các hệ mật mã và phân bố, quản lý khóa

/ệL1RLDX
7KHJLệLFXíDFKXQJWDOXRQVRLVXẹFWURQJPXRQYDQELHQểRặQJểỉệẹFWDẹRUDEệíLFRQ
QJỉệL9DWURQJWKHN\íQD\PD\WẽQKODPRặWWURQJQKỉìQJVDíQSKDầPYếểDẹLQKDW&XQJ
YệLWKệLJLDQQJỉệLWDNKRQJPXRQVỉíGXẹQJPRặWPD\WẽQKểệQOHíQỉìDPDVHìNHWQRLFDF
PD\QD\ODẹLWKDQKPRặWPDẹQJPD\WẽQKQKDấPWDèQJNKDíQDèQJODPYLHặFKLHầXELHWWUDRểRầL
FDặSQKDặWFDFWKRQJWLQg0DẹQJ,QWHUQHWOD[XKỉệQJSKDWWULHầQFXíDWKHJLệLQJD\QD\+LHặQ
QD\,QWHUQHWểDìWUệíQHQUDWSKRầELHQWUHQWRDQWKHJLệL 7KRQJTXDPDẹQJ,QWHUQHW PRẹL
QJỉệLFRWKHầWUDRểRầLWKRQJWLQYệLQKDXPRặWFDFKQKDQKFKRQJWKXDặQWLHặQ1KỉìQJFRQJW\
SKDWWULHầQYDNLQKGRDQKWUHQPRLWUỉệQJ,QWUDQHW,QWHUQHWKRẹSKDíLểRLGLHặQYệLNKRNKDèQ
OệQODODPWKHQDRểHầEDíRYHặQKỉìQJGỉìOLHặXTXDQWURẹQJQJDèQFKDQQKỉìQJKẻQKWKỉFWDQ
FRQJWUX\[XDWGỉìOLHặXEDWKệẹSSKDSWỉEHQWURQJ,QWUDQHWODQFDíEHQQJRDL,QWHUQHW
.KLPRặWQJỉệLPXRQWUDRểRầLWKRQJWLQYệLPRặWQJỉệLKD\PRặWWRầFKỉFQDRểRWKRQJTXD
PDẹQJPD\WẽQKWKẻ\HXFDXTXDQWURẹQJODODPVDRểHầểDíPEDíRWKRQJWLQNKRQJEễVDLOHặFK
KRDFEễORặGRVỉẹ[DPQKDặSFXíDNHíWKỉED7UỉệFFDF\HXFDXFDQWKLHWểRPRặWVRJLDíL
WKXDặWPDìKRDểDìGỉệẹF[D\GỉẹQJQKDấPểDíPEDíRWẽQKDQWRDQGỉìOLHặXWDẹLQệLOỉXWUỉìFXìQJ
QKỉNKLGỉìOLHặXểỉệẹFWUX\HQWUHQPDẹQJQKỉFDFJLDíLWKXDặWPDìKRDểRL[ỉQJ (DES), JLDíL
WKXDặWPDìKRDFRQJNKDL, ... 9LHặFWẻPKLHầXYD[D\GỉẹQJFKỉệQJWUẻQKFDFJLDíLWKXDặWQD\
FXìQJNKRQJQDấPQJRDLPXẹFểẽFKFXíDEDíQOXDặQYDèQQD\/XDặQYDèQFRQKLHặPYXẹWẻPKLHầXO\
WKX\HWYHPDặWPDìKRDWKRQJWLQ[D\GỉẹQJVHUYHUWDẹRNKRDFKR user trong YDQểHEDíR
PDặWGỉìOLHặX.
'RWKệLJLDQYDNKDíQDèQJFRKDẹQWURQJNKLSKDẹPYLểHWDLODẹLURặQJQKỉìQJQJỉệL
WKỉẹFKLHặQFKẩFRWKHầWẻPKLHầXểỉệẹFPRặWVRJLDíLWKXDặWFKẽQKQKỉ'(6(&%&%&56$
0'YDTXDểRểỉDUDPRKẻQKVHUYHUWDẹRNKRDFKRFDFXVHUFXẹWKHầODODPWKHQDRểHầ
TXDíQO\YDSKDQSKRLNKRDPRặWFDFKDQWRDQKLHặXTXDí&KDậFFKDậQUDấQJWDặSWKX\HWPLQK
QD\VHìNKRQJWUDQKNKRíLQKỉìQJWKLHXVRWQJỉệLWKỉẹFKLHặQPRQJQKDặQểỉệẹFVỉẹJRS\FKẩ
GDQWKHPFXíDFDF7KD\&REDẹQEHểHầEDíQWKX\HW
PLQKểỉệẹFKRDQWKLHặQKệQ&KXQJ
WRL[LQFKDQWKDQKFDíPệQ7KD\KỉệQJGDQFDF7KD\&RWURQJNKRDểDìWDẹRểLHX
NLHặQWKXDặQOệẹLểHầEDíQWKX\HWPLQKQD\FRWKHầKRDQWKDQKểXQJWKệLKDẹQ
&KỉệQJ

&DFKHặPDặWPDì
+HặPDặWPDìểRL[ỉQJ
*LệLWKLHặX
&DFJLDíLWKXDặWPDặWPDìểRL[ỉQJODFDFJLDíLWKXDặWVỉíGXẹQJFXQJPRặWNKRDEẽPDặW
FKRWDFYXẹPDìKRDYDWDFYXẹJLDíLPDì9ẽGXẹQKỉFDFJLDíLWKXDặWWKD\WKHYDKRDQYễJLDíL
WKXDặW '(6g ảẵ ểD\ WD FKẩ WẻP KLHầX JLDíL WKXDặW '(6 'DWD (QFU\SWLRQ 6WDQGDUG OD JLDíL
WKXDặWPDặWPDìểRL[ỉQJểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJSKRầELHQQKDW
*LDíLWKXDặW'(6'DWD(QFU\SWLRQ6WDQGDUG
9DRQDèP1DWLRQDO%XUHDXRIVWDQGDUGểDìểỉDUDFKXDầQ'(6ểHầVỉíGXẹQJ
FKRFDFỉQJGXẹQJệí0\ì'(6PDìKRDFDFNKRLGDWDELWVYệLNKRDELWV*LDíLWKXDặW
GXQJểHầPDìKRDODQJLDíLPDìểỉệẹFPRWDíWRPWDậWQKỉKẻQK
7UỉệFWLHQELWLQSXW7ểỉệẹFKRDQYễEệíLSKHSKRDQYễKRDQYễNKệíLểRặQJ,3YệL
7R ,376DXNKLTXDYRQJODSPRLYRQJVỉíGXẹQJPRặWNKRDELWểỉệẹFWDẹRUDWỉ
NKRDLQSXWELWVYệLWDFểRặQJFXíDKDP)QRểỉệẹFKRDQYễEDấQJSKHSKRDQYễểDíR,3

