao
khac,
con duong
each
mang v6 san".
Khi
da xac djnh dupe con duong eiiu
nuac
dung dan, Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
ra sue
hoat
dpng de dua vao Viet Nam nh^m lanh dao
each
mang
Vif
t Nam di
theo
eon duong
each
mang v6 san.
Su lua chpn con duong cuu
nuoc
cua Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da tao ra nhung tien
de, nhi>ng nhan to moi dua

cupe
dau tranh giai phong dan tpc vao quy dao
each
mang vo san. De truyen ba ehii
nghTa
Mae - Lenin vao
Vif
t Nam, dua con
duong
each
mang vo san vao
nuoc
ta, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da thanh lap Hpi Viet
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien, viet tac pham
Dubn'g
kdch
menh.
Thong qua Hpi
Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien va
Diimt;^
kdch
menh,
chu
nghTa

Mae - Lenin
Ian
lupt
dupe truyen ba vao Viet Nam.
jChi
chu
nghTa
Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng vao Viet Nam, nhat la
tir
nam 1928 tro di, lam cho phong trao cong nhan va phong trao yeu
nuoc
phat trien manh me, yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap vo san lanh dao.
Dap
uTig
y^'" '^^^
'i*^^
" ^'^^ ^^"^ ^^^^ *° ^^"'^
"^^^"S
nhung su
hoat
dpng rieng le ciia ba to chiic cpng san gay anh huong khong tot
cten
tien
trinh
each
mang. Vi vay, den dau nam 1930, tai Hpi nghj hpp nhat ba
to
chuc
cpng san tu ngay 6 -1 den ngay 7-2- 1930, Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam
ra ddi.

Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam ra ddi da lanh dao nhan dan ta dau tranh
theo
con dudng
each
mang v6 san ma Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
da lua chpn.
Qua 15 nam dau tranh chong thuc dan, phong kien nhan dan ta da viet nen
trang su ve vang cua
Cach
mang thang Tam nam 1945;
trai
qua 9 nam khang
chie'n lau dai, ben bi, nhan dan ta da lam nen chien thang Dien Bien Phii nam
1954, danh bai hoan toan chu
nghTa
thuc dan eu tren da't nude ta;
trai
qua
21 nam khang chie'n chd'ng MT xam lupc vdi dai thang Xuan nam 1975 da danh
cho "MT cut, nguy nhao", thu non
song
ve mot moi, dua ca nude tien len xay
dyng
chu
nghTa
xa hpi.
Tu
khi xac djnh dupe eon dudng cuu nude dung dan. Dang ta da lanh dao
nhan dan ta dau tranh

theo
con dudng
each
mang dd va da gianh dupe th^ng
Ipi
hoan toan.
Nhu
vay, qua
trinh
ehuyen hda tu phong trao yeu nude
theo
khuynh hudng
phong kien, roi khuynh hudng dan chu tu san va eud'i cung la khuynh hudng
vo san la qua
trinh
dau tranh lau dai, gian khd cua nhan dan ta. Day la qua
trinh
ehuyen hda hpp quy luat va xu hudng phat trien cua
thdi
dai nen chung
ta da gianh thang Ipi.
V.
VAI TRO CUA NGUYEN AI QUOC TRONG VIEC CHUYEN LAP TRLfONG
GIAI
PHONG DAN TOC THEO HlJONG VO SAN VA TRONG VIEC
CHUAN
BI
THANH
LAP DANG
a. Vai tro cua

Nguyen
Ai
Quo'c
trong
viec
ehuyen
lap
trudng
Nhi>ng nam hai muoi cua the ki XX, phong trao yeu nude d Viet Nam lam
vao
tinh
trang khung hoang dudng 16'i chinh trj va vai trd lanh dao mot
each
sau sic. Giua luc dd, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
- nguoi cpng san Viet Nam dau tien
xuat hien va trd thanh vj lanh tu d budc
ngoat
cua ljch sir, tuyen ba eon dudng
Clhi
nude mdi de giai phdng dan tpc: con dudng
each
mang vo san.
Sau
Cach
mang thang
Mudi
Nga nam 1917, tren thegidi da hinh thanh hai
con dudng phat trien xa hpi: chu
nghTa

tu ban va chu
nghTa
xa hpi, trong do
Van de dpc lap dan tpc gan lien vdi chu
nghTa
xa hpi dang dat ra cho cac nude
29
thuQC
dja can phai giai quye't. Trong
tinh
hinh do, moi dan tpc phai lya chgn
cho minh con duang phat trien
phii
hop voi thoi dai va dieu ki^n lich sir rieng
ciia minh. O Viet Nam, sir lua chon con duong dien ra suot thap ki 20 cua the
ki
nay. Do la qua
trinh
kiem nghiem Hen tuc ciia thuc te'khach quan doi voi cac
xu
huong, dang phai chinh trj de tim kiem mpt con duong dung nha't. Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
bang thien tai va
linh
cam nhay ben chinh trj ciia minh da nhan thuc
day du xu the cua thai dai va yeu cau cua Hch sir dan tpc, vuat qua tam nhirt
cua nhi>ng nguoi yeu
nuoc
duang thoi ve van de dan tpc. Van de dan tpc

khong chi c6 doc lap dan tpc, ma ca giai phong dan tpc va giai phong giai cap
Do do, Nguoi khong chpn kieu
Cach
mang MT
(1776),
cung khong
theo
kieu
each
mang dan chii tu san
Phap
(1789)
ma chpn con duang
Cach
mang thang
Muoi
Nga
(1917)
-
each
mang v6 san.
De thuc hien
viec
lira chpn con duong
each
mang do, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
phai
trai
qua mpt

cupc
hanh
trinh
tim duong cuu
nuoc
day gian kho. Nam 1911,
Nguoi
quye't dinh
sang
phuong Tay tim duong cuu nuoc, day la moc quan
trpng
danh da'u su lira chpn dau tien ciia Nguoi. Trong khi nhirng nguoi ciing
thai
di phuong Dong,
sang
Nhat Ban, Trung
Quoc
thi Nguyen Ai
Quoc
re loi
khac,
buac
quye't dinh nay la ket qua ciia qua
trinh
chuan bj ve nhan thuc tu tuang.
Con duong
sang
phuong Tay, voi nhung
boat
dpng thuc tien va li luan

phong
phii
da tao ra nhung nhan to moi dua Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tie'p can
chan
li
ciia thoi dai de c6 su lira chpn con duong ciiu
nuoc
diing
dan. Qua muoi nam
boat
dpng (1911 - 1920) Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da den nhieu
nuoc
khac
nhau tren
cac luc dja A, Phi, Mi Latinh va tu bie'n minh thanh nguoi v6 san. Trong qua
trinh
do, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da
riit
ra dupe ket luan sau sac rang: a dau bpn de
quoc
va thuc dan cung tan bao, doc ac, 6 dau nguoi lao dpng cung bi ap biic,
boo Ipt nang ne. Nhirng nhan thuc moi me nay
cang
nung na'u suy nghT giai

phong dan tpc va mo uoc quyen
song
ciia nhung nguoi ciing kho ma Nguoi da
tran
tro trudc luc xua't duong,
cang
thoi thuc Nguoi quye't tarn tim con duang
giai
phong dan tpc.
Giira
nam 1917, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tro lai
nuoc
Phap,
Nguoi lao vao hogt
dpng
chinh trj va nghien cuu
each
mang tu san
Phap.
Nhung vai
kinh
nghiem
rut
ra tir quan sat va
boat
dpng thuc tien, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tha'y giai cap tu san

khong con la giai cap tien bp ciia thoi dai. Do do, Nguoi khong di
theo
Cach
mang MT,
Cach
mang
Phap
ma phai tim con duong
each
mang
khac.
Day la
quye't djnh quan trpng trong qua
trinh
lira chpn con duong ciru
nuoc
ciia
Nguyen Ai
Quoc.
•in
Cuol nam 1917,
Cach
mang thang Muoi Nga thanh cong, Chien tranh the
giai
thir nhat sap ket thiic, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
ban hoan
chao
don
Cach

mang
thang Muoi Nga, mac dau luc do Nguoi
chua
hieu gi ve
cupc
each
mang nay.
Thang 6 - 1919, cac
nuoc
de
quo'c
thang tran hpp Hpi ngbi Vecxai, nhan
danh la nguoi An Nam yeu nuoc, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
giri
den Hpi nghj ban yeu
sach
doi cac quyen tu do dan chii, binh dang va dan tpc tir quye't cho nhan dan
ta. Mac dau khong dupe bpn
de'quoc,
nhat la
de'quoc
Phap
chap
nhan nhimg
ban yeu
sach
da lam
chan
dpng the gioi va vang dpi ve

nuoc
tao ra
buac
chuyen trong phong trao giai phong dan tpc.
Thang 7 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
dupe dpc so
thao
Luan cuong ciia Lenin
ve van de dan tpc va thupc dja dang tren bao Sir that. Den day Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
da tim ra con duang
each
mang dung dan cho dan tpc
Vift
Nam, do la
con duong
each
mang v6 san. Roi thang 12 - 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tham du
Dgi
hpi ciia Dang Xa hpi
Phap
hpp 6 thanh pho Tua, bo phieu tan thanh
Quoc
te Cong san va gia nhap Dang Cpng san
Phap.
Nhirng sir kien do chung to
rang, den nam 1920, Nguyen Ai

