Pronunciation 1 Vowel

Rules of Pronunciation 1
VOWEL
1. /i:/
-ea. Ex: east, beam, seat, heat….Exception: break, breakfast, great, measure, treasure, heavy
-ee. Ex: see, free, agree, matinee…Exception: been
-e + consonant + e. Ex: cede, scene, supervene
-e. Ex: be, she, we, secret, Egypt, evil…..
-c/s + ei + consonant. Ex: seize, ceiling, receipt, deceive…..
-ese (quốc tịch). Ex: Vietnamses, Chinese….
-ie. Ex: grief, believe, relief, grievous….Exception: friend, science

2. /i/
Noun (2syllables) ending with “age”. Ex: village, luggage, damage, message…
-ear /iə/. Ex: hear, clear, tear… Exception: to tear, learn….
-eer /iə/. Ex: beer, deer, engineer….
-ier /iə/ hoặc ier + consonant. Ex: bier, pier…
-ere/iə/. Ex: here, coherent, we’re, sincere…Exception: were, where, there…
- 1syllable + i + consonant. Ex: bit, sit, dim, grin, him, twin….
-e trong tiếp đầu ngữ: be, de, re, ex, e, ej, em, en, pre. Ex: begin, become, decide, renew,
return, predict, report, enslave, defrost, remind…..
- Vài vĩ ngữ: -ate, -y, -ly, -ey, -ive, -et, -let. Ex: market, donkey, friendly, climate, temperate…
- England, give, pyramid, minute, busy, women, busy, business, to live….

3. /a:/ & /æ/
3.1 /a:/
-ar. Ex: sharp, far, cart, lark, smart…Exception: scarce, quart, sparrow
- half, father, calm, clerk, heart…

3.2 /æ/
-a + consonant (1 syllable). Ex: rank, cat, thanks, tan, map, chasm, fan…
- have, laugh, aunt…

4. /ʌ/
-o (stressed syllable). Ex: come, other, among, mother, company…
-o + consonant + e (sometime). Ex: dove, glove
-ou- (most). Ex: young, flourish, couple, tough, touch…
-u- + consonant (cuối từ: ug, uck, ust, lung; đầu từ: un, um). Ex: but, cup, dust, skull, sun,
run, gun, cult, uneasy, umbrella, must, duck….. (dễ nhầm với /u/)

5. /e/
-e + consonant (except “r”) (1syllable or stressed syllable). Ex: bed, get, send, met, tender,
eleven, extend….
-ead. Ex: bread, head, dead, lead (n)… Exception: to lead
- Sometimes, ending with eath, ealth, eat. Ex: breath, wealth, feather, threat….Exception:
beneath….
-air, are /eə/. Ex: chair, air, hair, care, hare...
-any, breasts, to bury, leisure, deaf, pleasant, heifer, pear, malaria, weapon…

6. /ɔ:/
- all: tận cùng + 1syllable. Ex: call, ball, wall, stall, squall….Exception: shall, allied, altitude,
alcohol…


- au. Ex: fault, launch, audience, maunder, naughty, laundry…. Exception: laugh, aunt…
- aw. Ex: law, awful, dawn, crawl, tawny….
- wa. Ex: wall, water, forewarn….Exception: waste
- or/os. Ex: born, thorn, adorn, mordant, portrait, lost, cost, cross…Exception: ghost.….
- oar/ore. Ex: store, board, roar, hoarse….
- ough/ our. Ex: sour, mourn, bought, thought, fought… Exception: our, flour, hour, floury.
- door, floor,

7. /ɔ/
- o: 1syllable/ stressed syllable + 1 consonant. (phần lớn). Ex: dot, logic, nod, sob, often,
document, Exception: dona
- ock. Ex: clock, lock…
- ong. Ex: long, strong, wrong. Exception: among.
- don’t, gone

8. /u/
- ould. Ex: should, could, would,
- u + consonants. Ex: full, bull, push, bullet… (dễ nhầm với /^/)
- woman, wolf.
- oo + consonant.

9. /u:/
- ew: tận cùng. Ex: drew, flew, brew…
- ui. Ex: bruise, juice, recruit, ruin,….Exception: mosquito.
- ue hoặc u + consonant + e. Ex: dune, clue, glue, ruler…
- o hoặc o + consonant. (một vài)Ex: do, who, whom, whose, tomb…
- oo hoặc -oo + consonant.
/u/ foot
cook, book, look,
good, wood, stood, Wool, whoosh
hook, took
hood
/u:/ soot, boot, No
food, goose, mood booth, cool, coop, soon,
root
booby, Google, doom
/^/
blood, flood

No
loo, bamboo

10. /ə:/
- er (stressed syllable), ir, ur. Ex: stir, girl, serve, error, burglar..
- w + or + consonant. Ex: world, worm….
- ear + consonant. Ex: learn, heard, pearl… (see /i/)

11. /ə/
- e, a, o (unstressed syllable in a word with many syllables). Ex: national, capacity, chicken,
open, sentence, bosom, control, compare….
- ar, er, or, ure (unstressed syllable….). Ex: awkward, writer, doctor, literature…Exception:
“ar” sau “w” (war, ward…)
- ion, ian. /n/. Ex: nation, Canadian
- woman, American,