ểHầWDẹRUDELWRXWSXWFXRLFXQJ,3YD,3

ểỉệẹFFKRWURQJFDFEDíQJEDíQJDYDEDíQJ
E&DFEDíQJQD\ểỉệẹFểRẹFWỉWUDLVDQJSKDíLWỉWUHQ[XRQJGỉệLWKHRGDẹQJ
7 W

W

gW

ặ7

W

W

ggW

DXWLHQNKRL7 ểỉệẹFWDFKWKDQKKDLNKRLWUDLYDSKDíLPRLNKRLELWV
7 /

5

YệL/

W

gW

5

W

gW


ảẵYRQJODSWKỉLL/
L
5
L
5
L
/
L
)5

L
.
L
WURQJểROD
SKHSFRặQJH[FOXVLYHBRUYD.
L
ODNKRDELWVảẵYRQJODSFXRLFXQJFDFQKDQKWUDLYD
SKDíLNKRQJểRầLFKRFKRQKDXYẻYDặ\LQSXWFXíD,3

OD5

/


+DP)YD6BER[HVKẻQK
7UỉệFWLHQ5
L
ểỉệẹFPệíURặQJWKDQKNKRLELWV(5
L
YệL(ODEDíQJOỉẹDFKRẹQELW
ểỉệẹFFKRWURQJEDíQJ6DXểRWKỉẹFKLHặQSKHS;25(5
L
YệL.
L
YDNHWTXDíểỉệẹFWDFK
WKDQKNKRLELWWỉ%

WệL%

(5
L
.
L
%

%

%

0RLNKRL%
M
VDXểRểỉệẹFểỉDYDRPRặWKDP6
M
6ER[6
M
%
M
WUDíYHPRặWNKRLELW
EDíQJ&DFNKRLQD\ểỉệẹFQRLODẹLYD NKRLNHW TXDíELWểỉệẹFKRDQYễEDấQJSKHS3
EDíQJ
)5
L
.
L
36

%

g6

%


+RDẹWểRặQJFXíD6ER[VRQJX\HQWỉệQJỉQJYệLE

E

VHìFKRẹQ5RZWURQJEDíQJFRQ
VRQJX\HQWỉệQJỉQJYệLE

E

E

E

VHìFKRẹQ&ROXPQ*LDWUễFXíD6
M
%
M
ểỉệẹFFKRẹQVHìODPRặW
VRQJX\HQELWệíYễWUẽ5RZYD&ROXPQểR
7ẽQKNKRDKẻQK
'(6WDẹRUDNKRDPRLNKRDFKLHXGDLELWWỉPRặWNKRDLQSXWELWGXQJFKR
YRQJODS/ỉXểRWẽQKWRDQNKRDểỉệẹFFKRWURQJKẻQK
.KRDLQSXWODPRặWNKRLELWYệLELWSDULW\WDẹLFDFYễWUẽg3HUPXWDWLRQ
3&VHìORDẹLERíFDFELWSDULW\YDVHìKRDQYễELWFRQODẹLWKHREDíQJ.HWTXDí3&.
VDXểRểỉệẹFFKLDWKDQKKDLSKDQ&

YD'

PRLSKDQELW.KRD.
L
GXQJWURQJYRQJWKỉL
ểỉệẹFWDẹRUDWỉ&
L
YD'
L
WKHRTX\WDậFQKỉVDXWURQJFDFYRQJYD&
L
YD'
L
ểỉệẹFTXD\YRQJPRặWEẽWTXDWUDLWURQJFDFYRQJFRQODẹLWKẻểỉệẹFTXD\YRQJKDLEẽWTXD
WUDL4XDSKHSTXD\YRQJQD\&
L
YD'
L
VHìểỉệẹFELHQểRầLWKDQK&
L
YD'
L
+RDQYễ&
L
YD
'
L
WKHREDíQJ6DXNKLKRDQYễ&
L
ERíTXDFDFEẽWWDẹRWKDQKQỉìDWUDLFXíD.

L
EẽWFRQ'
L
ERíểLFDFEẽWWDẹRUDQỉìDSKDíLFXíD.
L
EẽW*KHSQỉìDWUDL
YDQỉìDSKDíLWDẹRUDNKRD.
L
EẽW
*LDíLPDì
4XDWUẻQKJLDíLPDìểỉệẹFWKỉẹFKLHặQWKHRFXQJJLDíLWKXDặWQD\WKHRWKỉWỉẹQJỉệẹFODẹL
QKỉVDX,3

ODểDíRFXíD,3YDệíYRQJODSWKỉLVỉíGXẹQJNKRD.
L
.

ệíYRQJODSểDXWLHQ
.

ệíYRQJODSFXRLFXQJYD
5
L
/
L
/
L
5
L
)/

L
.
L

Input
.KÖÝLWDÑRKRDÛQYÔ
L
1
=Ro
Ro
+
F
+
F
+
F
³DÝRNKÖÝLWDÑRKRÛDQYÔ
2XWSXW
Lo
R
1
= Lo + F(R
1
,K
1
)
L
15
= R
14

R
2
= L
1
+ F(R
1
,K
2
)L
2
= R
1
R
15
= L
14
+ F(R
14
,K
15
)
+
F
R
16
= L
15
+ F(R
15
,K

16
)
L
16
= R
15
1,2,3,... 64
1,2,3,... 64
1,2,3,... 32
K
1
K
2
Kn
K
16
Hình 1:
Encryption computation
1,2,3,... 32
&KRÑQKRÛDQYÔ
/HIW6KLIW /HIW6KLIW
/HIW6KLIW/HIW6KLIW
/HIW6KLIW /HIW6KLIW
&KRÑQKRÛDQYÔ
&KRÑQKRDÛQYÔ
&KRÑQKRDÛQYÔ
1,2,3,..... 64
1,2,3,..... 28 1,2,3,..... 28
K
1

Kn
K
16
+ÎQK
Key Schedule Calculation
Key
Key Key
C
1
D
1
Cn Dn
C
16
D
16
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
6
S
5
S
7
S
4

S
8
P
32 bits
+
E
48 bits
K (
48 bits
)
5
ELWV
Hình 3
: Calculation of f(R,K)
6
4
%DÝQJD%DÝQJKRDÛQYÔÓDÂXWLHÄQ,3  %DÝQJE%DÝQJKRDÛQYÔFXRÃLFXÚQJ,3


