Kết hợp phương pháp tình huống với phương pháp đóng vai trong dạy học môn giáo dục công dân ở các trường trung học cơ sở trên địa bàn huyện diễn châu, tỉnh nghệ an






KT HP PHƯƠNG PHP TNH HUNG
VI PHƯƠNG PHP ĐNG VAI TRONG DY HC
MÔN
GIO DC CÔNG DÂN ! CC TRƯ"NG TRUNG HC
CƠ S!
TRÊN Đ%A B'N HUY(N DI)N CHÂU, T+NH NGH( AN
Chuyên ngành: Lý luận và phương pháp dạy học Bộ môn Giáo
dục Chính trị

 !"#$%&'%()
*(+$%&",-.&


/&0



 !"# $%&'()*+, - .!/,-01(23,-405
#67(89:-;9<( =/#(0>9
?2 />@*
,AB./.CD# 
1.*1(D5E/!F !"# $%&'1()1(23,-4057>
2:G;9<( ./=/#(8B/>@*
1+"# :% - /B$H&/!#
B/D0.!(231(/0.I$HJ/1(23
1(/0.I$H1#97/9.B/- K/FB 

8BL8BK/>@*J!-M
NB97O6F'B( =/#(0>96P/*
1( ./=/#(6P/8B/>@7
ABC*1/6?F(#2QR.!DF
F/*5>F' >2Q.8SS9TFU:GV#
D# -MNB9L/>@2Q B*
WBX#YZ@[Y\]
12345


))

(&)'6.7
  
   !
"#  "$%&
''"  '&()*&*+,&$
#-  #&.&/
#  #& !
"#  01&$)%2
3
&,8-
,9:;2<=>?@AB4
041506&78,9+&&:*&;&:7+&&<97(/
(=5/5025&>&(=&:*5&?&(=&:7+; >7>5+
@9A5 B50C; /50D0E541/50$FG&B41,H5+&AI5>41JKL
5&MN7OP7B&9A550Q/.&17A5*&&HK(RK>S'&550T&/&
1U&KV;&E5K>1U&KV&E5K(R/;5W*501 > :7X
9=YQI >5>:Z41J[\.H5&]5&^*&550T
1U&KV =*&550T >M.&/&$;&:_`[a3bF

G&<9/&E5K(R1U&KV;7X9=5>: >*&550T
&/&;7>5+LSX9=9+&9^A1;&()506&;
*&()*&*+, >&$25E5IE*;QW&$FC&V&18QB7T%/1
Y9a5&V&:&()506&*&X5&9=_`[bF
cK>9A59&$)QI250(d"#Fc5!1e/
9&$K>&"#&189V7+7M >*&*K1W5e/(d
;*&f&R* =KM/51X50!)%27@@**&L&6&5&>&&g
*&89&E5;&&e/(d:5G/950/7+&:/,;*&f
&R* =P15&H*&550Te/5&d7+FT7+57(R95!17@7D&h5&L,
>50D*&I@%ViKV.&j50I+, >&$5W*;+5Qh
&g%1,&k%/K:&P?99K>9A59*&F2 W,;/,5j
7L1Y9&$aa3laam;A >>5+7O&n7+ :7X9=
A1;&()506&#- >*&()*&*+,&$2E*;7]Q:55W*
501 >7X9=*&()*&*+,&$5&?&(=*&5&1,5C&5C&V;
&e7A%5+;.&IY5V&$e/"#;.&IY5&V&>&PoKp56&
&1JP8,0/505&V5qF
m
r1/41506&5&V&:&()506& >7X9=*&()*&*+,
&$&5&E,; :7X9=*&()*&*+,&$250(d"#Q(=
7L17O5&17(R&Z1.H541I.&I41/F1,&!;Q!+&&g
!&!95s;59&1,H5 =&Z;Y7A9+&+5695D;*
*&()*&*+,&$5C&V5&6tD9A5QA*&W.&&h
 !&(/&s50$I5H*&()*&*+,&$;7@&E5K(R
+,&$&(//F6 W,;,!1L17]50/K>*&I&!M1; W
*&()*&*+,&$*&f&R*7]50(QA9;*&f&R* =A
15j*&L;KV/&$*&()*&**&f&R* =5jQ>+,;5j5H5
+,&<9*&5&1,5C&5C&V;5V;&e7A;%5+e/&$%&;
QU(u&&$%&.&IY&R*5505W*5&T;0vK1,:.wY
QH5 W.H5&M7O&$ >5&V5q1A%J;7?9K+Z9
1 >%V&M5&s505j5H5&$F

