nghiên cứu khả năng chế biến bột quả thần kỳ (synsepalum ducificum) bằng phương pháp lên men loại đường

TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ
KHOA NÔNG NGHIỆP & SINH HỌC ỨNG DỤNG
BỘ MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC PHẨM





TRẦN THỊ NGỌC AN


NGHIÊN CỨU KHẢ NĂNG CHẾ BIẾN BỘT QUẢ THẦN KỲ
(SYNSEPALUM DUCIFICUM) BẰNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP LÊN
MEN LOẠI ĐƢỜNG







Luận văn tốt nghiệp
Ngành: Công nghệ thực phẩm





Cần Thơ, 12/2014

TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ

KHOA NÔNG NGHIỆP & SINH HỌC ỨNG DỤNG
BỘ MÔN CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC PHẨM





Luận văn tốt nghiệp


NGHIÊN CỨU KHẢ NĂNG CHẾ BIẾN BỘT QUẢ THẦN KỲ
(SYNSEPALUM DUCIFICUM) BẰNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP LÊN
MEN LOẠI ĐƢỜNG







Giáo viên hƣớng dẫn Sinh viên thực hiện
Ths. Dƣơng Thị Phƣợng Liên 
Ths. Nguyễn Thị Thu Thủy Mssv: 2111578

Cần Thơ, 12/2014
 
 Trang i

LỜI CAM ĐOAN
 

























 
 Trang ii

LỜI CẢM ƠN



                


   






 















 
 Trang iii

TÓM LƢỢC

  



               


N 

 
 d
  


    












.





 sung cao 
 


 






 
 Trang iv

MỤC LỤC
LỜI CAM ĐOAN i
LỜI CẢM ƠN ii
TÓM LƢỢC iii
MỤC LỤC iv
CHƢƠNG 1. MỞ ĐẦU 1
1.1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ 1
1.2. MỤC TIÊU NGHIÊN CỨU 2
CHƢƠNG 2. LƢỢC KHẢO TÀI LIỆU 3
2.1. CÂY THẦN KÌ 3
 3
miracle tree) 3
miracle fruit) 6
 8

2.2. HOẠT CHẤT MIRACULIN 9
 9
 10
 11
 11
 12
2.3. NGHIÊN CỨU LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN HOẠT CHẤT MIRACULIN 12
 12
Aspergillus oryzae 13
 13
 13

 13
2.4. LOẠI ĐƢỜNG BẰNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP LÊN MEN 14
 14
 14
 
 Trang v

 15
 15
 16
2.5. SƠ LƢỢC VỀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP SẤY ĐÔNG KHÔ 17
 17
  18
2.6. CÁC TÁC NHÂN KÍCH THÍCH KHẢ NĂNG CẢM NHẬN VỊ 18
2.6.1. Acid citric 18
2.6.2. Caffeine 18
 19
 19

 20
 20
2.7. PHƢƠNG PHÁP ĐÁNH GIÁ CẢM QUAN VÀ PHÂN TÍCH THỐNG
KÊ 20
 21

21

Analysis) 21
CHƢƠNG 3. PHƢƠNG TIỆN VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 23
3.1. PHƢƠNG TIỆN NGHIÊN CỨU 23
 23
3 23
 23
 24
3.2. CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 24
 24
 24
3.3. QUY TRÌNH THÍ NGHIỆM 25
 
 Trang vi

 25
3.3.2. Thuy 25
3.4. NỘI DUNG VÀ BỐ TRÍ THÍ NGHIỆM 26

 26
3.4.
 28


 29
CHƢƠNG 4. KẾT QUẢ VÀ THẢO LUẬN 31
4.1. KẾT QUẢ XÁC ĐỊNH ĐẶC TÍNH NGUYÊN LIỆU 31
 31
 33
4.2. ẢNH HƢỞNG CỦA QUÁ TRÌNH LÊN MEN LOẠI ĐƢỜNG ĐỐI VỚI
KHẢ NĂNG CHẾ BIẾN BỘT QUẢ THẦN KỲ 34
4.3. ẢNH HƢỞNG CỦA BỘT QUẢ THẦN KỲ ĐẾN CHẤT LƢỢNG CẢM
QUAN CỦA SẢN PHẨM NƢỚC CAM ÉP 46
4.4. ẢNH HƢỞNG CỦA BỘT QUẢ THẦN KỲ ĐẾN CHẤT LƢỢNG CẢM
QUAN CỦA NƢỚC CÀ PHÊ 48
CHƢƠNG 5. KẾT LUẬN 50
5.1. KẾT LUẬN 50
5.2. ĐỀ NGHỊ 50
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 51
PHỤ LỤC 54







