giáo trình ôn tậpTA

A. THÌ
QUÁ KHỨ
HIỆN TẠI
TƯƠNG LAI
QK Đơn
HT Đơn
TL Đơn
QK Tiếp Diễn
HT Tiếp Diễn
TL Tiếp Diễn
QK Hoàn Thành
HT Hoàn Thành
TL Hoàn Thành
QK Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn
HT Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn
TL Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn
Ngoài ra còn có thì Tương Lai Gần (Be going to) và Modal Verb (what, where, when, shall, should, would, may, might, must,
have to, ought to, had better.
I. Thì Hiện Tại Đơn với V thường:

Cách dùng:

Dấu hiệu

Công thức:

+ Diễn tả hành
động xảy ra
thường xuyên,
liên tục, thói
quen hàng

ngày.

(+) S + V(o/e/es) + ….

I, You, We, They + Vo
She, He, It + Vs/es
V kết thúc = o, sh, ch, x, sh, z + es

(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + Vo + …
S là I, You, We, They + Do/ Don’t
S là She, He, It + does/ doesn’t

+ Sự thật hiển
nhiên.

(?) (Wh) + Do/Does + S + Vo…?

Always,
sometimes,
usually, often,
never, rarely,
seldom,
regularly

Every….
Once a week
Twice a week
3 times/2 times
a week

Thì Hiện Tại Đơn với to be:

Bài tập:
1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo thì HTĐ
1. I (need) you.
1. I (not ride) horses.
2. This (weigh) 20 kilograms.
2. You (not sell) cars.
3. Ron (seem) serious.
3. He (not bring) gifts.
4. We (like) tomatoes.
4. She (not take) pictures.
5. The boy (want) to play.
5. It (not cost) so much.
6. You (need) to sleep.
6. We (not seem) so happy.
7. They (agree) with me.
7. They (not buy) new products.
8. She (hear) something strange.
8. Michael (not dance).
9. The box (contain) food.
9. Michel (not run) fast.
10. Emma (appear) sad.
10. Tim and Kate (not work) every day.
11. David (know) how to fix a car.
11. Lucas and Clara (not eat) meat.
12. Daniel and Liz (seem) happy.
12. I (not swim) much.
13. This (smell) bad.
13. You (not ski) at all.

14. I (believe) you.
14. It (not be) boring.
15. We (be) number one!
15. We (not give up).

1. (I wake up) at five in the morning?
2. (you go) to work by train?
3. (she drink) coffee every morning?
4. (he smoke)?
5. (it hurt)?
6. (we dance)?
7. (they travel)?
8. (Emma cook) well?
9. (Alexander exercise) regularly?
10. (I look) well?
11. (you rest) enough?
12. (William work) too hard?
13. (they travel) often?
14. (Anthony go) to sleep too late?
15. (you bake) cakes?

2. Gạch chân các dấu hiệu nếu có và chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Nina (walk)……………………….to school every day.
10. John rarely (leave) ……………… the country.


2. I (listen)………………………………to music every night.
3. He (study)……………….Information Technology every night.
4. This boy (not ride)……………………a bike every day.
5. He always (tell) ……………… us funny stories.

6. She never (help) ……………… me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin (not swim) ……………… twice a week.
8. In this club people usually (dance) ……………… a lot.
9. ………………You (play) ………………basketball once a week?
II. Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn

Cách dùng:
+ Diễn tả hành
động đang xảy
ra tại thời
điểm nói.
+ Sự thay đổi
tạm thời

+ hành động
xảy ra quá
thường xuyên,
làm người
khác khó chịu

11. We (live) ……………… in the city most of the year.
12. …………Lorie (travel) ……………… to Paris every Sunday?
13. I (bake) ……………… cookies twice a month.
14. You always (teach) ……………… me new things.
15. I usually (go) ……………… to school.
16. They (not visit) ………………us often.
17. ………………Tom (work) ……………… every day?
18. She……..(be) always beautiful.

Dấu hiệu

Công thức:

(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing…

(-)S + is/am/are + not + Ving…

(?) (Wh) + is/am/are+ S +V-ing..?

I
+ am
You, We, They + are
She, He, It
+ is

Now, at the
moment, at
present, at this
time , today

Listen! Look! Be
quiet! Shh!...

(always)
Bài tập:
1. Chia động từ trong ngoặc, gạch chân DHNB nếu có:
1. I (watch) television now.
2. He (listen) to music at the moment.
3. We (not play) volley ball in the yard right now.
4. Nga and Hoa (not do ) the housework at the moment.

5. You (read) the book now?
6. Your brother (wash) his face in the bathroom now?

7. What the children (do) in the yard right now?
8. Where Mr Minh (work)?
9. How your father (travel) to work?
10. Look! Hoa ( drive) a car.
11. Shh! The baby (sleep).
12. Be quiet! I (talk) on phone.

2. Chia động từ trong ngoặc, gạch chân DHNB nếu có:
1.Look! He (leave) the house.
2.Quiet please! I (write) a test.
3.She usually (walk) to school but today she (go) by bus.
4.Look! Today she (go) by bike.
5.Every Sunday we (go) to see my grandparents.
6.He often (go) to the cinema.
7.We (play) Monopoly at the moment.
8.The child seldom (cry) .
9.I (not / do) anything at the moment.
10. (watch / he) the news regularly?

11) Andy sometimes (read) comics.
12) We never (watch) TV in the morning.
13) Listen! Sandy (sing) in the bathroom.
14) My sister usually (help) in the kitchen.
15) My mother (make) breakfast now.
16) They often (clean) the bathroom.
17) Look! The boys (come) home.
18) Every day his grandfather (go) for a walk.

