CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN, CÂU ĐIỀU ƯỚC VÀ THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH (CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC CỦA CÔ VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG)

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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I. CÁCH DÙNG CƠ BẢN

1. Loại I
- Nếu mệnh ñề IF diễn tả một hành ñộng có thật và sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai hoặc hiện tại, hay một sự thật
luôn luôn ñúng, ta dùng cấu trúc:
If + S + Simple Present, S + will/ Simple Present/ modal Verb.
Ex: If I work late, I get tired.
If you get wet, you should change your clothes.
If I have money, I will buy the car.

- Diễn tả một sự thật luôn luôn ñúng ở quá khứ. Ta có cấu trúc:
If + S + Simple Past, S+ Simple Past.
Ex: We went home early if it was foggy.

2. Loại II
Diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại. Ta dùng cấu trúc:
If + S + Simple Past ( Past subjunctive), S + would + V
Ex: If I were you, I would buy this car.
If I had money, I would buy this car. ( Lúc này tôi ko có tiền.  Tôi không thể mua xe.)

Lưu ý: Simple Past ở mệnh ñề IF ñối với TO BE, luôn dùng WERE. (Trừ văn nói)

3. Loại III:
Diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ. Ta dùng cấu trúc:
If + S + Past Perfect, S + would have + Past Participle
Ex: If I had had money, I would have bought the car.
( Vào thời ñiểm ñó trong quá khứ, tôi không có tiền.)

II. SỰ BIẾN ðỔI CÂU

1. Unless và if not (trừ khi)
Unless/ If not + clause
Ex: You will be late for dinner unless you hurry.

You will be late for dinner if you don't hurry.
( Nếu bạn không làm gấp, bạn sẽ trễ bữa cơm.)


BỐN LOẠI CÂU ðIỀU KIỆN VÀ
CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ðỀ THI
(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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2. Cấu trúc 1:
Diễn tả một sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ, nhưng có kết quá ở hiện tại. Ta có cấu trúc:
If + S + past perfect, S + would + V
Ex: If Jim hadn't missed the plane, he would be here by now.
( Jim ở ñây vì anh ta trễ chuyến bay.)

3. Cấu trúc với SHOULD.
Sau IF, nó diễn tả một sự việc khó có thể xảy ra. Ta dùng:
If + S + should + V, clause
Ex: If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me?
( Tôi không mong ñợi rằng bạn sẽ gặp Ann.)

4. Cấu trúc với HAPPEN TO
Dùng ñể nhấn mạnh sự tình cờ hoặc cơ hội của một sự việc.
If + S + Happen to, clasue.
Ex: If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
( Nếu bạn tình cờ gặp Helen, bạn nhắn cô ấy gọi mình nhé?)

5. Cấu trúc với IF IT WERE NOT FOR/ IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR
Dùng ñể miêu tả một sự việc này phụ thuộc vào sự việc kia.
If + it + were not for / hadn't been for + Noun, clause.
Ex: If it were not for Jim, this company would be in a mess
If it hadn't been for the goalkeeper, Vietnam would have lost.
( Nếu không có thủ môn, chắc Việt Nam ñã thua rồi.)

III. MỘT SỐ CÁCH DÙNG KHÁC

1. Supposing, otherwise
Supposing/ Suppose thay thế mệnh ñề IF (câu ñiều kiện) trong văn nói.
Ex: Supposing you won the football match, what would you do?
( Nếu bạn thắng trong trận ñá bóng, bạn sẽ làm gì?)

Otherwise nghĩa là " hoặc nếu ko". Nó có thể ñứng ở ñầu câu hay cuối câu.
Ex: If you hadn't given us the directions, we wouldn't have found the house.
=> Thanks for your directions to the house. We wouldn't have found it otherwise.
(Cảm ơn sự chỉ dẫn của bạn. Chúng tôi sẽ không tìm ra căn nhà nếu không có nó.)

2. Cấu trúc BUT FOR.
Nó thay thế cho cấu trúc " IF NOT". Dạng này thường sử dụng trong văn phong lịch sự.
BUT FOR + Noun…
Ex: If you hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble.
=> But for your help, we would have been in trouble.



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3. Cấu trúc: If + adjcetive.

If + adjective, clause.
Dạng này ñược lược bỏ TO BE.
Ex: If necessary, you can take a taxi.

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
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Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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A. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. I would have visited you before if there__________quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____________ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been
C. wouldn't be D. would be
3. If I ________, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If________ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I __________ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal

