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Classical Yoga
Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, and the 8Limb Path of Yoga


Review Pre-Classical Yoga


In Yoga Philosophy

Classical Divisions


Classical Divisions of Yoga
Raja Yoga—
Royal Yoga; or “The Resplendent Yoga of Spiritual Kings”

Jnana Yoga—
Yoga of Wisdom; or Cultivation of Discrimination

Karma Yoga—
Yoga of Action; Freedom from Action

Bhakti Yoga—
Yoga of Devotion; or The Self-Transcending Power of Love


Jnana Yoga
Jnana Yoga—Yoga of Wisdom; or Cultivation of
Discrimination

Jnana Yoga is the path of knowledge,…

wisdom, introspection and contemplation
Jnana involves deep exploration of the nature our
being by systematically exploring and setting aside false
identities.


Karma Yoga
• Karma Yoga—
– Yoga of Action
– Freedom from Action

• Karma Yoga is the path of service,..
– mindfulness, and remembering the levels of our
being while fulfilling our actions or karma in the
world.


Bhakti Yoga
• Bhakti Yoga—
– Yoga of Devotion; or
– The Self-Transcending Power of Love

• Bhakti Yoga is the path of love…
– devotion, emotion, compassion, and service to
God and others.
– All actions are done in the context of
remembering the Divine.


Raja Yoga

• Raja Yoga
– Royal Yoga; or “The Resplendent Yoga of Spiritual
Kings”
– A comprehensive method that emphasizing
meditation, while
– Encompasses the whole of Yoga
– It directly deals with the encountering and
transcending thoughts of the mind.


6 Schools of Indian Philosophy
Yoga—Practical methods for direct experience
Sankhya—Framework of Manifestation
Vedanta—Contemplative Self-inquiry
Vaisheshika—Physical Sciences
Nyaya—Reasoning
Mimasa—Freedom through action
*Yoga as a philosophy relies heavily on the Sankhya and Vedanta
for a philosophical framework.


Yoga— Practical methods of direct
experience
Yoga systematically deals with all of the levels of one's being as they
strive to experience the eternal center of consciousness.
Satcitananda: Sat (beingness) Cit (consciousness) Ananda (bliss)

In the Yoga Sutras, and seems to be codified, systematized, or scientific
study of inner states.
The goal is to so as to experientially go beyond all of them to the center

of consciousness.


Sankhya – Framework of Manifestation
Sankhya philosophy offers a framework for all the levels of manifestation, from the
subtlest to the grossest, creating a complete understanding of the whole of Reality.

Sankhya deals with
prakriti (matter),
purusha (consciousness),
buddhi or mahat (intelligence),
ahamkara (I-am-ness),
three gunas (elements of stability, activity, and lightness)
mind (manas),
cognitive and active senses (indriyas),
and the five subtle and gross elements (earth, water, fire, air, and space).


Vedanta
• *Vedanta—Contemplative Self-inquiry
– Vedanta philosophy and practice provides contemplative methods of selfinquiry leading to the realization of one's true nature that which is not subject
to death, decay, or decomposition.

• The essential precept
– Prakriti (matter), as a grosser element is subject to change, and therefore,
neither a basis for reality nor eternal.
– Purusha (consciousness), on the other hand, being the subtler element, is
unchanging, and therefore, the foundation of Reality.
• *The teachings of Vedanta are best captured in the books of the Upanishads.

Remaining schools
Vaisheshika—Physical Sciences
The Vaisheshika system emphasizes the physical sciences such as chemistry, exploring the
elements of earth, water, fire, air and space, as well as time, mind and soul.

Nyaya—Reasoning
The Nyaya system deals with logic, the process of reasoning. Doubt is considered a
prerequisite for philosophical inquiry. Other systems of Indian philosophy draw on this
process.

Mimasa—Freedom through action
The Mimasa system pursues freedom through action. It has a detailed philosophy related
to ritual, worship and ethical conduct, which developed into the philosophy of karma.


In Yoga Philosophy

Process of yoga


Nesting of Patterns
• A nesting pattern becomes apparent as one begins to study yoga.
There is no doubt that the lessons learned on the mat can translate
to off the mat. On the other hand, is what happens on the mat a
metaphor for what happens off the mat? Or, is what happens on the
mat merely a reflection of another greater but veiled reality?
• This is one of the greatest discussions to come out of the yoga
tradition. Is there merely a singular basis for what is real where body
and conciousness are parts of a singularity, one another, or is the

difference between the two



GROSS
Anatomy

OM
Inhale

KOSHA
Annamaya
Kosha:
Food-apparentsheath

A
“Ah”

U
“Uh?”

Pranamaya
Kosha:
Air-apparentsheath

Integration

CHAKRA
ANATOMY AND POSTURES
Muladhara: Root Chakra “Primal Rooted Postures:

Instinct”
Feet, Legs, Spine (base), large
Male - Earth - Red
intestine

8-LIMB
Yama / Niyama:
Foundation

Swadhisthana: Sacral Chakra “
Creativity or one’s own place
Female - Water - Yellow

Hips, Sacrum, Genitals, lower
back, genitals, womb, bladder,
and kidney

Asana: Dynamic
extension from and
toward the core

Manipura: Solar Plexus Chakra
“Personal Power”
“Get up and go”
Fire - Male

Navel, Solar Plexus, digestive
system
Tapas: Sun Salutation, Core
Strength, Boat Pose, Warrior

poses, twists, passive backbends

Pranayama:
Breath restriction;
Organization and
movement of Prana

Anahata: Heart Chakra
“un-struck” or “unhurt”
Air (female)

Heart, upper chest, and upper
back: passive chest openers,
shoulder stretches, backbends
love and appreciate as we
practice

Pratyahara: Sense
Withdrawal

O
“Oh”

Manomaya
Kosha: mindstuff-apparentsheath

Vishuddha: Throat Chakra
“Expression”
(male)

Neck, throat, jaw, and mouth,
expression actions: Camel, bow,
shoulder-stand, bridge, plow

Dharana:
Concentration

M
“M”

Vijnanamaya
kosha: wisdomapparent-sheath

Ajna:
3rd Eye Chakra “Insight”
(female)

Forward folds, postures placing
pressure on forehead. Creative,
focused, affirmative energy

Dhyana: Meditation


The Journey Inward
Movement Inward: Awareness is the result
our interaction with and experience of the
outer world. This awareness can be
processed at the different levels of being.
The deeper the movement inward the

deeper the awareness.
These sensations then become something
that is either directly experienced or reacted
against by the mental body. Our emotions
get in the way of our directly experiencing
of material reality


A “sheath” is a covering or skin that covers. Peel these away to
reveal the “true self”.



Kosha Attributes



Theory and practice of Samkhya Yoga

Samkhya