Động từ bất quy tắc và những điều cần yếu trong văn phạm tiếng Anh

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I
UNH GIANG
L IN H G IA N G
DONG t u b a t q u i t a c
v a n h On g dieu c a n yeu
TRONG VAN PHAM TIENG ANH
□ 315 dong tu bat qui tac
□ 9 tu loai ca ban trong tifi'ng Anh
□ Cau va m£nh
NHA XUAT BAN TONG HOP THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
LOI NOI DAU
De viec h oc tieng A N H co can ban virng chac,
ngoai viec nan g thuc hanh cac dang cau thong dung,
chu ng ta con can phai quan tam den phan n g u phap.
V'i do la cai g o c d e nam vCrng tu cau true d en cach van
dung ca c tu loai trong tieng Anh.
Chu ng toi m o ng rang phan tom luge cac dieu can
yeu trong van pham tieng A n h se giup ich d u q c phan
n 'ao cho cac ban hieu hoc.
Chu ng toi da chat loc c ac phan n g u phap tieng
A nh that cot loi de cac ban d o c chi voi it thoi gib cun g
co the nam bat d u q c mot so dieu can ban ban dau. lam
nen tang cho viec nghien c uu sau hon ve sau.
Xin chu c cac ban tien bo nhieu trong qua trinh hoc
tap tieng A n h
He 1996
S o a n g ia
MUC LUC

• •
1- B&ng tOf b&'t qui tac 5
(irregular verbs)
2- Danh tCr 21
3- Mao tuf (articles) 25
4- Dai tii (pronouns) 29
5- Ti'nh tii (adjectives) 36
6- Pho tii / trang tvr (adverbs) 48
7- Gidi tii (prepositions) 54
8- Lien tii (conjunctions) 70
9- Than tii (interjection and c'xdamatioii) 79
10- B&ng tii (verbs) 82
11- Cau va m£nh de (sentences and clauses) 130
4
PHAN I
DONG TU* BAT QUI TAC (IRREGULAR
VERBS)
Infin itive Past tense
Past participle Meaning
u Abide abode/abided
abode/abided d; ltfu trti;
chju dung
2 arise arose
arisen
noi len;
phat sinh
3 awake awoke
awoken /
awaked
danh thifc;

thiic day
B4 backbite
backbit
backbit/
backbitten
n6i x&'u;
giem pha
5 backslide
backslid
backslid/
backslidden
tai pham;
sa sut
6 be
— was/were
been
la; thi; bj; d
7
bear
bore
born/borne
mang; chju;
sinh ra
8
beat
beat
beaten
danh; d&p
9 become
became

become
troi nfen;
trd thanh
10
befall befell
befallen
xay d6'n; xay ra
5
beget *
begot/begat
begotten
xay ra; gfiy
begin.
' began
begun
b it d&u, khcfi si
behold
beheld
beheld
ngam nhin; xem
bepd
bent
bent/bended
be cong;
nghi&ng; cui
bereave bereaved/
bereaved/
cudp doat
bereft
bereft

beseech besought/ besought/
n&i ni; van xin
beseeched
beseeched
beset• beset
beset
bao vfty;
bao quanh
bespeak
bespoke
bespoken/
bespoke
d$n, chifng to
bestride, bestrode bestridden
dtlng d?ng chAn
bet bet/betted
bet/betted danh cd,
danh cuOc
betake.
betook
betaken
di den;
dUin than
bethink.
bethought
bethought
nhd lai,
ngam nghi
bid
bid

bid
tra gia
bade
bidden
bao; ra l$nh
bide.
bode/bided
bided
ddi; chd
•
(dip may)
bind.
bound
bound
troi; bupc; bang
bite
bit
bit/bitten
c4n; chich; ngoar
bleed
bled
bled
chay mau
blend.
blended'blent
blended/blent
trdn chung;
hoa lai '
bless i
blessed falest

blessed,'blest
ban phudc lanh
10
b i o w * ^
blew
blown
th£i (gi6)
>1
1
b r e a k .
_ broke
broken
v3; d$p b£;
be gay
12
breed t
■ J 1 :
bred bred
nuOi; sinh
san (thu)
)3 bring
„ brought
brought
mang dfe'n;
dem lai
34
broadcast.
broadcast/
broadcasted
broadcast/

