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Giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả xuất khẩu gạo ở công ty VILEXIM

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DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG BIỂU, SƠ ĐỒ, BIỂU ĐỒ
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CHƯƠNG I: NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ LÝ LUẬN CƠ BẢN VỀ HIỆU QUẢ
XUẤT KHẨU HÀNG HÓA

1.1. Hiệu quả xuất khẩu hàng hóa
1.1.1. Khái niệm và bản chất của hiệu quả xuất khẩu hàng hóa
1.1.1.1. Khái niệm hiệu quả xuất khẩu hàng hóa
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1.1.1.2. Cơ chế xuất hiện hiệu quả xuất khẩu
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1.1.2. Phân loại hiệu quả xuất khẩu hàng hóa
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1.1.2.1. Hiệu quả xuất khẩu cá biệt và hiệu quả xuất khẩu xã hội
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1.1.2.2. Hiệu quả tuyệt đối và hiệu quả so sánh
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1.1.3. Sự cần thiết phải nâng cao hiệu quả xuất khẩu
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1.1.4.4. Tỷ suất ngoại tệ xuất khẩu
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1.2. Tổng quan thị trường xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam
1.2.1. Lợi thế và kim ngạch xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam
1.2.1.1. Lợi thế của Việt Nam trong hoạt động xuất khẩu gạo
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1.2.1.2. Kim ngạch xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam
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Bảng 1. Kim ngạch xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam giai đoạn 2006-2008
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1.2.2. Đặc điểm sản phẩm gạo xuất khẩu và hệ thống nguồn hàng gạo xuất
khẩu của Việt Nam
1.2.2.1. Đặc điểm sản phẩm gạo xuất khẩu
7
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4L3<%&'JOY4@W%L*9(;@
E=J<>4*&$<(C5
$y];Y"I9(;@:JK5U
NC'*3]GH0kC
]>'SE0kC]>'SEkE0kE0k%=k
=9>;aEGEO
1.2.2.2. Hệ thống nguồn hàng gạo xuất khẩu của Việt Nam.
>%u9G'`Z'=G]y;)RGW$Z]a
%=G]y;)Ni,W&R=D;'J#J<
11179>E9>A;i5€9}JOJO7
9;*C~Eb''=B€9J<%=]"
;5Y9c4@
‘&a(D>%€'`ZH%€B%=%€u
‘&E)5U9G]%€(DH%€)U}>;'J#
%=>X'J#@~E%€•%=%€]

l'X=DWG]y;)Ni,9cDSU*
JW3;E($ScJK5U>F3'K"IOM%
)*;})~*9GU*D4EZ4*&V*3C)5U
%=*F"($S9G'`%€]
!9cDSU*E%L'#BC'`
)5U%=C=$&DR*JK
)5U9$W%jSL$CJ<%=CD'B
wC0kM7rPl30rPl‰E0kM1?rPl3
7rPl‰E&DrPl;%<CC9J<!d,`
\G]y;)Ni,EC'`JK%Y=*5(M
0
1G371G‰EOKFcDM?G
3G‰,`'J#C$"]30G‰EO
DMG30G‰!K4E$ZC'%L
J)$OCD9J<E9C'`'DBJK
)5U>'#LC
1.2.2. Các thị trường xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam
R=DE9]jM7309E3
k";'J#J<%=3?k%&'J#
9B3<!9>I9JK*3%v'=CI
9JK9*&@JHs'$$dEN]E/'*; %=3$€W9(I
9JK;CJ<UsELE’
!d]CCJKB=='`%=9F
%:  2    !9  U  !)    $C  9F  )  $  )  )
}“w•h+”h~EDI9JK
NU•%=DI9JKNUsDEX'=DI
9JKJ#W9(3J9D?E
J#314@%u‰'V"j3DE
;@=*VD'B$)}4@‰%u‰'V"~
 .I9JKNU•EDI9JK

NUs
DE;I9JKNU•;
%<D?}M?EkD?@b0EkD~!9;@
CI9JK>89:DjI9JKNUs'=D
EDO$);%<D?}ME7kD?'BkD
~
Biểu đồ 1: Kim ngạch xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam đi các thị trường năm
2007-2008


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