19) I (chat) with my friend at the moment.
20) Cats (eat)mice.


III. Thì Quá khứ Đơn với V thường:

Cách dùng:

Công thức:

+ Diễn tả hành
động đã xảy ra
và kết thúc
trong quá khứ

(+) S + Ved/2 + ….

(-) S + didn’t + Vo + …

Dấu hiệu

…ago
last…
yesterday
in 2014←
in the past

(?) (Wh) + did + S + Vo…?
Thì Hiện Tại Đơn với to be:

Bài tập:
1. Hoàn thành câu với hình thức quá khứ của TO BE
1. Yesterday …… Monday. I …… at school.
6. I…………… in London last month.
2. Mom and Dad ………………..at home yesterday.
7. ………you at Nina’s house yesterday?
3. The weather……………… nice last night.
8. I…………with him yesterday.
4. ……… he free all day yesterday?
9. …………..they happy last week?
5. She…………….tired last night.
10. He………… at school yesterday.
2. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng to be
1. Last night I ………. sad but now I ………….happy.
4. Yesterday I……….. at school but now I………..at home.
2. The weather ……….hot today but it………cold last month.
5. Today they………….. strong but last week they……weak
3. David ………….. Sam’s house now.
3. Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Yesterday, I (go)______ to the restaurant with a client.
2. We (drive) ______ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space.
3. When we (arrive) ______ at the restaurant, the place (be) ______ full.
4. The waitress (ask) ______ us if we (have)………… reservations.
5. I (say)…………………, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
6. The waitress (tell)______ us to come back in two hours.
7. My client and I slowly (walk) ______ back to the car.
8. Then we (see) ______ a small grocery store.
9. We (stop) in the grocery store and (buy) ______ some sandwiches.
10. That (be) ______ better than waiting for two hours.
11. I (not go) ______ to school last Sunday.

12. She (get) ______ married last year?
13. What you (do) ______ last night? - I (do) ______ my homework.
14. Yesterday, I (get) ______ up at 6 and (have) ______ breakfast at 6.30.
4. Chuyển các câu sau sang dạng phủ định và câu hỏi Yes/ No sử dụng dạng viết tắt như trong ví dụ.
She went to the park with her friend last Friday.
=> She didn’t go to the park with her friend last Friday.
=> Did she go to the park with her friend last Friday?
1.
It was hot last summer.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..


=>………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2.
They played football yesterday.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.
Last week I had an important meeting.
=>
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.
He worked as an accountant from 1995 to 2000.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5.
Jim and Claire were tired of doing the same thing in the office yesterday.
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………..

IV. Thì tương lai đơn

Cách dùng:
Diễn tả hành
động sẽ xảy ra
trong tương lai

Công thức:
(+) S + will + Vo….

(-) S + won’t + Vo + …

Bài tập

Dấu hiệu
Next…
Tomorrow
Tonight
In the future
in 2016→
this evening….
soon

(?) (Wh) + will + S + Vo…?

1. Hoàn tất các câu sau ở thì tương lai đơn với các động từ 2. Đổi các câu sau sang thể phủ định và câu hỏi
cho trong ngoặc
1.They will arrive on time
1.He (call) you tomorrow
2.He will be able to meet us later

2.They (see) us in the morning
3.We shall eat in the same restaurant again
3.I (give) you that money today
4.The weather will be cool tonight
4.She (help) you with that book
5.I shall be back in an hour
5.Mary (clean) off the table soon.
3. chia động từ:
1. ____________________ (they / come) tomorrow?
2. When ____________________ (you / get) back?
3. If you lose your job, what ____________________ (you / do)?
4. In your opinion, ____________________ (she / be) a good teacher?
5. What time ____________________ (the sun / set) today?
6. ____________________ (she / get) the job, do you think?
7. ____________________ (David / be) at home this evening?
8. What ____________________ (the weather / be) like tomorrow?
9. There’s someone at the door, ____________________ (you / get) it?
10. How ____________________ (he / get) here?
Bài tập chia thì tổng hợp + gạch chân DHNB nếu có:
1, You (be) …………………… free next Sunday morning, Tan?
No, My brother and I (visit) …………………… our grandparents.
2, Trang (not be) …………………… in her room at the moment. She (cook) …………………… in the kitchen.
3, Would you like (have) …………………… breakfast with eggs, please?
4, Lien (not go) …………………… to the movie theater tomorrow. She (stay) ……………… at home and (watch) ……………… TV
5, You (like) …………………… your new school, Mai?
Yes, but I am unhappy because I (not have) …………………… many friends.


6, Let’s (meet) …………………… at 7 o’clock in front of the park.
7, I won’t go out now because it (rain) …………………… and I (not have) …………………… an umbrella.