x
0&:5&J*&()*&*+,&$5C&V7(R W
50+,&$9@&1 >9250(d"#@
0!;*&()*&*56&&1J >*&()*&*7@ /K>&g*&()
*&*0E541/50$;*&f&R* =7J5(R;@5*&5&1,5(1,%
5+e/"#F1,&!;% =*&()*&*+,&$.&;&/*&()
*&*>,C57(R !41/59 > W5041506&+,&$F
0!5&V5H;C5 !QH55X&M&&$%&&!M156&&1J.H5
&R* =7@ /5&T&:56&&1J5&?9A541,506&&R*Kp;*&f&R* =
97C&;,!1L1;A1Q>&$;y7Hd&$]Z;Q1U5z;.{9
&:141IF:&!M1%o*&()*&*56&&1J.H5&R* =
*&()*&*7@ /.&&g@p&k/ Z9]5KpK1W9>D@p
&k/505&V5q;@**&L > :7X9=*&()*&*+,&$&:
/,5&?&(=5X&M&&$%&&$5W*(=%V&(=ye/
!F6 W,;5I&$ E7ZC$DA<EFF<GH>3F<1FAI><<J>3KL4
F<GH>3F<1F?M>3KN4AO;>3:PQ<=2RS>41;:T22S>3:U>V212
AOGW>3OJ>3<=2HVAOX>?YNZB><JQ[>(4\><UJ]A^><3<[&>_
K>97Z5>K1W Y&+%wF
0,I><<I><>3<4X>2`Ja4X>bJN>?D>?@AB4
W*&()*&*+,&$5C&V>, >41506&+,&$
=97C&KE,(d&$K>950159K>9A5 E7ZK1K17(R&>
50 >>(=41/59&!M1F'&()*&*56&&1J >
*&()*&*7@ /K>&g*&()*&*+,&$5C&V;&e7A5j
(d&$F
|
'&5&1,5C&5C&V50&W5&Me/(d&$.&*&IK>
9A5 E7Z9=FG/,5j5&dX7+;&Z1&>5(5(2X5H&(-&X
o;}0%55~7O5j@&Z17H5L941/50$5K=e/ :*&5&1,
5C&5C&V;&e7Ae/&$%& >7O7]5Z9@7L15!.&!1
&g5(5(29/A1e/*&()*&*56&&1J&<9*&5&1,

5C&5C&V;&e7Ae/(d&$F#0/5;&>50H5&$e/",•+*X7+
K1+,&$50D96&Q<&7]50/1&hR927T5j7@&$50D5V569
&T1;.&9*&.H5&MF
H5&H.€NN;.&.&/&$;.w5&1W5*&550T&/&5&6,!1L15V
&!M1;&e7A;%5+e/(d&$7]50/E*5&H5&)F•F
-&/0K/9*l&>NH57O&0<S05&M5025&>&.H5&M
5&V%V.&&$%&&H9Kk&@Q<%MK/7A;%5+e/96&_
`a[bFr1506&+,&$Q<*&()*&*56&&1JK17]50/,!1
L1&$%&*&I5695D;%1,&kFSZ141/50$7J = !K>*&I
1E*56&&1J7/+;.&C/+&Kp5&se/9A5.wY5&T
t&(90vK1,:Kp5&s;56&&1J507@&$%&@5&T%o
.wY&/,.H5&M50/7+&$5W*.&;90v
K1,:@K!&: =&g.&&:9;&M5&se/&$%&~_`a[mbF
I&1,!7O7ZW*7HQI&E5e/*&()*&*
+,&$&:7+&<9*&5&1,5C&5C&5C&V;&e7Ae/(d&$F
SF}F-9?P.l&>%(*&+9KiK+‚|l3maƒ7O7(/0/&gQ:
*&*+,&$Q\5&$%&*&I5695D;%1,&k7T5V\9Q\57(RQI&E5
e/%V W5;&:5(R_`|[mxbFI}KK/F0%5?7O&!M1%1
Z.wY;.w5&1W5e/+,&$;507@5I&E9+&&H
K(R7T+,&$@&:141I;&e,H15&41/5&V&>&F
a
„:5G/9;*&()*&*7@ /7(R%o5041506&+,
&$&(/&Z1FcA550&g E7Z)QIe/7X9=*&()*&*
+,&$&:/,K>5X&M&"#S&$9>&);&)9>&$_7O >7/
&W7(R%V41/597]Q:5e/5>PO&AFG@K>9I97%V415I
&"#F0P15&H&:/,;H1 W7(R*&()*&*7@ /
5&>&t&+&H7(R501,Z5&JS5&1,H5I_FcA5%J5I
&(G1,qG&k/`|b;]t"+5`b;0L">&`b0E541/
597(/0/*&()*&*7@ / >7TI+,50&>50(dF
5I7Z1&E9+&5L941/50$e/*&()*&*7@ /5041

