SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CHUA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN
KHOA SINH HỌC
BÀI BÁO CÁO
MÔN SINH HỌC SINH SẢN
Đề Tài:
GVHD: Cô Nguyễn Thị Thương Huyền
Nhóm 1:
  
  
   
! "#$%  &
 '()"*  
 +,-".  
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, ngày tháng 3 năm 2009
MỤC LỤC
I. TỔNG QUAN
I.1 ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
I.2 SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH
I.3 LƯỢC SỬ QUÁ TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU
II. TIẾN TRÌNH THỰC HIỆN
III. NỘI DUNG
III.1 SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH TỰ NHIÊN
III.1.1Hình Thức Sinh Sản Vô Tính Tự Nhiên ở Động Vật Không Xương
III.1.1.1 
/
0
1

III.1.1.2 2)
/


III.1.1.3 )30
III.1.1.4 
4
5
III.1.1.5 +56
III.1.1.5.1 +563-78
III.1.1.5.2 +569,:78
III.1.2Hình Thức Sinh Sản Vô Tính Tự Nhiên ở Động Vật Có Xương Sống
;;; SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH NHÂN TẠO - NHÂN BẢN VÔ TÍNH
;;; Khái Niệm
III.2.2Phân Loại
III.2.2.1 Tách Phôi
III.2.2.1.1 Tách phôi làm đôi
III.2.2.1.2 Tách phôi thành từng tế bào riêng rẽ
III.2.2.1.3 Ý nghĩa
III.2.2.2 Chuyển Nhân
III.2.2.2.1 Giới thiệu
III.2.2.2.2 Nguyên lý và quy trình cơ bản
III.2.2.2.3 Một số kỹ thuật chuyển nhân được ứng dụng phổ biến
III.2.2.2.4 Sự phát triển của phôi sau khi chuyển nhân
III.2.2.2.5 Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự thành công của kỹ thuật chuyển
nhân
III.2.2.2.6 Hiệu quả của kỹ thuật chuyển nhân
;;; Đạo Lý Sinh Học Trong Nhân Bản Vô Tính
III.3 THÀNH TỰU VÀ ỨNG DỤNG
III.3.1THÀNH TỰU
III.3.2ỨNG DỤNG
III.3.2.1 Ứng dụng trong nông nghiệp
III.3.2.2 Ứng dụng khác của nhân bản

III.3.2.3 Ứng dụng trong y-sinh học
IV. KÊ
́
T LUÂ
̣
N
V. TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
VI. TỔNG QUAN
I.4 ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
<=5>5?@AB3CD,C9EB8F(G,3.
H(IJKLBM9)(5>5?NOJBP=Q(9(OBB>
ICNR7=(SB,TUVB$NJ30$B7.WM3CJ5XB
B+YZUXNJ9J5B[-SB,TB+\G,B*+
X,-XX3YXDJ=B3895>5?\3PBR=(85?(0NJ
3](UVB$NJB?B3^X-
_5NOB3L+3`\BBaNJXBB+YQ(8BB`FJ\NR](5>BE
C\B3b3YB.NRc7E38I0B+,`d8B(D(3,T
3eB+9J9J5=3YF(B+*3,T5?9,T9=Jf5?\,NORCBYF(B+*
f?NJXBB+YY9J3,T3](J7(85NOBX6B>S8BH
g5?I*3C.9JK56h
+=B,
i
\=
4
j
1
B,
4
55
/