Quoc
ket thiic
chan
duang tim phuong cuu
nuoc, qua
trinh
lira chpn con duong cuu
nuoc
diing
dan.
Nhu
vay, qua
trinh
tim kiem con duang ciiu
nuoc
ciia Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
la
qua
trinh
hoc tap, khao sat, nghien cuu, kiem nghiem li luan va thuc tien day
gian kho, phiic tap. Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da ket hop dupe hai yeu to dan tpc va thai
d?i
de chpn con duong cuu
nuoc
thich hpp vai sir phat trien ciia Ijch sir dan tpc.
Do la con duong
each

mang v6 san, con duang
theo
chii nghla Mac - Lenin.
b. Vai tro cua
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
doi vai qua
trinh
van
dong
chuan
hi
thanh
lap
Dang
Cgng
san
Viet
Nam
Sau thoi gian dai ra di tim duang ciiu nuoc, den nam 1920, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da den vai chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tim ra con duang cuu
nuoc
diing
d^n
cho
each
mang
Vif

t
Nam, do la con duong
each
mang v6 san.
Khi
tim den chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tim ra con duong ciiu
nuoc
diing
dan,
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tie'p tyc
boat
dpng de truyen ba chu nghia Mac - Lenin ve
Vi^t
Nam. Qua
trinh
boat
dpng do la:
Nam
1921, cung voi mpt so nguoi yeu
nuoc
ciia Angieri, Maroc, Tuynidi
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
lap ra Hp;
lien
hiep
cac dan tpc thupc dja 6 Pari de doan ket
cac lyc lupng

each
mang chong chii nghia thuc dan. Co quan ngon luan cua
Hpi
la bao
Ngieai
cung
kho do Nguoi lam chu nhi^m kiem chu
biit.
Nguoi con
Viet nhieu bai cho cac bao
Nhan
dqo (cua Dang Cong san
Phap),
Dai
song
cong
nhan
(cua Tong Lien doan Lao dpng
Phap)
va dac biet la cuon Ban an
chedo
31
thtiT
dan Phdf). Cac
sach
bao noi tren
dvtgc
bi mat chuyen ve Vi^t Nam da gop
phan
thiic day phong trao dan toe trong nuoc phat trien manh me hon.

Thang 6 - 1923, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
bi mat roi nuoc
Phap
sang
Lien X6 dy Hoi
n^^lii
Quoc
tc'NCnt;^ dan (thang 10 - 1923) va dupe bau vao Ban Chap hanh Hpi.
Nguoi
a lai Lien X6, vua nghien
ciiu,
hpc tap, vic't bai cho bao Su
that
ciia Dang
Cpng
san Lien X6, tap chi Thu tin
Quoc
tccua
Quoc
teCpng san. Tai Dai hpi
Quoc
teCpng san Ian thu V
(1924),
Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trinh
bay lap truong quan
diem
ciia

minh
ve vj tri chien lupc ciia
each
mang cac nuoc thuoc dja, ve moi
quan h^ giua phong trao cong nhan 6 cac nuoc de
quoc
voi phong trao
each
mang 6 cac nuoc thuoc dja.
Ngay 11 - 11 - 1924, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
den Quang Chau (Trung Quoc) de
true
tie'p dao tao can bp, xay dung to
chuc
each
mang, truyen ba li luan
each
mang giai phong dan toe vao Viet Nam.
Thang 6 - 1925, tai Quang Chau (Trung Quoc) Nguyen Ai
Quoc
nhom hpp
nhirng
thanh nien yeu nucVc Vi^t Nam trong to chiic Tam tam xa roi di den
thanh
lap Hoi Viet Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien de truyen ba
chii
nghia Mac -

Lenin
ve trong nuoc.
NhOng
boat dpng ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tu nam 1920 den nam 1925 c6 tac
dung
chuan bj ve tu tuong ehinh trj va to
chuc
cho sy thanh l|p Dang Cpng
san ViQtNam (3-2-
1930).
Chii
nghia Mae - Lenin dupe truyen ba rpng rai vao Vi^t Nam lam cho
phong
trao cong nhan va phong trao ycu nuoc phat trien manh me, doi hoi
phai
CO
ehinh dang eua giai cap vo san lanh dao. Dap ung yeu eau khach quan
Ijch
su do 6 Viet Nam Ian
Urpt
xuat hien ba to
chuc
cong san; Dong Duong
Cpng
san dang. An Nam Cong san dang va Dong Duong Cong san lien doan.
Nhung
su boat dpng rieng re eua ba to ehiie cpng san gay anh huong khong
tot

den tien
trinh
phat trien ciia
each
mang Vi^t Nam.
Truoe
tinh
hinh
do, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
lien roi
khoi
Xiem
sang
Trung
Quoc
de thong nha't cac to
chuc
cpng san.
Voi
chuc
trach la phai vien ciia
Quoc
te'Cpng san c6 quyen quyet djnh mpi
van
de lien quan toi phong trao
each
mang 6 Dong Duong. Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trieu

tap dai bieu eiia Dong Duong Cong san dang den
Ciru
Long de ban vi^e
thong
nha't Dang.
Tu
ngay 6 - 1 den 7 - 2 - 1930, Hpi nghj hpp nha't Dang hpp 6 Cuu Long
(Huong
Cang)
do Nguyen Ai
Quoc
chvi tri. Hpi nghj nha't tri hpp nha't ba to
chuc
cpng san thanh mpt dan^ duy nha't lay ten la Dang Cpng san^yi^t Nam.
32
i^uy iivnn iviir tii lyiiaiiif
VI.
PHONG
TRAO
DAN TQC DAN CHU 6
VlfT
NAM TU" 1925 DEN
NAM
1930
1. Sv va
boat
dpng cua cac to
chuc
Hpi Vift Nam Cach
mang

Thanh
nien. Tan
Vif
t
each
mang
dang va Vi?t Nam Quoc dan
dang.
a) Hqi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang
Thanh
nien
Sau khi ve den Quang Chau (Trung Quoc), Nguyen Ai
Quoc
mo lop huan
luyen
dao t^io can bp. Phan Ion hpc vien la thanh nien, hpc sinh, tri thuc Vi?t
Nam
yeu nuoc. Nguyen Ai
Quoc
lua chpn mpt so thanh nien tich eye trong
Tam tam xa de to
chuc
thanh nhom Cpng san Doan (2
-1925).
Thang 6
-1925,
Nguyen Ai
Quoc

thanh lap Hpi
Vif
t
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh
nien
nham to
chuc
va lanh dao quan chiing doan ket lai, kich liet tranh da'u de
danh
do
dequoc
chii
nghia
Phap
va tay sai de tu cuu
minh.
Thong qua Bao
Thanh
nien
la co quan ngon luan
trung
uong ciia Hpi do
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
sang
lap va pham
Duong

Kdch
menh
dupe xuat ban nam 1927.
Bao
Thanh
nien
va
sach
Duong
Kdch
menh
da trang bj li luan
each
mang cho
can bp ciia Hpi
Vift
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien de tuyen truyen giai cap cong
nhan va cac tang lop nhan dan Vi?t Nam.
Tir
cuoi nam 1928, sau khi c6
chii
truong "v6 san hoa", nhieu can bp ciia
Hpi
da di sau vao cac nha may, xi
nghif
p,
don dien ciing lao dpng va song voi
cong nhan de tuyen truyen va van dpng

each
mang. Phong trao quan chiing
phat trien manh me.
b)
Dang
Tan Vi^t
Ngay 14 - 7 - 1925, mpt so tii ehinh tri cu 6 Trung Ki cung mpt nhom sinh
vien
Truong Cao
ding
6 Ha Npi lap ra Hpi
Phuc
Vi?t
(1925)
sau do doi thanh
Hpi
Hung
Nam.
Thang 7 - 1926, Hpi doi ten thanh Vi^t Nam
each
mang dang va den thang
7
-1927,
lai doi ten la Vi^t Nam
each
mang dong chi hpi. Hpi da nhieu Ian ban
de hpp nha't voi Hpi
Vif
t
Nam