8, You (write) …………………… to him tonight?
Yes, I always (write) …………………… to him on his birthday. You )want) …………………… to send any message?
9, If I (catch) …………………… some fish, you (cook) …………………… them for me?
10, What he usually (have) …………………… for breakfast?
He usually (eat) …………………… a carrot and drinks a glass of cold water.
1.Mr and Mrs.Binh ( want)________________a new house.
2.My sister ( have)___________________a red car.
3.She would ( like)______________some iced coffee.
4.She ( eat)__________________some fish at the moment.
5.My brother (listen)_________________to music in his free time
6.I ( be)_____________tired now. I ( want)_______________some water.
7.Nam ( go)________________to school every day. He ( go)_______________to school now.
8.Look! She ( play)________________soccer.
9.They ( have)__________________a big house.
10.He ( feel)_______________tired now.
11. Ha ( like)_______badminton. She . They (play)____it every Thursday afternoon. They ( play)_______badminton in the yard
now.
12. Which sports she ( play)___________?
- She ( play)_______________tennis. She ( play)______________________tennis at the moment.
13. Which sports your sister ( play)__________?- He ( play)________soccer. He ( play)_________now.
14. What Nam ( do)_________________in his free time?- He (jog)_______________.
15. Nam ( go)____________________to the movies every evening.
16. Nga (watch)_______________________TV every evening.
17. Lan( have)____________________noodles for breakfast.
18. He ( read)__________________in the living room every day. He ( read)______________ at the moment.
19. They ( not watch)____________________ TV now.
20.We always ( play)_____________sports in the afternoon.
21.David ( jog)_______________now.
22.Mr. Hung ( go)______________to the movies once a month.
23.Nam ( want)______________to travel to Vung Tau very much.

24.We ( go)____________________to visit Ha Long Bay next week.
25.Mai and Lan ( go)______________to the zoo once a month.
26.David ( like)_______________swimming in the summer.
27.Phuong ( stay)____________________with her aunt for a week this summer
28.It’s very far from here. Let’s ( go)________________by bus.
29.What about ( visit)_________________him this weekend?
30.What time …………………you ( go ) …………………..to school ?
31.Lan ( watch ) ……………………….TV three times a week.
32.Nam and Ba often ( go) ………………….. fishing on Sundays.
33.We ( not go ) ………………………to school on Sundays.
34.Lien ( not listen ) ………………….to music every night.
35.My brother likes jogging. He ( jog ) ……………every morning. At the moment he ( jog) …….…..in the park.
36.What is she doing ? She (cook ) …………………………….. lunch.
37.Where is he ?. He (be ) ……………in the yard. He (play ) …….............……….badminton.
38.Ba (not read ) ……………………. now, he ( do )……………………..his homework.
39.…………………..Lan and Hoa ( skip) ………………………. now ?
40.They ( do ) ………………………………… their homework tonight .
41.Nam ( visit ) …………………………….. Hue this summer vacation.
42.What are you going to do this summer vacation? I (visit ) ……………Ha Noi.
43.We (waste) ..................too much power at the moment.
44.He ( buy) ......................a new house next month?
45.The Nile river (be) ..........the longest river tn the world and it (flow) ..........to the Mediterranean Sea.


46.Mr. and Mrs. Thinh ( not grow) ............vegetables in their garden.
47.What about ( play) ...........basketball this afternoon?
48.Vietnam ( have) ..........a lot of mountains, and there (be) ...........many tall and big trees there.
49.We shouldn’t (throw) ............trash on the street.
50.My parents (visit) ............Ha Long Bay this summer vacation.
51. My father (watch ..........television in the living room. He often ( watch .............TV in the evening.

52. Don’t (talk) ..................in class too much.
53. You should ( collect) ..............waste paper.
54.They (drink) ............................... some juice at the moment.
55.She can (speak)..................................... English.
56.My mother (give)............................ me a new bike next week.
57.He (not go)................................ often to the movies on Sunday nights.
58.Where Mai (be) .................. now? She (play) ......................... in the garden.
59. My brother ( do ) ...................his homework in his room now . He ( do) ................. it every evening.
60. You can use my dictionary . I ( use ) ............... it every day but now I ( not / use ) .................... it.
V. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (Present Perfect)
1. Cách sử dụng:
-. Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. không có thời gian xác định.
John has traveled around the world (We don’t know when)
Have you passed your driving test?
- Hoặc đi với các từ: just, recently, already, yet,…
- Hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm hiện tại.
I have watched “Iron Man” several times.
- Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn ở hiện tại.
- Có các từ chỉ thời gian đi cùng như: since, for, ever, never, up to now, so far,…
Jonh has lived in that house for 10 years. (He still live there)
=John has lived in that house since 2005 (Hiện nay là 2015)
- Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the most boring book that I have ever read.
- Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second… times, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
This is the first time he has driven a car.
It’s the second times he has lost his passport.
2. Các từ đi với thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- never: chưa bao giờ
- ever: có bao giờ, đã từng
- just: vừa mới

- since + mốc thời gian (since 2000 / last summer )
- for + khoảng thời gian (for ages / two years)
- already: đã rồi
- how long: bao lâu
- before: trước đây
- recently, lately: gần đây
- yet: chưa(dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi)
- many times, several times: nhiều lần
- in the past (ten) years: trong (mười) năm qua
- in the last (years): những (năm) gần đây
- so far, up to now, up to the present: cho tới bây giờ
- this is the first time / the second time: đây là lần đầu / lần thứ hai

E.g:
- Have you seen any good films recently?
- Up to the present, he has written five children
books.
- Have you done your homework yet?
- He has never told a lie.
- I have ever been to Europe.
- We have already had our breakfast.

3. Cấu trúc:
Câu khẳng định
Câu phủ định
Câu nghi vấn

Cấu trúc
S + have/has+ V-ed/cột 3…
S + haven’t/ hasn’t+ V-ed/cột 3….

(Wh-)+ Have/ Has + S+ V-ed/cột 3…?

Ví dụ
I have watched this film three times.
She hasn’t gone to Hanoi yet.
Have you ever eaten this cake?


Cách dùng:
hành động xảy
ra ở một thời
điểm không xác
định trong quá
khứ.