X0
/
7
4
9
1
K5
/
N0Bj
4
N
1
K5
/

,
k
(Bj
4
d0kj
1
B,
4
X(
1
-
i
XN-
4
B,

1
7)
i
B
4
=
4
(
/
5N)
i
B0B,-
1
\
-
/
,
k
9=
1
=
4
,
4
30
i
B
4
=
4

B)
4
X\B,-
1
5,
/
F(
i
j
1
B,
4
5j
4
5
/
N0Bj
4
l
=
1
-
/
,
k
9=
1
=
4
,

4
30
i
B
4
=
4
=-Bj
1
5,
/
F(
i
j
1
B,
4
55
/
,
k
(
Bj
4
m)
i
0
i
BN)
4

3
1
3g
i
B+9
1
B
i
5=UB+j
1
30
i
U==
i
U
k
B()
i
B
1

1
X
4
B
B+
/
=-\Bj
1


4

1
U==
i
9
i
=
4
n(,-
4
,
4
(B+
4
9=
1
30
i
N)
i
B
7)
i
=AB)
i
j
4
B+-B
/

=,-
1
og
1
B
i
=+
4
B
4

i
7g
1
j
1
B,
4

55
/
N0Bj
4
m)
i
HB[55
/
N0Bj
4
JJBYS3,TBDQ(

B+B+=H(U=NJNSH(\p+8NJXF556
N0B.3YXN=3.I=,`9J+qBDBEB,N
i

4
XF(
i

55
/
N0Bj
4
N
1
=N
i
B
i
=+
4

4
B
/
-
4
=
4
X(
1

-
i
XN-
4
Q(9()
i
BB,
i
N
1
3
i
=9
4
5=
i
U09
1
0
i
B)(=
/
9-
4
3
k
N
1
33,-
i

7
1
9()
i
n0n=
B+=-
4
U==
i
N
1
,
k
-
4
Q(B)
I.5 SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH
"6qBI556N0B.9JQ(B+*(X)r3)\C5>XBB+YI
8BBY^Q(](9DX)7J=(s\BEXBP=9J5>B+`8B
XDBYq\3Y*BJ8B-BY=_FBE7J==O3,T78P
(N^BMBE7J=^73D(\3E9,TB*\$9a=+BES=
BEXBP=t2\2amg2$\ \
u
I.6 LƯỢC SỬ QUÁ TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU
 g\((5BvP5\aw+P7P+\3,+6B(EBxB0B
FB+(]IBE7J=67RBU$7SBC\3,T9J(EBqB
DyP+X95BP=+u
 g\v9P9z=(nUYHB(EBJ\0XI8BB+=
BE7J=IX0BE7J=7Z8BGUCEBQ(6xBE7J=f9a
*BJ8B{X0cB.SCB+3LI8B(EBI

v9P9
 g|!\5}+P5BBE7J=X0BMX0o!BE7J=I.
7Yt5P(+uNJQ(5BU6gXBB+YBJq(B+#[EBQ(6
J77[B(EBIv9P9z=(n
 g|x55XP+AJX0,`H\3aw+7(+B
X0BE7J=I50BJXDI$XBB+YBJq(B+#
=J~
 g|x0BX07*50p3=ap3=aBE7J=I
BE7J=XBB+YBJ-BYB+,pBJ
 g|xz=7P+B"+5NJ=5•mtmSH((B,uBa=
Ff8B=E7Zq)BE7J=3=aIX0NJ=B+H
,BB3L9=a)+HX)€B,U0XBB+Y
 g| x•=y=+Ft3a•n‚=+Fu3LBa=FfBJ0E
B+,pBJNJBJB5FBMBE7J=+(8BI=EB+,pBJ
U3L7SBC
 g|!xKBPPd99=F5=tauBa=FfM(7Z(Y
BE7J=IX0BE7J=IB+HNJ=BE7J=B+H,BB3L9=a)
"B+=5?!X03,T(YNJ=NfB+HM(NJXBB+YBJ
cBE7J==U(N]FB+(]O.0fB+8BE7J=
X0Ic9=JU(NRNBa=+BY9M(FNJM(
7fzƒ+JB.SI03LH+ZCBY(YBa=
Ff38NOBCN$7Z(Y)
 g| v99FP3LBa=Ff=7f7Z5{FBE7J=X0
3L7SBCB(D
 g||&xz3`M(}=99\38NOBCN$3D(B3,TBa=+BMX,-
XX  5  56  N0  B.  _=  ,`  7€B  3D(  3C  N  I  _$
g||x_JH(IB+,`3av5=59D3D(B
Ba=+3,TBE7J=?X0\p+=3,`=5>56n(qB<BP=(
D(@0=q„X
 xd8BCH(p7Pn5B>S556N0B.

9D3D(B8B=…=5(U3LBM?B>S9J8B=CN0
B.
 xad†NJ;B9\JH(B07=+ZB.
SN]556N0B.,`33,TBEJ(\3)‡
Q(~9J8BB+f3#
 xa+(ˆ(?\75†B07=5>BB3D(B
7ZU†B(OB<(Y)@)IB+HI8Bc7S)N05
3,TqNJ=B+=B+H3L3,T9=a7[)I8BXcU2,-
XXJ+qB?NR556N0B.3LNqXX65>X63?U9SB
 x_JH(I7SNS"=5B=Ba=+B
B+#BMBE7J=?NJ5{F$3YBa=+8BX0
 !x_JU=Jˆ(?Ba=+BE7J=?X0BM8B
X0,`B(3,T7ZX,-XX556N0B.
 !xd8BJH(IB+,`3a+N+F(0&Ff
BE7J=?9qBMX0F,BM3,TBa=+BMBBB+=?
S3L=JBqB
 !!xd8BCH(,`OB"6B07=5>+3`
I8B=(8B€BU0D7?J~DB+HBM(8B^)
9JU†B(OBB>56\8B-E556J,`BBM=+ZU0BY
B>Sp38NOBCN$
  !x_JH(I8B7SNS3U=_=B
FfBE7J=?IX0,`CH7qBB,`N]P2B
SJ3LB$3WH(N]X,-XXcB+9=a7SF
B+(]
 |!xd8BXc,`"~=+3`8BP7„5(U3,TBE
JB>„X0B+H3,TB+c9aBMB+,R)9JB>S3D(B
B(89=aJ
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qB5=
 xCH(,`Jˆ(?IBE5†‰v==o