broadcasted
ph6t/truyfen thai
35
browbeat.
browbeat
browbeaten
dpa nat, fin hi£]
36 build
' built
built
x&y dung;
x$y c&t
37
burn
burnt/ burn
ed burnt/burned dfi't chay;
thi&u huy
38
burst burst
burst
n6 tung, x6ng v
39
bust » -BGst
bust phi tan
40
buy
bought bought mua
C 41
cast
cast cast

nem; thay; due
42 catch
caught caught bAt; chyp; kjp '
43
chide chid chid/chidden r&y; quof; m&n
44 choose
chose
chosen
chpn;lua
45 cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft bua; che; iAch
clave cleaved
dinh chat
46 cling clung
clung bam ch$t; niu
47 clothe clothed/clac clothed/clad m$c (ao, quai
48
come
came 3 come
den; di d&’n
49 cost
cost
■ cost
gia la; trj gia
50
countersink
couhtersank countersunk
1
khoet loe mi£
II
51

52
53
creep
i
crow
cut
crept
crowed/
crew (cu)
cut
crept
crowed
cut
b6; t rtf tin
g£y (g&)
c&t, ch$t; ch6m
x6n; hdt
D54
dare dared/durst
dared
dim ; ca gan;
thdch
55 deal
dealt
dealt
giao thigp;
bufln ban
56
dig
dug/digged

dug/digged
d&o, xdi
57 dive dove/dived
dived
l$n
58 do
did
— done
Him
59
draw
drew
drawn
ve; keo; \&y ra
60
dream dreamed/
dreamt
dreamed/
dreamt
md; mQng;
chi&m bao
61 drink
drank — drunk/Sftinken
uffng
62
drive
drove
_ driven Mi ze; ttfng di
63 dwell
dwelt dwelt

d; tni; ngu
E 64 eat
ate
- eaten
an; &n mon
F 65 fall
fell
fallen
t£; nga; rdt; rdi
66
feed
fed
fed
cho an; nufli
67
feel
felt
felt
cam th£y
68
fight
fought
fought
chi£n d£u
69
find
found
found
tim tha'y;
tim duqc

70
flee
fled
fled
trtfn; chudn;
tiu thoat
8
n
12
ft
J3
'74
75
76
77
78
'79
80
81
82
83
84
85
G
87
88
89
90
91
92

93
I
fling
flung
flung
floodlight
floodlit/
floodlit/
floodlighted
floodlighted
fly
_ flew , flown
forbear
forbore
forborne
forbid
forbade/forbad
forbidden
forecast
forecast/
forecast/
forecasted
forecasted
forego
forewent foregone
foreknow
foreknew foreknown
foresee
foresaw
foreseen

foretell
foretold
foretold
forget
forgot forgotten
forgive
forgave forgiven
forsake
forsook forsaken
forswear
forswore forsworn
freeze froze frozen
gainsay
gainsaid
gainsaid
get got — got/gotten
gild
gilded/gilt (cu! gilded/gilt (cu)
gird girded/girt
girded/girt
give ^
gave
- given
go \
went
_ gone
grave
graved
graven/graved
grind

ground
ground
94 grow
grew grown
mpc ten; W* l®l
trtng; trcf n6n
H 95
hamstring
hamstringed/
hamstrung
hamstringed/
hamstrung
c£t gftn cho qui
96
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
m6c 16n; treo
97
have had
had
c6
98 hear heard
heard
nghe
99
heave
heaved/hove
heaved/hove
tryc ten; nhffc 16

100 hew hewed
hewed/hewn
ch$t; dd'n
101
hide
' hid
hidden/hid
gififu; trSn; che
102 hit
hit
hit
dung; d$p; ddnh
thoi; d£m
103 hold held held
dim; nSm; di/ng
104 hurt hurt
hurt lam dau;
t/Sn thtfdng
I 105 inlay inlaid
inlaid cskn; kham
(xa crCf; 6c)
106 input
input
input
dtfa vao
(may difen todn)
107 inset
inset
inset
dat; ghep