%DÝQJ%DÝQJFKRÑQEÏW( %DÝQJ%DÝQJKRDÛQYÔ3
%DÝQJ%DÝQJKRDÛQYÔNKRÛD3& %DÝQJ%DÝQJKRDÛQYÔNKRÛD3&
 

 
 




 

 
 
 
 
 
 



 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 







 


 







 
 
 

&ROXPQ
5RZ%R[


















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6


%DÝQJ%DÝQJFKRÑQ6ER[H[
'(6,Q(OHFWURQLF&RGH%RRN0RGH(&%
ảẵPRGHQD\FDFNKRLGDWDGỉệLGDẹQJURíFOHDUWH[WểỉệẹFểỉDYDRLQSXWFXíD'(6
&DFNKRLNHWTXDíGỉệLGDẹQJPDặWPDìFLSKHUWH[WFRWKHầểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJFKRFDFỉQJGXẹQJ
NKDF4XDWUẻQKELHQểRầLGLHQUDQKỉVDXKẻQK
&OHDUWH[Wặ,QSXWEORFNặ'(6ặ2XWSXWEORFNặ&LSKHUWH[W
(&%HQFU\SWLRQ (&%GHFULSWLRQ
+ẻQK(OHFWURQLF&RGHERRN0RGH(&%
'(6,Q&LSKHU%ORFN&KDLQLQJ0RGH&%&
.KRLGDWDFDQPDìKRDểỉệẹFFKLDWKDQKFDFNKRL%

%

g%
Q
YệLNẽFKWKỉệFPRL
NKRLODELWV9HFWệNKệíLWDẹR,9ELWVểỉệẹFFKRẹQ6ệểRPDặWPDìểỉRẹFFKRWURQJKẻQK

4XDWUẻQKPDìKRD
,9%

&

&OHDUWH[W
'

'

'

,QSXWEORFN
,

,

g,


'(6HQFU\SW
2XWSXWEORFN
2

2

g2


&LSKHUWH[W
&

&

g&


&OHDUWH[W
'

'

'


&LSKHUWH[W
&

&

g&


,QSXWEORFN
,

,

g,


'(6GHFU\SW
2XWSXWEORFN
2

2

g2

0Dì KRD
&

⊕%

&

 
Q&
Q
⊕%
Q
&
Q
 4XDÛWUÎQKJLDÝLPD×
&

 ,9⊕%

,9⊕%

⊕,9 %

&

 &

⊕%

&


⊕%

⊕&

 %

 
&
Q
&
Q
⊕%
Q
&
Q
⊕%
Q
⊕&
Q
 %
Q
+ÎQK&LSKHU%ORFN&KDLQLQJ&%&PRGH
*LDÝL PD×
,9 %

%

%
3

Time = 1 Time = 2
Time = n
+ + +
,,,
'(6HQFU\ '(6HQFU\ '(6HQFU\
&

&

&
Q
...
..
, , ,
'(6GHFU\ '(6GHFU\ '(6GHFU\
,9
+ + +
%

%

%
3
...
...
0D×KRÛD
*LDÝLPD×
+HặPDặWPDìEDWểRL[ỉQJ
*LệLWKLHặX
6ỉẹSKDWWULHầQFXíDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDLODUDWOệQYDFROHìFKẽQKQRWDẹRUDFXRặF

FDFKPDẹQJWURQJWRDQERặOễFKVỉíFXíDPDặWPDìNKRD
1KỉìQJJLDíLWKXDặWNKRDFRQJNKDLểHXGỉẹDWUHQQKỉìQJKDPWRDQKRẹFKệQODQKỉìQJ
SKHSWKD\WKHYDKRDQYễWURQJPDặWPDìNKRDFRầểLHầQ4XDQWURẹQJKệQPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJ
NKDLFRWẽQKFKDWEDWểRL[ỉQJEDRJRPYLHặFVỉíGXẹQJNKRDULHQJELHặWWỉệQJSKDíQYệLPDì
KRDTXLỉệFFRWẽQKểRL[ỉQJPDFKẩVỉẹGXẹQJNKRD9LHặFVỉíGXẹQJNKRDFRWDPTXDQ
WURẹQJVDXVDậFWURQJOếQKYỉẹFFDQWẽQKEẽPDặWSKDQERNKRDYDVỉẹFKỉQJWKỉẹF
0RặWVRTXDQQLHặPVDLOLHQTXDQểHQPDìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDL
0DìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDLWKẻEDíRPDặWểRLYệLQKDSKDQWẽFKPDặWPDìKệQODPDì
KRDTXLỉệF7KDặWUDWẽQKEDíRPDặWFXíDEDWN\VệểRPDìKRDQDRểHXSKXẹWKXRặFYDRFKLHX
GDLFXíDNKRDYDYLHặFWẽQKWRDQểHầJLDíLTX\HWYLHặFEHíNKRD
0DìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDLFRPXẹFWLHXFKXQJN\ìWKXDặWểỉệẹFWKỉẹFKLHặQEDấQJPDì
KRDTXLỉệFORLWKệL1JỉệẹFODẹLEệLYẻYLHặFWẽQKWRDQểỉệẹFểDWKDQJểDXWURQJVệểRPDì
KRDNKRDFRQJNKDLFKRQHQGỉệQJQKỉNKRQJWKHầWKD\WUỉệFNKDíQDèQJ[Dí\UDUDấQJPDì
KRDTXLỉệFVHìEễERíUệL0RặWWURQJQKỉìQJQJỉệLểDìNKDPSKDUDPDìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDL
ểDìSKDWELHầXu+DẹQFKHFXíDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDLểHầTXDíQO\NKRDYDVỉíGXẹQJFKỉìN\
ODKDXQKỉểỉệẹFFKDSQKDặQSKRầELHQv
&RFDíPJLDFUDấQJVỉẹSKDQERNKRDWKẻNKRQJTXDQWURẹQJWURQJNKLVỉíGXẹQJPDì
KRDNKRDFRQJNKDLVRVDQKWKẻFệFKHEDậWWD\WUệíQJDẹLKệQEDRJRPQKỉìQJWUXQJWDP
SKDQERNKRDFKRPDìKRDTXLỉệF7KDặWUDYDLNKXRQGDẹQJJLDRWKỉFODFDQWKLHWQRL
FKXQJEDRJRPWDFQKDQWUXQJWDPYDQKỉìQJWKXíWXẹFOLHQTXDQWKẻNKRQJểệQJLDíQPD
FXìQJNKRQJKLHặXTXDíKệQ\HXFDXFKRYLHặFPDìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDLQD\
/\WKX\HWYHPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDL
.KDLQLHặPPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDLểDìWDẹRUDVỉẹFRJDậQJểHầJLDíLTX\HWYDQểH
NKRNKDèQQKDWWURQJPDìNKRDTXLỉệFểRODVỉẹSKDQERNKRDYDFKỉìN\VR
7URQJPDìKRDTXLỉệFVỉẹSKDQERNKRD\HXFDXKRDFODKDLQJỉệLWUX\HQWKRQJ
FXQJVKDUHWKDPJLDPRặWNKRDPDEDấQJFDFKQDRểRểDìểỉệẹFSKDQERWệLKRẹKRDFODVỉí
GXẹQJFKXQJPRặWWUXQJWDPSKDQERNKRD:KLWILHOG'LIILHPRặWWURQJQKỉìQJQJỉệLNKDP
SKDUDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDLFXQJYệL0DUWLQ+HOOPDQểDìJLDíLWKẽFKUDấQJ\HXFDXQD\
ểDìSKXíểễQKEDíQFKDWFXíDPDặWPDìNKDíQDèQJEDíRYHặWẽQKEẽPDặWKRDQKDíRTXDYLHặFWUX\HQ
WKRQJULHQJFXíDEDẹQu1RVHìODPWRWQKỉWKHQDRVDXPRẹLVỉẹSKDWWULHầQKHặWKRQJNKRQJ