5(UU‡33L5{FX0,`7€B(BM556N0B.3Y
Ba=+BE7J=?BP=(D(I7S)79=a7SU
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3,TC556N0B.3D(B
tBBXxŠŠ‰‰‰5=NPB=ŠNŠ=F(9P5XX‹
‚9PŒ+B9P•PŒP‰5•5FŒ|&u
VII. TIẾN TRÌNH THỰC HIỆN
 OXCt ŠŠ|u
 O3]BJt ŠŠ|u
 XCX)B.3]BJ\9OX3],-tŠŠ|u
 U6=ŽUEIy6NN]],-tŠŠ|u
 Kcc],-tŠŠ|u
 2)SN=BMBJNBP=8F(],-tŠŠ|u
 bTXJ9S(BM5NJBP+PBtŠŠ|A|ŠŠ|u
 bTX7JNEBBJXDt|ŠŠ|u
 =J~7J7==9Dt ŠŠ|u
 U6=ŽUEIy6NN]7J7==t&ŠŠ|u
 K{cNJ=J~7J7==9DtŠŠ|u
VIII. NỘI DUNG
III.4 SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH TỰ NHIÊN
;;; Hình Thức Sinh Sản Vô Tính Tự Nhiên ở Động Vật Không Xương
III.1.1.1 
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BBXxŠŠP5==9P=NŠ+P5‹
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BBXxŠŠ‰‰‰PU5U=+Š‚(9BŠ‘7(U9PŠ+P7=ŠB=55Q•B9
III.1.1.4 
4
5 x=
4
9
1

i
B,-
i
B
4
B

i
=0
i
BX)
1
-B
/
U7
i
(
/
=
i


1
(
1
B)
4
+=
k
-
/
5=7
/
xU7
i
3,
4

B)
4
B0
i
B
4
\
4

1
5P
k
3,-
i
=
i
9
i

"
/
B)5,
i
B
4
5,N,
1
0B
/
U03,-

i

nP9
1
55
/
Nj
1
U0B
i

4
B
/
-
4

,B+=0
i
B50
4
B+,-
1
-
i
X\(
k
=5=
7
/

=
4
B+\U7
i
g
4
BB
1

1
(X)
1
Bj
1
,
k

/
=
/
=
4
Fj
4
0
i
BX)
1
B+(B)5P
k

B
4
5 B
1
,
k
=5=7
/
-
4

i

B,-
i

1
j
4
9
1
0
i
BU
/
(55
/
N0Bj
4


t2\2amg2$\ \
u
*K=7Y563"6
t2\2amg2$\ \u
III.1.1.5 +56 xJ5>XBB+YBYB+,pBJBMB+HU0B
B\˜9JU0C5>BIBB+#\~C)(
BNJ=5>XBB+YSB,TB+56Xb7Ep38NOB7O
BqX 78996:6"6"6"9396%;96::<
6"6=>?@?A5?5&B
CDEFG;F"HI%I'
#B(8NJ=B+aBFB+(]IB+HU5>XBB+YIX07€B3D(JC
*BHB+56x3-78NJ9,:78
;;; +563-78x)IB+HB+6Q(9DX)6
s7*B,`NJBE7J=B+H78s5€BY3-78tu\U0
Q( BB ,  N™ XB B+YBJX0+ BJ - BY3- 78
t(sK†d\|\JH;KI4%'L"Lum.F,x
=\UE\BfNfNJ8B5?+SX\S•
,`c-BYJC5H5?U„NJ=JB=JN05,3e7SB
p=NJ8B5?9=JU0n,-5?\B+563-789a9Jn(qBS
c=3>c(B7*B,`\$9Jc=B{3L3,T<-BY
C@C U6  g 56 n(qB  B  B+# U0Q( 6  X) t  (s K†
d\|\JH;,
-
I4%'L"LB
;;; +569,:78xr8B5?38NOBU0n,-5?,+O
,RtMuNJ+SX)t5uN?7*B,`N™556c(B.
,UeX3](US5?U0B(O9TCBY(Y5B+56
9,:78_$5+cB+HU0Q(6X)Hs
5€BYNJB+HU0Q(BBXBB+YBJ-BYB+,pBJ_-
BYBa=+=JB=J?7?^r8B5?9=JXBZ9Z$536