6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It________better if you________to her.
A. would have been / hadn't lied C. would be / didn't lie
B. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he_____________his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we__________her to.
A. wouldn't advise C. won't advise
B. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ______________it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb
C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____________ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _______her phone number, I ___________ her.
A. had known / could have phoned C. knew / would have phoned
B. know / can phone D. knew / could phone
12. If we________ to London when we ___________ in England, you would have never seen Big Ben.
A. hadn't gone / were B. went / were
C. went / are D. go / are
13. If you press that button what _____________ ?
A. would happen B. would have happened
C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she that the traffic lights were red she_________________ .
A. had realized / would stop C. realized / could have stopped
B. has realized / stopped D. had realized / would have stopped
BỐN LOẠI CÂU ðIỀU KIỆN VÀ
CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ðỀ THI
(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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15. I am very thin. I think, if I ____________ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _______that yesterday, I___________ them.
A. had discovered / would inform C. had discovered / would have informed
B. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform
17. If you __________ to the course regularly, they__________a certificate last year.
A. go / gave C. go / give
B. had gone / would have given D. went / would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he______________in, he_______the phone.
A. was / answered C. were / would answer
B. were / would have answered D. had been / would have answered
19. If I ________ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If Columbus________money from Queen Isabella, he________ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive / could not sail C. had not received / might not have sailed
B. did not receive / might not have sailed D. would not receive / might not sail
21. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you_________ more good-looking.
A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be
22. If your hair___________ grey now, what________you______ ?
A. went / would / do C. goes / would /do
B. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done

23. If you_________ be someone, who ____________you_________ ?
A. could / would / have been C. could / would / be
B. can / will / be D. are able to / will / be
24. If I ___________an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.
A. am B. have been C. were D. had been
25. John would be taking a great risk if he_______________his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
26. It __________if nobody had reminded them.
A. would have be forgot B. would have been forgotten
C. would have forget D. would have been forgot
27. The car ___________ if somebody takes it there.
A. will be repaired B. would be repaired
C. will been repaired D. is repair
28. You ________ to prison if you did that.
A. would be send B. would have been sent
C. would be sent D. were sent
29. You would study Italian if it _____________ here.
A. was teaching B. were taught C. would be taught D. is taught
30. It ___________if nobody reminded them
A. was forgotten B. would be forget
C. would be forgot D. would forgot
31. The magazine___________ by more people if it had better articles.
A. would be reading B. would read
C. would be read D. been read
Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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32. The joke would not be funny if it ___________ into French.
A. were translated B. was translated C. was be translated D. translated
33. A doctor______________if somebody falls ill.
A. will be cold for B. will be called for
C. will call for D. would be call for
34. Would she go if she___________?
A. were invited B. was be invited C. have been invited D. be invited
35. He ______ the death penalty if he were found guilty.
A. would be given B. would be gave
C. would given D. were given
36. Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb__________ by the Nazus first.
A. had be produced B. had produced
C. had been produced D. would be produced
37. The room __________ if it is not empty.
A. couldn't be repainted B. cannot be repainted
C. could be repainted D. can be repainted
38. He _______ the death penalty if he had been found guilty.
A. would has given B. would has been given
C. would have given D. would have been given
39. The cars ________ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign.
A. would not have been bought B. would not have be bought
C. would have been bought D. would not had been bought
40. If I were a better conversationalist , ______________ to parties more often?
A. I would be invited B. I would have been invited
C. would I be invited D. would I have been invited
41. The window _______ if the children had not been playing football in the garden.
A. wouldn't has been broken B. wouldn't have been broken

C. would have been broken D. would be broken
42. They would have cut off the electricity if the bills ____________.
A. had not be paid B. had not been paid
C. had not been pay D. had not paid
43. Leonardo could have built his flying machine if he____________400 years later.
A. had been born B. had been bear
C. has been born D. had bore
44. I would not have walked home if my bicycle______________.
A. hadn't been stolen B. had been stolen
C. has been stolen D. had stolen
45. This country could be richer if it_________________.
A. was not governed badly B. was not badly governed
C. was governed not badly D. were not governed badly
46. If I _________ a young girl again and___________the chance to do something else.
A. was / have C. will have been / will have had
B. would be / have had D. were / had


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Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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47. I could never have found such a good summer house,___________, thank you.
A. if I weren't unemployed C. if it hadn't been for your help
B. if I had managed to finish that work D. unless I work six hours a day

48. We ________ their house without asking anyone if we_____a street - map that day.
A. could have found / had had C. will have found / had had
B. could find / had D. will find / have
49. Car accidents________less if people__________more carefully.
A. would take place / had driven C. will take place / drove
B. will be taking place / drive D. would take place / drove
50. _________you________disappointed if there ______ no snow for this winter holiday?
A. Would / be / was B. Will / be / is
C. Will / be / are D. Could / be / is
51. If she____________yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.
A. finished it B. finishes it
C. had finished it D. has finished it
52. If your father weren't the president of the company, you _____________ here.
A. wouldn't have worked B. won't work
C. wouldn't be working D. don't work
53. If I___________for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office.
A. wasn't working B. worked
C. hadn't worked D. weren't working
54. What would you have done if you_______________a lot of money?
A. had B. will C. had had D. have had
55. If we had known that you were there, we________________you a letter.
A. would write B. would have write
C. would have written D. had written
56. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we_____________here.
A. wouldn't stop B. wouldn't have stopped
C. would have stopped D. would stop
57. I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I____________so tired.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. wouldn't have been D. hadn't been

B. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.

1. If Mary would have been
more careful in proofreading her dissertation, she would not have had to get it
A B C D
typed again.
2. Would you
buy some banana if the greengrocer's is still open?
A B C D
3. If
the driver had seen the stop sign, the accident wouldn't happen.
A B C D
4. If I am
in your place, I would not do so.
A B C D
5. If we had
a big house, we can invite our friends to stay.
A B C D

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Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

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6. You eat fruits when they are ripe. If you eat them when they are still sour, you might have stomachache.
A B C D
7. If you sold your
house, you didn't get much money for it.