Cach
mang Thanh nien song khong thanh.
Den 14 - 7 - 1928, Hpi hpp Dai hpi t^i Hue^ quyet djnh doi ten thanh Dang
Tan
Vif
t.
Dang Tan Viet
chii
truong lanh dao quan chiing 6 trong nuoc va lien lac voi
cac dan tpc bj ap buc tren the'gioi de danh do
dequo'c
chii
nghia nham thiet ,
lap mpt xa hpi binh dSng va bac ai. Dang tap hpp
nhiing
tri thuc nho va thanh
nien
tieu tu san yeu nuoc. Dja ban hoat dpng
chii
yeu 6 Trung Ki.
Dang Tan Vi?t ra doi va hoat dpng trong dieu
kifn
Hpi Vi?t Nam
Cach
j
mang Thanh nien phat trien manh nen tu tuong
each
m^ng ciia Nguyen Ai
3,^
Quoc va duong 161 cua Hpi c6 anh huang cuon hiit nhieu dang vien tre, tien

tien aia Dang Tan Vi§t.
Mpt
so'
dang vien tien tien da chuyen sang Hpi
Vi?t
Nam Cach mang Thanh
nien.
So dang vien tien tien con lai thi tich cue chuan bi de tien tai thanh lap
mpt chinh dang
theo
tu tuong each m^ng ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc, cua hpc thuyet
Mac -
Lenin.
c) Vift Nam Quoc dan
dang
i
Vi?t
Nam Quoc dan dang
duQ^c
thanh lap ngay 25 -12
-1927.
Hat nhan dau
tien ciia Dang la Nam dong thu xa, mpt nha
xuat
ban tien bp do Ph^m Tuah
Tai
lap ra dau nam 1927.
Vi^t
Nam Quoc dan dang do Nguyen
Thai

Hpc, Pho Due
Chinh
sang lap
la
mpt chinh dang
theo
khuynh hudng each m^ing dan
chii
tu san, dai bleu cho
tu san dan tpc
Vi^t
Nam.
Liic
moi thanh lap. Dang chua c6 myc dich ton chi ro r|t ma chi neu chung
chung la: "Truoc lam dan tpc each mang, sau lam the gioi each mang".
Ve
sau, myc dich ciia Dang la doan ket lye lupng de:
- Day manh each mang dan tpc
- Xay dyng nen dan chu
true
tiep
-
Giiip
do cac dan tpc bj ap buc
Ban
chuong trinh hanh dpng ctia Dang cong bo nam 1929 da neu nguyen
tac ciia Dang la: "Tu do - Binh
dang
- Bdc ai".
Chuong

trinh
boat
dpng cua Dang chia thanh 4 thoi ki euol cung la bat hpp tac
v6i
Chinh
phii
Phap va trieu dinh nha Nguyen, c6 dpng bai cong, danh duoi
gi$c
Phap, danh do ngoi vua, thie't lap dan quyen.
Vift
Nam Quoc dan dang chu truong tien hanh "each mang bang sat va
mau", chu trpng lay lye lupng
chii
luc.
To
chuc
CO
so cua Dang trong quan chiing rat it. Dja ban
hoat
dpng cua Dang
chi
bo h§p trong mpt so'dja phuong 6 Bac
Ki
con 6
Trung
Ki
khong dang ke.
* So sanh ba to chuc yeu nuoc each mang: Hpi
Vi?t
Nam Cach m^ng

Hpi
Vi?t
Nam Cach
mang Thanh nien
Dang
Tan
Vi?t
Vift
Nam quoc
dan dang
Thoi
gian
hoat
dpng
Tu
thang 6 - 1925
denthang7-1929
Tu
thang 7 - 1927
den cuoi nam
1929
Tir
thang 12 - 1927
den dau 1930
Lanh
d^o
Nguyen Ai Quo'c
Tang
lop tri
thue

tu san: Dgng
Thai
Nguyin
Thai
hpc,
Pham Tuan Tai,
Mai,
Ton Quang
Phi?t
Nguyen Khac Nhu,
Pho Due
Chinh
Lyc
lupng
Cong
nhan, tri thiic,
thanh nien yeu nuoc.
Nhieu
tang lop
gom tieu tu san,
hoc
sinh,
sinh
vien.
Tu
san, tieu tu san,
dja
ehu, cong chuc,
binh
linh

nguai
Vi?t
Nhiem
vu
Truyen
ba chu nghia
Mac -
Lenin,
dao tao
can bp lam each mang.
Danh
duoi thye
dan Phap nhung
chua CO duong
loi
ro ret.
Danh
duoi de quoc,
xoa bo ngoi vua,
thie't lap dan quyen.
Xu
huong
Lam
each mang dan
chii,
lam each mang
v6 san.
Phan
hoa
theo

hai
huang.
Di
theo
con duong
tu an nhung bj be
tac, tan ra.
* Cac dieu
ki#n
dan toi vi?c thanh l?p
Vi?t
Nam Quoc dan dang va nhung non
yeu
aia to chuc do ve chinh trj, tu tirong, to chuc va phuong thuc ho^t dpng.
- Dim
kien
thanh
lap:
Sau
Chien
tranh the gioi thu nha't, tu tuong each mang tu san tiep tyc dpi
vao
Vi^t
Nam, tieu bieu la anh huong
chii
nghia Tam dan eiia Ton Trung Son.
Anh
huong cua chuong trinh khai
thac
thupc dja Ian thii hai, giai cap tu san

ra doi va ngay cang phat trien.
Phong
trao
yeu nuoc
theo
khuynh huong dan ehii tu san nhung nam 1919 -
1925 phat trien manh me.
- Nhieng non yeu: '
Ve
chinh tri, tu tuong quoc: Lay
chii
nghia Tam dan ciia Ton Trung Son, mpt
trao
luu dan
chii
tu san thjnh hanh 6 Trung Quoc lam nen tang chinh trj, tu tuong;
nhung
nhiing nguyen tac, chinh sach eo tinh each mang da bj Ipai bo (Khau hi^u
Binh
quan dja quyen, chinh sach
Lien
Nga,
lien
Cpng phu trp cong nong).
Ton
chi, myc dich: Con chung chung, khong ro rang (nhSm danh duoi giSc
Phap, danh do ngoi vua, sau cung thie't lap dan quyen).
Ve
to chuc:
Day

la dang each mang
theo
khuynh huong dan
chii
tu san, tieu bieu cho
bp phan tu san dan tpc do Nguyen
Thai
Hpc, Pham Tuan Tai, Nguyen Kh^c
Nhu
va Pho Due
Chinh
sang l^p,
chii
truong xay dyng thanh 4 cap tir trung
uong: Tong bp, Ki bp,
Tinh
bp den Chi bp eo so nhung chua bao gi6 tr6 thanh
h? tho'ng trong ca nuoc.
35
Thanh phan dang vien trong
Vif
t
Nam
quo'c
dan dang phuc tap, ke't nap
hoc sinh, sinh vien, cong
chuc,
tu san dan tpc,
phti
nong, than hao dia chu va

ca mot so binh h'nh nguoi Viet trong quan dpi
Phap.
La mpt dang
hoat
dpng bi mat nhung to
chuc
long leo, ki luat thieu nghiem
minh,
ke't nap dang vien bua bai, thyc dan
Phap
Ipi dung so ho nay dua tay
chan
vao dang,
theo
doi nam bat mpi
hoat
dong cua dang va cha djp ra tay
dan
ap.
Phuong thiic
hoat
dong: Chu truong bao dong vu trang, it
chii
y den tuyen
truyen
van dpng quan chiing. Khong c6 co quan ngon luan
hoac
tai li^u van
kien
chinh thuc de giai thich ton chi, muc dich. Khong c6 li luan lam co so cho

duong
loi va phuong phap da'u tranh nen
hoat
dgng thien ve quan sy, nang ve
am sat ca nhan.
* Nguyen nhan chung dan den qua
trinh
chuyen hoa ciia Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien, su phan hoa cua Tan
Vi#t,
sy that bai cua Vi^t Nam
Quoc
dan dang.
Tu
nua sau
nhiing
nam 20 cua the ki XX 6 Vi^t Nam dien ra mot thuc te'ljch su:
Qua
trinh
truyen ba chu nghla Mac - Lenin va
nhiing
quan diem cua
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
ve duang 161
each
mang tren lap truong v6 san a Vi^t Nam
do Hoi Vi^t Nam