Công thức:

Dấu hiệu

(+) S + have/has + V3/ed…

I, You, We, They + have
She, He, It
+ has

(-)S + have/has + not + V3/ed

Hđ lặp lại nhiều
lần cho đến hiện
tại.

hành động bắt
đầu diễn ra trong
quá khứ và vẫn
còn ở hiện tại

Just, already, up
to now, up to
the present, yet,
lately, recently,
ever, never

(?) (Wh) + have/has+ S +V3/ed…?

The first time, the
second time
many times,
several times…
For + Khoảng TG
Since + Mốc TG

hành diễn ra trong quá khứ và
có kết quả ở hiện tại

BÀI TẬP:
A..Chuyển sang dạng phủ định và nghi vấn:
1. I have watched “Iron Man” several times.
(-)…………………………………………………….
(?)……………………………………………………

B. Đặt câu hỏi cho phần gạch chân:

1.I have visited three countries up to now.
………………………………………………………………………

2. He has lived in that house for 20 years
(-)…………………………………………………….
(?)……………………………………………………

2.She has studied in London(1) since 2012 (2).
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

3. She has been to Paris.
(-)…………………………………………………….
(?)……………………………………………………

3. They have eaten in that restaurant (1) four times(2).
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

4. They stayed with my grandma since 2000.
(-)…………………………………………………….
(?)……………………………………………………

4. We have been here for 5 years.
………………………………………………………………………

5. Leah and Lisa have drunk that tea.
5. Mary(1) has met him recently(2).
(-)…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………

(?)……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
C. Chia động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
1.The Sound of Music (become) a timeless film
11. They (be) at the pet shop. …………………………
classic……………………………
12. We (do) the shopping for our grandmother. …………
2.Laura never (win) a beauty contest. …………………
13. You can have that newspaper. I (finish) with it.
3.I (listen) to the new Tom Waits CD yet. ………………
…………………………
4.(you see) any good films recently. …………………
14. There is no more cheese. I (eat) it all, I’m afraid.
5.The population of India (increase) since 1992. ……………
…………………………
6.You ever (write) a love letter for Valentine’ Day?
15. The bill isn’t right. They (make) a mistake. …………
…………………………
16. Don’t you want to see this programme? It (start).
7.You ever (meet) a famous person. …………………
…………………………
8.We already (see) the film at home. …………………
17. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn) the heating on.
9.Karen (send) me an email. …………………………
…………………………
10. My friend (give) up smoking for 2 months. …………
18. They (pay) money for your mother? ……………


19. Someone (take) my bicycle. …………………………

20. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish) my dinner.
…………………………
21. You ever (eat) Sushi? …………………………
22. She (not/come) here for a long time. ………………
23. I (work) here for three years. …………………………
24. You ever (be) to New York? …………………………
25. You (not/do) your project yet, I suppose.
…………………………
26. I just (see) Andrew and he says he already (do) about half
of the plan. …………………………
27. I just (decide) to start working next week.
………………………..
28. He (be) at his computer for seven hours. ……………
29. She (not/have) any fun a long time. ……………
30. My father (not/ play) any sport since last year.
…………………………
31. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have) one since Thursday.
…………………………
32. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see) each
other for five years. …………………………
33. I just (realize) that there are only four weeks to the end of
term. …………………………
34. The train drivers (go) on strike and they stopped working
at twelve o’clock. …………………………
35. How long (you/know) each other? …………………
36. (You/ take) many photographs ? ……………………
37. (She/ eat) at the Royal Hotel yet ? ……………………
38. He (live) here all his life. …………………………
39. She (visit) Hanoi several times this year. ……………
40. He (lose) all his fortune in gambling. ………………

41. It’s the most difficult exam I ever (take). ……………
42. This is the first time I (be) Ha Long Bay. ……………

43. Is this the second time he (lose) his job? ……………
44. How many bottles the milkman (leave) ? He (leave) six.
…………………………
45. I (buy) a new carpet. Come and look at it. …………
46. She (write) three poems about her fatherland.
…………………………
47. We (finish) three English courses. ………………
48. The foreign visitors (take) a lot of photographs of Hanoi
city. …………………………
49. (you/have) a rely to your letter ? …………………
50. I (not/meet) her again since her last birthday.
…………………………
51. He drives very carefully; he never (have) any accidents.
…………………………
52. I (have) a cold for two weeks. …………………………
53. You (grow) since the last time I saw you. ……………
54. My car (broke) down three times this week. …………
55. He (fail) the final exam. …………………………
56. We (listen) to that song many times. ………………
57. James just (finish) his homework. …………………
58. Marry left school in 2005 and up to now she (be) still
jobless. …………………………
59. I (spend) eighty dollars on making my hair today.
…………………………
60. We (get) plenty of wine. You shouldn’t buy them. …
61. The house is dirty. I (not/clean) it for weeks. ………
62. I’ll do the shopping when I (finish) cleaning the flat.

…………………………
63. I (live) here since 2001, so she (know) me for more than
seven years. …………………………
64. It (be) quite cold lately in New York. ………………
65. We (taste) this meal before we come to China.
……………………..