WKHầ[X\HQTXDểỉệẹFQHXFDFXVHUEễEDậWEXRặFWKDPJLDVKDUHFDFNKRDFXíDQRYệLPRặW
.'&PDFRWKHầểỉệẹFWKRíDKLHặSEệíLNHíWURặP"v
1HXYLHặFVỉíGXẹQJPDặWPDìểDìWUệíQHQSKRầELHQNKRQJFKẩWURQJTXDQểRặLPD
FRQWURQJWKỉệQJPDẹLYDQKỉìQJPXẹFểẽFKFDQKDQWKẻQKỉìQJểRDẹQWLQYDWDLOLHặXểLHặQWỉíVHì
FDQQKỉìQJFKỉìN\WỉệQJểỉệQJểDìVỉíGXẹQJWURQJFDFWDLOLHặXJLD\7ỉFODPRặWSKỉệQJ
SKDSFRWKHầểỉệẹFQJKếUDFRTX\ểễQKODPKDLORQJWDWFDíQKỉìQJQJỉệLWKDPJLDNKLPD
PRặWểRDẹQWLQVRểỉệẹFJệíLEệíLPRặWFDQKDQểDFELHặWKD\NKRQJ"
7URQJVệểRPDìKRDTX\ỉệFFDFNKRDểỉệẹFGXQJFKRPDìKRDYDJLDíLPDìPRặW
ểRDẹQWLQODJLRQJQKDXD\ODPRặWểLHXNLHặQNKRQJFDQWKLHW7KD\YẻQRFRWKHầSKDWWULHầQ
JLDíLWKXDặWPDìKRDGỉẹDWUHQPRặWNKRDFKRPDìKRDYDPRặWNKRDNKDFFRTXDQKHặYệLNKRD
WUHQFKRJLDíLPDì+ệQQỉìDFDFJLDíLWKXDặWQD\FRQKỉìQJểDFểLHầPTXDQWURẹQJVDX
RODYLHặFWẽQKWRDQPRặWFDFKNKRQJNKDíWKLểHầ[DFểễQKNKRDJLDíLPDìWURQJNKL
FKẩELHWJLDíLWKXDặWPDặWPDìYDNKRDPDìKRD
7URQJJLDíLWKXDặW56$FRQFRểDFểLHầPKRDFPRặWWURQJKDLNKRDTXDQKHặFRWKHầ
ểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJFKRPDìKRDFRQNKRDNLDểỉệẹFGXQJFKRJLDíLPDì
&DFEỉệFFDQWKLHWWURQJTXDWUẻQKPDìKRDNKRDFRQJNKDL
0RLKHặWKRQJFXRLWURQJPDẹQJWDẹRUDPRặWFDSNKRDểHầGXQJFKRPDìKRDYDJLDíL
PDìểRDẹQWLQPDQRVHìQKDặQ
0RLKHặWKRQJFRQJERURặQJUDìLNKRDPDìKRDEDấQJFDFKểDWNKRDYDRPRặWWKDQK
JKLKD\PRặWILOHFRQJNKDLD\ODNKRDFRQJNKDLNKRDFRQODẹLểỉệẹFJLỉìULHQJ
1HX$PXRQJệíLPRặWểRDẹQWLQWệL%WKẻ$PDìKRDểRDẹQWLQEDấQJNKRDFRQJNKDL
FXíD%
.KL%QKDặQểRDẹQWLQPDìKRDQRJLDíLPDìEDấQJNKRDEẽPDặWFXíDPẻQK.KRQJ
PRặWQJỉệLQDRNKDFFRWKHầJLDíLPDìểRDẹQWLQPDìQD\EệíLYẻFKẩFRPẻQK%ELHWNKRDEẽPDặW
ểRWKRL
.KRDFRQJNKDLFXíD%
NKRDEẽPDặWFXíD%
ểRDẹQWLQPDặWPDìểRDẹQWLQ
*LDíLWKXDặW
PDìKRD

*LDíLWKXDặW
JLDíLPDì
8VHU%
8VHU$
9ệLFDFKWLHSFDặQQD\WDWFDíQKỉìQJQJỉệLWKDPJLDFRWKHầWUX\[XDWNKRDFRQJ
NKDL.KRDEẽPDặWểỉệẹFWDẹRUDEệíLWỉQJFDQKDQYẻYDặ\NKRQJEDRJLệểỉệẹFSKDQERảẵ
EDWN\WKệLểLHầPQDRKHặWKRQJFXìQJFRWKHầFKX\HầQểRầLFDSNKRDểHầểDíPEDíRWẽQKEDíR
PDặW
%DíQJVDXWRPWDậWPRặWVRNKẽDFDẹQKTXDQWURẹQJYHPDìKRDTX\ỉệFYDPDìKRD
FRQJNKDLểHầSKDQELHặWJLỉìDKDLORDẹLFKXQJWDVHìWRầQJTXDWKRDOLHQKHặNKRDVỉíGXẹQJ
WURQJPDìKRDTX\ỉệFODNKRDEẽPDặWKDLNKRDVỉíGXẹQJWURQJPDìKRDFRQJNKDLODNKRD
FRQJNKDLYDNKRDEẽPDặW
0DìKRDTX\ỉệF 0DìKRDFRQJNKDL
<HXFDX
*LDíLWKXDặWWỉệQJWỉẹFKRPDìKRDYDJLDíL
PDì
1JỉệL JệíL YD QJỉệL QKDặQ SKDíL WKDP
JLDFXQJJLDíLWKXDặWYDFXQJNKRD
7ẽQKEDíRPDặW
.KRDSKDíLểỉệẹFJLỉìEẽPDặW
.KRQJ WKHầ KD\ ẽW QKDW NKRQJ FR WẽQK
WKỉẹFWHểHầJLDíLPDì ểRDẹQWLQQHXWKRQJ
WLQNKDFNKRQJFRVDịQ
.LHQWKỉFYHJLDíLWKXDặWFRặQJYệLFDF
PDXYHPDặWPDìNKRQJểXíểHầ[DFểễQK
NKRD
<HXFDX
0RặWJLDíLWKXDặWFKRPDìKRDYDPRặWJLDíL
WKXDặWFKRJLDíLPDì
1JỉệL JệíL YD QJỉệL QKDặQ PRL QJỉệL

