Dò tìm điểm làm việc cực đại trong hệ thống pin quang điện bằng phương pháp logic mờ

LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



iii



TS. 

 


 
anh 

 , 



  




 









.
 




























, 



tô
/2012











LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



iv



   quang   và thay  theo   
 bào và .  (MPPT) 
   hóa    
 các  



(MPP). Trong   MPPT


 , 





 và quan sát (P & O)  




(INC) là         ; Tuy nhiên, 





     ,  xung
quanh MPP trong ,  theo dõi 



   


thay  nhanh chóng .
Trong bài báo này,   ra  
      thông minh
   P & O và  Inc. Các    
  Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). , 


    .










LVTN Abstract.
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 




v


ABSTRACT

The output characteristics of photovoltaic arrays are nonlinear and change with
ture and solar radiation. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
methods are used to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously
the maximum power point (MPP). Among all MPPT methods existing in the
literature, perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (InC) are the
most commonly used for these simplicity and ease of implementation; however,
they present drawbacks such as slow response speed, oscillation around the MPP in
steady state, and even tracking in wrong way under rapidly changing atmospheric
conditions.
In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated to such a
drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O
and Inc algorithm. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using
Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). By the simulation, the validity of the proposed
control algorithm is proved.

LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



v



Trang
 i
 ii
 iii
 iv
ABSTRACT v
 vi
DANH SÁCH  viii
DANH SÁCH CÁC  ix
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH x
 1

1.1. 








. 2
1.1.1. 







 2
 3
1.1.4. 









 8
 12
 12

 12

Ch
2.1. 

. 13
2.1.1 





. 13
2.1.2 









 14
2.1.3 








. 14
2.2. . 19
2.3. 











-DC 23
2.3.1. (Buck Converter) 24
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



vi
2.3.2. rter 27
Ch
3.1. 












/Simulink 32

3.2.  





















 35
3.2.1 

& 35
 38
3.2.3 









(parasitic capacitance) 40
3.2.4 







. 41
3.3 


  43
3.3.1.  45

3.3.2. 



(Fuzzification) 46
3.3.3. 





50
3.3.4.  52

Ch
4.1. 







&O trong
simulink matlab. 54
4.1.1. 




. 54

 54
4.2. 
















simulink matlab 56
4.2.1 



 56
4.2.2 


. 57
4.2.3 





 62

 69
 69
 70
 73
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



viii


DANH SÁCH 


NLMT : 






.
MPP (Maximum power point): 









.
MPPT (Maximum power point tracking): .


IncCond (Incremental Conductance): 



n.
FLC (fuzzy logic controller

MF: .
NB (negative big): .
NS (negative small) : 

.
ZE (zero): .

PS (positive small): 

.
PB (positive big): u.











LVTN Danh Sách Các Hình.
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



ix



Trang
 5
-
BTU. 6

 51



























LVTN Danh Sách Các Hình.
GVHD: TS. 


 HVTH: 



x

DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH

Trang
1.1:  3
Hình 1.2:  2030 7
Hình 1.3: 











 8
Hình 1.4:  9
nh 1.5: 9 9
Hình 1.6: ,P_V . 10
Hình 2.1: 








. 13
Hình 2.2: 



. 14
Hình 2.3:  

 15
Hình 2.4:  16
Hình 2.5:  17
nh 2.6: . 18
2.7:  18
Hình 2.8: 

_

_























. 19
Hình 2.9: . 20
2.10: 





. 21
Hình 2.11: 



(P) . 21

Hình 2.12: 



. 22
Hình 2.13:  23
Hình 2.14 : -DC. 24
2.15: - 24
2.16:  25
2.17 : . 27
Hình 2.18: -





. 27
LVTN Danh Sách Các Hình.
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



xi
2.19: . 28
2.20:  29
3.1: 




/Simulink
28
3.2: 





/simulink
32
3.3:  34
3.4 -
o
C) 34
Hình 3.5: -
o
C) 35
Hình 3.6: 
2
) 35
Hình 3.7: 

 36
Hình 3.8:  37
Hình 3.9: 

/_




. 39
Hình 3.10:  40
Hình 3.11:  41
Hình 3.12:  42
Hình 3.13:  43
Hình 3.14:  44
Hình 3.15:  44
Hình 3.16: 











/dV 45
Hình 3.17: 





 ên. (a)  , (b)
, (c)  47
Hình 3.18:  53

Hình 4.1:  54
Hình 4.2: 



. 55
Hình 4.3: 



 55
Hình 4.4:  56
Hình 4.5:  56
4.6: Mô . 57
LVTN Danh Sách Các Hình.
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



xii
Hình 4.7: 



 57
Hình 4.8: 












 58
4.9: 





. 59
Hình 4.10: 





 60
4.11: . 60
Hình 4.12: 






. 61
Hình 4.13: 












ref.
61
4.14. 

















ref
62
4.15:  62
4.16: 











 63
4.17: . 63
4.18: 







. 64

4.19: 



&

 64
4.20: &

 65
4.21: &

 66
4.22: &

 67
4.23: &

 67
5.1: _
















. 70
5.2: 









 71









LVTN Danh Sách Các Hình.
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 




1













 , 






 , 


























 . 