Bài tập chia thì tổng hợp

1. Mary and John (be) _________ neighbors. They (know) _________ each other for a long time. Mary (move) _________ into her
house in 1990, and John (live) _________ next door since he (come) _________ to the area in 1988.
2. Today (be) _________ Sunday. Nga (not go) _________ to school. She (stay) _________ at home. She (do) _________ her
homework now. She (do) _________ it for two hours.
3. I (be) _________ in New York. I (come) _________ here two years ago. My friend, Nancy (live) _________ here since 1982. So
she (know) _________ the area very well
4. Trung usually (go) _________ to the library three times a week.
5. Yesterday I (be) _________ busy, so I (not have) _________ time to phone you.
6. Mrs. Trang (not go) _________ to work last week. She (not be) _________ feeling well.
7. I (do ) __________________________________ all the housework. The flat is really clean now.
8. How long you (live) __________________________________ here? – Since 1997.
9. Mr. Quang (teach) ______________ in this school since he (graduate) _______________________ from the university in 1989.
10. My brother (leave) _________ home 10 years ago. I (never meet) ____________________ him since then.
11. Where you (spend) ________________________________ your summer holiday last year, Tam?
12. When we (be) _________ young, our family (live) _________ in the countryside.
13. I (read) _________ an interesting book at the moment.
14. How long you (know) _________ Mrs. Chi? – I (know) _________ her for five years.
15. We (not see) _________ her since we (be) _________ on holiday in Ha Long bay.
16. Phuong (finish) _________ her homework tonight.
17. It’s three years since I last (see) _________ Nam.
18. You (be) _________ away? – Yes. I (go) _________ to the country last Sunday.

19. I (not eat) _________ anything for two days.
20. They (move) _________ to Ho Chi Minh City in 1990 and (live) _________ there since then.


Reported speech: (Lời nói gián tiếp)
1/- Câu mệnh lệnh (commands):
S + told/ asked + O + (not) + to V
Eg: He said: “sit down, please” =>He told us to sit down.
“Don’t make noise!” =>The teacher told us not to make noise.
2/- Câu yêu cầu lịch sự (Polite requests)
S + told/asked + O + to infinitive
Eg: “Can you open the door, please?” => He asked me to open the door.
3/- Lời khuyên (advice)
S + advised + (O) + (not) + to V
Eg:
“You should turn off the lights, Mary” Jane said => Jane advised Mary to turn off the lights
“You shouldn’t smoke here” Hoa said to me
=> Hoa advised me not to smoke here.
S + told + O/ said (that) + S + should / shouldn’t + Vo
a) My mother said to me, ”You should go to bed early”.
=> My mother said that I should go to bed early.
b) The police said to him , “ You shouldn’t ride your bike too fast”
=> The police said that he shouldn’t ride his bike too fast.
Ex: Put these sentences into reported speech:
1. He said to me, “Keep silent, please” …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The teacher told the students, “Please study harder”……………………………………………………………………
3. “Please wait for me outside my room”, she said to me.……………………………………………………………
4. She said to me, “Bring me a cup of tea” ……………………………………………………..…………
5. She said to her students, “Don’t talk in class.”…………………………………………………….………………………
6. She said: “Do your homework, please.” ………………………………………………….………………………

7. “Please help me do my homework, Hoa.” he said………………………………………………….……………………
8. “Can you lend me your bike”, John said to Mary. ………………………………………………….………………………
9. My brother said to me: “You should try to study English hard.” ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….………
10. Tom said to me: “please read this book.” ………….……………………………………… ………………..
11. He said to me: “You ought to contact the police.” ………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………………………….……………………
12. My teacher told me: “You ought not to cheat in exams.”…………………………………………… ……
………………………………………………….……………
13. He said: “You should wise up.” ………………………………………………….………………………
………………………………………………….……………
14. “Could you open these windows, please?”, said my brother to her. ………………………………………………….……
15. “You should get up early.”, said Mary to David. ………………………………………………….………
……….……………………………………………
16. My mother said to me: “Go to the market and buy some fish for me.” ……………………………………………
17. The teacher told Hoa: “Do this excersise, please.” ………………………………………………….………………
18. Dave’s mom said to him: “Try these pants, please.” ………………………………………………….…………
19. He told me: “Wait here, please.” ………………………………………………….………………
20. “You should visit Ha Noi next month.”, He said to me………………………………………………….…………
21. “Come back here tomorrow, please.”, They told him………………………………………………….…………
22. “Show me your report by tomorrow, please.”, My boss told me………………………………………………….………
23. “You should save your money.” Leo’s mom said to him………………………………………………….……
24. “You shouldn’t ride so fast like yesterday.”, The policeman told him……………………………………………
………………………………………………….………
25. “Pay me 2 million by next month, please”, he said to Will………….………………………………………………
4) Statement (Câu)
Ex: They said “we will go to HCM city next week”


=>They said (that) they would go to HCM city the week after.

*Form:

said
TT: S + said to O + “S + V + O”

GT: S + told O
Said (to O)(that) + S + V lùi thì + O (biến đổi)
5) Question (Câu hỏi)
•
Wh _ question
Ex: “What did you do last night, Tom”. I asked => I asked Tom what he had done the night before.
*Form 1
asked O
TT: S + wanted to know + “Wh – question”
GT:

asked O
S + wanted to know + Wh + S + V lùi thì + O (biến đổi)
•
Yes/No _question
Ex: “Are you tired?” He asked me => He asked If/whether I was tired
*Form 2
asked O
TT : S + wanted to know + “Yes/No – question”
GT:

asked O
S + wanted to know + If/whether + S +V lùi thì +O(biến đổi)
6. Câu cảm thán
Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress! =>

She exclaimed that the dress was lovely.
She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely once.
She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.
2. Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp:
2.1 Đổi thì của câu:
He does
He is doing
He has done
He has been doing
He did
He was doing
He had done
He will do
2. Thay đổi Đại từ