Cach
mang Thanh nien tie'n hanh. Nhung chinh su phat trien
do lai vug-t qua tam lanh dao cua Hgi. De dap ung yeu cau thuc tien
each
mang Vi^t Nam
liic
nay, Hpi Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien da chuyen hoa
thanh
hai to
chuc
Cong san: Dong Duong Cong san dang (6
-1929)
va An Nam
Cpng
san dang (8
-1929).
Cung
chju anh huong ngay
cang
sau sac ciia con duong
each
mang v6 san,
nen Tan Viet
each
mang dang ciing co su phan hoa: Mot bp phan tien tie'n ciia
Tan Viet da gia nhap vao Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien; mot bp phan

con lai sau nay tie'n den thanh lap Dong Duong cpng san lien doan.
To
chuc
Viet Nam
Quoc
dan dang
theo
xu huong
each
mang dan
chii
tu
san. Duong loi
each
mang khong dap ung yeu cau cua dan tpc, do vay Vi^t
Nam
quo'c
dan dang khong xay dyng dupe co so cua
minh
trong cae giai cap
CO
ban, khong dupe quan chung
ling
hp. Do la nguyen nhan dan den su that
bai cua
khoi
nghTa Yen Bai do Viet Nam
quo'c
dan dang
khoi

xuong va lanh dao.
Khoi
nghia Yen Bai that bai keo
theo
su tan ra cua Viet Nam
quoc
dan dang.
Tu
thuc tedo, ta co the nit ra nguyen nhan chung dan den su chuyen hoa
ciia Hpi Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien, su phan hoa ciia Tan Vi$t va su that
bai roi tan ra ciia Vi^t Nam
quo'c
dan dang la: qua
trinh
truyen ba
chii
nghla
Mac - Lenin vao Vi?t Nam, cung la qua
trinh
tuyen truyen
nhiing
quan diem
1A
Cty
TNHH
MTV PWH
Khang
Vift

Ciia
Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
ve con duong giai phong dan tpc tren lap truong v6 san
o Vi?t Nam. Con duong
each
mang tren lap truong v6 san dap ung dupe yeu
cau co ban cua dan tpc va ciia nhan dan Vi^t Nam. Vi vay, con duong
each
mang v6 san, cac to
chuc
each
mang tren lap truong v6 san dupe quan chiing
nhan dan hau thuan ngay
cang
chiem uu the'va da giu vai tro
chii
dao trong
phong
trao
each
mang Vi?t Nam.
2. Phong trao dau tranh ciia giai cap cong nhan trong
nhiing
nam 1925 - 1929.
E)|c diem va y nghia ciia no doi voi vi^c thanh lap Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam
*Dien
bien:
^
Trong

hai nam 1926
-1927,
da no ra 27
eupe
da'u tranh eiia cong nhan.
Cuoi
nam 1928, sau khi co
chii
truong "v6 san hod", nhieu can bp Hpi Vi^t
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien di vao cae nha may, ham mo, don dien, ciing sinh
hoat
va lao dong voi cong nhan de tuyen truyen van dpng
each
mang, nang
cao y thuc chinh trj eho giai cap cong nhan. Phong trao cong nhan phat trien
mgnh,
tro thanh nong cot ciia phong trao dan tpc trong ca nuoc.
Trong
hai nam 1928 - 1929 da eo toi 40
eupc
da'u tranh ciia cong nhan no ra
t^i
cae
trung
tam
kinh
te- chinh trj. Do la bai cong ciia cong nhan mo than Mao
Khe, nha may

nuoc
La-ruy Sai Gon, don dien Lpe
Ninh,
nha may cua Ben
Thiiy,
nha may xi mang Hai Phong, nha may in
Pooc-tay
Sai Gon, don dien cao
su Cam Tiem, hang dau Nha Be, nha may to Nam Djnh v.v.
Cae
eupe
bai cong do khong chi giai han trong mot pham vi mot xuong, mot dia
phuong,
mpt nganh ma da bat dau co su lien ke't thanh phong trao chung.
Cung
voi cac
eupc
bai cong ciia cong nhan, cac
eupe
da'u tranh ciia nong
dan,
tieu thuong, tieu
chii,
hoc sinh ciing da dien ra a mpt so noi.
* Dac
diem:
Phong trao no ra lien tue, rpng khap. ' ^
Nhieu
nha may, xi nghi^p thanh lap dupe Cong hpi do.
Cae

eupc
da'u tranh da co su phoi hop kha
chat
ehe va eo su lanh dao ciia
Hpi
Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien.
Khau
hieu da'u tranh tu doi quyen Ipi
kinh
te chuyen
sang
doi ca quyen Ipi
chinh
trj.
*Y
nghia:
Phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me co anh huong rpng Ion trong
toan
quoc
va thuc su tro thanh mpt luc lupng chinh trj dpc lap, co sue thu hut
cae lue lupng xa hpi
khae.
Su phat trien ciia phong trao cong nhan da thiic day nhanh chong
viee
hinh
thanh
cac to ehiie
cons

san: Dong Duong Cpng san dang; An Nam Cpng san
dang va Dong Duong Cong san lien doan de den dau nam 1930 thanh lap
Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam.
3. Qua
trinh
phan hoa tu Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach
m?ng Thanh nien den sy thanh
lap Dang Cpng skn Vi?t Nam
Hpi
Vi^t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien dupe thanh lap tu thang 6 - 1925, t^i
Quang Chau - Trung
Quoc,
do Nguyen Ai
Quoc
sang
lap.
Nam
1928, Hpi thyc hien
chii
truong "v6 san hoa", dua can bp ve
nuoc
hoat
dpng
trong phong trao cong nhan nham truyen ba chu nghla Mac - Lenin cho hp.
Khi
phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me, yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua
giai

cap v6 san lanh dao. Vai tro ciia Hpi
Vi^t
Nam khong con phia hpp nCra.
Tu
do, Hpi Viet Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien phan hoa nhu sau:
+ Mpt so thanh vien ciia Hpi 6 B3c Ki tien toi thanh l$p Dong Duong Cpng
san dang
(6-1929).
+ Mpt so thanh vien ciia Hpi 6 Nam Ki va Quang Chau - Trung
Quoc
tieh
toi
thanh lap An Nam Cpng san dang (8 -
1929).
Den nam 1930, ca hai to
chuc
Dong Duong Cpng san dang. An Nam Cpng
san cung voi Dong Duong Cpng san lien doan hpp nha't lai thanh Dang Cpng
san Vi^t Nam.
4. Hoan
canh
lich
su, qua
trinh
thanh l^p va y nghia l}ch su ciia sv xuat hi^n
cac to
chuc
cpng san nam 1929

a.
Hoan
canh
lich
sik
Cuoi
nam 1928 dau nam 1929,
chii
nghia Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng
vao
Vif
t
Nam, tao dieu
ki^n
cho phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh me.
Vai
tro lanh dao ciia Hpi
Vipt
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien khong con phu
hpp
nua, can c6 chinh dang v6 san lanh dao de dua phong trao phat trien.
h. Qua trinh
thanh
lap
Cuoi
thang 3 - 1929, voi su nhay cam ve chinh trj, mpt so'hpi vien tien tieh
ciia Hpi Vi^t Nam
Cach

mang Thanh nien 6 Bac Ki hpp tai so nha 5D pho Ham
Long
(Ha Npi) lap ra Chi bp cpng san dau tien 6 Vi^t Nam gom c6 7 dang vien.
Chi
bp mo rpng
cupc
van dpng de thanh lap mpt dang cpng san nham thay the
cho Hpi
Vipt
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien.
Tir
ngay 1 den ngay 9 - 5 - 1929, Dai hpi Ian
thii
nha't ciia Hpi
Vipt
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien hpp tai Huong Cang. Tai Dai hpi, doan dai bieu Bac Ki
d|t
van de thanh lap ngay Dang Cpng san de thay the Hpi
Vipt
Nam
Cach
mang
Thanh nien,
song
khong dupe dai hpi
chap

nhan nen da bo dai hpi ve nuoc.
Ngay 17- 6 - 1929 dai bieu cac to chiic co so cpng san 6 mien BSc hpp dai
hpi
tai nha so 312 pho Kham Thien, Ha Npi, quye't djnh thanh lap
Dong
Duong
Cong
san
dang,
thong qua Tuyen ngon, Dieu 1$ ciia Dang, ra bao Bua Hem lam co
quan ngon luan va cu ra Ban
Chap
hanh Trung uong ciia Dang.
Khoang thang 8
-1929,
cac can bp lanh dao tien tieh trong Tong bp va Ki bp
Hpi
Vipt
Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien 6 Nam Ki cung da quye't djnh l^p An
t^am
Cong
san
dang.
Mpt
so dang vien tien tieh ciia Dang Tan
Vipt
cung tieh
cvre

van dpng lap
cac chi bp cpng san va xiic tien vipe ehuan bi lap Dang Cpng san. Thang 9 -
1929, nhirng nguoi cpng san trong Tan
Vipt
tuyen bo thanh lap
Dong
Ducmg
Cong
san
lien
doan.
c. Y
nghia
Dap ung yeu cau khach quan ciia
each
mang giai phong dan tpc 6
Vipt
Nam.
Chung
to sy Ion manh va kha nang
each
mang ciia phong trao cong nhan.
La su ehuan bi true tie'p cho sy thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam.
5, Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam thanh l?p
a.
Nguyen

nhan
dan tai Hoi
nghj
thanh
lap
Dang
Cpng
san Vi?t Nam
Nam
1929, do tac dpng ciia
chii
nghia Mac - Lenin, phong trao cong nhan
phat trien manh, y thue giai cap, y thue chinh trj ngay
cang
ro rpt. Ciing voi cac
phong
trao dau tranh yeu
nuoc
khae,
ke't thanh mpt Ian
song
each
mang dan
tpc, dan
chii
manh me, trong do giai cap cong nhan da thyc sy tro thanh lye
lupng
tien phong.
Thyc
tien do doi hoi cap thie't sy lanh dao thong nha't,

chat
che ciia mpt chinh dang ciia giai cap v6 san.
Trong
khi do, d
Vipt
Nam da xuat
hipn
ba to
chuc
cpng san, ba to
chuc
nay
lai
nay sinh mau thuan, nhu tranh gianh dang vien, tranh gianh quan chiing,
tranh
gianh anh. huong, tham chi con bai xich Ian nhau lam cho quan chiing
khong
bie't
theo
sy lanh dao ciia to
chuc
nao. Tinh
hinh
ngay
cang
keo dai,
cang
bat Ipi cho
each
mang.

