Ngữ pháp Các cấu trúc chuyển đổi câu (Sentence Transforrmation)

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Các cấu trúc chuyển đổi câu (Sentence Transforrmation):
1. so … that…/such … that …/too ….. to-V
2. Although / In spite of / Despite
3. Because / Because of
4. Comparison
5. Active / Passive
6. 1st / 2nd Conditionals
7. Reported Speech
8. After (had done) / Past simple
9. Past simple / Present Perfect
10. Relative pronouns (Who / Which / Where)

EXERCISES 1
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. I prefer writing a term paper ………. taking an examination.
A. than
B. to
C. for
D. that
2. Staying in a hotel costs ……….. renting a room in a dormitory for a week.
A. twice more than B. twice as much as C. as much twice as D. as much as twice
3. The examiner made us ……. our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.
A. showing
B. to show
C. showed
D. show
4. The cook looked ………….. at the burned food.
A. sad
B. sadly
C. sadness

D. in sad
5. Most insects are tiny. They are ........ .
A. huge
B. very small
C. intelligent
D. beautiful
6. “Would you like a cold drink?” “............”
A. I’d love to. That’s very kind
B. I’d love one. I’m very thirsty
C. I’d love some. It’s delicious
D. I don’t like biscuits
7. Tim seems to be putting .................... weight.
A. in
B. on
C. by
D. over
8. If ever the child ........................., the mother would run to it.
A. cries
B. will cry
C. would cry
D. cried
9. After the children ........................ she began to write.
A. has left
B. leave
C. left
D. had left
10. If the coffee is still too ......................., put some more sugar in it.
A. bitter
B. hot
C. sour

D. sweet
11. The price of petrol has ....................... up again.
A. risen
B. got
C. gone
D. stood
12. I wonder ................ he’d like the steak cooked – rare or well-done?
A. which
B. how
C. where
D. why
13. Helen asked me ............... the film called “Star War”
A. have I seen
B. have you seen
C. if I had seen
D. If had I seen
14. There has been a great .................. in his English.
A. increase
B. improvement
C. decrease
D. rise
15. We have to ......... the meeting until next week because no one can come this afternoon.
A. put down
B. put off
C. put on
D. put out
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. The weather is much warmer than it was a few days ago.
A few days ago the weather was as much colder than it is now.

2. No one has lived in this house for years.
This house has had no one for years.
3. “Will you marry me?” said Eric to his girl friend.
Eric asked his girlfriend if she would marry him
4. Although he overslept, Mike wasn’t late for work.
Despite the fact that Mike wasn’t late for work.
5. The postman usually leaves the papers on the doorstep.

The papers usually are left on the doorstep by the postman.

EXERCISES 2
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. That baby .. . . . . . . . non-stop for the past hour.
A. cried
B. was crying
C. is crying
D. has been crying
2. I'd have told you if I .. . . . . . . . the book.
A. had seen
B. should have seen C. saw
D. would have seen
3. Skiing is a sport .. . . . . . . . goes back 4,000 years.
A. and he
B. and its
C. whose history
D. whose
4. Physicsist J. Robert Oppenheimer .. . . . . . . . an important role in the birth of atomic age.
A. who played
B. had

C. playing
D. was
5. ‘He didn’t understand it.” “ ......................”
A. So did I
B. I did too
C. I did either
D. Neither did I
6. Don't forget to .. . . . . . . . the alarm clock for six o'clock tomorrow morning.
A. put
B. set
C. wind
D. ring
7. “Would you like a cold drink?” “............”
A. I’d love to. That’s very kind
B. I’d love one. I’m very thirsty
C. I’d love some. It’s delicious
D. I don’t like biscuits
8. Most insects are tiny. They are ........ .
A. huge
B. very small
C. intelligent
D. beautiful
9. They were too late. The plane ..................... off ten minutes earlier.
A. took
B. has taken
C. had taken
D. was taking
10. When Paul stopped the car, I opened the door and got ............. behind him.
A. on
B. down

C. in
D. out
11. Can I ……..... your dictionary, please? I can’t find mine.
A. read
B. see
C. borrow
D. lend
12. He worked ...................... than his brother.
A. more carefully B. more careful
C. carefully
D. very carefully
13. She can’t get home .............. she has no money.
A. if
B. unless
C. without
D. until
14. Could I take this ............ to thank you for all you have done for us.
A. possibility
B. option
C. advantage
D. opportunity
15. The composition needs ...................
A. rewrite
B. to write
C. being written
D. rewriting
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. “Did you leave a tip for the waiter, Dad?” I asked
I asked my father if he left a tip for the waiter

2. I’ve never seen such an exciting football match before.
This is the most exciting football match I’ve seen.
3. They are repairing my television now.
My television is being repaired.
4. I recently went back to the town. I was born there.
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
5. Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job.

