B O
I HI 2
NGUY
TNG
C THC VT
i b)
I-2012
2
NGUY
TNG
C THC VT
u c m sinh hc, c c,
cao hc )
I-2012
3
MC LC
LU 6
. I VI SNG THC VT 7
MT S -C CC 7
i vi sng thc vt 7
7
7
1.2. Ct cc 8
1.2.1. C c 8
- c 8
1.3. P cc trong t thc vt 9
c trong t 9
thc vt 10
1.4. C 10
1.5. t - ngun cung cc ch y 11
t 11
1.5.2. t th c ct 11
P 12
13
2.1. S c ca t thm thu 13
13
13
14
15
17
18
2.2. S c ca t phi thm thu 20
20
20
P 21
. 22
3.1. Cha b r 22
22
22
3.2. S hp th 27
3.3. N ngoi cnh n hp th c ca r 28
29
29
29
4
P 30
. 31
4.1. S vn chuyc gn 31
31
32
4.2. S vn chuyc xa 32
32
33
34
P 38
. 39
5.1. c 39
c 40
40
40
40
40
c 41
c 43
43
44
5.5. ng cu kin ngoi cc 53
54
54
54
55
5.6. Bn cht s c 55
5.6.1. B 55
55
5.7. Mi quan h gip 56
5.8. S c c 57
5.9. S c c 57
P 58
. 59
59
c trong 59
59
59
60
6.2. Ht, h a thc vt 60
5
6.2.1. ng ca hi vi sng thc vt 60
63
a ving 63
63
64
65
P 65
U THAM KHO 66
6
u
ng - m ch trao
c c thc v n nay vng v c
s c ca thc vt s n gii quyt
v c ca thc vn dn thi
ng m vt va tit kim ngun
c thc vt g
: Cung c i vi sng thc
vi thiu ct
s t cc, th
: Cung cn thc v c ca t
a b r vi chi
ng thu t n s
c ca b r.
: Cung cn thc v s vn chuy r n
.
: Cung cn thc v n cht
s c ca thc vu t n s
u t n s i quan h gi
i vc bii quan h gi
c vi quang hp c
: Cung cp kin thc v c i hn xy ra
i vi th ca ving,
n tt nht.
Cui mp cng c kin thc
Mt c i
nh rt mong s n cng nghi
cuc ti v khoa
Sinh KTNN, i hi 2, S 32 ng Nguyn -
- th - t
ng c
7
.
-
1.1.
kht sinh vt tn ti l
cc. Khi gic trong t n mt mc gii hn
, h ng chuyn m sinh
(anabiozo).
th
- t, thng nh phn c t , t
t th thng nht;
- ng nhng quan trng nhi v
phn ;
- t t, c;
m bo cu loi b c bt
l mui, trong dung d n n hi t
t hoc bi
- c tham gia trc tin
- n ch yu trong h thng vn chuy.
Trong h mch dn (mch g, m t
(symplast);
- , bo v
;
- m bo tri ca t m bo tr
quan;
- m bo cho s sinh sn ca thc vt;
-
-
-
-
8
1.2. C
- c cu to: H
2
O ch H lch v mo -105
0
ng c H
2
to
n gi
+
-
)
gt yngt
H ch (H- H
2
Kj/mol.
- Nh t v
t.
u to ca t H gi H
2
O
-
* S t ion
- H
2
O + H
+
+ OH
-
y H
+
+ H
2
O
H
3
O
+
trn tc l
mui.
- nhi 25
0
ng H
+
-
bm 10
7
ng 7.
t
ng c
+
-
-
* T trng cc
- T trng cc ci 4
0
C (1 cm
2
trng cc
gi c
0
C t trng cc gim 4%.
- m cc gim 1
0
C.
y, t c v
(C - Mecapascan = 10
6
Pascan; 1
Pa = 1N/m
2
; 0,1013 MPa = 1 atm)
m
9
- m cc l
0
0
C.
- m ci.
t s t c m
* Nhi
- Nhi cn cung c
- Nhit t cao kho
v nh nhi c.
* Nhit dung
Nhi
0
C rt cao, nhip 5 - 30 l
ch
nhit dung cc cao gp 5 ln cy, cung nhn mng
nhi c 5 lm
nhi ch nh nhi i tt
i ri
rt lnh)
* S mt
- S mt c
2
t lng ch
mc 5 ec/cm
2
to sc
trong t .
- n chuyc chiu trng lc.
Trong mao dn, nh mch.
1.3. P
c t do
- c t n
.
- c cha trong t ch g ch yu dng lc trong gian
yu du tro
- a nhic nht chim 98%. Khi t c
ch c thp nht (30 -
50%).
t
10
- t v
t bao gm hing th ng cc b
n COO
-
, NH
3
+
t hidro vc v
N.