Truoc
tinh
hinh
ay, dupe sy uy nhipm ciia
Quoc
te cpng san, Nguyen Ai
Quoc
da trieu tap Hpi nghj gom cac dai bieu ciia cac to
chuc
cpng san de ban
vipe
hpp nha't thanh mpt Dang, tai Cuu Long,
canh
Huong Cang (Trung
Quoc)
tu
ngay 6 -1 den ngay 7 - 2
-1930.
Sang
lap ra Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam la cong lao to Ion ciia Nguyen Ai
Quo'e
dol voi dan tpc va giai cap.
b. Ngi
dung
Hpi
nghj
thanh
lap

Dang
Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
da phe phan nhCrng quan diem sai lam ciia moi to
chuc
cpng san rieng re va neu ro ehuong
trinh
ciia Hpi nghi.
i Hpi nghj da
thao
luan va nha't tri thong nha't cac to
chuc
cpng san thanh mpt
Dang duy nha't la'y ten la Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam, thong qua chinh cuong
39
v3n
tat,
sach
luge vSn tat ciia Dang do Nguyen Ai
Quo'c
soan
thao. Do la
cuong ITnh
each
mang dau tien eua Dang.
Nhan
djp Dang ra doi, Nguyen Ai

Quoe
ra loi keu gpi eong nhan, nong dan,
binh
linh,
thanh nien, hgc sinh, anh chj em bj ap biic boc Ipt.
Hpi
nghj hp-p nhat cac to
chue
epng san Vi^t Nam mang tarn voc Ijch sir ciia
mpt
dai hoi thanh lap Dang.
c.
Ynghia
thanh
lap
Dang
Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra dai la ke't qua tat yeu eua
cupc
dau tranh dan
tpe va giai cap ciia nhan dan Vi^t Nam. Dang la san pham ciia sy ke't hop chu
nghla Mac - Lenin voi phong trao eong nhan va phong trao yeu nuoc Viet
Nam
trong
thoi
dai moi.
Vi^c thanh lap Dang la mpt bude ngoat vT dai trong Ijch su Vi^t Nam. Tu
day,
each
mang giai phong dan tpe eua nhan dan Vi?t Nam da dat
duoi

sy
lanh
dao duy nhat eua Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam, mpt Dang
theo
hpc thuyet
Mac - Lenin va tu tuong Ho Chi
Minh,
c6 duang 161
each
mang khoa hpc
sang
tao
CO
to
chuc
chat
che, c6
dpi
ngij can bp dang vien kien
trung
nguy^n suot doi hi
sinh
cho
li
tuong eua Dang, la mpt nhan to' thang
Ipi
eiia
each
mang.
Dang ra dai la su chuan bj tat yeu dau tien c6

tfnh
quye't dmh cho nhiing
buae
phat trien nhay vpt moi trong Ijch su dan tpe Vi^t Nam.
6. Npi dung Chinh cuong vin tit,
Sach
lug^c vSn tat ciia Dang Cpng san
Vif
t
Nam.
Tinh dung dan va
sang
t^o cua Cuong
linh
chinh tr\
a. Npi
dung:
Tai Hpi nghj thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Vift
Nam (6 - 1 -
1930),
cac dai bieu
da thao luan va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat,
Sach
lupc van tat ciia Dang do
Nguyen
Ai
Quo'c
soan
thao. Do la cuong ITnh

each
mang dau tien ciia Dang.
Cuong ITnh xac djnh duang 161 chie'n lupc
each
mang Dang la tien hanh
cupc
"tu
san dan quyen
each
mang va tho dja
each
mang de di toi xa
hpi
epng san".
Nhifm
vu ciia
each
mang la danh do
de'quoe
Phap, bpn phong kien va tu
san phan
each
mang lam cho nuoc Vi^t Nam dupe doc lap tu do; lap chinh phu
eong nong binh; to
chue
quan dpi
c6ng
n6ng, tjch thu he't san nghifp Idn cua
de'quoe,
tjch thu rupng dat cua de

quo'c
va bpn phan
each
mang chia cho dan
cay ngheo, tien hanh
each
mang rupng dat v.v. HI!
Lye lupng
each
mang la eong nong, tieu tu san, tri thuc. Con
phii
nong,
trung
tieu dja ehii va tu ban thl Ipi dung
hoae
trung
lap, dong
thoi
phai lien lac
voi
cac dan tpe bj ap bue va v6 san the'gioi.
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, dpi tien phong ciia giai cap v6 san se giu vai tro
lanh
d?o
each
m^ng. , , il
Cuang
link
chinh
tri dau

tien
ciia
Dang
Cong
san
Viet
Nam do
Ngui/en
Ai
Quoc
soan
thao
tuy con vdn tSt
song
day la mpt
citcmg
linh
giai
phong
dan toe
sang
tao, sam
kei hap
dung
dan
vevah
dedan
toe va
giai
cap. Doc lap va tu do la tu

tuong
chit
yeu
cua
cuang
ITnh
nay.
b.
Tinh
dung
dan,
sang
tao:
Tinh
dung din the hi?n: nhirng npi dung eua Cuong ITnh rat
diing
vai cac
quan diem ciia chu nghTa Mae - Lenin va thyc tien Viet Nam. Ngay tu dau.
Dang ta da tha'u
su6't
con dudng phat trien tat yeu ciia
each
mang
Vif
t
Nam,
do la eon duang ke't hop va giuong cao ngpn eo doc lap dan tpe va
chii
nghTa
xa hpi. Chinh vi vay, duong loi nay da dua

each
mang Viet Nam di tu th3ng
ipi
nay den thang Ipi
khac
va thang Ipi hoan toan.
Tinh
sang
tao the hi^n: nhirng quan diem ciia ehii nghTa Mae - Lenin dupe
Nguyen
Ai
Quo'c
van dung
sang
tao vao hoan canh Vi^t Nam, vi nhu Cuong
ITnh
ke't hop
diing
din van de dan tpe va giai cap, trong do doe lap dan tpe la
tu
tuong ehii yeu. Ve lye lupng
each
mang, Cuong ITnh da the hi^n dupe van
de doan ke't dan tpe rpng rai de danh
duoi
ke thu. Dieu nay rat
diing
vai hoan
canh mpt nuoc thupe dja nhu Viet Nam.
Chinh

cuong vin tit,
sach
lupc vin tat la cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien ciia
Dang. Tuy con vin tat nhung no la Cuong ITnh
each
mang giai phong dan tpe
diing
dan va
sang
tao, nhuan nhuyen ve quan diem giai cap, tha'm dupm
tinh
dan
tpe va nhan van. Doe lap ty do la tu tuong cot loi ciia cuong ITnh nay. *
7. Dang Cpng san
Vift
Nam ra doi la san pham
lich
su
cupc
dau tranh yeu
nuoc ciia nhan dan Vi^t Nam trong ba thap nien dau the ki XX
Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam ra doi la ke't qua tat yeu ciia
cupc
dau tranh dan
tpe va giai ca'p ciia nhan dan Viet Nam trong ba thap nien dau the'ki XX.
Trong
ba thap nien dau the'ki XX, thuc dan
Phap
tien hanh khai
thac

thupc
dja Ian
thii
hai 6 Viet Nam, ciing voi qua
trlnh
khai
thac
ciia thyc dan
Phap
lam
xua't hien nhOng mau thuan trong xa hpi Viet Nam, mau than eo ban nhat
do la, mau thuan giOa toan the dan tpe Viet Nam voi thyc dan
Phap
va mau
thuan
giOa giai cap n6ng dan Vi^t Nam vai bpn dja ehii phong kien tay sai. De
giai
quye't cac mau thuan do, nhan dan ta da dung len chong thyc dan
Phap
va
phong
kien tay sai. Cupc dau tranh dien ra manh me, quye't li^t trong ba thap
nien
dau the'ki XX do la:
Thu
nhat, phong trao dau tranh dan tpe
theo
khuynh hudng dan ehii tu san,
do giai cap tu san dan tpe va tang lop tieu tu san khoi xuong va lanh dao.
Phong trao nay the hi^n