He did
He was doing
He has done
He had been doing
He had done
He had been doing
He had done
He would do

ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP
Chủ ngữ

Tân ngữ

I

he, she

we

He will be doing
He will have done
He may do
He may be doing
He can do
He can have done
He must do/have to do

He would be doing
He would have done
He might do
He might be doing
He could do
He could have done
He had to do

ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP
my

his, her

they

our

their

you

they

your

their

me

him, her

mine

his, her

ours

theirs

yours

theirs

us

them

you

them

3. Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:

Đại từ

Phẩm định

Định danh
sở hữu


Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Tomorrow

The next day / the following day

This

That

The day after tomorrow

In two days’ time / two days after

That

That

Yesterday

The day before / the previous day

These

Those

The day before yesterday

Two day before

Here

There

Next week

The following week

Now

Then

Last week

The previous week / the week before

Today

That day

Last year

The previous year / the year before

Ago

Before

* Chuyển các câu sau từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.
1. “ I went to see him yesterday”, she said.
She said……………………………….........................................................................………
2. “ I don’t want to meet him again”, she said
She said………………..……....................................................................…………………….
3. “ Can you swim?”, he asked me.
He asked me……………………..................................................................………………….
4. He explained, “ I didn’t break the vase”.
He expained…………………....................................................................…………………….
5. My mother said, “ I am cooking now”.
My mother said…………….......................................................…………………...…………...
6. “ What time does John get up?”, he asked me.

He wanted to know………….........................................................……………………………..
7. “ I like this book”, he said
He said………………….........................................................…………………………………..
8. “How beautiful she is!”.
He exclaimed................................................................………………………………………...
9. “Have you ever seen that film?”, he asked me
He asked me……………………………................................................................…………….
10. “ I went to Do Son last week”, she said
She said………………………….......................................
11. “I never eat meat”, he explained
He explained ……………….……........................................................………………………
12. “ I’ll never get married,” Tom says
Tom says……………………........................................................…………………………….
13. “If I were you, I would kept silent”, he said
He said…………………................................................................……………………………
14. “ The children had better go to bed early”, said Tom
Tom said…………….....................................................................…………………………….
15. “You had better keep silent”, she said
She advised me……........................................................………………………………………
16. “I wish I knew the answer”, he said
He said…………….........................................................………………………………………
17. “ Please don’t tell anybody what happen”
She asked me…………........................................................…………………………………...
18. She said, “I am taller than my husband”
She said ……………….........................................................…………………………………
19. “ I shouldn’t do like that if I were you. Isn’t it very dangerous?, she said
She said…...................................................................................................................................
20. “ Please give me some money. I haven’t eat anything since morning”, he asked.
He asked……………………............................................…………………………………..

21. “ Hurry up, Lan!”.
He told Lan.................................................................…………………………………………
22 .“ I feel like going to America soon”.
The woman looked forward to ………………….................................………………………
23. “ It’s really nice of you to help me”, Peter said to Jack.
Peter thanked………….for ……………............................................…………………….
24. “ Don’t play games on computer all day”, Tom’s mother said to him.
Tom’s mother warned ……..against ..................................................………………………..
25. “ I hear you passed your driving test. Congratulation!”, Peter said to me.
Peter congratulated ………. on ………................................................……………………
26. “ I’m sorry. I didn’t do my homework,” John said to his English teacher.
John apologized …………...for …………..............................................…………………
27. “ I always want to become an English teacher,” Mary said.
Mary dreamed of …………………………................................................……………….
28. He said , ‘ This house was built in 1980”.
He said .......................................................................................................................................
29. “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?”.
She wondered ............................................................................................................................
30. “ Please don’t smoke in my car”
He asked his friend.....................................................................................................................
Use to: đã từng, đã thường.
a. Form (Hình thức): (+) S + used to + V(bare-inf)
(-) S + didn’t + used to + V(bare-inf)
(?) Did + S + used to + V(bare-inf) ?
b. Usage (cách dùng): Diễn tả hành động, sự việc thường xảy ra ở quá khứ, bây giờ không còn nữa.
c. Example
- Last year, I used to go swimming .
Năm ngoái ,tôi thường đi bơi .
- My father used to drink beer,but now he doesn’t. Cha tôi thường uống bia, nhưng bây giờ thì không.

- I didn’t use to get up early a year ago .
Cách đây 1 năm tôi đã không thường thức dậy sớm
be/get used to + V-ing: trở nên quen với
Usage : Diễn tả thói quen ở hiện tại
Example:
a.I’m used to eating out.
b. I get used to playing football.
Chia từ trong ngoặc theo cấu trúc used to + Vo, be/get used to + V-ing
1. I was used to_____(eat) at noon when I started school.
2. He used to_____(eat) dinner at five o'clock.
3. When I was young, I used to___(swim) everyday.
4. He used to_____(like) her, but he doesn't anymore.
5. Don't worry, some day you will get used to_____(speak) English.
6. Lan can't get used to____(study)
7. He used to___(dance) every night, but now he studies.
8. Adam is used to____(sleep) late on the weekends.
9. Chieks is used to____(eat) American food now.
10. She finally got used to___(eat) our food.
11. When I was a child, I used _________ (dream) of being an astronaut.
12. I'm terribly nervous. I'm not used ___________ (speak) to a large audience.
13. It took us ages to get used _________ (live) in an apartment house.
14. Lots of trains used ___________ (stop) here, but not many do now.
15. Didn't Nick use _________ (work) on a building site?
16. I'll have an orange juice, please. I'm not used ___________ (drink) alcohol.
17. David doesn't seem to mind being in hospital. I suppose he's got used _________ (be) there.
18. When Laura was at college, she used ____________ (have) a picture of Elvis Presley on her bedroom wall.
19. There used __________ (be) a cinema here but it was knocked down a few years ago.