506&+,&$F
&d/41/7O@&Z1&>.&/&$;&>%(*&+9&!M1 Z
*&()*&*+,&$5C&V;7]Q:5K>*&()*&*56&&1J.H5
&R* =*&()*&*7@ /FG&Z1Q>Q;&Z11J%&;506&
&!M17O7(RQJ;&i50R0E5K=&7At !;%& !;
&$%&5&/9.&I;&$5W*F
-&&!M1*&()*&*+,&$5C&V;&Z15I7O
*&5C&0E5%1%\7]7T9;A1 >&g)%27T W*&()
*&*56&&1J;*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$92
50(d"#FT&6&K>506&^_O.929#9:-0
'8` e/'#F#t"UH[ ^,a929#9:-0
2(.## F !`e/0L">&`b[&+%w()&s,
G/t7O&!M1 Z^bc:%929#9/( :-0
"$&$``b>0/;&1,!7Z5&/,%&.&/;&()506&
QU(u5&(dP1,!;5>K:1&(=y+,&$QA9t7ZW*
&Z17H*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$9F

G&Z1&$ !/&$7O&!M1 E7Z%o*&()*&*
56&&1J >*&()*&*7@ /41/K1W Y&+%k&(t&B
"Ur1H =7Z5>^E/(.c:%929#9:-0S!F
Q9 />S( :-0- P`‚W5T1&$ƒ`3b[i
-&&GY9 =7Z5> ^bc:%929#9S!FQ9
/>S( :-0F !0# :%Fd@. 0
.L/0``b[>&B"(d7O&!M17Z5>^bc:%92
9#9/FQ9929#9S!( :-0#
:%:9\[`F`mb
K1W Y!150!7O5&T&:%V5695D;&!M1e/5
I Z%V.H5&R*g/*&()*&*7@ / =*&()*&*.&&(
*&()*&*5&IK1W&@9;*&()*&*56&&1JFFF1,&!;50
506&&!M1;5>K:1&1,!>&*&()*&*+,&$t

&(5>K:15&/9.&I&(/@5I>7%1&!M1 W
*&()*&*56&&1J.H5&R* =*&()*&*7@ /509
250(d"#F
c,T2?d2<KB><4[RKT2eN?@AB4

0!)%2KpK1W >5&V5q+,&$;K1W Y7ZP1E541,506& >
7Z1.:.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =*&()*&*7@ /&<9
/&E5K(R+,&$9250(d"#F
 
lG&!M1)%2KpK1W >5&V5qe/ :.H5&R**&()*&*56&
&1J =*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$9250(d"#F
l&V&:9%(*&+9.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =*&()
*&*7@ /50+,&$9250(d"#F

lZP1E541,506& >7Z1.:.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =
*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$9250(d"#&<9
@**&L/&:141I+,&$F
,4AGE>3KBF<PRK4>3<4X>2`J2eN?@AB4
lZ5>&!M1 E7Z.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =
*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$9250(d"#F
lZ5>5W*501&!M1 E7Z.H5&R**&()*&*50
+,&$92QW"# >5H&>&.&I%5;5&V&:9%(*&+9
&/.&Jm >x5+50(d"#qN1 >50(d"#q&*50!
7B/Q>&1,:q&1;5n&G&:}F
f,HVa9aJg>KBF<GH>3F<1F>3<4X>2`J
lZ5>V/50!)%2KpK1W >*&()*&*K1We/&e&k/c
l•!;5(5(2"U&Cc& >41/7T9;7(dKJ;&C&%&e/
I >G&>(= Z >7>5+F
l'&()*&*&!M1Z5>%o*&()*&*&(
*&()*&**&5C&l5X&R*;*&()*&*KB&%olKC;*&()*&*

5&J.!FFF
,45A<JQDAh<;N<=2
":/,; :.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =*&()*&*7@
/50+,&$9250(d"#@&g&+&H&E5
7B&FGH1K>9%5h7(R)%2KpK1W >5&V5q >7Z0/7(R41,506&
>7Z1.:L5&H55&6%^*&5&1,7(R5C&5C&V;5V;&e7A;
%5+;5+%V&M5&s50&$5W*e/&$%&;@**&L/&E5
K(R+,&$9250(d"#F
i,M>33MF2eNaJg>Kj>