GCSB,TJ\B+=Q(DBYI$=JB=JU0C?
3> t(sK†d\|\JH;KI4%'L"LB
r8B5?9=J38NOBB,`eX, Xn\B+#7nPNJ8B5?9=J
0B+#,+SX)\=NJUESB,TB+56n6+7*B,`B+=
B=J78Nf3`=e8B5?U)(B+=(B+*5?9JB+56B>NJ
-BYBa=BJCBY9J9,:78,p+SX)t56u\+SX=tN:O6u\
M\ P\  0  B+#  B‡\   J\  F    NJ  (  B+f
t99QQQ%R:3969N6663:B
;;;! Hình Thức Sinh Sản Vô Tính Tự Nhiên ở Động Vật Có Xương Sống
K56N0B.9J8B*BHB,-3?Ep38NOBCn,-5?
()9JSB,TJ,3,TB*Y(+ƒT.B+,R€BI5
56N0B.9J$XQ(DBYXBB+YCB+=3](USb3+=
U3C\556c(B.$X5NOBB.-NR5>B3bI3](
US0B+,`
d8B5?5NOBF=B{tPBP+=u\NMCU6g556N0B.\NMC
U6g556c(B.\B#B(8NJ=3](US0B+,`
K30#B+Hp,`3,TnP9J*BHBa=FfN0B.B>
+,`TXJn6++qB.B\(),3,TB*Y(+ƒ+J\eF#N]
*BH\TXB{X)30BJBE7J=X0\BM3C*BJBY\
XBB+Y5=5=B+=B{(I,`^
_SB,T35Y(-BY+qBEeXB+=B>
=JBB(t+F99=u~+B+HF(qB
B+=(UV8BgK(UB+H3,TB
B\X0X)(sBa=BJ!
BE7J=X0\BE7J==+8B=,
NO\C7?=t30U](-u+3`BM
8BX073D(\BqB6BB(NM3,T5+
8B9H3](C78FB+(],(\NJ
BqB#RB.
*&B(M"A6::"

t"=9N\u
t2\2amg2$\ \u
+56xr38NOBCn,-5?\B+56B>p7f5B,BZ9Z3
tS6O:uNJpJB)B+=3](USB>C3E!”B+HU0B
BCU6gXBB+Y\,~CB~9S[XBB+YBJJ=+=
7S,`\B+56CBY9J(?I8B5?(Q(mJ,`BCBY
F#](B)U(,B3bSB38\X\38(?\B)
C-3YB38NJ=B+H3YU0n6+Q(B+*BB,
N™XBB+YBJ-BY9JB+56)Ba=m.FUB+H3LBJB
7Z  n{  9.  9a  =e  nB\  3e  7SB  3?  NR  c  B+H  3š  NJ=  ,R
78996:6"6"6"9396%;96::<
6"6=>?@?A5?5&B
d8BNJ9=JfCU6g7E3bBMRB.J5RB.U7p5>
7E38I(UV=+=P\U38P5B+=Pn(?BqX\BY7898
B.B+aNJ=aB38,=3>UP5B+=PBg=$9aC7Y(S
,=
g|!\BaB+aB.S"P9N5td†u\d•95PXBSB+=3](US7*
B,`3Ln(qBS8BB›9SqB3B+HJ,]3,TBBtJB)B+€
"P9N5u,N™CU6gXBB+YBJX0r8B5?9=JU\5>B+
56Cc7EBD(NJ3,T=9JB+56U0=JB=J\7=S
B,T  ™(  5  t=PP55u\  X  5  tF+=PP55u  NJ  B+  56  
t7+=PP55u
 d™(5 xyD?5>B+56B,R\BY=3,T565#-
E,B+56\,B+HDX63,TU.=aB7p8BBB+#3Y
XBB+Y(\BB+#U03CCX7qBUV(9S(FB+(]
J==BES==rcQ(DBYBE(=3>\5>=aBCB+H
3,TB>S7Z=5œ=X?NRc=3>I9=J
J=3CCQ(SDGqB
SB,T™(53,T(775XBSNJ=g|p9=JN,T
3š=d=99PP5‚=+=5NJ5(3Cy=9=N5U\z05=Nt|&!u-B5