A B C D
8. What would you do
if you have chance to travel in the submarine?
A B C D
9. If Mr. Black weren't
late, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A B C D
10. What could happen
if the police hadn't arrived so quickly?
A B C D
11. If
the weather was fine, we would surely go out.
A B C D
12. If I had
enough money, I would have bought that car today.
A B C D
13. He
would be happy if he is here now.
A B C D
14. What
would you have do if you were in my position?
A B C D
15. If
he had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A B C D
16.If I was
you now, I would accept his suggestion.
A B C D
17. If it doesn't rain
tonight, we would go to the Cafe

A B C D
18. If
I were you, I will help him
A B C D
19. If
he had arrived late, we would begin without him.
A B C D
20. No one would have attended
the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.
A B C D

C. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1. I was not there yesterday, so I could not help you.
A. If I was there yesterday, I could help you.
B. Had I been there yesterday, I could have helped you.
C. If I had been there yesterday, I could have helped you.
D. B and C are correct.
2. You didn't tell me your story, so I couldn't help you.
A. If you told me the story, I could help you.
B. If only you told me your story.
C. If you had told me the story, I could have helped you.
D. Did you tell me your story, I could help you.
3. If Nam hadn't gone to school yesterday, he wouldn't have understood that lesson.
A. Nam didn't go to school yesterday and he didn't understand that lesson
B. Nam went to school yesterday but he didn't understand that lesson.
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C. Nam didn't go to school yesterday but he understood that lesson.
D. Nam went to school yesterday and understood that lesson.
4. He doesn't study hard, so he can fail the examination.
A. If he studies hard, he won't fail the examination.
B. If he didn't study hard, so he wouldn't fail the examination.
C. He wouldn't have failed the examination if he had studied hard.
D. If he studied hard, he wouldn't fail the examination.
5. She worked hard so she got high wages.
A. If she didn't work hard, she wouldn't get high wages.
B. If she had worked hard, she would have got high wages.
C. If she hadn't worked hard, she wouldn't have got high wages.
D. If she worked hard, she would get high wages.
6. Mary felt sick because she drank too much wine.
A. If Mary hadn't drunk too much wine, she wouldn't have felt sick.
B. If Mary had drunk too much wine, she would have felt sick.
C. If Mary didn't drink too much wine, she wouldn't feel sick.
D. A & C are correct.
7. I didn't have time, so I didn't go shopping.
A. If I have time, I will go shopping.
B. If I had time, I would go shopping.
C. If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
D. If I have had time, I would have gone shopping.
8. She doesn't know English, so she can't translate English books.
A. If she knows English, she can translate English books.
B. If she knew English, she can translate English books.
C. If she knew English, she could translate English books.

D. If she knows English, she could translate English books.
9. Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got cold
A. If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold
B. If Mary had won the raincoat, she didn't get a cold
C. If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
D. If Mary has worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
10. You didn't work hard. You got bad marks.
A. Had you worked hard, you would have got bad marks.
B. If you had worked hard, you would not have got bad marks.
C. If you worked hard, you would not get bad marks.
D. Did you work hard, you would not get bad marks.

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Bốn loại câu điều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong đề thi

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A. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. I would have visited you before if there__________quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't
B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't

2. If you had caught the bus, you _____________ late for work.

A. wouldn't have been B. would have been
C. wouldn't be D. would be
3. If I ________, I would express my feelings.

A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If________ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done
B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I __________ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal
D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It________better if you________to her.

A. would have been / hadn't lied C. would be / didn't lie
B. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he_____________his money in that business.
A. would invest
B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we__________her to.
A. wouldn't advise C. won't advise

B. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ______________it up to take his kite down.

A. could have climbed B. climb
C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____________ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed

B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _______her phone number, I ___________ her.

A. had known / could have phoned C. knew / would have phoned
B. know / can phone D. knew / could phone
12. If we________ to London when we ___________ in England, you would have never seen Big Ben.

A. hadn't gone / were B. went / were
C. went / are D. go / are
13. If you press that button what _____________ ?
A. would happen B. would have happened

C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she__________that the traffic lights were red she _______________ .
A. had realized / would stop C. realized / could have stopped
B. has realized / stopped
D. had realized / would have stopped
BỐN LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ
CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ THI
(ðÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Bốn loại câu điều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong đề thi

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15. I am very thin. I think, if I ____________ smoking, I might get fat.

A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _______that yesterday, I___________ them.
A. had discovered / would inform
C. had discovered / would have informed
B. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform
17. If you __________ to the course regularly, they__________a certificate last year.
A. go / gave C. go / give

B. had gone / would have given D. went / would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he______________in, he_______the phone.
A. was / answered
C. were / would answer
B. were / would have answered D. had been / would have answered
19. If I ________ in London now, I could visit British Museum.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If Columbus________money from Queen Isabella, he________ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive / could not sail
C. had not received / might not have sailed
B. did not receive / might not have sailed D. would not receive / might not sail
21. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you_________ more good-looking.
A. will be
B. would be C. would have been D. can be
22. If your hair___________ grey now, what________you______ ?