G&g.H541I&!M1e/7Z5>@**&LK>9%5h)%2Kp
K1W >5&V5q;t&(7ZP1E541,506& >7Z1.:.H5&R**&()
*&*56&&1J =*&()*&*7@ /&<9*&5&1,5C&5C&V;%
5+e/"#50+,&$9250(d"#&:/,F
r1/7@;7Z5>@**&L5&V&: :7X9=*&()*&*+,&$
95050(d"#5&?5&5&L7X9=YQI;5>:
 >7>5+F
k,$DA2lJ2eN?@AB4
G>*&L927L1;.H5K1W;/&95>K:15&/9.&I;K1W Y
7(R.H5E15&>&&()
&2\)%2KpK1W >5&V5qe/ :.H5&R**&()*&*
56&&1J =*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$950(d
01&$)%2F
&2[&V&:9%(*&+9.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J =
*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$9250(d
01&$)%250!7B/Q>&1,:q&1;5n&G&:}F
&2er1,506& >7Z1.:7T.H5&R**&()*&*56&&1J
=*&()*&*7@ /50+,&$92
50(d01&$)%250!7B/Q>&1,:q&1;5n&G&:}


m,n(
!"
o"8p qrs&/$.tuuou'u
vw*uou'ux&%(y
'%()y(z8'o"8
 ,,HVa9aJg>2eNK4[2hDA<EFF<GH>3F<1FAI><<J>3KL4
F<GH>3F<1F?M>3KN4
#!"$%$&'( )$!"$%$* +
\*\*\*\*+29#9/
f#B929#9/
l6&&1J
&?j7T5H:5;S6&&1J56&50+ >I&&1J_`[
|bFS6&&1JK>9A5%V.:@5&V507d%JPO&A =&g
7]50( W5Kp;%&Kp;59Kp >PO&A_F(dK1K1%J50
56&&1J&E57B&;5&(dP1,!*&I7J9]5 >&B17V%V57A
e/56&&1J7@[@&g56&&1J7)IP8,0/50%&&+5;50
/5H*&<>, >@&g56&&1J*&M5+*50&+57A&Z
&:*;&+57A&!M1.&/&$~
S„9M7A*&X415&E55&69$56&&1J7Z1@50B+,&$;
Q2K^QE5.…56&&1J>t7Z1&>9&M/&g505&M Z%V
.:;505&M Z.wY >*&()*&*I41,H5&s_`[b~1,
&!;+,&$.&*&IK>9A541506&5V*&59>K>9A5&+57A@
&e7C&; 6 W,9A556&&1J5&5&(d&(/*&IK>9A556&&1J
+,&$;@&n5025&>&56&&1J+,&$.&7(R%o =
p5+0/950(dK>9 :&"# >.&"#I41,H556&&1J
%^7+57(R95!1+,&$F

†'&()*&*56&&1JF
l-&:9'&()*&*56&&1J‚&/,D$K>*&()*&*
&!M150(d&R*7T&6&ƒK>9A5*&()*&*+,&$;507@"#

5VKV&!M19A556&&1J5&V5q >I41,H5 E7Ze/56&
&1J7]50/F
6&&1JK>9A5&>I&5&V5H;507@&M/7V&g91
5&1yP17A5FG(d5/*&I7(/0/9A541,H57B&50!)%2&\
*&().&&/1F6&&1Jt@5&TK>9A5&>I&\ =1
&1,:@J5501,:;& W5;@&M/7VP17A5;@5C&*&M&R*
7(R H50/7T9&&M9A5 E7Z&/,9A5%J E7Ze/1A%J5&V
5HF6&&1J50+,&$K>&g56&&1J5&V&]9*&h5&?
56&&1Jq0/505&V5H;7(RE150s&&<997C&+,&$F
,g/LFSF@F8B929#9/( 
:-0"$&$
‡ˆ17T9
&M&E5G/5C&5&V5qe/9&$F2 6;%/1.&7(R
1E*.H5&MKC5&1,H5;9A5Q>5W*56&&1J%^s*"#@
&6%1&) >5&V5q&) Z E7ZKp5&1,H57O7(R&$F"]t@
5&T5&41/PoKp56&&1J;"#%^@7Z1.:0s50/A1Q>&$
e/96&9A5&q>F
&M&/G/5C&&e7A%5+ >&M5&s&"#50
41506&&$F-& = :5H*5&1Kp5&1,H59A5&5&7A;.&7(R
/Q>5W*56&&1J;&@9*&I&e7A569.H9 >*&5C&
5&57T77H5690/I*&*&56&&1JFc1J@7(R7Z1
7@Q1A"#*&I50/&K1W%X;7Z1>,,7(R&M5&s&"#F
3
&MQ/G/.wYK>9 :&@9;.wY*&5C&;7&
>I41,H5 E7Z;.wY506&Q>,;QI :&/,*&IQ:p.H50(=
797LL&6&5&>&5C&9+&+;5V5F
&M5(:I41,H556&&1J7D&h?9*&I W
.H5&Me/0E5&Z19&$;7@;s*?9&T10A&)\9 g
&).H5&M J@e/QI5&F
&MY9J =%^5H*5&17(R.&&:9 >&g&;