 
 Trang vii

DANH SÁCH BẢNG
 3
(Synsepalum dulcificum) 4
Synsepalum dulcificum) 4

 6
 7
 9
 10
  24
 . 26


32

33
 35

 36

 37

 38

 40








 
 Trang viii

DANH SÁCH HÌNH
 5
 8
 11
 16
 18
 19
 19
 23
 25

 27

 29
 31
 
 31
  32
4.4:  34
 4.5.  n
  41
 4.6.   
  41
 4.7.  
  42
 4.8.  
  42
 4.9.  
  1  43

   
   43
 
 Trang ix

 4.11.   
   1,5  44
 4.12.  
  44
 4.13.  
  1,5  45

 46

 47
4.16: 


 48
4.17: 




 49
 
 Trang 1
CHƢƠNG 1. MỞ ĐẦU
1.1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ



. 



. 
v ( 
.
Trong v , 




7 , 
 ; , 
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
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
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
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
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
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
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
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
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
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

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
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
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
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
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
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 ( 

);
PGs.Ts -  , 
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
: 
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


-


             :
www.bhxhgl.gov.vn).



       C7H5NO3S, aspartame (E951)
C14H18N2O5, acesulfameK (E950)C4H4O4NSK, isomalt, sucralose 
 



 
 Trang 2

 

 
    cao

 
  

c
ng 60
o
)
 

  “Nghiên cứu
khả năng chế biến bột quả thần kỳ bằng phương pháp lên men loại đường” 


1.2. MỤC TIÊU NGHIÊN CỨU
 
 
 
 
 Trang 3
CHƢƠNG 2. LƢỢC KHẢO TÀI LIỆU
2.1. CÂY THẦN KÌ
2.1.1. Nguồn gốc




.

        Synsepalum dulcificum     
- 
Bảng 2.1. Bảng phân loại khoa học
Giới (regnum)
Thực vật (Plantae)
division)
Magnoliophyta)
Subphylum)

class)
Magnoliopsida
ordo)
Ericales)
familia)

Sapotaceae)
Chi (genus)
Synsepalum (Sideroxylon)
species)
Synsepalum dulcificum
(Daniel., 1852)


2.1.2. Đặc điểm cây thần kỳ (miracle tree)
 
 
-7
0

 
 Trang 4
V
 
Bảng 2.2 Các chỉ tiêu sinh trƣởng cây thần kỳ (Synsepalum dulcificum)
STT
Chỉ tiêu nghiên cứu
Đơn vị tính
Kết quả nghiên cứu
1


30
2



28
3


3  3,5
4

cm
2  3
5


24  28
6


6  7
7


45  50
8

cm
90  100
(
Bảng 2.3. Đặc điểm sinh học cây thần kỳ (Synsepalum dulcificum)
Bộ phận
nghiên cứu
Kết quả nghiên cứu



 
 



  
 
 
Hoa

 0,5 mm.
 
 
       
 
 Trang 5



     





            




3             
 

thanh
 1,5





(










Hình 2.1. Cây, hoa và trái thần kỳ
; )
 
 Trang 6
2.1.3. Quả cây thần kỳ (miracle fruit)

  protein
             

m  Kenzo  



       
.
Bảng 2.4. Bảng tóm tắt các thành phần sinh hóa cơ bản
Thành phần
Hàm lƣợng (g/100g)

68,9

2,385

0,404
Protein
0,104

1,918

0,998
(

 
 Trang 7
Bảng 2.5. Thành phần hóa thực vật trong thịt quả thần kỳ
Loại dung dịch chiết
Thuốc thử
Kết quả
Tên hợp chất
Dịch
eter
Dịch
cồn
Dịch
acid
+