SKDíLFRFDSNKRDFKRULHQJPẻQK
7ẽQKEDíRPDặW
0RặWWURQJKDLNKRDSKDíLểỉệẹFJLỉìEẽPDặW
.KRQJWKHầKD\ẽWQKDWNKRQJFRWẽQKWKỉẹF
WHểHầJLDíLPDìểRDẹQWLQQHXWKRQJWLQNKDF
NKRQJFRVDịQ
.LHQ WKỉF YH JLDíL WKXDặW FRặQJ YệL PRặW
WURQJFDFNKRDFRặQJYệLFDFPDXYHPDặW
PDìNKRQJểXíểHầ[DFểễQKNKRDNLD
&DFVệểRPDặWPDìTX\ỉệFYDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDL[HPVệểREHQ


áằQJGXẹQJFXíDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDL
7X\WKXRặFYDRỉQJGXẹQJQJỉệLJệíLVỉíGXẹQJKRDFNKRDEẽPDặWFXíDQJỉệLJệíLKRDF
NKRDFRQJNKDLFXíDQJỉệLQKDặQKRDFFDíKDLPDKẻQKWKDQKPRặWVRNLHầXFKỉFQDèQJFXíDPDặW
PDìNKRD&RFKLHQOỉệẹFVDX
0DìKRDJLDíLPDìQJỉệLJệíLPDìKRDểRDẹQWLQEDấQJNKRDFRQJ NKDLFXíD QJỉệL
QKDặQQJỉệLQKDặQJLDíLPDìEDấQJNKRDEẽPDặWFXíDPẻQK
&KỉìN\VRQJỉệLJệíLPDìKRDểRDẹQWLQN\WHQEDấQJNKRDEẽPDặW FXíDPẻQK
QJỉệLQKDặQJLDíLPDìEDấQJNKRDFRQJNKDLFXíDQJỉệLJệíL&KỉìN\ểỉệẹFDSGXẹQJWệLểRDẹQWLQ
KD\WệLPRặWNKRLGỉìOLHặXQKRíPDểỉệẹFOLHQNHWWURQJPRặWVRSKỉệQJWKỉFWệLểRDẹQWLQ
&KX\HầQểRầLNKRDQJỉệLJệíLPDìKRDểRDẹQWLQKDLODQODQVỉíGXẹQJNKRDEẽPDặW
FXíDEDíQWKDQODQVỉíGXẹQJNKRDFRQJNKDLFXíDQJỉệLQKDặQ1JỉệLQKDặQJLDíLPDìểRDẹQWLQ
QKDặQểỉệẹFEDấQJNKRDEẽPDặWFXíDEDíQWKDQYDNKRDFRQJNKDLFXíDQJỉệLJệíL
0RặW VR JLDíL WKXDặW FKR PDặW PDì NKRD FRQJ NKDL 56$ (&& /8& '66
'LIILHB+HOOPDQg7URQJểRDQQD\FKẩWUẻQKED\JLDíLWKXDặW56$
&DF\HXFDXFXíDPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDL
&RQJYLHặFWẽQKWRDQWKẻGHGDQJFKRQJỉệLQKDặQ% ặWDẹRFDSNKRDNKRDFRQJ
NKDL.8YDNKRDEẽPDặW.5
&RQJYLHặFWẽQKWRDQWKẻGHGDQJFKRQJỉệLJệíL$ặELHWNKRDFRQJNKDLYDểRDẹQ

WLQFDQPDìKRD0ểHầWDẹRPDặWPDìWỉệQJỉQJ& (
.8E
0
&RQJYLHặFWẽQKWRDQWKẻGHGDQJFKRQJỉệLQKDặQ%ặVỉíGXẹQJNKRDEẽPDặWểHầJLDíL
PDìểRDẹQWLQPDìKRD&NKRLSKXẹFODẹLểRDẹQWLQểDX
0 '
.5E
& '
.5E
>(
.8E
0@
&RQJYLHặFWẽQKWRDQNKRQJWKHầWKD\WUỉệFểRLYệLểễFKWKXíELHWNKRDFRQJNKDL
.8EểHầ[DFểễQKNKRDEẽPDặW.5E
&RQJYLHặFWẽQKWRDQNKRQJWKHầWKD\WUỉệFểRLYệLểễFKWKXíELHWNKRDFRQJNKDL
.8EYDPRặWPDặWPDì&ểHầNKRLSKXẹFểRDẹQWLQEDQểDX0
&KỉFQDèQJPDìKRDYDJLDíLPDìFRWKHầểỉệẹFDSGXẹQJWKHRWKỉWỉẹ
0 '
.5E
>(
.8E
0@
0 (
.8E
>'
.5E
0@
&RWKHầQKDặQWKD\UDấQJYLHặFWẽQK< I;WKẻGHGDQJWURQJNKL WẽQK; I
x
<OD

NKRQJWKHầWKD\WUỉệF1RLFKXQJWỉuGHGDQJvểỉệẹF[DFểễQKEệíLEDLWRDQODQRFRWKHầ
ểỉệẹFJLDíLTX\HWWURQJWKệLJLDQQKDWểễQKKDPFXíDFKLHXGDLLQSXW1HXFKLHXGDLLQSXW
ODQEẽWWKẻWKệLJLDQểHầWẽQKKDPểRWẩOHặYệLQ
D
D FRQVWHầểDíPEDíRWẽQKEDíRPDặWSKDíL
VỉíGXẹQJNKRDFRNẽFKWKỉệFểXíOệQWKỉệQJWUHQFKỉìVRWKDặSSKDQ9ẽGXẹNẽFKWKỉệF
NKRDYDWKệLJLDQEHíNKRD0,36QDèPWURQJFDFJLDíLWKXDặW56$'66YD(&&QKỉVDX
56$EẽW (&&EẽW 0,36QDèP