tinh
than yeu
nuae,
y thiic dan tpe eiia giai cap tu san
va tang lop tieu tu san. Dae bi^t la cac phong trao dau tranh do tang lop tieu tu
san khai xuong va lanh dao da loi keo dugc dong dao cac tang lop nhan dan
tham
gia. Nhung cuoi cung cac phong trao da'u tranh
theo
khuynh huong dan
chii
tu san trong nhung nam 1919 - 1925 deu bi that bai do bi
khiing
hoang ve
duong
161
each
mang. Chinh tu trong phong trao nay dat ra yeu cau cap thiet
cho
each
mang Viet Nam muon da'u tranh gianh thang loi phai c6 chinh dang
cua giai cap v6 san voi duong 16'i
each
mang dung dan
sang
tao.
Thii
hai, phong trao da'u tranh giai cap, do chinh la cac
cupc
da'u tranh cua

giai
cap cong nhan Vi?t Nam trong nhung nam 1919 - 1929. Trong nhung nam
1919 - 1925, phong trao da'u tranh cua cong nhan Vi^t Nam chu yeu doi cac
quyen Ipi ve
kinh
te'nen
con mang
tinh
tu phat.
Sang
nhCrng nam 1926 - 1929,
do chu nghla Mac - Lenin dupe truyen ba sau rpng vao
Vipt
Nam nen phong
trao da chuyen
sang
da'u tranh tu
giac.
Khi phong trao da'u tranh ciia cong
nhan ngay
cang
phat trien, no dat ra yeu cau phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap
v6 san lanh dao de tie'p tuc dua phong trao tie'n len. Vi vay, phong trao cong
nhan chinh la co so xa hpi va dieu
kipn
co ban de dan den sy thanh lap Dang
Cpng san
Vipt
Nam. .jt,
Nhu

vay, phong trao da'u tranh yeu
nuoc
cua nhan dan ta trong ba thap
nien
dau the ki XX, do la phong trao dan tpc
theo
khuynh huong dan
chii
tu
san va phong trao cong nhan. Hai phong trao nay la co so xa hpi va dieu
kipn
quyet
dinh
de dan den su thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam.
8. Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam ra doi mo ra mpt
buoc
ngoat
v6 cung quan trpng
trong
Ijch su dan tpc
Vipt
Nam. Vai tro cua Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trong Hpi nghj
thanh
lap Dang

Dang ra doi da vach ra duong 161 chien lupc cho
each
mgng. Duong 161 do
la:
Truoc lam
each
mang dan tpc dan chu roi sau tie'n thang len
chii
nghla xa
hpi
bo qua giai doan phat trien che dp tu ban
chii
nghla. Tu nay
each
mang
Vipt
Nam
eha'm
dut su
khiing
hoang ve duong 161 va co sy lanh dao dung dan
de di den thang
Ipi.
Dang ra doi, xay dung dupe mpt lue lupng moi cho
each
mang ma
chii
yeu
la lien
minh

e6ng
nong. Dang ra doi de ra hai khau
hipu
chien lupc la: "Dpc lap
dan
tpc" va "Rupng dat dan cay". Hai khau
hipu
nay dap ung dupe nguypn vpng
cua da
so'nhan
dan, nha't la n6ng dan. Do do, 16i
eu6'n
dupe d6ng dao n6ng dan
di
theo
each
mang, xay dung dupe khol lien
minh
e6ng
n6ng, t^o ra dupe mpt
nhan
toco
ban nua, dam bao
thSng
Ipi
cho
each
mang
Vipt
Nam.

Dang ra doi vach ra dupe phuong phap
each
mang dung dan. Do la dung
phuong
phap da'u tranh
each
mang bang bao lue ciia quan chiing
theo
quan
diem
chu nghla Mac - Lenin. Nho do ta bie't xay dyng va sir dyng hai lye
lupng
chinh
trj,
vu trang de tie'n hanh khoi nghla.
Dang ra doi xay dyng dupe ban dong
minh
moi. Dang ra doi lam cho
each
mang
Vipt
Nam tro thanh mpt bp phan khang
kbit
ciia thegioi. Nho vay, tir do
(Jen nay, ta da tranh thu dupe sy dong
tinh
va
iing
hp to Ion ciia cac lye lupng
caeh

mang the
giai,
tao nen
sire
manh tong hpp de chien thang mpi ke thu.
Vi
nhirng le do. Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam ra doi da mo ra mpt
buoc
ngoat
Ijeh
sir
vT
dai cho
each
mang Viet Nam.
* Vai tro eiia Nguyen
Ai
Quoc:
Trye tie'p to chire va chu tri Hpi nghj thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam t^i
Huong
Cang
- Trung
Qu6'e
vao ngay 3 - 2
-1930.
Phe phan nhirng hanh dpng thie'u thong nha't ciia cac to chiirc cpng san trong

nuoc
trong vipe tranh gianh quyen lanh dao, tranh gianh quan ehiing, tranh
gianh
dang vien.
D|t
ra yeu cau cap thiet phai hpp nha't cac to
ehue
cpng san de di den thanh
l^p
Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam.
Viet
va th6ng qua Chinh cuong van tat,
Saeh
lupc v3n tat, Dieu Ip
vMn
tat.
Do chinh la Cuong ITnh chinh trj dau tien cua Dang da vach ra nhiing net co
ban ve duong 161 chien lupc va
saeh
lupc cho
each
mang
Vipt
Nam.
De ra
ke'hoaeh
de cac to chiic cpng san ve
nuoc

xiic tie'n vipe hpp nha't, roi
di
den thanh lap Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam.
cAu H6I ON TAP
Cau 1.
Trinh
bay npi dung
cupc
khai
thae
thupc dia Ian thu hai ciia thye dan
Phap
6 D6ng Duong va phan tich anh huong ciia no d61 voi sy phan hoa giai
cap trong xa hpi
Vipt
Nam tir nam 1919 den nam 1929.
Cau 2.
Phan
tieh thai dp chinh trj va kha nang
each
mang cua cac giai cap va
tang lop o
Vipt
Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi
thir
nha't. Van de nay da dupe de
ra trong Cuong
llnh

ehinh tri dau tien eiia Dang Cpng san
Vipt
Nam (3 - 2 - 1930)
nhu
thenao?
Cau 3. Lap bang so
sanh
cupc
khai
thae
thupc dia Ian nha't (1897 - 1914) voi
cupc
khai
thae
Ian thu hai 1919 - 1929) eiia thye dan
Phap
6
Vipt
Nam ve hoan
canh
Ijeh sir, mye dieh, npi dung, hp qua va tac dpng den
kinh
te^ xa hpi
Vipt
Nam.
Cau 4.
Trinh
bay nhirng tien de dan den phong trao
each
mang giai phong

dan
tpc
Vipt
Nam sau Chien tranh thegioi
thir
nha't. Sy vuon len va trien vpng
cua cac khuynh huong
each
mang lue do ?
43
Cdu 5. Tit
cupc
khai
thac
thuoc dja Ian
thii
nha't va Ian thu hai cua thuc dan
Phap
6 Dong Duong. Hay neu nhan xet ciia anh (chi) ve sy tac dpng cua no do!
vdi
kinh
te'va
doi
song
xa hoi 6 Vi|t Nam.
Cau 6. Neu mpt bien chuyen Ion nha't trong
cuoc
khai
thac
thupc dja cua thuc

dan
Phap
6 Dong Duong. Tac dung cua bien chuyen do do voi su nghi^p giai
phong dan tpc a
nuoc
ta.
Cau 7. Anh (chj) hay giai thich vi sao ngoai hai giai cap cong nhan va nong
dan, cac giai cap, tang lop
khac
o Viet Nam cCing c6 the van dong, loi cuon ho
tham gia
each
mang.
Cau 8. NhOng
cuoc
van dong cuu
nuoc
cua cac bac tien boi da de lai nhung
bai hpc
kinh
nghiem gi? Nguyen Ai
Quoc
tiep thu nhirng bai hpc do nhu the
nao trong qua
trinh
tim duong cuu
nuoc
ciia minh.
Cdu 9. Chu truong cuu
nuoc

ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
c6 nhirng diem gi go'ng va
khac
voi cac bac tien boi.
Cdu 10. Hay chon loc va
trinh
bay 3 dong gop to Ion nha't ciia lanh tu Nguyen
Ai
Quoc
trong 20 nam dau cua the'ki XX. Li giai su lua chpn do?
Cdu 11. Hoan
canh
ra doi, tu tuong chieh luge,
sach
luge
each
mang giai phong
dan tgc va y nghla eiia tac pham
Dumg
kach
menh
cua Nguyen Ai
Quoc.
Cdu 12. Chu nghla Mac - Lenin dugc truyen ba vao Viet Nam bang eon
duong
boat
dong ciia to chiic
each
mang

nao?
Hoat dong ciia to
chue
each
mang do dien ra nhu
thenao?
Cdu 13. Su chuyen hoa eiia to
ehiic
Hgi Viet Nam
Cach
mang thanh nien. Tan
Vi^t
Cach
mang dang va Viet Nam
Quoc
dan dang dien ra nhu the
nao?
Cdu 14. Qua
trinh
chuyen tu tu phat
sang
tu
giac
eiia phong trao cong nhan
Vi^t
Nam trong nhirng nam 1919 - 1929 dien ra nhu the
nao?
Yeu to nao giir
vai
tro eo ban nha't cho su chuyen hoa do.