20. When she arrived in Britain, she wasn't used __________ (drive) on the left, but she soon got used to it.

Câu cảm thán
What (+ a/ an) + adjective + noun (+ subject + verb)!
Ex: What a boring party!
 Không dùng mạo từ a/ an với danh từ không đếm được
hoặc danh từ số nhiều.
– Câu cảm thán là câu diễn tả một cảm giác (feeling) hay một
xúc động (emotion). Hình thức cảm thán thường được cấu tạo
với “what, how”
– Cấu trúc của câu cảm thán dùng “what”
What + a/an + adj + noun
What a lazy student!
What an interesting book!
Khi danh từ ở số nhiều, không dùng “a/an”:
What beautiful flowers!
What tight shoes!
Đối với danh từ không đếm được: what + adj + danh từ
I. Dùng What đặt thành câu cảm cho những câu sau:
e.g It is a thick book. ==> What a thick book!
1. It is a big house. ==>……………………………….
2. They are beautiful flowers. ==> ……………………………
3. She is a kind girl. ==> ……………………………….
4. That is a nice surprise. ==> ……………………………….
5. These are expensive rings. ==> …………………………….
6. He is a fat man. ==> ……………………………….
7. It is a pity. ==> ……………………………….
8. They are dirty chairs. ==> ……………………………….
II. Dùng How đặt thành câu cảm cho những câu sau:
e.g It is very nice. ==> How nice it is!
1. He is very strong. ==> ……………………………….

2. They are tall. ==> ……………………………….
3. Is is expensive. ==> ……………………………….
4. They are too dangerous. ==> ……………………………….
5. She is very young. ==> ……………………………….
6. You are rich. ==> ……………………………….
7. I am happy. ==> ……………………………….
8. We are tired. ==>……………………………….

What lovely flowers!
What beautiful weather!
Chú ý: Cấu trúc câu cảm thán với what… có thể có subject +
verb ở cuối câu.
What delicious food they served! (họ phục vụ thức ăn ngon
quá)
What a lovely house they have! (bạn có căn nhà xinh quá)
– Cấu trúc câu cảm thán dùng “how”:
How + adj + S + V!
How cold it is!
How interesting that film is!
How well she sings!
Bài tập


Trạng từ chỉ mức độ “ENOUGH” (adv): đủ để
a) The house is big enough for us to live in.
(Ngôi nhà lớn đủ để chúng tôi ở)
b) She is beautiful enough to become Miss World.
(Cô ấy đẹp đủ để trở thành hoa hậu thế giới)
S + be + adj + enough + (for + O) + to- inf.
Trạng từ chỉ mức độ “TOO” (adv): quá (too…to-inf: Quá….không thể)

a) He is too young to ride a motorbike.
b) The weather was too cold for us to go out.
S + be + TOO + adj + (for + O) + to-infinitive
Quá ………không thể
- Cấu trúc enough và too:
+ nếu 2 chủ từ khác nhau thì dùng for + O
+ không sử dụng các đại từ it, her, him, them để chỉ danh từ phía trước
The house is very expensive. We can’t buy it.=> The house is too expensive for us to buy.
She is young. She can’t go to school. => She is too young to go to school
Exercise
1. My brother isn’t old enough to ride a motorbike.→ My brother is too young to ride a motobike.
2. Nga is very strong. She can lift this table .( dùng "enough")→ Nga is strong ........................................................................
3. I wasn’t tall enough to reach the book. → I ………………………………………………
4. Hang said to me : “Turn off the TV, please.” → Hang told me .....................................................................
5. He didn’t speak slowly enough for me to understand. → He ………………………………………………………
6. Her son doesn’t study hard enough to pass the exam. → Her ……………………………………………………
7. Na is very tired. She cannot play volleyball. (dùng "too”)→ Na is too ...................................................................................
8. William is too fat to wear the jeans.→ William is ……………………………………………………………..……
9. David was too sick to go to work.→ David………………………………………………………………………
11. She is too weak to get up.→ She …………………………………………………………………………
12. My teacher said to me: “You should go to school on time" → My teacher said ..................................................................
11.Vy usually had a lot of friends. → Vy used ………………………………….…………
12. The water in this river was cold, so we can’t swim in it.→The water in this river isn’t…………..………………………
13.My sister is four years old , so she can’t go to school alone.→ My sister isn’t ……………………………………………
14.She can’t work hard because she is very old. → She isn’t ……………………………………………………………
15.We couldn’t go out at night because the weather was very cold.→ The weather wasn’t ………………………… ………
16. My sister can’t get married because she is young. ………………………………………………………………/
…………………………………………………………………
17. I didn’t buy a new computer because I didn’t have money. ……………………………………………………………
18. He is very short, so he can’t play basketball.

-He is…………………………………………………………/……………………………………………………………
19. The house is very expensive. We can’t buy it.
- The house ……………………………………………………/……………………………………………………………


CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE I: Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
Simple Present
If + S + V/Vs/Ves
If + S + don’t / doesn’t + Vnguyên thể

MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Future
S + will + (not) + Vnguyên thể
Will + S + Vnguyên thể…?