If Joan doesn’t find a good job, she will stay at school.

EXERCISES 3
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. The television, .. . . . . . . . so long been a part of our culture, has an enormous influence.
A. has
B. it has
C. which
D. which has
2. One problem with all languages .. . . . . . . . they are full of irregularities.
A. when
B. so
C. is that
D. in case
3. He had to borrow a little money from his brother .. . .he could finish his education
without working.
A. so
B. that
C. so that
D. in order so
4. The final test will be .. . . . . . . . the midterm.

A. alike
B. like
C. same
D. similar
5. Besides being expensive, the food in the cafeteria tastes .. . . . . . . . .
A. badly
B. too badly
C. too much bad
D. bad
6. My parents thought that education was important so they .. . . . . . . . me study hard.
A. let
B. forced
C. encouraged
D. made
7. Mr. Smith was ................ in a road accident.
A. wounded
B. wrong
C. injured
D. damaged
8. ………………… your cigarette before you go into class.
A. put out
B. put down
C. give up
D. give away
9. The River Thames .............. from Oxford to London
A. floats
B. flows
C. moves
D. passes
10. We spent our holiday in a hotel which had a private ..............

A. beach
B. coast
C. seaside
D. shore
11. She told me .................. to go to the bank.
A. not to forget
B. don’t forget
C. not forget
D. should not forget
12. Even if the rains .............. now, there won’t be harvest this year.
A. came
B. come
C. didn’t come
D. will come
13. Our teacher is very kind .............. us.
A. to
B. so
C. with
D. at
14. If she had put enough coffee in the pot, it ................... so week like this.
A. would taste
B. wouldn’t taste
C. would have taste D. could have taste
15. A railway bridge ................. over the river.
A. is built
B. is building
C. is being built
D. been built
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.

1. I have never met anyone more generous than your husband.
Your husband is the most generous man I’ve ever met.
2. Unless he keeps in touch immediately, he won’t get any information.
If he doesn’t keep in touch immediately, he won’t get any information.
3. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William,” his mother said.
William’s mother told him that he doesn’t leave the house until she got back.
4. They started working on this project last Christmas. They haven’t finished it yet.
They have worked on this project since last Christmast.
5. The thief suddenly realized that the police were watching him.

The thief suddenly realized that he was being watched by the police.

EXERCISES 4
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. Someone ..................... the chocolates! They’re nearly all gone!
A. has been eating B. has eaten
C. eats
D. is eating
2. If the bus ..................... soon, I’ll be late for school.
A. comes
B. doesn’t come
C. will come
D. came
3. She was working quietly at her desk when suddenly the door ..................... and her
daughter rushed in.
A. opened
B. was opening
C. opens
D. has opened

4. She said she’d married a man ..................... had been married ten times before.
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. whose
5. “What ..................... your classmates like?” “They’re fantastic!”
A. do
B. are
C. would
D. could
6. Fred has ..................... money than I do.
A. fewer
B. little
C. few
D. less
7. He hasn’t got ..................... birthday cards to choose from.
A. much
B. many
C. a lot of
D. a little
8. My daughter has a lot of pens and pencils. She ..................... drawing.
A. would like
B. likes
C. would like to
D. liked
9. ............ the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.
A. Although
B. In spite of
C. Despite
D. Even

10. “Don’t you get tired ..................... watching TV every night?”
A. with
B. by
C. of
D. at
11. If you are ............... with something, you are unhappy or bored with it.
A. satisfied
B. fed up
C. busy
D. careful
12. Jimmy can go............ this afternoon. He has to do his homework.
A. anywhere
B. nowhere
C. somewhere
D. everywhere
13. Do I need a .............. to get antibiotics from the chemist?
A. dose
B. prescription
C. receipt
D. recipe
14. “Have you learned by heart all those five poems?” - “I have learned ..................”
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. either of them
D. neither of them
15. “Let’s go the a new Indian restaurant after school today” - “...................”
A. We go
B. We’re going
C. All right
D. Goodbye

II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. “Do you remember to do your homework?” the teacher said to her students
The teacher asked her students if they remembered to do their homework.
2. My grandmother finds it difficult to read without her glasses.
It is difficult to my grandmother to read without her glasses.
3. The film was so boring that we left before the end.
We were so boring with the film that we left before the end.
4. Working outdoors is much nicer than working in an office.
Working in an office is not as nice as working outdoors.
5. The last time I saw her was when I was in high school.