Cdu 15. Vi sao
hoat
dong cua Hgi
Vift
Nam
Cach
mang thanh nien va Tan
Vi^t
Cach
mang dang da eo tac dung thiic day phong trao cong nhan phat trien
tir
ty phat
sang
tu
giac.
Cdu 16. Lap bang so
sanh
ve cac to
ehirc
chinh
tr|
ciia giai cap v6 san, tieu tu
Ten to chiic
Thai
gian
thanh
lap
Qua trinh
hoat
dpng

Xu
huong
Ket qua
Cdu 17. Trinh bay nhiing co'ng hie'n ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doi voi ijch sir dan
tpc ta tir nam 1911 den nam 1945.
Phan
tich mpt cong hien ma anh (chi) cho
rang noi bat nha't.
Cdu 18. Trinh bay nhirng mat tich cue va han che ciia cac phong trao dau
tranh
yeu
nuoc
va dan chu cong khai nhirng nam 1919
-1925.
Cdu 19- Lap bang so
sanh
ba to
chuc
yeu nude
each
mang (Hgi Vi?t Nam
Cach
mang Thanh nien. Dang Tan Vi?t va
Vif
t
Nam
Quo'c
dan

dang)
theo
yeu
cau sau day:
Hpi
VNCMTN
Tan Vi^t CM
dang
VNQD
dang
Thai gian
hoat
dong
Thai gian
hoat
dong
Lanh dao Lanh dao Lanh dao
Lye
lugng
Lye
lugng
Lye
lugng
Nhif
m
vu
Nhif
m
vu
Nhif

m
vu
Xu
huong
Xu
huong
Xu
huong
Cdu 20. Qua Hch sir Viet Nam tir 1858 den truac 1930, hay ehung minh:
- Sy khung hoang ve duong loi cuu
nuoc
ciia cac bac tien boi.
- Cong lao ciia Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trong vi^e tim ra con duong cuu
nuoc
diing
dan.
Cdu 21.
Phan
tich nhirng cong lao to Ion cua Nguyen Ai
Quoc
doi voi sy
chuan bj tien toi thanh lap Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam nam 1930.
Cdu 22. Trinh bay va phan tich ba yeu to dan den sy thanh l?p Dang Cgng
san Vi?t Nam.
Cdu 23. Qua
trinh
dau tranh giai cap va dau tranh dan tgc dan den su thanh
lap Dang Cong san Vi^t Nam dien ra nhu the

nao?
Cdu 24.
Phan
tich nhirng uu diem noi bat ciia Cyong ITnh chinh tn dau tien
"luge dong chi Nguyen Ai
Quoc
trinh
bay tai Hgi nghj thanh lap Dang.
Cdu 25. Trinh bay va phan tich ngi dung eo ban eiia Cyong
llnh
chinh trj dau
tien ciia Dang do dong chi Nguyen Ai
Quoc
khoi thao. Nhi?m vu cua
each
"lang Vi^t Nam neu trong Cuong
llnh
da dugc ap dyng nhu the nao trong thai
kicach mang
1930-1945?
Cdu 26. Yi sao noi rang. Dang Cong san
Vif
t
Nam ra doi mo ra mot budc
•^goat
v6 ciing quan trgng trong Hch sir dan tpc Vi^t
Nam?
Vai tro ciia Nguyen
Quoc
doi voi Hpi nghj thanh lap Dang.

Chuy§n
de 2:
VIET
NAM
TIT
NAM
1930
D^N NAM 1945
I.
PHONG
TRAO
CACH
MANG
1930 - 1931
1.
Tac
dpng cua tinh hinh the gjoi den
Vif
t Nam sau
Chien
tranh
the gjoi thu nhat
Sau
Chien
tranh the gioi thu nhat, cac nuoc de quo'c thang tran da ciing
nhau
phan chia lai the gioi, thiet lap mpt trat tv hoa binh, an ninh
men.
Hau
qua cua chien tranh, khiing hoang kinh te 6 cac nuoc tu ban chu nghia

va
anh huong cua cupc each mang thang Muoi Nga (thang 11 -1917).
Giai
cap cong nhan cac nuoc da thanh lap nhimg to chuc rieng cua minh.
Cac
dang cpng san 6 cac nuoc tu ban
chii
nghia, cac nuoc thupc dja va
nira
thupc dja Ian lupt ra doi.
Quoc
teCpng san (Quoc te thu ba) dupe thanh lap 6 Mat-xco-va (thang 3 -
1919) dam nhan su menh tap hpp va lanh dao phong trao each mang v6 san va
phong trao giai phong dan tpc 6 cac nuoc tren the gioi.
Cac
dieu ki^n khach quan do cua the gioi da tac dpng Ion den su phat trien
cua
phong trao giai phong dan tpc
Vi^t
Nam.
2.
Thyc
trang kinh te - xa hpi
Vi?t
Nam trong nhung nam khung hoang kinh
te the giai
1929-1933
-
Thuc trang
kinh.

te:
Tu
nam 1930, kinh te Viet Nam buoc vao thoi ki suy thoai. La mpt nuoc
nong nghiep.
Liia
gao bj syt gia. Rupng dat bo hoang nam 1930 la 200.000ha,
nam
1933 la
SOO.OOOha.
San
xuat cong nghiep bi suy giam. Nam 1929
tong
gia trj san lupng
khai
khoang cua Dong Duong la 18
tri^u
dong, nam 1933 chi con 10
tri^u
dong.
Trong
thuong nghiep, xuat nhap khau dinh don. Hang hoa khan hiem, gia ca
dat do.
H^u
qua cua cupc khiing hoang kinh te o Vi^t Nam rat nang ne so vai cac
thupc dja khac
ciia
Phap ciing nhu so vdi cac nuoc trong khu vyc.
-
Thuc trang xa hoi:
Nhieu cong nhan bj sa thai.

Cupc
song
ciia
thp thuyen ngay cang kho khan.
Nong dan phai chiu canh thue'cao, vay np nang lai, nong pham lam ra phai
ban
ha gia. Rupng dat bj dia
chii
nguoi Phap va nguoi
Vi^t
chiem doat. Hp bj
ban
cung hoa.
Cac
tang lop nhan dan lao dpng khac nhu tieu thuong, tieu
chii,
vien chuc,
tri
thuc nho va mpt so tu san dan tpc cung khong tranh khoi tac dpng xau
ciia
khiing hoang kinh te. Cac
nghe
thii cong bj pha san, nha buon nho phai
dong
cira,
vien chuc bj sa thai, hpc sinh ra truong khong c6
vi?c.
Mpt so dong
tu
san dan tpc cung gap nhieu kho khan trong kinh doanh.