S  p    FE  7a  t_+55(5
(+B(5  7P9=u  d8B  UV  ?
B(8?75B=G5
56BP=*BH™(5\e
F#3b U $C5>BB
B>  5>  7p  = 3>\  , +qB
E  tU=6  8B  XD  B+S(
B+,` TX  = X?u\  3](  J
$X3bRN?P9=J
*V053%3
t•"=+B\u
 25 x)9JQ(B+*Ba=+8BBY9,:78~HB0BF
B+(]I=3>F=NO\Q(DBY9=JX5~7=c=
3>B+#I$5œ3,TBBNRB+HI9=JCQ(SD
G_‡\9=J=79955œBBNRB+HI9=J_X+(5
+X=3YBa=TXB{\TXB{XBB+YBa=BJX020~H(
9S(FB+(]I=3>\=7995zƒ+J\=7995~,TB+H
I_X+(5+X=3YXBB+Y9=J
 +566 x](B69JB+569\7pSB,TJU0
=JB=J9J556N0B.JfCB.qB7Ff\{Ff
tP9=9u\NR8B{78P3,TB+(]=BESBEXBP=NJ8B
{f9a3,TBBE
+=c9=JB+566\==X?NR=3>NJ63](
3CCX(9S(FB+(]==I$,Uc=
B+,pBJ\B+HF=$56n(qBU0H(9S(FB+(]BM
\JH8B765=.n(9S(FB+(]BM^ˆ(B+*
556BEXBB*HBES5œ8B{N?FB+(]BM^NJ
8B{N?FB+(]BM
*BHCB+B,`BqpI2=P9=X55
*|

t2\2amg2$\ \u
;;; SINH SẢN VÔ TÍNH NHÂN TẠO - NHÂN BẢN VÔ TÍNH
;;; Khái Niệm
)76N0B.9JU†B(OBBa=+8BBYRJU0D5>UEBTXc
=B{3>NJ\J~D8BBY3-9šC](3YB>S
,C3,T3B›9SBJ0NJXb7E9JBX0NJ
(Y)
;;;! Phân Loại

III.2.2.1 Tách Phôit“7+=KX9BBu
X0xd8BX03,TBtNB+=u7ZNB=BBJXDt](
-u9JU†B(OBBX0\3,TXBB+Y3D(B7pv99F5Pt|&|uNR
X0M(NJJJ3,T7E3b\=JBS3YXNg(0\9JBg5?
9,TX0
III.2.2.1.2 Tách phôi làm đôi
20CBY3,TB7p9,:F=[t+=U‚Putv995NJ5\|u\=e
7ZGXXPBBPBIBt••9NJN5\|lv99F5PNJy=FUP\|!u(
\8BNJB+,`TX\CBYBX0BJ!XDB,-3?7Z(
205(U3,TB9J30tX0{’9‚oP7+=u=e3,T77pJ
•2=eU0\B+,RU3,T(YNJ=^O
›9SBB+=B+,`TXJU(30$Br8B5?9=J\
X0{X63,T3eBNJ=B+=J•27p$Cn(,RUEBTXNJF(
TXNJ=(UBEXn$\*BJX0U69R-_,C7ZHJ=
N]cUEU(EB5(U5G,c7qBB,`U7Y(Sp
BES=UB>SQ(B+*J_CBY5{F](X,-XX3YB
X0p3=aU(\‡aF#P•PtX,-XXCul
E(B?NOB9Žt5()\95P+•uB7ZB38-t5{FF=
XXPBBPu(X,-XX-N™3,T=9JBSFNJB=J
-6
 ](USIX0

_~X03,Tn3€€9JXBB+Y7*B,`
y3=a(?IX0F)(tX0F)(Ju=e3=a3D(IX0tX0
5Ru\UU?BE7J=3I9RNJ,7SBC5œ=UEBQ(6B30=-
T%,!",U;V"WXYJ3
YZ"("[\US,0J0TT]
E(Bp3=aX0F)(\~DU?DX0lE(€Bp
3=aX0\D$Ž=JXD)+\B*XD9(0tB+=X=795Bu
GX63,TBU…€BX0p3=a(8-\BE7J=
X03L7SBC*BJ9X0\9$Jn5(qB=8B-BYB+
N^UC3,T3676=\B0B,`B7EBB+,RU5
W:3
WX!" %WX%:#3
7 =BU†B(OB
ˆ(3YBHqBx~€B)\5(3CB+6{X03CNJ=J•2B+,RU
(0q
ˆ(3YBHx5(UBtB,`9JX0Ju3PX03q\
U0D3,NJ=J•2