I haven’t seen her since I was in high shool.

EXERCISES 5
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. .......... in 1912 that the Titanic sank while crossing the Atlantic.
A. It was
B. Being
C. When was
D. When it was
2. Lightning rarely .......... twice in the same place.
A. is striking
B. strikes
C. does it strike
D. it strikes
3. Before becoming President in 1928, Herbert Hoover .......... as Secretary of Commerce.
A. has served
B. was served

C. had served
D. serving
4. " She is very mean." - " Yes, she is not very ............."
A. generous
B. modern
\\C. healthy
D. wonderful
5. You ............ ride a bicycle on a motorway in Britain.
A. must
B. didn't have to
C. can't
D. should
6. She .............. when she heard that her horse was dead
A. broke down
B. broke into
C. broke out
D. broke up
7. I didn’t hear ……………. when he gave us the assignment.
A. what the professor says
B. what the professor said
C. that the professor said
D. which the professor says
8. My parents ................ tomorrow and they will stay for two weeks.
A. going to come B. come
C. are coming
D. have come
9. My father came home .............
A. very tiringly
B. very tiring
C. very tiredly

D. very tired
10. Please, wait for a moment. I haven’t finished ............... this letter.
A. to write
B. writing
C. write
D. wrote
11. When he heard the doorbell ring, he ran downstairs, two steps ...............
A. at a time
B. at times
C. in time
D. on time
12. The train to Ho Chi Minh City is at ...........
A. second platform B. the platform two C. two platform D. platform two
13. “Let’s play tennis this afternoon” “................”
A. It’s too hot to play
B. No, thanks
C. Yes, please
D. Yes, I can
14. The hotel in ............... we stayed wasn’t very clean.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. what
15. I sometimes get bored .................... my life.
A. with
B. of
C. from
D. at
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.

1. Despite knowing the area very well, I got lost.
Although I knew the area very well, I got lost.
2. You must wash your hands before eating.
Your hands must be washed before you eat.
3. John gains weight because he eats so many sweets and chocolates.
If John didn’t eat so many sweets and chocolates, he wouldn’t gain weight.
4. “Are there any letters for me?” Mary said to the postman.
Mary asked the postman if there were some letters for her.
5. That’s the dictionary. Bill gave it to me on my birthday.
That’s the dictionary Bill gave me on my birthday.

EXERCISES 6
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. ……… the lights went out, I was having a maths test.
A. During
B. When
C. While
D. As soon as
2. Ruth can’t go to Mike’s wedding because she’ll be away …… business.
A. for
B. on
C. at
D. with
3. A large number of seabirds are now at ……….. as a result of an oil tanker disaster.
A. danger
B. threat
C. difficulty
D. risk
4. I don’t think Jim will ever ………. in finding peace in mind.

A. manage
B. arrive
C. succeed
D. achieve
5. Today’s typewriter keyboard is ………. Shole’s 1867 keyboard.
A. as same as
B. the same as
C. the same than
D. a same one as
6. The Icelandic language ………. very little over the past 800 years.
A. is changed
B. has changed
C. changes are
D. bring their
7. Nuclear engines operate without air and consume ……….. fuel than do others engines
A. much less
B. most
C. much
D. most of the
8. Paul Samuelson was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in …….
A. economy
B. economical
C. economic
D. economics
9. Would you mind ................. please ?
A. to answer the telephone
B. answering the telephone
C. answer the telephone
D. to the telephone answering
10. The brakes need .................

A. adjusted
B. to adjustment
C. to adjust
D. adjusting
11. The bus only stops here to ................. passengers
A. get off
B. pick up
C. take up
D. get on
12. Last Sunday was ................. that we took a drive in the country
A. so beautiful day
B. such a beautiful day
C. such a beautiful weather
D. so a beautiful day
13. Because the first pair of trousers did not fit properly he asked for......
A. another trousers
B. the other one
C. others trousers D. another pair
14. He kept his job ................. the manager had threatened to sack him
A. despite
B. unless
C. even
D. although
15. She said that she could not .................a new dress on her small salary
A. spend
B. save
C. afford
D. spare
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.