Mau
thuan xa hpi ngay cang sau s3c, trong do c6 hai mau thuan ca ban la
mau
thuan giira dan tpc
Vi^t
Nam voi thuc dan Phap va mau thuan giiia nong
dan
voi dia
chii
phong kien, trong do
chii
yeu la mau thuan
giCra
dan tpc Vi$t
Nam
voi thuc dan Phap va tay sai phan dpng.
3.
Phong trao each mang 1930 -1931
a. Nguyen nhan bung no:
*
Vekinh te:
Do
bj
dequoc va phong kien ap biic boc lot nang ne, them vao do tu 1929 -1933,
the gioi lai dien ra cupc khiing hoang kinh te
ciia
chii
nghia tu ban, lam cho dai
song
ciia

nhan dan ta von da khon kho cang them khon kho. Mau thuan xa hpi
cang gay gat, khien cho nhan dan ta nhan thay chi con mpt con duong viing
len dau tranh chong ach ap biie boc Ipt
ciia
thye dan, phong kien, thoat khoi
cupc dai trau ngua.
*
Ve chink tri:
Dau
nam 1930, cupc khoi nghia
Yen
Bai oia
Vi?t
Nam Quoc dan dang biing
no va that bai. Loi dung co hpi nay bpn de quoc tien hanh khiing bo trang doi
voi each mang. Hang nghin nguoi bj bat, tra tan, tu day. Tmh hinh do lam cho
khong
khi
chinh
trj
d Dong Duong von da cang thang lai cang them cang thing.
*
Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra dai:
Cung
vao dau nam 1930, Dang Cpng san Vi#t Nam ra dai, de ta hai khau
hi?u
chien lupc: "Dpc lap dan tpc"va "Rupng dat dan cay". Hai khau
hi§u
nay
da

dap ling nguy^n vpng dai da so nhan dan, nhat la nong dan. Dang da kjp
thai
lanh dao nhan dan ta dau tranh chong dequoc Phap va phong kien tay sai
gianh dpc lap, tu do.
Tu
ba nguyen nhan ay dan toi su biing no phong trao each mang 1930 -
1931 6 nuoc ta. Trong ba nguyen nhan tren, Dang ra doi va lanh dao la nguyen
nhan
ca ban nhat, quye't dinh sy bung no phong trao.
b. Dien bien cua phong
trao:
IV-
Trong bol eanh
ciia
eupe
khiing hoang kinh te va phong trao each mang
dang cao, ngay sau khi ra doi. Dang Cpng san Vi^t Nam ra dai kjp thai lanh
dgo phong trao dau tranh
ciia
quan chiing cong - nong khSp ea nuoc.
Trong
thang 2 - 1930, no ra cupc dau tranh
ciia
cong nhan, nong dan va cac
tang lop lao dpng khac.
Tieu
bieu la cupc bai cong
ciia
cong nhan don dien cao
su

Phii
Rieng, Dau Tieng.
•
Thang 3 va 4 - 1930, dien ra cupc dau tranh
ciia
cong nhan nha may spi
Nam
Djnh,
nha may diem Ben
Thuy.
Myc
tieu dau tranh la doi cai
thifn
doi song. Cong nhan doi tang luong,
giam
gio lam. Nong dan doi giam suu, giam thue. Ben canh do, cung xuat hi^n
nhCrng
khau hieu chinh tri.
Thang 5, tren pham vi ca nuoc bung no nhieu
cupc
dau tranh nhan ngay
Quo'c
te'lao
dong 1-5.
Tir
thang 6 den thang 8 nam 1930, ca nuoc c6 121
cupc
dau tranh, trong do
cong nhan c6 22
cupc,

nong dan c6 95
cupc,
cac tang lop
khac
c6 4
cupc.
Cac
cupc
dau tranh nay danh dau
buoc
ngoat ciia phong trao
each
mang.
Lan
dau tien, cong nhan Viet Nam bleu
tinh
ki ni?m ngay
Quo'c
te lao dpng,
dau
tranh doi quyen Ipi cho nhan dan lao dpng trong nuoc va the hi^n
tinh
doan ket
each
mang voi nhan dan lao dpng the
gioi.
Sang
thang 9, phong trao dau tranh dang cao, nha't la 6 hai
tinh
Ngh$ An va

Ha
Tinh.
Nhiing
cupc
bieu
tinh
ciia nong dan (c6 vu trang tu ve) voi hang
nghin
nguoi tham gia keo den huy^n Ij,
tinh
Ij doi giam suu, giam thue a cac
huyen
Nam Dan, Thanh Chuong, Dien Chau, Anh Son,
Nghi
Lpc, Hung
Nguyen,
Do Luong (Nghe An), Can Lpc, Thach Ha, Cam Xuyen, Ki Anh (Ha
Tinh).
Cac
cupc
dau tranh nay dupe cong nhan
Vinh
- Ben Thuy huong ung.
He thong chinh quyen thue dan, phong kien bj te
li^t,
tan ra 6 nhieu
huy^n,
xa. Nhieu ten tri
huyf
n,

li truong bo
tron
hoac
dau thang.
Trong
tinh
hinh
do, nhieu cap uy Dang d thon xa lanh dao nhan dan dung
ra lam ehii van mfnh ciia
minh,
tu quan li doi song chinh trj,
kinh
ie, van hoa,
xa hpi 6 dia phuang, lam
chue
nang ciia chinh quyen, ma trong Ijch sii gpi la
X6 viet Ngh^ - Tinh.
c. Su ra doi va
hoat
dgng
cua Xd
viei
Nghe
-
Tinh
Tai Nghe An, X6 viet ra doi ngay sau cac
cupc
bieu
tinh
tu thang 9 - 1930 6

cac xa huyen Thanh Chuong, Nam Dan, mot phan huy^n Anh Son,
Nghi
Lpc,
Hung
Nguyen, Dien Chau. 6 Ha Tinh, X6 viet
hinh
thanh 6 cac xa thupc
huy^n
Can Lpc,
Nghi
Xuan, Huong Khe vao cuoi n3m 1930, dau nam 1931.
Cac x6 viet da to chiic, lanh dao quan chiing lam cae vi^c sau day:
Ve
chinh
trj, quan ehiing dupe tu do tham gia hoat dpng trong cac doan the
each
mang, tu do hoi hop. Cae dpi tu v^ do va toa an nhan dan dupe thanh lap.
Ve'kinh
te, thi hanh cae bien phap tjch thu rupng dat cong, tien
liia
cong chia
cho dan cay ngheo; bai bo thue than, thue'ehp, thue'do, thue'muoi, xoa no cho
nguoi
ngheo,
chii
trpng d3p de phong lut, tu sua cau cong, duong giao thong;
thanh
lap cac
hinh
thiic to chiic san xuat de nong dan

giiip
do nhau.
Vevan
hod - xa hoi, xoa bo cac te nan xa hpi cu nhu me tin, di doan, te
rupu
j-he,
CO
bac,
trpm
cap. Trat tu tri an dupe giu
virng.
Tinh than doan ket,
giiip
nhau trong nhan dan dupe xay dung.
X6
viel
Nghe
- Tinh la
dinh
cao
ciia
phong
trao
each
mang
1930 -1931 va la nguSn
co'vH
mqnh
me
quan

chiing
nhan
dan
trong
ca
nuac.
d.
Ynghia
lich
sivd
bai hoc
kinh
nghiem
ciia
phong
trao
each
mang
1930 -1931
Phong trao khang djnh duong 16'i
diing
dan ciia Dang, quyen lanh dao ciia
giai
cap cong nhan doi voi
each
mang cac nuoc 6 Dong Duong.
Tu
phong trao, kho'i lien
minh
cong - nong

hinh
thanh, cong nhan va nong
dan
da doan ket voi nhau trong dau tranh
each
mang.
Phong trao
each
mang 1930 -1931 dupe danh gia cao trong phong trao epng
san va cong nhan
quo'c
te.
Quo'c
te Cpng san da cong nhan Dang Cpng san
Dong
Duong la bp phan doe lap true thupc
Quo'c
teCpng san.
Phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1931 da de lai cho Dang ta nhieu bai hpe
kinh
nghi?m quy bau:
+ Bai hpe ve cong tae tu tuong trong Dang va trong quan chiing
each
mang.
+ Bai hpe ve xay dung khoi lien
minh
cong nong va mat tran dan tpc thong nha't.
+ Bai hpe ve vai tro to ehiie va lanh dao quan chiing ciia Dang.

+ Bai hpe ve sii dung bao luc
each
mang de gianh chinh quyen va xay dyng
chinh
quyen
theo
hinh
thiic X6 viet.
e.
Phong
trao
each
mang
1930 -1931 la
cugc
dien
tap dau
tien
chuan
bj cho
Cdch
mang
thang
Tdm 1945
Phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1931 chi dien ra trong mpt
thdi
gian ngin
nhung

CO
y nghla
Jich
sii to ion:
No
khang djnh duong 16'i
diing
dan ciia Dang, quyen lanh dao ciia giai cap
cong nhan doi voi
each
mang cac nuoc 6 Dong Duong.
Tu
phong trao, kho'i lien
minh
cong - nong
hinh
thanh, cong nhan va nong
dan
da doan ket voi nhau trong dau tranh
each
mang.
Phong trao the hien sue manh ciia cong - nong
dudi
su lanh dao ciia Dang.
Phong trao
each
mang 1930 -1931 dupe danh gia cao trong phong trao cpng
!J va cong nhan
quo'c
te.

Quo'c
teCpng san da cong nhan Dang Cpng san
'ng
Duong la bp phan doc lap true thupe
Quo'c
te'Cpng san.
Phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1931 da de lai cho Dang ta nhieu bai hpe
kinh
•^ghifm
quy bau ve cong tac tu tuong, ve xay dung khoi lien
minh
cong nong
mat tran dan tpc thong nha't, ve to chiic va lanh dao quan chiing dau tranh
*
^hinh
VI vqy,
phong
trao
cdch
mang
1930 - 1931 Id
cuoc
dien
tap dau
tien
chuan
bi
W>

Cdch
mang
thang
Tdm 1945