I*&*9=5j*&C/"#7TK>9*&*&sQ>I >7Z1&n&A1
56&&1J&*&f&R* =Q>Ie/96&F
‡-&@.&Y
&M&E5D&h*&IK1K17X9=;W*&W55&5.H
5&M.wY7T@&gQ>5W*56&&1J5&V5H;%5 =7Z1.:;9
50(dF
&M&/I41,H556&&1J&H9&Z15&d/F7@;H1
.&K&&+550 :5X&MK=*&$ >*&QJ5&d/&R*Kp5&60E5
qQBS&,_F
hi6/D/.29-F8B929#9/
09A5Q>I;56&&1J7(RKV/&$@5&T>&/,\;
51…5&1A >A1 E7Z9>L501,Z5I7H&"#F
6&&1J*&I7(R.H55&sQ<9A5K+5 E7Z&]1
&h&(+&k7Z16%^PI,0/5H*5&?‰+%^K>96H1Q+K>&
W5}‰G& W5‰FFFE7Z>,@5&T7(RY&]&(5&H>‰•s
>,L*&IK>967T&+&H5C&50L950$e/ E7Z‰
E7Z50IKd1&h>,*&I7(Rf7T.&4159A556&
&1J0A&);.&415&)F
m
6&&1JLK!&: =.&&:9&:5+t&(56&&1J
0A&) =&Z&:*505()K/e/(d&$F6&&1J@5&T
qI5&?&&6e/(d&$ >7T92&Z1&(=I41,H5F6&
&1JL&M/7V915&1y; E7Z >@5&TK!41/7H&Z1
*&():FU5&d;56&&1J7(/0/*&IK1 j/%M ="# >@
5&TI41,H5507Z1.:5&TF
L*&I7/+&&6&5&M7(/0/56&&1JF.&&!
M156&&1J@5&T7(R5&V&:50! ?&/,9A5QY5lP{59>
.&*&I2+&g H5&]Kd@FU5&d;9A556&&1J7(/0/
L*&I@&Z1&I41,H5.&&/1;50&56&50+&njK+2
9A5&I*&*1,&E5F

†Q(=5H&>&
Q(=&!M156&&1J@5&TK>
(=1E*&"#56&&1J7T"#7$‚&]P?9&/,
&?ƒ56&&1J5&V5H >%1,&k Z@F
(=7(/0/9A5&/,&Z11&h&(=yK!41/7H
56&&1J7T"#%1,&kF
(="#5H&>&5&IK1W56&&1J5&V5HF
\*\*\*[*+29#9S!
{@ /
&?j7TH:5;7@ /‚7@.B&ƒ@&k/K>S(
RO!:H( OIF)`;mbFG&( W,;5041506&7@
/K>%V5&T&:& W550.B&QIK!%.&E1&]9>I&Q<
&+57A@Y,&(5&W5F-&9A5&e7Z;9A5 E7Z>7@501A
%J&:5&V7(RP,V5&>&9A5 2.B&5&67@7(R$K>.B&QI;
&(7T5&V&:A1.B&QI7@(dq !*&I7I9&W%\9
/9A5& W5 >QT1q /q7@Fr1506&7@7(R$K>7@ /F
x
f+29#9S!
'&()*&*7@ /K>&5X&M;&(=y&"#5&V&>&
SK>95&o_9A5%J&MPo>7@509A556&&1J7+7M >*&*
K1W5I7B&;&]9A556&&1Je/5&V5H1A%J;Q<&qP1E5
9A5&y1&M9>.&L.B&QI&]K1,:5W*50(=&<9I
41,H556&&1J>,50!)%J5(25(R >p&k%5+e/?9F
,K>*&()*&*+,&$&<9s*"#%1,&k%1%\ Z9A5
E7ZQ<&5W*501 >9A5%V.:5&T9>&$41/%57(RF:
q.&*&IK>*&L&C&e/*&()*&*>,;9>7Z141/50$K>
*&L5&IK1W%/1*&LqE,F
fg/L-j!929#9S!( :-0"$&$
lˆ17T9
‡s*"#&6&5&>&.wY50950(d/5>;7(R