. 













 , 
 1,05% 



 




Nam. [1]

  , 






 





. 
, 


 

Tuy nhiên, 


 



 
 
 






























































 .
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 


 HVTH: 



2




1.1 . 








1.1.1. 















27

4

 g/cm
3

1g/cm
3
. Tuy n
 g/cm
3







 




LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 


 HVTH: 



3

Hình 1.1: .[2]
1





9


 
 
+ PN).
+ P- proton.
 , 


      
 
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 




4



8
 


-7
nm (nanomet) 
.


 









nó.
 
 











LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



5
.1: . [2]



2
)


Tia x



< 1 nm
0,1 nm

0,2 ÷ 0,28 µm
0,28 ÷ 0,32 µm
0,32 ÷ 0,4 µm
6,978.10
5

6,978.10
7

7,864.10
6

2,122.10
1

8,073.10
1



0,57
1,55
5,90

0,4 ÷ 0,52 µm
0,52 ÷ 0,62 µm
0,62 ÷ 0,78 µm
2,24.10
2

1,827.10
2

2,280.10
2

16,39
13,36
16,68

0,78 ÷1,4 µm
1,4 ÷3 µm
3 ÷100 µm
4,125.10
2
1,836.10
2
2,637.10
1
30,18
13,43
1,93
Sóng vô tu

0,1 ÷10 cm
10 ÷100 cm
1 ÷ 20 cm
6,987.10
-9
6,987.10

-10
6,987.10
-9



1.1.3. 












 (PV -
photovoltatic 


, 

trong khi









.
    
  .



LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



6
 006-
BTU. [35]


   
6 (tháng sáu-

LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 




7

Hình 1.2: Tt- 2030.
: Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2009.[35]





































 . 











, . 







, 

 -


 (b) 


LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



8

(c) 





 

 (d) 





1.3: 











. [30]
1.1.4. 













cao, có nhi . 







 kWh/m
2
. 
 5
kWh/m
2




 7000 h/. 










































 . 
4 m , 







 , 
 








 , 





























.
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



9


Hình 1.41. [32]


Hình 1.5.[32]
LVTN 

GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



10
1.1.5 . 
Tuy nhiên,  . 


  , nhi












1.6: ,P_V . [1]
- Maximum
power point
  .  
           - Maximum power point
tracking 





















 giá
    

     (Pertub and Observe): P & O là   
 MPPT        và  . P & O
 khi      

    
P=P
R

Điểm công suất
cưc đại (MPP)
V
I, P
P=0
V
R
V
OC
I
SC
I
R
0
Công suất
Dòng điện
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



11
, luôn  xung quanh MPP 



 trong , 
 theo nhanh chóng thay  

   ental Conductance): 














 & 

















, 

















 











 (MPP). 






















































 , 





















.


  (Prasitic Capacitance): 






































 , 























, 



















































 



 . 






DC/

































































d



.











 : 







mpp

oc
. B






















mpp

























oc
, 

























 -DC




 













 . 






















.


 (Fuzzy Logic Controller):   Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC)      giáo  Lotfi Zadeh    
 Berkeley  n nó  là 
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



12
    . 





  g logic   là . Nó  

  duy
















. 
  các  vào không chính xác,   toán  chính
xác, và  . Ngày nay,    
các ngành     và .




















.












 chúng tôi 























.

- -V, P-
.
- 
.
- Phân t.
- .

-    
.
- .
- 












P&O.
















 
















 & O.
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



13





2.1. 


2.1.1 








-
q

2.1: 







.[2]
Pin q

 c pin quang



 
t là photpho (P) có
  


1000 W/m
2
-30 mA/(cm
2

các l--

LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



14

làm v

-IV. S
(CuCdS), gallium-


2.1.2 








. 






 -
hình 2.1.  , 
(photon) 



 . 
















 , 
 . 



Hình 2.2b



.[31]
2.1.3 

pin 

.
hình 2.3:
LVTN 
GVHD: TS. 

 HVTH: 



15

Hình 2.3 

. [11]

-


- 
- Is: dòng bão hòa (A).
- -19 C
- -23 J/K
- 
- -
mono A=1.2, Si-



-  
- 
- 
- 
- 
(2.1)
(2.2)