A. went / would / do C. goes / would /do
B. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done

23. If you_________ be someone, who ____________you_________ ?
A. could / would / have been
C. could / would / be
B. can / will / be D. are able to / will / be
24. If I ___________an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.
A. am B. have been
C. were D. had been
25. John would be taking a great risk if he_______________his money in that business.
A. would invest
B. invested C. had invested D. invests
26. It __________if nobody had reminded them.
A. would have be forgot
B. would have been forgotten
C. would have forget D. would have been forgot
27. The car ___________ if somebody takes it there.

A. will be repaired B. would be repaired
C. will been repaired D. is repair
28. You ________ to prison if you did that.
A. would be send B. would have been sent

C. would be sent D. were sent
29. You would study Italian if it _____________ here.
A. was teaching
B. were taught C. would be taught D. is taught
30. It ___________if nobody reminded them
A. was forgotten B. would be forget
C. would be forgot D. would forgot
31. The magazine___________ by more people if it had better articles.
A. would be reading B. would read

C. would be read D. been read
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32. The joke would not be funny if it ___________ into French.
A. were translated B. was translated C. was be translated D. translated
33. A doctor______________if somebody falls ill.
A. will be cold for
B. will be called for
C. will call for D. would be call for
34. Would she go if she___________?

A. were invited B. was be invited C. have been invited D. be invited
35. He ______ the death penalty if he were found guilty.

A. would be given B. would be gave
C. would given D. were given
36. Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb__________ by the Nazus first.
A. had be produced B. had produced

C. had been produced D. would be produced
37. The room __________ if it is not empty.
A. couldn't be repainted
B. cannot be repainted

C. could be repainted D. can be repainted
38. He _______ the death penalty if he had been found guilty.
A. would has given B. would has been given
C. would have given D. would have been given
39. The cars ________ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign.

A. would not have been bought B. would not have be bought
C. would have been bought D. would not had been bought
40. If I were a better conversationalist , ______________ to parties more often?
A. I would be invited B. I would have been invited

C. would I be invited D. would I have been invited
41. The window _______ if the children had not been playing football in the garden.
A. wouldn't has been broken
B. wouldn't have been broken
C. would have been broken D. would be broken
42. They would have cut off the electricity if the bills ____________.
A. had not be paid
B. had not been paid
C. had not been pay D. had not paid
43. Leonardo could have built his flying machine if he____________400 years later.

A. had been born B. had been bear
C. has been born D. had bore
44. I would not have walked home if my bicycle______________.

A. hadn't been stolen B. had been stolen
C. has been stolen D. had stolen
45. This country could be richer if it_________________.
A. was not governed badly B. was not badly governed

C. was governed not badly
D. were not governed badly
46. If I _________ a young girl again and___________the chance to do something else.
A. was / have C. will have been / will have had
B. would be / have had
D. were / had


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47. I could never have found such a good summer house,___________, thank you.
A. if I weren't unemployed
C. if it hadn't been for your help
B. if I had managed to finish that work D. unless I work six hours a day
48. We ________ their house without asking anyone if we_____a street - map that day.

A. could have found / had had C. will have found / had had
B. could find / had D. will find / have
49. Car accidents________less if people__________more carefully.
A. would take place / had driven C. will take place / drove

B. will be taking place / drive D. would take place / drove
50. _________you________disappointed if there ______ no snow for this winter holiday?

A. Would / be / was
B. Will / be / is
C. Will / be / are D. Could / be / is
51. If she____________yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.

A. finished it B. finishes it
C. had finished it D. has finished it
52. If your father weren't the president of the company, you _____________ here.
A. wouldn't have worked B. won't work

C. wouldn't be working D. don't work
53. If I___________for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office.
A. wasn't working B. worked
C. hadn't worked
D. weren't working
54. What would you have done if you_______________a lot of money?
A. had B. will
C. had had D. have had
55. If we had known that you were there, we________________you a letter.
A. would write B. would have write

C. would have written D. had written
56. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we_____________here.
A. wouldn't stop
B. wouldn't have stopped
C. would have stopped D. would stop
57. I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I____________so tired.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. wouldn't have been
D. hadn't been

B. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. If Mary
would have been more careful in proofreading her dissertation, she would not have had to get it

A B C D
typed again.
2.
Would you buy some bananas if the greengrocer's is still open?

A B C D
3. If
the driver had seen the stop sign, the accident wouldn't happen.
A B C
D
4. If I
am in your place, I would not do so.

A B C D
5. If we had a big house, we can invite our friends to stay.
A B C D
6. You eat fruits when they are ripe. If you eat them when they are still sour, you might have stomachache.
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A B C D
7. If you sold your
house, you didn't get much money for it.
A
B C D
8. What would you do
if you have chance to travel in the submarine?
A
B C D
9. If Mr. Black
weren't late, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A B C D
10. What
could happen if the police hadn't arrived so quickly?

A B C D
11. If
the weather was fine, we would surely go out.
A
B C D
12. If I had
enough money, I would have bought that car today.
A B
C D

13. He
would be happy if he is here now.
A B C
D

14. What
would you have do if you were in my position?
A
B C D
15. If
I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A
B C D
16.If I
was you now, I would accept his suggestion.