108
interweave
-
interwove
.
interwoven
det xen nhau
K 10S keep
kept
kept
gia
110
ken
kent/kenned
kenned
hieu bife't
111
kneel
knelt
kneeled (My)
knelt
kneeled
cjfty goi
112
knit
knit/knitted
knit/knitted dan
113
know
knew

kncwn
biet; quen biet
10
L 114
lade
tr . i 1
laded
i)*'■
laden
chaft/chd
(hang hoa)
115
lay laid
I •
laid
dat xud'ng;
d i xuS'ngde trtfn
(go; chim)
116
lead led led dan d£t
117
lean
leant/
leaned
- leant /
leaned
nghieng; dtfa val
118 leap
leapt leapt nhay; nhay qua
119 learn

learnt/learned
learnt/learned hpc; dtf<?c bi6't
120
leave left _ left ra di; d§' lai;
bo quen
121
lend lent lent cho m\XQn
122 let
let let
cho phep; d^ ch
123 lie lay lain
nSm/nghi
124 light
lighted/lit
lighted/lit thSp sang
125 lose lost
lost
lam mat;
danh mat
M 126 make made made
lam; che tao
127 mean meant
meant
co nghia la;
muon noi la
128 meet met
met
gap gd; di don
129 melt
melted

melted
lam tan ra;
chay ra
130
miscast miscast
miscast
phan vai sai
131
misdeal
misdealt
misdealt
chia (bail Ion
132 mishear misheard
misheard
nghe lam
133 mishit mishit
mishit
danh hong (ban
134
misgive
misgave
misgiven
lam hoang man
1]
135
mislay
mislaid
mislaid
l&m Ifc mtft
136

mislead
misled
misled
dAn Am dating;
din di l?c
137
misread
misread
misread
dpc sai
138
misspell
misspelt
mispelled
misspelt
mispelled
vie't sai chAnh t
139
misspend misspent
misspent
tieu phi
140
mistake mistook _
_ mistaken
ph$m I6i
141
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
hieu fAm
142
mow mowed mown

cat co
O 143 outbid
outbid /
outbade
outbid/
outbidden
tra hdn giA
144 outdo
outdid
outdone lam gidi hdn
145 outfight outfought
outfought danh hay hdn
146 outgo
outwent outgone
di trtfdc; vuptho
147
outgrow
outgrew
outgrown
ldn nhanh hdn
148 output
output/
outputted
output/
outputted
cho ra (dit kUn)
149 outride outrode
outridden
vug t qua dtf^Cj
cudi ngu a mau hdJ

150 outrun outran
outrun
chay nhanh hdn
151
outsell outsold
outsold
ban nhanh hdn
152
outshine
outshone
outshone
chi£u sang hdn
153
outspread
outspread
outspread
trai ra; gitfdng ra
154
outwear
outwore
outworn
htf mon;
lam ki$t stfc
155
overbid
overbid
overbid
tra cao hdn
156
overbear

overbore
overborne
£p dao; dAn dp
12
. I f !
1 * *
i
.57
ii
overcast
ft0! ‘
overcast
.58
overcome overcame
iL 59
overdo
overdid
160
overdraw
overdrew
161
overeat
overate
162
overfeed
overfed
163
overfly
overflew
164

overgrowr]^
overgrew
165
overhang
overhung
166
overhear
overheard
167
overlay
overlaid
168
overleap
overleapt
/overleaped
169
overlie
overlay
170 overpay
overpaid
171
override overrode
172 overrun
overran
173 oversee
oversaw
174 overset
overset
175 overshoot
overshot

overcast
lam mfJ di;
may vat
overcome
khSc phuc;
vU(?t qua
overdone
Him thdi qud;
qua trdn
overdrawn
rut 16 tfen;
cUdng di§u
overeaten
&n qua dQ
overfed
cho fin qui mifc
overflown
bay qua
overgrown
ldn qua nhanh
overhung
nhd ra b6n tr§n
overheard nghe trQm
overlaid
phu len; bao triini
overleapt
/overleaped
nhay qua
overlain
dat nkm tr£n;

phu len
overpaid
tra 16' tifen
overridden
gat bo; cU3i
ngita d in kiet si/i ,
overrun tran ngSp;
chay vUdt qua
overseen
quan sat; Giam
thj; trong nom
r
overset lat do; lam
dao Ion
overshot
di qua dich
13
176
oversleep
overslept
overslept
ngu qu£n;
qui gifc
177 overspread
overspread
overspread
phu khip;
phu <ffiy
178
overtake

overtook
overtaken
duoi b it kip
179 overthrow overthrew
overthrown
l$t d6; tin phi
hdn; thing
180
overwork
overworked
overworked
/overwrought
l&m qui sifc
P 181 partake
partook
partaken
. i
in utfng chung
btfa; cung chia i
tham di/
182 _ _
paid
paid
tra tfen
183 plead
pled
pleaded
pled
pleaded
nai xin