- Trong t t:
t thm th
tan.
t keo bao gc th u ph
mixen.
t mao dn ch dn).
c t t trong t n l
kt qu u cho thy r u sinh
ng cc t do. Mt s lt qu
cu li cho r ng chu ca thc vt l t. Tuy
hi
t
- u ca thc v
thui cu kin ngoi cnh
+
h- 11%.
1.4. C
- thc v
c ra kh
- i vi thc vi vi t cc nhnh
tn t d i vi thc vt thi vi thc vt
c ng b m
ng rt l c c
c; 1 ha rng Nam M
c.
- i
gn b n lc t
thc vi kh c (h r
ng l); vn chuy
h thch g); gim kh
th u ch- m ch ng)
- Nhic vc bit vng
thi thng r kh
c ng
y, vin kh ng mt
c ca thc vm v quan trc v
thc tin trong sn xut.
11
1.5. -
Thc vt c hp th c t yy t
t.
- t ch yu tn ti hai d c trng lc mao
dt, tc)
- Dung t (dung ng rung ct): dung ng rung
c cht
t c
- t, t vn chuyt ph thuu
ng mu
hoc lu khong tr gi kh
t nh (nh y khe h git
rt nhc trng l m xu c
ct t
- m v th c: th m nhing hc (khoa hc v
s chuyng t
-
w
c th
c gi c trong dung dch b
kt, chim ch, cn tr m ho c t do cc. N
nc s di chuyn v
c th
- Th t thm th c ct.
Th c ct m gm
+ Th thm th
s
) ca dt, th cht
t rt thp khong - t m
s
t -0,2
MPa.
t th
p
i vt
s
s
gi
mnh (nhiu gi th th t-
m
a r
c t
s
p
nh bi th t.
c t do ca t ch
A. th c ca dung d b c ca dung dch th
i t lc ca th ch.
12
ti mt hp th ca r.
khi r b
chi dn thy gim.
- S di chuyn ct quang r c di chuyn
p th c t c t
n cm
p
ng v mit
p
c di chuy ct theo
mt chim
h c dn thy gim. Kt qu
- c
w
gim mi vi
nhiu lo c ct thn m lc
phc h t tr
thic.
i vi sng thc vt.
i v
n chuyn thc vt.
i chim mt t l rt ln trong t
th sinh vc v
cc trong t thc vt.
i vi sng thc vt.
13
u.
2.1. S
*
14
t
P =
RTCi
0
+ 273)
(n -1)
y
2.
A
B
15
+
-
- 50
0
v.v.
16
-
-
tr
-
S = P - T
-
-
-
17
-
-
*
= P --
----
18
-
Pro -
-
w
0
w
-
0
= RTln e/e
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
0
w
= 0.
a
b
19
0
0
0
(1 bar = 0, 987 atm).
P
T
-
= -
w
P
(P = -
P
T
T
-
w
= -
P
-
T
w
P
T
.
Trong
w
w
w
0
- 1
- 2
- 3
1
2
3
1
0,9
0,8
T
w
P
T
P
20
2.2. S
Ch
-
-
-
-
J
.
w
P
J
-
T
:
-
-
-
21
+
+
+ H
2
3
O
+
3
O
+
+
- H
+
m khum thu.
ng minh t c vt h thm thu sinh hc.
c ca t thm thu.
ca 3 yu t: st thm thu
ng xitozin, khi xy ra xitozin t c
u t
hong cc.
c ca t phi thm thu.
22
.
3.1. C
-
-
-
Secale cereale)
-
Oryza sativa)
-
t.
23
Mycorhiza)
A
B
24
* Nm r i:
+ Nm r trong (endomycorrhiza, tc n
r m Rhizoctonia, si nng l
r dng chng trong mi quan h .
+ N
,
+
Macrolepiota rha
+ V s s
h si mng nht s
si b
Russula rosea; Tricholoma sp.; acrolepiota procera,
Macrolepiota rhacodes, Lepista sordida.
-
25
-
. Sau
+
Bu nm ngoi cng sinh (kho
cc vi bng li th i vc
tr bi
t trng rn nm ngoi cp vi bch
y vin xut ch ph
nhm mang li hiu qu cng sinh cao cho bc cn thi ch ng
c viu v ng ca h si n
nm v.
M m c
cu B m ngoi c nm vi b
tng s nghim, th nm cm ngoi cng
sinh vi b t s nm r
Macrolepiota procera, Macrolepiota rhacodes, Laccaria laccata, Leppista sordida,
Pissolithus tinctorius. Mt s nm ch
Scleroderma cepa, Suillus collinitus
r
-
-