*LDíLWKXDặW56$5LYHVW6KDPLUYD$GOHPDQx
0RWDíJLDíLWKXDặW
6ệểR56$ODVệểRPDìKRDNKRLểRDẹQWLQểỉệẹFPDìKRDWỉQJNKRLYệLPRLNKRL
FRJLDWUễQKRíKệQQ9LHặFPDìKRDYDJLDíLPDìWKHRKẻQKWKỉFVDXFKRNKRLYDèQEDíQ0YD
NKRLEDíRPDặW&
& 0
H
PRGQ
0 &
G

PRGQ 0
H

G
PRGQ 0
GH
PRGQ
&DíKDLQJỉệLJệíLYDQKDặQSKDíLELHWJLDWUễQQJỉệLJệíLELHWHYDFKẩFRQJỉệLQKDặQ
ELHWG&KRQHQểD\ODJLDíLWKXDặWPDìKRDYệLNKRDFRQJNKDL.8 >HQ@YDNKRDEẽPDặW
.5 >GQ@9ẻJLDíLWKXDặWQD\WKRíDJLDíLWKXDặWPDặWPDìNKRDFRQJNKDLQHQFDF\HXFDXVDX
SKDíLểỉệẹFểDSỉQJ
&RWKHầWẻPWKD\JLDWUễGHQểHầ0 0
GH
PRGQYệLPRẹL0QKD\NKRQJ"
0RặWFDFKWỉệQJểRLGHGDQJWẽQK0
H
YD&
G
YệLPRẹL0Q KD\NKRQJ"
.KRQJWKHầ[DFểễQKGNKLELHWHYDQ
7KHROẽWKX\HWFXíD(XOHUFKRVRQJX\HQWRSYDTVRQJX\HQQYDPQ ST
PQYDVRQJX\HQN7DFR
P
N Q
P
N S T
PPRGQ
Q ST ST
'RểR
QHXGH NQYDJFGQH JFGỉệFVRFKXQJ

WKẻGHPRGQ YDGPRGQ H

6ệểR56$
*LDíVỉíXVHU$ểDìFRQJERNKRDFRQJNKDLHFXíDQRYDXVHU%PXRQJệíLểRDẹQWLQ
0WệL$.KLểR%WẽQK& 0
H
PRGQYDWUX\HQ&.KLQKDặQểỉệẹFểRDẹQWLQ&QD\XVHU$
JLDíLPDìEDấQJFDFKWẽQK&
G
PRGQ&RWKHầWKD\UDấQJ0 &
G
PRGQYẻ
GHPRGQ KD\GH NQ
ặ0
N Q
0
N S T
0PRGQ 0
GH
PRGQPRGQ 0
GH
PRGQ
&
G
PRGQ 0
H

G
PRGQ 0
GH

PRGQ 0
&RWKHầWRPWDậWJLDíLWKXDặW56$QKỉEDíQJVDX
7DẹRNKRD RặSKỉFWDẹS
7DẹRVRQJX\HQWROệQSYDT
7ẽQKQ STQ ST
&KRẹQVRQJDXQKLHQHQJFGQH
7ẽQKGG H

PRGQJLDíLWKXDặW([WHQGHG(XFOLGHDQ
.KRDFRQJNKDL.8 >HQ@
.KRDEẽPDặW.5 >GQ@
ORJQ


ORJQ


ORJQ


0DìKRD
RDẹQWLQ0Q
0DìKRD& 0
H
PRGQ
*LDíLPDì
RDẹQWLQPDì&
*LDíLPDì0 &
G
PRGQ

RặSKỉFWDẹS
&RặQJVRNEẽWN
1KDQVRNEẽWN


NEẽWPRGQN


[
F
PRGQN


HầWẽQK[
F
PRGQFDQFSKHSQKDQPRGXOXVặNKRQJKLHặXTXDíGRFOệQặVỉí
GXẹQJJLDíLWKXDặWVTXDUHBPXOWLSO\ểHầJLDíPVRSKHSQKDQPRGQKLHXQKDWOOODVREẽWQKễ
SKDQFXíDFO NYệLNODVREẽWQKễSKDQFXíD[
7RFểRặPDìKRDWURQJ56$
7RFểRặ YD KLHặXTXDíFXíDQKLHXSKDQ PHP WKỉệQJ PDẹL FR VDịQ YD FRQJ FXẹSKDQ
FỉQJFXíD56$ểDQJJLDWDèQJFDFKQKDQKFKRQJ9ệLSHQWLXP0K]ERặWRRONLW%6$)(
FXíDFệTXDQEDíRPDặWGỉìOLHặX56$ểDẹWWRFểRặWẽQKNKRDEẽPDặWOD.ESVYệLNKRD
EẽWYD.ESVYệLNKRDEẽW3KDQFỉQJ56$QKDQKQKDWểDẹWKệQ.ESVYệL
NKRDEẽWQHXểỉệẹF[ỉíO\VRQJVRQJWKẻểDẹW.ESVYệLNKRDEẽWYD.ESVYệL
NKRDEẽW1JỉệLWDPRQJểệẹLUDấQJWRFểRặ56$VHìểDẹW0ESVYDRFXRLQDèP6R
VDQKYệLJLDíLWKXDặW'(6YDFDFJLDíLWKXDặWPDìNKRLNKDFWKẻ56$FKDặPKệQYHSKDQPHP
'(6QKDQKKệQ56$ODQYHSKDQFỉQJ'(6QKDQKKệQ56$WỉWệLODQ
WX\ WKXRặF FRQJ FXẹ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ Vỉí GXẹQJ WKRQJ WLQ QD\ ểỉệẹF OD\ Wỉ
KWWSZZZUVDFRP
.ẽFKWKỉệFNKRDWURQJ56$