9%550(=.&P8,0/56&&1J5&V
‡,7(R&M5&s >&sp7J =(d&$F
‡+7Z1.:K>9I,%&5(1,;@%5+e/(d&$
‡-&C&K:%V5&/,7X5&7A;&>& e/(d&$5&?&(=
7B&50(=F
‡"#@5&T5&E,/,5 >&:141Ie/Kd@&] :K>9
e/q !
l"+&H
‡"#&s5&5;5&H15V5.&7M50(=5W*5&T; J5jgC5;.&@
7Tq7+5;.&@5&V&: /e/96&F6 W,;*&I7A !;.&1,H
.&C&;5+)&A&7J5(R"#>,5&/9/Q\57L15j&g56&&1J
7)IF
‡&H9&Z15&d/ W,L*&QJ5&d/&R*KpF
f&#
|
'&()*&*7@ /7(R5H&>&&e,H15&?Q(=%/1
2\!1&e7Z;&/&@9 >/56&&1JF6&&1J
!10/&"#7@ /K>56&&1J@5&W5505&V5H[,!1L17@ /
e/5j&@9;507@@41,7B&0Š5&d/&18QB;5&d/7@ /
e/9i&@9F
2[&@95&IK1W&18QB7@ /F
2e&@95H&>&7@ /;Q\57L1QT1q;50.&7@
?9.&5&?ŠS /q_;P?9&$%1,&k >&>&7A&(5&H
>7TI41,H556&&1JF
2]&(=y"#5&IK1W&WP{5QX%1F&(d5&6Q\5
7L15&IK1W Z&MPoe/& W55&T&]56&&1J50
2q;&(%^920A%/*&+9 5&IK1W&g E7Z.&415
&)&/,&g E7Z9> 2q&M9&F
2k.H5K1WF
'&()*&*>,7(R5&V&:5&?9A556&&1J5&Te/A

1&$5W*;\KZ =5&V5H1A%JF05H5I;5&dK(R;
5&d/7TSq !_5&T&:.&>‚&(d&nlm*&s5ƒ!
L&(=y"#P,V.B&QI*&f&R*;7)I >q&T1F
09A5.B&QI;C5&E5*&I@%V5&/9/e/& W5F:I
41,H556&&1J509A55H5&$.&7(RP,V50(=5&>&.B&
QI;.&!q 5W*50(=9>7D&hSq !_*&I&W* /
&/&&@;*&I*&5&1,7(R@5(25(R >5(1,%5+;K&&+5
7TI41,H556&&1J/,50.&qF
fi6/D/.29-F8B929#9S!
a
E7Z41/50$&E57J =;7@K>56&&1J7(/0/&"#
7@ /*&I*&f&R* =&e7Z9; =KM/51X;506&7Ae/"#
>7Z1.:;&>I&e/K=*&$FU5&d;5C&97C&e/56&&1J
*&I5&W50Š0>F6&&1J*&Iq7@ /;.&!41*&M5+*F
U5&d;56&&1J7(/0/&"#7@ /!7T92;.&&50(=
S.B&QI_ >Kd5&+F*&I>&K(R5&d/*&f&R*&&@9
&18QB7@ /FG(d7@ /*&IK1&T10Š /qe/96&50
Q>5W*7@ /7T.&K+&e7ZF
L.&C&K:5E5I"#f5&/9/;.TI&g"#&s5&5[&]
&/5jK(R57T9$"#7Z1@5&T5&/9/7@ /F&(=y
&"#&18QB&50/ >&g7+7)I7T5Y5C&&E*ye/
50D&)7@ /F
G&( W,;97C&e/*&()*&*7@ /K>5&T&@/Q>&$
Q<%VqP1E57T*&5C&A1Q>I&5H5;%1%\&)F
 /&0&10&2$$!"$%$&'( 3$!"
$%$* +&456789:%5696;<&4!=48
"><
\*\*[*\*J/9#V%'6/D/O:/"# :%
:I>1(/0&.I
0(=&H5;LP7B&97C&;,!1L1e/9&$FE5I

9&$@&1 >9@0!7Z1@97C&;,!1L1*&f
&R* =.H5&Me/5j9F:P7B&97C&;,!1L1e/9
&$0E541/50$ 6(d !H1P7B&97C&;,!1L17s5j
7@%o*&()*&*;.w5&1W5+,&$;5&H5QB+,&$*&f&R*%^@5
/&:141Id&$5j7@/&E5K(R+,&$QA9
51,&!H1 !P7B&%/97C&;,!1L1e/9&$%^.&
50&.&h&g5&E5Q+50+,&$F