A B C D
17. If it doesn't rain
tonight, we would go to the Cafe
A B
C D
18. If
I were you, I will help him
A B
C D
19. If
he had arrived late, we would begin without him.
A B
C D
20. No one would have attended
the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.
A
B C D

C. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:

1. I was not there yesterday, so I could not help you.
A. If I was there yesterday, I could help you.
B. Had I been there yesterday, I could have helped you.
C. If I had been there yesterday, I could have helped you.
D. B and C are correct.
2. You didn't tell me your story, so I couldn't help you.
A. If you told me the story, I could help you.
B. If only you told me your story.
C. If you had told me the story, I could have helped you.
D. Did you tell me your story, I could help you.
3. If Nam hadn't gone to school yesterday, he wouldn't have understood that lesson.
A. Nam didn't go to school yesterday and he didn't understand that lesson
B. Nam went to school yesterday but he didn't understand that lesson.
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C. Nam didn't go to school yesterday but he understood that lesson.
D. Nam went to school yesterday and understood that lesson.
4. He doesn't study hard, so he can fail the examination.
A. If he studies hard, he won't fail the examination.
B. If he didn't study hard, so he wouldn't fail the examination.
C. He wouldn't have failed the examination if he had studied hard.
D. If he studied hard, he wouldn't fail the examination.
5. She worked hard so she got high wages.

A. If she didn't work hard, she wouldn't get high wages.
B. If she had worked hard, she would have got high wages.

C. If she hadn't worked hard, she wouldn't have got high wages.
D. If she worked hard, she would get high wages.


6.
Mary felt sick because she drank too much wine.
A.
If Mary hadn't drunk too much wine, she wouldn't have felt sick.
B. If Mary had drunk too much wine, she would have felt sick.
C. If Mary didn't drink too much wine, she wouldn't feel sick.
D. A & C are correct.
7.
I didn't have time, so I didn't go shopping.
A. If I have time, I will go shopping.
B. If I had time, I would go shopping.
C.
If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
D. If I have had time, I would have gone shopping.
8.
She doesn't know English, so she can't translate English books.
A. If she knows English, she can translate English books.
B. If she knew English, she can translate English books.
C.
If she knew English, she could translate English books.
D. If she knows English, she could translate English books.
9.
Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got cold

A. If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold
B. If Mary had won the raincoat, she didn't get a cold
C.
If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
D. If Mary has worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
10.
You didn't work hard. You got bad marks.
A. Had you worked hard, you would have got bad marks.
B.
If you had worked hard, you would not have got bad marks.
C. If you worked hard, you would not get bad marks.
D. Did you work hard, you would not get bad marks.

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
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Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC

ðộng từ “wish” ñược dùng ñể diễn tả một ñiều ước, một mong ước trái với thực tế.

1. Câu ước ở hiện tại (Present wish)
S + wish + (that) + S + V (simple past)
Note: ðộng từ to be chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi
Ex: I wish I knew how to fly an airplane.
I wish I had a lot of friends at school.
He wish he were a pilot.

2. Câu ước ở quá khứ (Past wish)
S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect
Ex: I wish I had gone to the theater with you last night.

3. Câu ước ở tương lai (Future wish)
S + wish + (that) + S + could/would + V
Were + V_ing
Ex: We wish that you could come to the party tonight
I wish you would stop saying that.

THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH

Câu giả ñịnh hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu ñối tượng thứ nhất muốn ñối tượng thứ hai làm một
việc gì. Câu giả ñịnh có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu
giả ñịnh, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có to của các ñộng từ sau một số ñộng từ chính mang tính
cầu khiến. Thường có that trong câu giả ñịnh trừ một số trường hợp ñặc biệt.

1. Dùng với would rather that
Ngữ pháp hiện ñại ngày nay ñặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép dùng would rather mà không cần
dùng that trong loại câu này.
Ex: We would rather (that) he not take this train.

2. Dùng với ñộng từ
Bảng sau là những ñộng từ ñòi hỏi mệnh ñề sau nó phải ở dạng giả ñịnh và trong câu bắt buộc phải
có that trong trường hợp ñó.

advise
demand
ask
insist
command
move
decree
order
CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC VÀ CÁC THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH
(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
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prefer
require
propose
stipulate
recommend

suggest
request
urge

ðộng từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ ñịnh ñặt not sau
chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.

Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form] +
Ex: The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking.

3. Dùng với tính từ.
Bảng sau là một số các tính từ ñòi hỏi mệnh ñề sau nó phải ở dạng giả ñịnh, trong câu bắt buộc phải
có that và ñộng từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to.

advised
necessary
recommended
urgent
important
obligatory
required
imperative
mandatory
proposed
suggested

Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có một số tính từ là phân từ 2 cấu tạo từ các ñộng từ ở bảng trên. Nếu muốn
cấu tạo phủ ñịnh ñặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.

It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form]
Ex: It is necessary that he find the books.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proprosed that we change the topic.
It has been proprosed that we not change the topic.