1. They have been living here for six years now.
They moved to here six years ago.
2. “Who has been sitting in my chair?” said the chairman.
The chairman wondered that who had sat in his chair.
3. If you want my advice, I would forget about buying a new house.
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy a new house.
4. The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.
The furniture was too expensive for me to buy.
5. I ate dinner. I did the washing up.
When I had eaten dinner, I did the washing up.

EXERCISES 7
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. In a new culture, many embarrassing situations occur ............ a misunderstanding.
A. for
B. of
C. because of
D. because
2. Since they won the lottery, the Powells ............ a life of luxury in Italy.
A. live
B. had lived
C. have lived
D. are living
3. He spent ............ dollars on food and drinks.
A. only a few
B. only few
C. very a few
D. only a little
4. The speed of light is ............ the speed of sound.

A. the fastest
B. much faster than C. as fast
D. faster
5. ............ impressive chapter in the book was the chapter on Stuart’s scientific theories.
A. It was the most
B. The most
C. Most
D. Most of the
6. The dish ............ Is it spicy?
A. smells good
B. smells well
C. is smelled good D. is smelled well
7. Some people ............ sport to keep fit, not because they like it.
A. do
B. make
C. train
D. practice
8. She ............... a living working as a magician at children parties
A. earns
B. gains
C. has
D. wins
9. I want to have my suit cleaned. I ........... to a wedding on Saturday.
A. will
B. have been
C. am
D. am going
10. The noise got ................. as the car disappeared into the distance
A. smaller
B. fainter

C. weaker
D. slighter
11. They decided .............. the house although it was not in very good condition
A. buying
B. to buy
C. bought
D. not to buy
12. It all depends on ............... you want to consult.
A. who
B. for whom
C. with whom
D. of whom
13. Let’s go dancing, .................?
A. shall we
B. will we
C. do we
D. let’s not
14. Because the first pair of trousers did not fit properly he asked for......
A. another trousers
B. the other one
C. others trousers D. another pair
15. He kept his job ................. the manager had threatened to sack him
A. despite
B. unless
C. even
D. although
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. “Can you come to her party tomorrow?” asked Pete.
Pete asked me if I could come to her party today.

2. They’ve changed the deadline of the assignment.
The deadline of the assignment has been changed.
3. She has to take some medicine or she won’t get better.
If she didn’t take some medicine, she wouldn’t get better.
4. The machine cost over a million pounds. I have to use it in my job.
The machine which I have to use in my job cost over a million pounds.
5. I last borrowed you some money two weeks ago.
I have borrowed you some money for two weeks.

EXERCISES 8
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. The train will leave the station .................. ten minutes
A. until
B. for
C. during
D. in
2. He .................. newspapers for ten years.
A. is selling
B. sells
C. has been selling D. has been sold
3. This dinner looks ......... to me.
A. well
B. badly
C. good
D. nicely
4. “.........?” “She is tall and smart.”
A. How is she like
B. What is she like C. What is she
D. Who is she

5. The news was ......... to them that they were all dead silent.
A. so shock
B. such shock
C. such a shock
D. too shocked
6. We were prevented .................. going fishing by the bad weather.
A. in
B. on
C. from
D. at
7. After I .................. at the bus terminus, I found a crowd of schoolboys.
A. have arrived
B. arrived
C. had arrived
D. had been arriving
8. The motor car has had an enormous effect .................. in North America
A. in daily life
B. in daily lives
C. on daily life
D. to daily life
9. “ Bill hasn’t arrived yet” - “I wonder ..................”
A. when he will come B. when he is come C. when to come
D. when he will come
10. If I .................. the day off tomorrow, I would go to the beach.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
D. can have
11. How long ......... your car before you decided to sell it?
A. have you had

B. have you
C. you’ve had
D. had you had
12. ...... going to the party.
A. Everybody are
B. Every people is C. Every people are D. Everyone is
13. We traveled to the capital city with only ......... luggage.
A. a few
B. a lot of
C. any
D. a little
14. Our children ............. to the water park every Sunday.
A. enjoy to take
B. enjoy to be taken C. enjoy being taken D. enjoy taken
15. Air pollution is a ......... of ill-health in human beings.
A. damage
B. make
C. reason
D. cause
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. “Don’t forget to feed the cat everyday” she said to her husband
She told her husband not to forget to feed the cat every day.
2. Because the traffic was heavy, I came to the meeting fifteen minutes late.
Because of heavy traffic, I came to the meeting fifteen minutes late
3. He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
He ran too fast for me to catch up with him.
4. An American chemist invented Nylon in the early 1930s.
Nylon was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist.
5. I did my homework. I asked my father to check it for me.