c7C&e/+,&$7(R&T15&?&Z1E*7A.&&/1
5j0A7H&‹*;51… >5j*&L;5jQ>;5j5H55&T7T !@
5&TP7B&97C&.&&/1F1,&!;97C&)QIe/9&$K>
P,V5&H=41/.&/&$;*&()*&*K1WQ:&M >&6&5&>&
&&(d9=;/p5&M5&V&:*&*K1W5&&$%&;
K>)%27Z1.:7T&6&5&>&&<9p5&M >&>& e/(d
5j7@@**&L&6&5&>& >*&550T2?9&g*&89&E5
>YKVL5&H5e/(d9=7*M7(R&g,!1L1
7D&he/PO&A5056&&6&9=t&(50PO&AQ<;
&e; Y9&F5&T&(%/1
r1506&+,&$(dg /50D41,H57B&50 :5&V
&:95!1e/*&X5&K>Ss*"#*&550T5>: Z7+
7M;50C51:;5&T&E5;5&899w >.wY)QI&<9&6&5&>&&
&(d:5G/9PO&A&e&k/;P,V5(& >50&&:9
;&18QB&"#5H*5&$K!&]7 >1A%JK/7A;
5&/9/P,V >QI :X41J_
Z1x.&I•1W5P7B&S'&()*&*
*&X5&*&I*&5&1,5C&5C&V;5V;&e7A;%5+e/
"#;*&f&R* =7]7T9e/5jK=*&$;9&$[QU(u*&()
*&*5V&$;.&IYK>9 :5&?&@9;0vK1,:.wY W
.H5&M >5&V5q[57A7H56&I9;7?9K+Z9 1;&M
5&s&$5W*&"#_F`[b

c5!1920(d"#&<9&"#
&189Ve/PO&A7J =(d29M7A*&f&R* =KM/51X[
50!)%27@@**&L&6&5&>&&g*&89&E5&&e/(d
:5G/950/7+&:/,;*&f&R* =P15&H*&550T >5HQA
e/5&d7+F

c@&:9 @**&L7>5+"#5&>&&g(dK/
7A9=;&6&5&>&&g*&89&E55J57‹*;5C&Ve/(d
5()K/;@5&H=41/.&/&$;&%&41/5!5H;@7+7M
50%;0/%M5&V&:7(dKJ;&:9 &9+7s7\e/
I >G&>(=;%J >K>9 :5&?"H*&* >*&*K1W5F
]5&fe/9K>*&89&E5&C&50B5(5(27+
7M&"#5E5I9&$;&6&5&Me/&>50(d
5&V&:F#9@&: &H5%M41/50$50 :
7@;@@5&T50V5H*&"#&g505&M Z5&H=41/
9A5&5()7J@&:5&J;5>:[s*&"#&T17s41,K1W5
*&550T5E5,H1e/5V&!;e/PO&A >e/5(1,[s*&"#&W
5&M7s7\1A%Je/& >A7U*&I*&f&R* =41,K1W5
.&&41/e/%V*&550Te/KB&%oPO&A;QH5%J507Z1.:e/
QI5&;/76& >PO&A;K1@p5&M ()5=&g7‹*F0!)
%2&g505&M7@"#%^L&6&5&>&&g41/7T99=;&g
.&1,&&(=5(5(29=;7A)&>QO;KD5 >&>& 5J57‹*e/
(dFU5&d5&41/505&Me/9%^&6&5&>&5j
Q(=*&()*&*&W5&M;5(1,.&/&$ >*&()*&*&>&7A
7s41,K1W5.&&41/F]Q:5;505&d7+>,/, :7B&&(=
7s7\%1,&k >7B&&(=7s50&>&7A@ /50D&H5%M
41/50$ =5j&F
†c5!15&Te/9&$250(d"#
lZ.H5&M
"T17(R&g&189V7+7M >*&*K1W5)QI;*&X5&;