Nếu bỏ that ñi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, ñộng từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và
câu mất tính chất giả ñịnh trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
Ex: It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
It has been proprosed for us to change the topic.
It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic.

Note:
•
Câu giả ñịnh dùng với hai loại trên thường ñược dùng trong các văn bản hoặc thư giao dịch diễn
ñạt lời ñề nghị từ phía A -> B mà không có tính bắt buộc.
•
Không chỉ có ñộng từ và tính từ mới ñược dùng theo dạng này, tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ
những ñộng từ và tính từ trên ñều buộc mệnh ñề sau nó phải ở dạng giả ñịnh, nếu như nó diễn ñạt
các yếu tố trên.
Ex: There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court

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Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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4. Thể giả ñịnh trong một số trường hợp khác
•
Dùng ñể diễn ñạt một ước muốn hoặc một lời nguyền rủa, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên
Ex: God be with you = Good bye.
Curse this toad: Chết tiệt cái con cóc này
•
If need be = If necessary = Nếu cần
Ex: If need be, we can take another road.
•
Dùng với ñộng từ to be, bỏ to sau if ñể chỉ một sự giả ñịnh chưa ñược phân ñịnh rõ ràng là ñúng
hay sai.
Ex: If that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he's innocent.
•
Be that as it may = whether that is true or not = Cho dù là phải thế hay không.
Ex: Be that as it may, you have to accept it.
•
Then so be it: Cứ phải vậy thôi.
Ex: If we have to pay $2,000, then so be it (thì cứ phải trả thôi)
•
Câu giả ñịnh dùng với it + to be + time
o
It's time (for sb) to do smt: ñã ñến lúc ai phải làm gì (Thời gian vừa vặn, không mang tính
giả ñịnh).
Ex: It's time for me to get to the airport: ðã ñến lúc tôi phải ra sân bay.
o
It's time (hightime/about time) (for sb) did smt: ñã ñến lúc mà (thời gian ñã trễ, mang tính
giả ñịnh)

Ex: It's time I got to the airport.
It's hightime the city government did smt to stop the traffic jam.

BẢI TẬP TRÊN LỚP

Bài 1: Chia ñộng từ trong ngoặc
1. I wish I (know) something about computers.
2. I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday.
3. It’s high time the children (prepare) their lesson. They are watching TV now.
4. If only it (be) warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold.
5. Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) hard.
6. I’d rather my teacher (give) fewer compositions tonight.
7. My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) their servants.
8. Nick is quite ready for the exam. It looks as if he (prepare) everything.
9. I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday.
10. They are making so much noise. It looks as if they (have) a party.
11. If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car.

Bài 2: Viết lại câu
1. He appears to be running away from your fierce dog.
 It looks……………………………………
2. I would love to be rich and famous.
 If only………………………….
3. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico.
 I wish………………………………………

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4. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
 It’s high time……………………………………
5. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party.
 I really wish I………………………………
6. Would you mind not smoking here?
 I’d rather…………………………
7. Please don’t say things like that.
 I wish………………………

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1. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present Subjunctive of the verbs shown in brackets.
For example: They insisted that she _____ at once. (to come)

 They insisted that she come
at once.
The proposal that she ______ us has merit. (to meet)
 The proposal that she meet
us has merit.

1. He suggested that I _________ ready by eight o'clock. (to be)
2. We request that she _________ the window. (to open)
3. They demanded that he _________ the room. (to leave)
4. I will ask that she _____________ me. (to accompany)
5. They recommended that he _________ to Bermuda. (to fly)
6. The request that we ______ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be)
7. The recommendation that she ______ a holiday was carried out. (to take)
8. It is necessary that you _________ able to come with us. (to be)
9. They asked that we _________ standing. (to remain)
10. The requirement that he _________ work will be hard to meet. (to find)
11. It is important that he _________ everything he can. (to learn)
12. The demand that she __________ the report has been carried out. (to complete)

2. Complete each of the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb shown in
brackets.
For example: They wished they ___ not ____. (to come)
 They wished they had
not come.
I wish I ________ ready on time. (to be)
 I wish I had been
ready on time.
Will she wish she __________ her bicycle? (to ride)
 Will she wish she had ridden
her bicycle?

1. I wish I ______ not ____________ the answers. (to lose)
2. They wished they ______ not _____________ the appointment. (to forget)
3. He will wish he __________________ us the book. (to show)
4. Will they wish we __________________ them some food? (to give)
5. We wish it _______________ yesterday. (to snow)
6. She wished she ______ not _________ the window. (to open)
7. I wished I _______________ the news. (to hear)
8. You wish you _______________ what to do. (to know)


CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC VÀ CÁC THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH
(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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3. Complete each of the following sentences with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb shown in
brackets.
For example: He wished he ____ able to do it. (to be)
 He wished he were
able to do it.
I wish I ______ with you. (to agree)

 I wish I agreed
with you.
They will wish they _____ time to come. (to have)
 They will wish they had
time to come.