184 prepay prepaid prepaid
tra tfen trudc
185 prove proved
proven
chiing minh
186 put put
put
dat; dS
Q 187
quit
quit
quit
bo; tti bo
R 188 read read
read
dpc
189
reave
relt
relt
ctfdp doat
190
rebind
rebound
rebound
dong nidi sach
191
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt

xay di/ng l^i;
t ii thiet
192
recast recast
recast
due lai
133
redo
redid
redone
lam lai
14
■1 ■ : i
94(iy !
!
reheard
95
relay"'
relaid
96 •
remake
remade
,97
retod1’
rent
^98
repay
repaid
99
rerun

reran
tOO
resell
resold
01
reset
reset
02
resit
resat
103
retake
retook
^04
retell
retold
:05
rewrite
rewrote
!06
rid
rid/ridded
!07
ride
rode
208 ring
rang
209
rise
rose

210
rive
rived
211
rot
rotted
212
run
ran
3 213
saw
sawed
214
say
said
215
see
saw
216
coolr
uuv IV
sought
217 seethe
sod
218 sell
sold
.
reheard
ciiu xet lai
relaid

d$t lai
remade
lam lai
rent
xe rach; xe to?c
repaid
hoan tien lai
rerun
chieu l^i(phim )
resold
ban l?i
reset
d£t l?i; l^p lai
re sat
thi lai
retaken
chiem lai
retold
ke' lai *
rewritten
viet lai
rid/ridded giai thoat ;
tong khil
riddBli
cuai (xe; ngua)
rung
rung chudng;
chuong reo
risen
mpc; noi len

riven
lam tet; che ra
rotted/rotten ri; myc; thoi; htf
run chay; dieu khien
Sawn
ctfa; xe
said noi
seen thay; trong thay
sought
tim kieni
sodden
n&'u cho s6i (nude.
sold ban
-15
219
' send
sent *
- sent
gift; gdi; d<?n
(bdn On)
220
set
set set
d$t; d£; l&n
(mQt trdi)
221
sew
sewed
sewn/sewed
may; kh&u

222
shake
shook
shaken
lay; lie; b&t taj
223
shear
sheared/shore
sheared/shorn
xen; hdt
(Idng cCru)
224
shed shed
shed
rdi; njng (16)
225
shine shone
shone
chift’u sing
shined
shined danh bring;
?
danh gi&y
226 shit shat /
shitted
shat/
shitted
dai ti$n
227 shoe
shod shod

dong m6ng ngif
228 shoot
shot
shot
ban
229
show
showed
shown/showed
cho xem;
chi cho thtfy
230 shred
shredded/
shred
shredded/
shred
bam nho
231
shrink
shrank/
shrunk
shrunk
co rut; thun l^i
232
shrive
shrove/
shriven/
shrived
shrived
tha tpi; xtfng t4

(nghe)
233
shut
shut
shut
dong lai;
ng$m mi$ng
234
sing sang
sung
ca hat
235
sink sank/sunk
sunk/sunken
chim; l$n
236
sit
■ sat
sat n#5i
16
I
I
137
38
39
slay
4*.;n
deep
i . - 7HL
slide

. X,,
40
,
i
:41
slink
142
slit
-M3 smell
,!44
smite
!45
sow
!46
speak
547
speed
'48 spell
249
spend
1
>50 spill
251 spin
252 spit
,253 split
254 spoil
255
spotligh
256
spread

257 spring
258 stand
1 slew slain
_ slept slept
slid slid
slung
slung
slunk slunk
slit slit
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
smote/smit
smitten/smit
sowed
sown/sowed
spoke/spake
spoken
sped/speeded
sped/speeded
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
spent
spent
spilt/spilled
spun/span
spat/spit
split
spoilt/spoiled
spotlit
spread

sprang
stood
spilt/spilled
spun
spat/spit
split
spoilt/spoiled
spotlit
gi£t h?i; s&t h?i
ngu
ltfdt; trtfflt
n6m; li$ng; bin
(b&ng nd)
chu'On; len di
c it; che; bd’ ; rpc
ngui; M e mui
d$p m?nh;
tn lng ph$t
gieo; rai (hat)
n6i
chay vyt; htfp tfip
danh v&n; bdo hklu
tifeu xai, stfng qu a
dung thi gid
(lam vi6c)
vung vai; tran
d<S ra
quay; keo;
cuiS’n (sai)
khac nh6*