1. Hoàn thành câu với hình thức đúng của thì hiện tại đơn.
1. Nina (walk)……………………….to school every day.
2. I ( not listen)…………… ……to music every night.
3. …………………they (love)………….English?
4. He (study)…………..Information Technology every night.
5. …………………he (carry)……………………..a big TV?
6. You (ride)……………………a bike every day.
7. They (sweep)………………………….the floor.
8. I (use)………………………… this pen to draw.
9. I usually (not go) ………………… to school.
10. They (not visit) …………………us often.
21.
You (play) …………………basketball once a week.
22.

………Tom (work) ………………… every day?
23.
He always (tell) …………………us funny stories.
24.
She never (help) …………………me with that!
25.
……Martha and Kevin (swim) ……… twice a week?
26.
In this club people usually (dance) ………… a lot.
27.
Linda (take care) …………………of her sister.
28.
John rarely (leave) …………………the country.
29.
We (not live) ………………… in the city most of the year.
30.
………Lorie (travel) ………. to Paris every Sunday?
31.
I (not bake) ………………… cookies twice a month.
32.
You always (teach) ………………… me new things.
2.
Conditional Sentence Type I :
1/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.
2/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.
3/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.
4/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.
5/ If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
7/ You (not pass) ________ your driving test unless you drive more carefully.
8/ He’ll be ill if he (not stop) ________ worrying so much.

10/ Jane never( get) ________there on time if the train leaves soon.
11. I'll be very angry if he (make)……………………….. any more mistakes.
12. If he (wash)…………………….. my car I'll give him Ј10.
13. If he (not eat)…………………… all that he will be ill.
3. Rewrite the following sentences, using Conditional Sentences Type I :
1/ My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle=> If ___________________
2/ I’ll buy a new hat. I’ll give it to you.=> If _______________________________________________
3/ You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you. => If _____________________________
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE II: Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If)
Simple Past
If + S + Ved/V2
If + S + didn’t + Vnguyên thể

MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
S + would + (not) + Vnguyên thể
Would + S + Vnguyên thể…?


Lưu ý:
+ Ở mệnh đề IF, nếu động từ là TO BE thì ta dùng WERE cho tất cả các chủ ngữ.
+ WOULD = sẽ (dạng quá khứ của WILL)
+ COULD = có thể (dạng quá khứ của CAN)
Ví dụ:
+ IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD GET A DIVORCE. = Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ nộp đơn ly dị.
+ IF DOGS HAD WINGS, THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO FLY. = Nếu chó có cánh, chúng sẽ biết bay.
1. Hoàn thành câu với hình thức đúng của thì quá khứ đơn.
1. I _____ at home all weekend. ( stay)
2. Angela ______ to the cinema last night. (go)
3. My friends ______ a great time in Nha Trang last year. (have)

4. My vacation in Hue ______ wonderful. (be)
5. Last summer I _____ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi. (visit)
6. My parents ____ very tired after the trip. ( be)
7. I _______ a lot of gifts for my little sister. (buy)
8. Lan and Mai _______ sharks at an aquarium.(see)
9. Trung _____ chicken and rice for dinner. (eat)
10. They ____ about their holiday in Hoi An. (talk)
11. Phuong _____ to Hanoi yesterday. (not return)
12. We _____ the food was delicious.(not think)
13. Yesterday, I (not go)______ to the restaurant with a client.
14. The waitress (not ask) ______ us if we_____ (have) reservations.
15. He ( not tell)______ us to come back in two hours.
16. we (not see) ______ a small grocery store then.
17. We (not buy) ______ some sandwiches.
18. I (not go) ______ to school last Sunday.
19. She ___________ (not / study) French at university.
20. He __________ (not / think) that he was right.
21.Where _________ (you / live) when you were young?
22. ____________ (He /travel) through the Middle East last year?
23. ___________ (they / visit) the Louvre in Paris?
24 ___________ (She / watch) TV yesterday?
25 ____________ (you / buy) a new car last weekend.
26Where ________ (you / teach) before you came here?
27. _________ (Lucy / read) ‘War and Peace’ at school?
28. __________ (She/ write) to her grandmother?
29. ____________ (You / have ) a computer when you were a child?
2. Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type II) by putting the verbs into the correct form.
1.
If we (have) ………………. a yacht, we (sail) ………………………the seven seas.
2.

If he (have) ………………. more time, he (learn) ……………………….karate.
3.
If they (tell) ………………. their father, he (be) ………………………..very angry.
4.
She (spend) ………………. a year in the USA if it (be) ……………………….easier to get a green card.
5.
If I (live) ………………. on a lonely island, I (run) ………………………. around naked all day.
6.
We (help) ………………. you if we (know) ………………………..how.
7.
My brother (buy) ………………. a sports car if he (have) ………………………………. the money.
8.
If I (feel) ………………. better, I (go) ……………………………….to the cinema with you.
9.
If you (go) ………………. by bike more often, you (be / not) ………………………. so flabby.
10.
She (not / talk) ……………………. to you if she (be) ……………………… mad at you
11.
If you.. ................( help) your grandma, I..................( do) the shopping.
12.
Andrew............( water) the flowers if he.................( stay) at home.
13.
If she.......................( have) 5 pounds more, she..................( buy) herself this T-shirt.
14.
If they... ...............( offer) me the job, I..................( take) it.
15.
You.................(have) summer holidays from June till August if you..................( live) in the USA.


16.

17.
18.
19.
20.

We.................(sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron.................( repair) it.
If you................( use) a pencil, the drawing..................( be) perfect.
The children.................( be) happy if he..................( teach) them English.
If Irene.................(visit) us, we................( go) out tonight.
They.................(come) again if he.................(plan) a second stay