1. I wish it _________ possible to finish the work tonight. (to be)
2. Will he wish he ______ ready? (to be)
3. She wished she _________ how to sing. (to know)
4. We wish they ____________ to come with us. (to want)
5. You wished you ___________ better. (to feel)
6. They will wish it _________ warmer. (to be)
7. Does he wish he ____________ younger? (to be)
8. I wish I _________ the subject more interesting. (to find)

4. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would.
For example: They wished the sun ___________. (to shine)
 They wished the sun would shine
.
Does she wish it __________? (to snow)
 Does she wish it would snow
?
You will wish the bell _________. (to ring)
 You will wish the bell would ring
.

1. They wished she __________________ the arrangements. (to make)
2. He will wish you __________________ him. (to help)
3. She wishes the mail _______________. (to come)
4. We wished they _________________. (to hurry)

5. You will wish the door _________________. (to open)
6. They wish we _________________ for them. (to wait)
7. I wish you _________________ to me. (to write)
8. Will she wish you _______________ her? (to join)

5. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete each of the following sentences with
the correct form of the verb shown in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Subjunctive, the Simple Past
Subjunctive, or the Simple conjugation with would, depending on whether the time of the action referred to
in the subordinate clause is earlier than, the same as, or later than, the time of making the wish.
For example: We wished they _________ us earlier. (to call)
 We wished they had called
us earlier.
She wishes she ____ in Rome now
. (to be)
 She wishes she were
in Rome now.
I wish you __________ with us tomorrow. (to come)
 I wish you would come with us tomorrow.
Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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1. I wish he ___________ here now. (to be)
2. I wish that you _____________ here yesterday
. (to be)

3. We wish you ________________ tomorrow
. (to come)
4. You will wish you ______________ earlier
. (to leave)
5. They wished he _________________ with them the next day
. (to come)
6. We wish you ________________ yesterday
. (to arrive)
7. I wish that he ______________ us next year
. (to visit)
8. She wishes that she ___________ at home now
. (to be)
9. You wish that he ______________ you last week
. (to help)
10. He will always
wish he ____________ rich. (to be)
11. The boy wished that he ____________ the competition the next day
. (to win)
12. She will wish she _____________ the arrangements earlier
. (to make)
13. I wish the weather ____________ warmer now
. (to be)
14. We always
wished we ____________ fluent in other languages. (to be)
15. They wish he ________________ them next week
. (to telephone)

6. For each of the following sentences, rewrite the subordinate clause, using the form in which the
word if is omitted.
For example: If I were in your position, I would pay close attention.

 Were I in your position
, I would pay close attention.
If it had been raining, we would have used our umbrellas.
 Had it been raining
, we would have used our umbrellas.

1. If he were here, he would lend us his car.
2. If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card.
3. If we were not waiting for a telephone call, we would go downtown.
4. If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her.
5. If I had been intending to go shopping, I would have let you know.
6. If you had seen the movie, you would have liked it.
7. If it were not snowing, we would go out.
8. If he had been shoveling the walk, we would have seen him.

7. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would.
For example: We __________ if we were ready. (to come)
 We would come
if we were ready.
_____ you _____ more if you had time? (to travel)
 Would
you travel more if you had time?
If they saw us, they _____ not _________ us. (to recognize)
 If they saw us, they would
not recognize us.
_____ you not ____ glad if you were rich? (to be)
 Would
you not be glad if you were rich?

1. If we were hitchhiking, ________ you ________ to pick us up? (to stop)

2. If we waited for him, we ________ not ________ on time. (to be)
3. ________ he ________ us know if we made a mistake? (to let)
Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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4. I ________ not _______ to have a party if you were not there. (to want)
5. If you knew more about her, you ________________ your opinion. (to change)
6. ________ you ________ pizza if you did not like it? (to order)
7. ________ they not ________ to come if we asked them? (to agree)
8. We ________ not _________ a car unless we were insured. (to drive)

8. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with would.
For example: If it had rained, I ________________ at home. (to stay)
 If it had rained, I would have stayed
at home.
_____ you _________ with us if we had asked you? (to come)
 Would
you have come with us if we had asked you?
If he had hurried, he _____ not ___________ the bus. (to miss)
 If he had hurried, he would
not have missed the bus.
_____ she not __________ if she had seen us? (to wave)
 Would
she not have waved if she had seen us?

1. If he had arrived late, ________ we ______________ without him? (to begin)
2. If they had felt thirsty, ________ they not _____________ the lemonade? (to drink)
3. If we had been here, we _______ not ______________ the fireworks. (to miss)
4. If his office had called, _______ he not _______________ to work? (to return)
5. She _______ not _______________ early if she had not had a good reason. (to leave)
6. If they had searched more carefully, they _____________________ the watch sooner. (to find)
7. If you had visited Rome, _______ you ____________ to the opera? (to go)
8. She ______________________ down if she had been tired. (to lie)

9. The following statements contain false or improbable conditions. Paying attention to the underlined
adverbs indicating time, complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the appropriate
conjugations with would. use the Simple conjugation for actions pertaining to the present or the future,
and use the Perfect conjugation for actions pertaining to the past.
For example: If you came with us now
, you _________ everything. (to see)
 If you came with us now
, you would see everything.
_____ he __________ us yesterday
if we had slept in? (to wake)
 Would
he have woken us yesterday if we had slept in?