che; tdch ra
lam hu/hong
chi£u den vao
lan truyfen
in; nhay
in
17
259
stave
' C” ' *
stove/staved
stove/staved
dam thung;
lAm lung
260
steal
stole stolen
danh cAp
t : n
261
I -s.
stick
*
stuck
stuck
dan; ghim
vao; dfnh
262
: I
sting

stung
stung
cham; chlch;
dft't (ong)
263
stink
stank/stunk
stunk
b6c mui hfti
264 strew strewed
strewn/st re we<
ric; r ii (I6n)
265 stride
strode
stridden
btfdc s&i
266 strike
struck
struck/stricken danh d(kp;
go (dbng hik)
267
string
strung
strung
i "
gSn dfty vao;
xo xAu
268 strive strove
striven c6 g&ng; g&ngJ
269 sublet

sublet sublet cho thufe l?i
sam n&ng;
bjnSng an
270
sunburn sunburned/
sunburnt
sunburned/
sunburnt
271 swear
swore
sworn
the; tuyfen thf
272
sweep
swept swept quet
273
swell swelled
swollen/
swelled
phdng; stfng
274
swim
swam
swum
bdi 10 i
275
swing
swung
swung
dong difa;

danh du
T 276
take took
taken
elm ; lay
277
teach
taught
taught
day; giang day
278
tear
tore
torn
xe; rach; day n
79 tell told told
k£ l?i; thu&t lai
80 think _
• • i
__
-thought thought
suy nghi; mong
SI
throve/thrived thriven/
1dm cho thjnh
.i. i <•
thrived
vU0ng; phdt d$t
82
throw

threw
thrown
nem; li§ng
*83 thrust
thrust
thrust
thQC; nh&’n;
*84
(i
nh6t v6
tread
trod trodden/trod
- »• *»
giSm; dap
285
unbend
V.
unbent unbent ud'n cho thin g I
B6 unbind
unbound
unbound
thao ra; md ra
Ii
87
i
88
underbid underbid underbid bo th'&u thap hd
undercut
undercut
undercut ra gid re hdn

,89
Ii
undergo underwent
undergone kinh qua; ch(u;
trai ra
a
90 underlie
underlay underlain
n&m dtfdi
91
1
underpay underpaid
underpaid
tra ltfdng tha'p
92
i
undersell undersold
undersold
ban h$ gia
93 understand understood .
— understood hieu
94
undertake undertook
undertaken
dam nh&n;
(i
Janh lsfy
?5
underwrite
underwrote

underwritten
bao hi£m;
ky d dtfdi
)6 undo
undid
undone
thao/ cdi ra
)7
unfreeze
unfroze
unfrozen
lam tan dong
18
unsay
unsaid
unsaid
nit lai ldi noi
)9
unwind
unwound
unwound
thao ra
3)0
uphold
upheld
upheld
ung h$
01 upset upset r
upset
danh/l&t d6*

19
W 302
wake
woke/ w
waked (cu)
■woken/waked
thifc d$y;
d£nh thitc
303
waylay
waylaid
waylaid
rinh; phtjc kfcl
304
wear
.wore
worn
m$c
305
weave
wovft/weaved
woven/weaved
d$t
306
wed
wedded
wedded/wed
kfe't hdn
307 weep wept
wept

khde
308
win
won won
thing; du<?c; 6
309
wind
wound/winded
wound/winded
quifn; cuQn l$j
310
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
rut lui
311 . withhold
withheld withheld tur chd'i
312
withstand
withstood
withstood
oEkm ci/; chtfngi
313 work
worked/
worked/
Him vi$c;
wrought wrought
ren (sit)
314 wring wrung
wrung

v§n; xoSn;
siet ch$t
315
write
wrote/writ
written/writ
vi^t
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p h A n i i
NHUNG DIEU CAN YEU TRONG
VAN PHAM TIENG ANH
•
Trong ti£ng Anh ngtfdi ta thtf&ng chia lkm chin lo?i tOr:
ITDStah tdr (nouns) ‘6) Gidi t\ir (propositions)
2)JM$o tOr (Articles) 7) Lifen tOr (conjunctions)
3) D$i tOr (pronouns) 8) Thfin tOr (Interjections)
4) Tfnh tOr (Adjectives) 9) DQng tOr (verbs)
5) Trying tOr (Adverbs)
I. DANH TCr (NOUNS)
1) D in h n g h ia : Danh tfir la tife'ng dung d<? chi ngtfcfi, ndi chtfn; <f6 v$t,
tu tildng, sif ki$n.
2) Cdc loai danh tit:
j v
a) Danh tit chung (Common nouns)
Vf dy: man (dan dng), boy (b6 trai), table (cai ban)
book (quy£n sach)
b) Danh tit ri&ng (proper nouns)
V( dy: London, Saigon, Robert, VietNam C
c) Danh tit tritu tuong (Abstract nouns)
Vi dy: health (sifc khoe), pleasure (si/ vui thich), youth (tudi tre)