7X\WKXRặFYDRWẽQKEDíRPDặWFDQWKLHWFXíDPRLQJỉệLYDWKệLJLDQVRQJFXíDNKRD
PDNKRDFRFKLHXGDLWKẽFKKệẹS
/RDẹL([SRUWEẽW
/RDẹL3HUVRQQDOEẽW
/RDẹL&RPPHUFLDOEẽW
/RDẹL0LOLWHU\EẽW
&KXN\VRQJFXíDNKRDSKXẹWKXRặF
9LHặFểDèQJN\YDWDẹRNKRD
9LHặFSKDQERNKRD
9LHặFNẽFKKRDẹWKRDFNKRQJNẽFKKRDẹWNKRD
9LHặFWKD\WKHKRDFFDặSQKDặSNKRD
9LHặFKXí\ERíNKRD
9LHặFNHWWKXFNKRDEDRJRPVỉẹSKDKRDẹLKRDFVỉẹOỉXWUỉì
7ẽQKEDíRPDặWFXíDJLDíLWKXDặW56$
9ẻNKRDODFRQJNKDLQHQQJỉệLJLDíLPDìWKỉệQJGỉẹDYDRFDSNKRDQD\ểHầWẻPFDS
NKRDEẽPDặWLHXTXDQWURẹQJODGỉẹDYDRQểHầWẽQKKDLWKỉDVRSTFXíDQWỉểRWẽQKểỉệẹFG
&RQKLHXJLDíLWKXDặWQKỉWKHểDXWLHQWD[HWWUỉệQJKệẹSểệQJLDíQQKDWODQJỉệLJLDíLPDì
ELHWểỉệẹFQ.KLểRWẽQKSTểỉDYHYLHặFJLDíLKDLSKỉệQJWUẻQKVDX
Q ST
Q ST
7KD\T QSWDểỉệẹFSKỉệQJWUẻQKEDặFKDL
S

xQQSQ
+DLQJKLHặPFXíDSKỉệQJWUẻQKEDặFKDLQD\VHìODST7X\QKLHQYDQểHFRểỉệẹF
QFRQNKRKệQWẽQKKDLWKỉDVRFXíDQQKLHX
3KỉệQJSKDSS
&KXQJWDELHWUDấQJQHXQ

WKẻYLHặFWẻPKDLWKỉDVRFXíDQNKRQJPD\NKRNKDèQ

EệíLYLHặFFKLDQFKRFDFVRWỉểHQQ*LDíLWKXDặWSểỉệẹFểỉDUDYDRQDèPVR
QKDặSVROHíQYDPRặWVR%UDQJEXRặW*LDíLWKXDặW
1KDặSQYD%
D
)RUM WR%
$ D
M
PRGQ
G JFGDQ
LIGQWKHQ
GLVIDFWRURIQVXFFFHVV
HOVHQRIDFWRURIQLVIRXQGIDLOXUH
1RặLGXQJFXíDJLDíLWKXDặWQD\QKỉVDXJLDíVỉíQ STSTFKỉDELHWYD%ODVR
QJX\HQểXíOệQYệLPRLWKỉDVRQJX\HQWRNN %PDN_SWDSKDíLFRS_%
7DẹLFXRLFXíDYRQJODSEỉệFD
%
PRGQ
9ẻWKHD
%
PRGS
9ẻS_Q7KHRểễQKO\)HUPDWWDFR
S
PRGS
'RS_%QHQFKXQJWDFRD PRGSWURQJEỉệF
9ẻWKHệíEỉệFS_DYDS_QQHQQHXG JFGDQWKẻG S
7URQJJLDíLWKXDặWQD\FR%SKHSWẽQKPRGXODUEDấQJOXì\WKỉDPRLSKHSểRLKRíL
ORJ

%SKHSPRGXODUSKHSWẽQK86&/1FDQWKệLJLDQ2ORJ

JLDíLWKXDặW(XFOLGHDQFDQ
WKỉẹFKLHặQWURQJWKệLJLDQ2ORJQ

1HQểRặSKỉFWDẹSFXíDJLDíLWKXDặWOD2%ORJ%ORJQ

ORJQ


7X\QKLHQ[DF[XDWWKDQK FRQJWURQJ YLHặFFKRẹQ %ODUDWQKRíPDWNKDFQHXJLD
WDèQJNẽFKWKỉệF%UDWOệQFKDĩQJKDẹQVTUWQWKẻJLDíLWKXDặWVHìWKDQKFRQJQKỉQJNKRQJ
QKDQKKệQJLDíLWKXDặWFKLDGDQQKỉWUẻQKED\WUHQLHXUXWUDWỉJLDíLWKXDặWQD\ODQFR
WKỉDVRQJX\HQWRSPDSFKẩFRFDFỉệFVRQJX\HQWRuQKRív5DWGHGDQJểHầ[D\
GỉẹQJPDìKRDFRQJNKDLPDNKRQJEễWDQFRQJFXíDSKỉệQJSKDSQD\&DFKểệQJLDíQQKDW
OD WẻP PRW VR QJX\HQ WR S OệQ PD S S FXìQJ OD VR QJX\HQ WR WỉệQJ Wỉẹ WẻP T
QJX\HQWROệQYDT TQJX\HQWRVỉíGXẹQJJLDíLWKXDặW0RQWHB&DUORV
%HíNKRDNKLELHWểỉệẹFVRPXìGFXíDKDPJLDíLPDì
9LHặFWẽQKVRGNKRQJGHGDQJEệíLYẻểD\ODNKRDEẽPDặWQHQQHXELHWQRWKẻFR
WKHầJLDíLPDìểỉệẹFPRẹLểRDẹQWLQWỉệQJỉQJ7X\QKLHQJLDíLWKXDặWQD\PDQJQKLHX\QJKếDO\
WKX\HWQRFKRFKXQJWDELHWUDấQJQHXFRGWKẻWDFRWKHầWẽQKFDFWKỉDVRFXíDQ1HXểLHX
QD\[Dí\UDWKẻQJỉệLVệíKỉìXNKRDQD\NKRQJWKHầWKD\ểRầLNKRDFRQJNKDLPDSKDíLWKD\
OXRQVRQ
*LDíLWKXDặWQD\GỉẹDWUHQFệEDíQODQHXQ STYệLSTODKDLVRQJX\HQWROHíYD[

PRGQFRNHWTXDíFKẩOD[ KD\xPRGQWỉệQJWỉẹ[

PRGQFROệLJLDíLQKỉ
WKH
7DFR[

PRGQWỉệQJểỉệQJ[

PRGSYD[

PRGT9ẻWKHFRERQ
FDèQEDặFKDLFXíDPRGXORQFKXQJWDFRWKHầVỉíGXẹQJO\WKX\HWVRGỉ7UXQJ+RD
*LDíLWKXDặWQKỉVDX
&KXQJWDFRWKHầSKDQWẽFKJLDíLWKXDặWểDXWLHQQHXPD\PDậQFKRẹQZODERặLVR
FXíDQWKẻWẻPUDSTQJD\1HXZQJX\HQWRFXQJQKDXYệLQWKẻFKXQJWDWẽQKZ
U
Z
U
Z
U
g
PRGXORQFKRểHQNKLWRQWDẹLWVDRFKR
Z
U 7
PRGQ
YD DEx
V
U PRGQ
&XRLFXQJWDẹLFXRLYRQJODSZKLOHFKXQJWDWẻPWKD\Y
R
VDRFKRY