1. If he were here now
he _______ not ___________ to help us. (to hesitate)
2. I ___________________ the book last week
if I had known you wanted it. (to finish)
3. ______ you ______________ to him last night
if you had seen him? (to speak)
4. If they were old enough, they __________________ the contest next week

. (to enter)
5. ______ she not ____________ a vacation now
if she had more time? (to take)
6. If he had sent a message, we ______________________ it two days ago
. (to receive)
7. I ____________________ it if you came with me now
. (to appreciate)
8. ______ she not ________ grateful if we offered to help her tomorrow
? (to be)
9. ______ he _____________ yesterday
if he had entered the race? (to win)
10. _______ they not __________________ more books last month if they had noticed the stock was low?
(to order)
Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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11. _______ she not ___________ us now if she knew where we lived? (to visit)
12. _______ you _________________ cucumbers yesterday
if they had been on sale? (to buy)

10. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Simple Past
Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets.
For example: If he ____ in town, he would call us. (to be)
 If he were

in town, he would call us.
Would you go to the party if you ________ an invitation? (to receive)
 Would you go to the party if you received
an invitation?
If he ___ not ____ his work, he would find another job. (to like)
 If he did
not like his work, he would find another job.

1. If he ________ rich, he would travel. (to be)
2. _________ I not anxious to meet him, I would stay at home. (to be)
3. He would have more free time if he ______ not _________ so hard. (to work)
4. If I _________ a car, I would visit Cape Breton. (to have)
5. We would take the bus if it _________ to snow. (to begin)
6. If you _________ him, you would surely recognize him. (to see)
7. I would not confide in him if I _______ not _________ him. (to trust)
8. If we _______ not _________ time, we would let you know. (to have)
9. If he _____________ an expedition, I would certainly join it. (to organize)
10. I would not worry about it if I _________ you. (to be)

11. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Past Perfect
Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets.
For example: If I __________ him to do it, he would have obeyed me. (to order)
 If I had ordered
him to do it, he would have obeyed me.
Had it not ______ yesterday, we would have raked the leaves. (to snow)
 Had
it not snowed yesterday, we would have raked the leaves.

1. I would not have got lost if I ______________ the map. (to study)
2. _______ he _________ at home, we would have visited him. (to be)

3. We would have invited him if we ________________ he would come. (to think)
4. He would have applied for the job if he _______________ the advertisement. (to see)
5. We would not have ordered tea, ______ we __________ how late it was. (to know)
6. ______ it not __________, they would have held the party in the park. (to rain)
7. We would have agreed with you if we _________________ what you meant. (to understand)
8. If you _____________ salt on the steps, they would not have been so slippery. (to put)
9. ______ he ___________ to us, we would have known when to expect him. (to write)
10. If he ________________ to take the course, he would have had to work hard. (to choose)




Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương
Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

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12. The following statements contain false or improbable conditions. Paying attention to the underlined
adverbs indicating time, complete the subordinate clauses with the correct forms of the verbs shown in
brackets. Use the Simple Past Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the present or the future, and use
the Past Perfect Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the past.
For example: If she ____ here now
, she would be admiring the rose bushes. (to be)
 If she were
here now, she would be admiring the rose bushes.
___ he ______ here last week

, we would have met him. (to stay)
 Had
he stayed here last week, we would have met him.

1. If he _________ here now
, we would ask his opinion. (to be)
2. We would have forgotten our tickets last night
, if she ____not ________ us. (to remind)
3. _____ I ________ earlier
, I would have arrived on time yesterday. (to leave)
4. Would you visit Spain next summer
, if you _________ enough money? (to have)
5. If it _________________ yesterday
, we would not need to water the lawn. (to rain)
6. If he _________ you last Wednesday
, he would have asked your advice. (to see)
7. If they __________ to leave now
, they would need special permission. (to want)
8. _____ they _________ of the concert yesterday
, they would have arranged to go. (to know)
9. Would you not have stayed longer last week
, if you ___________ able to? (to be)
10. If they ____________ the letter tomorrow
, they would receive an answer in two weeks. (to write)
11. If he _____________ the book now
, he would enjoy it. (to read)
12. If we _____________ more attention yesterday
, we would know what time to be there. (to pay)

13. Change each of the following sentences from a statement containing a probable condition to a

statement containing a false or improbable condition. Following the model of the examples, change the
underlined verb in the subordinate clause from the Simple Present Indicative to the Simple Past
Subjunctive; and change the underlined verb in the main clause from the Simple Future to the Simple
conjugation with would.
For example: If she is
angry, she will scold us.
 If she were
angry, she would scold us.
If he wins
, we will congratulate him.
 If he won
, we would congratulate him.
They will join
us, if we send them a message.
 They would join
us, if we sent them a message.

1. If they want
to see you, they will come to the party.
2. If he is
curious, he will ask what we are doing.
3. She will help
us, if she has time.
4. If they work
hard, they will succeed.
5. If I find
the culprits, I will teach them a lesson.
6. If she recognizes
us, she will wave.
7. They will treat

you well, if you are honest with them.
8. If she likes
you, she will tell you.
9. If he is
ready, we will invite him to come.
10. If they see me, they will want to speak to me.