+


H
2
SO
4




Carotenoid
+++


TT Lieberman

Phytosterol
+





-
-

KOH 10%

g
Antraglucosid
++
++



Flavonoid



Alkaloid
-
-

TT Dragendorff

-
-

TT Bouchardat


+++
+++
Na a
3
3%

Polyphenol

+
+
NaCO
3




-

TT Lieberman

Sterolic



KOH, HCl

Anthocyanosid

+++



Saponin

+++

CHCl
3


2
SO
4




Saponin steroid

+++
+++
TT Fehling




+++
C
2
H
5
OH) 90
o



uronic
(
 
 Trang 8
2.1.4. Hiện trạng sử dụng quả cây thần kỳ









Mount Sibai Medical Center 


-    

 
              




 









Hình 2.2. Một số sản phẩm từ quả thần kỳ tại Mỹ và Nhật Bản
 />tablets;
 
 Trang 9
2.2. HOẠT CHẤT MIRACULIN
2.2.1. Cấu tạo của miraculin


.
 Theerasilp et al., 1989).

T            
6
Bảng 2.6. Thành phần các loại đƣờng trong chuỗi phân tử đƣờng của miraculin
Loại đƣờng
Tỷ lệ (%)
Glucosamine
31
Mannose
30
Galactose
7
Xylose
10
Frucose
22
(Theerasilp and Kurihara, 1988)



  (Tadayoshi et al., 2010).        


 
 Trang 10
Bảng 2.7. Các acid amin có trong một chuỗi protein
STT
Amino acid
Viết tắt
Số lƣợng/mol
b
% mol
a
1
Aspartic acid
D/N
21
11
2
Threonine
T
14
7,3
3
Serine
S
12
6,3
4
Glutamic acid

E/Q
12
6,5
5
Proline
P
15
7,9
6
Glycine
G
16
8,7
7
Alanine
A
6
3,5
8
Cystine
C
7
2,6
9
Valine
V
21
10,8
10
Methionine

M
1
0,5
11
Isoleucine
I
8
4,3
12
Leucine
L
10
5,5
13
Tyrosine
Y
7
3,7
14
Phenylalanine
F
14
7,4
15
Lysine
K
12
6,5
16
Histidine

H
2
1,0
17
Arginine
R
11
5,5
18
Tryptophan
W
2
1,0
(: Theeraslip and Kurihara,1988. 
100; 
2.2.2. Mô hình không gian của miraculin


            
 
 Trang 11
 et al
 2.3.






(a) (b)

Hình 2.3. Mô hình phân tử 3D của miraculin
(Antonella et al., 2008. ) amer
 
trong tetramer)
2.2.3. Tính chất của miraculin



 
              


2.2.4. Cơ chế tác dụng của miraculin

 









 
 Trang 12








2.2.5. Tính chất an toàn của miraculin


 
            
(Brouwer et alet al

              

2.3. NGHIÊN CỨU LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN HOẠT CHẤT MIRACULIN
 
     
 



2.3.1. Chuyển gen miraculin lên cây rau diếp

-Jin Sun et al 
              
gen



 
 Trang 13
2.3.2. Chuyển gen miraculin vào Aspergillus oryzae

            
Aspergillus oryzae NS4
 
mg
2.3.3. Chuyển gen miraculin lên dâu tây

0,5  2




2.3.4. Chuyển gen miraculin lên cà chua

               
et
al               


               et
al  

2.3.5. Bƣớc đầu trồng thử nghiệm và tách chiết hoạt chất miraculin trong
trái cây thần kỳ
et al  



 



              

 
 Trang 14
2.4. LOẠI ĐƢỜNG BẰNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP LÊN MEN
2.4.1. Khái niệm lên men
              


).

 


2.4.2. Phƣơng pháp cố định tế bào
 

l et al., 1985).

  








 ,
 , 

 

cao (Desimone et al., 2002; Norton et al., 1995). H, 



men (

, 1989).










. 




 . 


, bao , 