After I had done my homework, I asked my father to check it for me.

EXERCISES 9
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. She told me I would have an accident if I ............ more care.
A. ‘m not taking
B. haven’t taken
C. won’t take
D. didn’t take
2. When she reached the cinema, she .................. a ticket.
A. buying
B. is buying
C. bought
D. will buy
3. For a long time after the accident, he suffered from a constant ............. in his back.
A. pain
B. ache
C. hurt
D. injury
4. You will ................. yourself a lot of time if you take a taxi.
A. spend
B. make
C. spare
D. save
5. “Can I help you?” - “....................”
A. I don’t like this, I’m afraid
B. Very good
C. No, thanks. I’m just looking
D. No, you can’t

6. Would you mind ..................the television on?
A. turn
B. to turn
C. turning
D. to turning
7. I have been looking for this book for months, and ............. I have found it.
A. in time
B. at the end
C. last
D. in the end
8. He passed the exam ................. his laziness.
A. because of
B. because
C. instead of
D. in spite of
9. My father had the telephone ........... out of his office.
A. take
B. taken
C. to take
D. taking
10. Heathrow is … airports in the world.
A. one of the busier B. one of busiest
C. one of the busiest D. busiest
11. If you put on some clothes in a shop to see if they are the right size, you …
A. try them on
B. try them out
C. take them back
D. take them off
12. ................... blind can see nothing.
A. The

B. A
C. All
D. Every
13. The mirror was ................... broken.
A. accident
B. accidentally
C. accidental
D. by accident
14. It’s a long walk to your house from here, I’ll give you a/an …in my car if you like.
A. lift
B. elevator
C. stair case
D. ladder
15. He never goes to the market, ...................?
A. doesn’t he
B. does he
C. is he
D. isn’t he
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. Students find it difficult to master Listening Skill.
It is difficult to students to master Listening Skill.
2. Someone had broken the chair before I came in.
The chair had been broken before I came in.
3. She is preparing breakfast. She started doing it when she got up.
She has prepared breakfast since she got up.
4. Although we played with ten men, we won easily.
In spite of playing with ten men, we won easily.
5. “I was late for work this morning” She said to me.
She told me that she had been lated for work that morning.

EXERCISES 10
I. Choose the best answer by circling the letter A, B, C, or D.
1. I ............... leave without waking my wife up.
A. could
B. succeeded
C. became
D. managed
2. The candidates were very busy ........... their compositions.
A. write
B. having written
C. written
D. writing
3. The bus conductor told him to get off because he couldn’t pay the .................
A. bill
B. fare
C. fee
D. journey
4. We are not used ..................... late at night.
A. for studying
B. to studying
C. to study
D. being studied
5. “When did you go to work?” - “As soon as they came in, we ........... to work”
A. went
B. were going
C. had gone
D. go
6. He says he’s been to ............... restaurant in the town.

A. many
B. every
C. all
D. some
7. Price of cigarettes are very ................ these days.
A. big
B. expensive
C. increased
D. high
8. We stayed at home because Ann wasn’t very keen ........ going out ........... the rain.
A. for/under
B. about/in
C. on/in
D. on/under
9. We wanted to give him .............. help, but he turned us down.
A. few
B. little
C. a few
D. a little
10. May I watch the game .............. we are having lunch?
A. while
B. during
C. between
D. just
11. It .............. a year ago.
A. has happened
B. happens
C. happened
D. was happened
12. The buses usually stop ............. before midnight.

A. to run
B. run
C. runs
D. running
13. I was surprised ............. the weather; it rained nearly every day.
A. with
B. at
C. in
D. to
14. What ........ beautiful weather!
A. a
B. the
C. this
D. ----15. ‘ Would you like to go out with me tonight?’ ‘ .....................’
A. It doesn't matter
B. Sorry, I don't think I can
C. No, I wouldn't
D. Don't mention it
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the original sentence.
1. Although my sister was successful, she felt unhappy.
Despite being successful, my sister felt unhappy.
2. Steven is an architect. His designs have won many international awards.
Steven is an architect whose designs have won many international awards.
3. We found it difficult to say goodbye.
It was difficult to us to say goodbye.
4. She wrote the letter. Then she went to the post office.
After writing the letter, she went to the post office.
5. “You’ve made a terrible mistake, Jane!” said Peter
Peter told Jane that Jane made a terrible mistake.