21
d) Danh tit cu t h i (concrete nouns)
VI dy : girl (c6 g£i), orange (cam)
e) Danh tit t^p hap
Vi dy: army (quAn dQi), class (Idp hgc), family (gia dlnh),
3 ) S o n h ie u c u a d a n h tuT ( p l u r a l n o u n s )
a) Nhln chung danh tOr a6 it dA'i sang stf nhffeu thtfdng thfem S
book -* books ; car •* cars
b) Danh tti t$n cQng b&ng s; sh; ch; x; z khi drfi sang nhfts
thfem ES
Vf du: glass -* glasses (nfutng cdi ly)\ dish -* dishes (nfutng bdt dla)\
church -* churches (nhitng nha thd)\ box -* boxes (nfutng c&l
hdp)
c) Danh tOr t&n cung b&ng O
* N&u trifdc O co m$t phy &m thi thfem ES
Vi du: potato -* potatoes (cu khoai tay) ; hero -* heroes (anh hung) ;
fecho -» echoes (tii'n g ddi la i) ; volcano -* volcanoes (nui liia)
* Nfe'u dilng trudc O 16 n guy fen &m ho§c danh tdr nh&p t i ntfdc ngoij
thi chi thfem S
Vi dy: bamboo -» bamboos (c&y tre) ; radio -» radios (dai) ; studio ■*
studios (phbng ve) ; photo •* photos (ti&m chup anh) ;
kilo -» kilos (kg).
d) Danh tit t&n cung b&ng Y
* N£u trtfdc Y co phu Am thi Y -» ies
Vi du: City -» cities (thanh ph 6) ; lady -* ladies (qui bit) fam ily -* famili
(gia din h) ; army -* armies (quan ddi)
* N£u trtfdc Y co nguyfen fim thi thfem S thdi
Vi du: boy -* boys (con trai) ; key -* keys (chia khoa) valley -► valleyi
(thung lung)\ donkey -* donkeys (con lita)
e) Danh tif t£n cung b&ng f ho£c fe

22
• thtfdng f,*fe -» vea
Vf dy: leaf -* leaves (c h iic Id) w ife -* wives (vp) ; th ie f ■* thieves
(k i trQm) ; knife -» knives > (dao)
* Ngo$i 1$ chi them S thfli
roof -* roofs (m&i nhh) ; belief -* beliefs ( tin tu&ng) ; handkerchief -»
andkerchiefs (khdn); chief -* chiefs (thu lanh) ; c liff -* cliffs (m$t da dung
ting d bd b iin ) ; dw arf ■* dwarfs (ngudi ton) ; gulf -* gulfs (v in h ) ; griefs
(su dau kh6) ; proof -* proofs (chitng cd) ; safe -* safes (tu s it)
f) C6 9 danh Mr ddi sang s6 nhfeu theo dang d$c bi£t
- man -* men (dim bng)
- child -* children (dita tri)
- goose -» geese (con ngSng)
- louse -* lice (con r&n)
mouse -* mice (chudt n h it)
g) C6 mQt s6 danh tO' s6' ft v& stf nhifeu gitfng nhau
ox -* oxen (bo due)
Woman -* women (dim bit)
foot -* feet (ban c h in )
tooth -* teeth (rin g )
cattle (muc sue)
grouse (ga ritng)
sheep (con curu)
deer (con huau)
swine (con heo)
poultry (gia chm)
salmon (cd thu)
trout (cd qua, c& h'bi sdng)
h) Co mOt so danh tir hinh thtfc d stf nhfeu nhtfng d$ng tOf theo sau
phai d s(S ft

- News (tin titc) ; gallows (cdt xti giao) ; physics (v&t ly ) ; phonetics (ngU
n hoc) ; mathematics (todit hoc) ; politics (ch&nh tri hpc)
4) N h ie m vu c ua d a n h t il (functions o f nouns)
a) L&m chu ngtf (subject)
- The boy opens the door.
(CAu trai md ciia)
b) Lorn b6 ngU true ti&p (direct-object)
- I see the cat.
23