5&H55&V;*&f&R* =KM/51X"#"#5041/&: =QI5&; =
(d.&[ = : > =950(d%JF

"T17(Rp&k/e/&189V7J =%V*&550Te/
& >PO&A[%VL5&H5*&I0vK1,: >&5&M0vK1,:7T7+57(R
&189V7@F
lZ.kY
H57&&>& e/QI5& >e/9$(dP141/&[QH5
KV/&$ >5&V&:&MPo*&f&R* =&189V7+7M;*&*
K1W5; Y&lPO&A50/5H* >50&+57A‚&$5W*;K/7A;
&+57A5W*5&T; 1&)I50C~ƒ
H55X&M :&$5W* >0vK1,:e/QI5&5&?,!1L1e/
&189V7O&$F
lZ5&7A
@5&7A7s7\0Š0>50(=&:5(R;%V.:7+7M;
*&*K1W5; Y&507d%J&<>,[@56&I950%;K>&
9+&7J =9$(d;7J =/76&;&>50(d;41!&()7E5(=F
@Z95 >5C&7s7\e/&189V7O&$ >&(=5=
&g50BPO&A5J57‹*[@50&&:97J =&>&7Ae/QI5&[
@&1L15V7Z1&n&5V&>5&:7T5025&>&9A5&e5&TPO&A5C&
V;Y7AF
†ZE150s&()506&GA192E*"#U9@
&/*&L'&LS&189V7+7M_‚x&e7Zƒ >*&LS&189V
*&*K1W5_‚&e7ZƒF&e7Z7(RP1,!%1J5 >@9JK!&: =&/1
505E5I.&J‚5j.&J37H.&J|ƒ41/Q>5&T >2E*7A
.&&/1F
j97C&;,!1L1 >A1e/97T&$%&5H*5&1
Kk&&A505&M9A5&&:141I&E55041506&I+,5f, >A
1e/5jQ> !*&I.H5&R*&Z1*&()*&*.&&/17]
Q:5K>*&()*&*56&&1J =*&()*&*7@ /F


\*\*[*[*J/9#V6/D/a929#9:-0( (23
&H=7/5&/,7X5j>,;5jd50(=%V*&550T.&
je/.&/&$l&:;7]Q:5K>&gQ(=7A5*&e/5&5 >
505&MF W,;7>5>5+.&5&T7M>1AQ2@@ /
50D&H5%M41/50$F:7X9=Œ.&*&Iq0/29A57B/
*&()&/,9A5(=9>q0/50!5>L1Fj&g(=7/*&550T
7H(=*&550T;5&W9&C2(=.{9*&550T;Q2&$7Z1&W
5&M7(R /50D > B50C&>7L1e/FX9=7>5>50(=
&H5K>7X9= Z*&()*&*+,&$7,K>9A550&g,!1L1E*5&H5
7J =>&&<9/&E5K(R >7>5+;K>%V
%JDe/9i)%27>5+F,K>&:9 9/5C&&HK(R7(R5&T
&:50 Y.:+&A+QT15>41JKL5&MN Z*&550T
>7>5+;7@K>SX9=YQI >5>:;7>5+50!)%25&V
&:7UQAI*&**&550T >/&E5K(R;7>5+F
X9=&()506&;A1;*&()*&*+, >&$;*&()*&*5&;
.T950/5&?&(=&:7+;/&E5K(R5>:FFF_7@
/&E5K(R >7>5+@&1;&E5K(R+,&$@
0!K> E7Z9/5C&E*5&H5;K>I*&*41/50$&E57TZ
(=5/50/7+7L15&H.€NN@5&T5H.B* =%V*&550Te/
.&/&$50!5&H=7U5&d7*M,!1L1&A&W*.&5H41J5H50
/7+&:/,F

&V&E5e/7X9=''"K>S+,&$&(= >(d&$_&/,SKE,
(d&$K>950159_F,K>&g95j7(Rf7TP7B&%V7X
9=e/''"&:/,50&>50(dF@K>5(5(2;K>%V7B&&(=&
+, >&$;*&()*&*9=>,.&1,H.&C&&$%&5V&$;5V*&5&1,
%.H; !7@ /50D&(=y >.&7@(d+,*&I&T17V)
,!1L1e/&$%&7T1E*5&5;7B&&(=95!1&$5W*;5X
&M;&(=y&$%&&e7A&W5&M;5(1,;5&V&>&;%5+50

41506&5H*&W505&MF&!+,&$K>9A541506&&+57Aq0/
K>+, >&$F@K>&/&5J57AQ:&M509A59J41/&:
5&J&E5Fc7C&e/41506&>,K>&<9&6&5&>&&(d&$&:
5&J505&M.&/&$;.kY;.kPI >.&IY W >5&V
5qF-H541IK>50/QB&&$%&.H5&M)QI;/506&7A
&$ E&(d&$.TI9]5.H5&M;*&()*&*&+57A >Y
KV5X&M5&V5qF
041506&&+57A+, >&$5&6&5J+,e/ !g
/50D&e7+%&5J&$e/&$%&K>&e7A&+57A5C&V;
%5+;Y7A7T5H*5&1.H5&M.&/&$Fr1506&+, >&$
K>&/&+57A@%V57AQ:&MKy&/1FGH1&/&+57A>,
5&0d&/15&6.&DK>9A541506&g/F"+57A+,&$&n@
&:141I.&@QH557A.C&5&C&;.&)W,2(d&$&g&1L1
9=F"+57A&$&n@&:141I.&@QH5*&5&1,5C&5V;7AKW*;
%5+ >5C&V7TKk&&A.H5&MF