R
PRGQ
QKỉQJY
R
!PRGQ%ỉệFWẻP86&/1Y

R
QWDWẻPểỉệẹFSKD\T
FKRÑQZEDÃWN\ÚPDÚ Z Q
WÏQK[ XVFOQZQ
 LI[QWKHQTXLWWKDÚQKFRÄQJQHÃX[ SKD\[ T
WÏQKD $E
ÓDÍWDE 
V
UUOHÝ
WÏQKY Z
U
PRGQ
LIY PRGQWKHQTXLWWKDÃWEDÑL
ZKLOHY!PRGQGR
Y

Y
 Y Y

PRGQ
LIY
R
PRGQWKHQTXLWWKDÃWEDÑL
 HOVHWÏQK[ XVFOQY
R
QWKDÚQKFRÄQJ[ S[ T
%HÝNKRÛDGØÑDWUHÄQFDÛFDWWDFNODÍSODÑL
6LLPRQVYDÚ1RUULVÓD×FKÈUDUDÊQJKHÆWKRÃQJ56$FRÛWKHÇEÔWRÇQWKØÖQJNKLVØÝGXÑQJ
WDÃQFRÄQJODÍSOLHÄQWLHÃSLWHUDWLRQDWWDFN³RÛODÚNKLÓRÃLWKXÝELHÃWFDÍSNKRÛDFRÄQJNKDL^QH`
YDÚPDÆWPD×&WKÎDQKWDFRÛWKHÇWÏQKFKXRÅLFDÛFPDÆWPD×VDX

&

 &
H
PRGQ
&

 &

H
PRGQ
gggggggggggg
&
L
 &
L
H
PRGQ
1HÃXFRÛPRÆWSKDÂQWØÝ&
M
WURQJFKXRÅL&

&

g&
L
gVDRFKR&
M
 &WKÎNKLÓRÛDQKWD
VH×WÎPÓØÖÑF0 &

M
EÖÝLYÎ
&
M
 &
M
H
PRGQ
& 0
H
 PRGQ
9ÏGXÑJLDÝVØÝÓRÃLWKXÝELHÃW^QH&` ^`YDÚDQKWDWÏQK
&

 &
H
PRGQ 

PRG 
&

 &

H
PRGQ 

PRG 
9Î&

 &QHÄQ0 &


 
6ỉẹFKHGDXWKRQJWLQWURQJKHặWKRQJ56$
+HặWKRQJ56$FRPRặWểDFểLHầPểDFWUỉQJODWKRQJWLQNKRQJSKDíLOXRQOXRQểỉệẹF
FKHGDX*LDíVỉíQJỉệLJệíLFRH Q 1HXDQKWDPXRQJệíLEDWFỉGDWDQDRWKXRặF
WDặSVDX
^`
WKẻPRẹLPDặWPDìFXìQJFKẽQKODGDWDEDQểDX1JKLDìOD0 0
H
PRGQ&RQNKLS
T H WKẻKHặWKRQJKRDQWRDQNKRQJFRVỉẹFKHGDXWKRQJWLQEệíLYẻ
0 0

PRGYệLPRẹL0
9ệLPRLPRGXOXVQNKRQJFKHGDXểỉệẹFẽWQKDWODPHVVDJH
0 0
H
PRGQ
+D\0 0
H
PRGSYD0 0
H
PRGT
9ệLPRLHFRẽWQKDWJLDíLSKDSWKXRặFWDặS^`'RểRWDWFDíPHVVDJH
WKRíDOD
^0 >0PRGS0PRGT@0PRGS0PRGT^``
Hầ[DFểễQKFKẽQK[DFVRPHVVDJHNKRQJểỉệẹFFKHGDXNKRQJEễWKD\ểRầLVDXNKL
PDìKRDWDVỉíGXẹQJểễQKO\VDX
u 1HX FDF PHVVDJH ểỉệẹF PDì KRD WURQJ KHặ WKRQJ 56$ ểỉệẹF [DF ểễQK EệíL VR
PRGXOXVQ STSTODQJX\HQWRYDNKRDFRQJNKDLHWKẻFR

P >JFGHS@>JFGHT@
PHVVDJHNKRQJEễFKHGDXv
&DFJLDíLWKXDặWWRDQKRẹFểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJWURQJ56$
*LDíLWKXDặW(XFOLGHDQxWẻP86&/1FXíDKDLVRQJX\HQ
&KRKDLVRQJX\HQU
R
YDU

JLDíLWKXDặW(XFOLGHDQJRPQKỉìQJSKHSWẽQKVDX
U
R
T

U

U

U

T

U

U



U
P
T

P
U
P
U
P
U
P
T
P
U
P
7KẻJFGU
R
U

U
P
/\ÛWKX\HÃWVRÃGØ7UXQJ+RD
*LDÝVØÝP

P

gP
U
FRÛWØÚQJFDÍSQJX\HÄQWRÃFXÚQJQKDXYDÚJLDÝVØÝD

D

gD
U

ODÚQKØ×QJVRÃ
QJX\HÄQ&KRUSKØÖQJWUÎQK[ D
,
PRGP
L
 , UFRÛPRÆWOÖÚLJLDÝLGX\QKDÃW
[ ΣD
L
0
L
\
L

L 
WURQJÓRÛ0
L
0P
,
YDÚ\
,
 0
,

PRGP
,
0 P

P

gP

U
*LDÝLWKXDÆW(XFOLGHDQPÖÝURÆQJ
Q

Q
E
R
E
W
R
W
W 
T >Q
R
E
R
@
U Q
R
xTE
R
ZKLOHU!GR
WHPS W
R
xTW
LIWHPS! WKHQWHPS WHPSPRGQ
LIWHPSWKHQWHPS QWHPSPRGQ
W
R
 W

W WHPS
Q
R
E
R
E
R
 U
T >Q
R
E
R
@
U Q
R
xTE
R
LIE
R
!WKHQ
EKDVQRLQYHUVHPRGXORQ
HOVHE

 WPRGQ
*LDÝLWKXDÆW0LOOHUx5DELQNLHÇPWUDVRÃQJX\HÄQWRÃOHÝ
 :ULWHQ 
N
P ZKHUHPLVRGG
&KRVHDUDQGRPLQWHJHUD D Q
&RPSXWHE D

P
PRGQ
,IE PRGQWKHQDQZVHUuQLVSULPHuDQGTXLW
IRUL WRNGR
LIE PRGQWKHQDQZVHUuQLVSULPHuDQGTXLW
HOVHE E

PRGQ
DQVZHUuQLVFRPSRVLWHv
*LDíLWKXDặWWẽQK[
-
PRGQ
DXWLHQWDSKDQWẽFKVRQJX\HQEGỉệLGDẹQJQKễSKDQE E
,

,
, ểHQO
]
IRUL OGRZQWRGR
] ]

PRGQ
LIE
,
WKHQ] ]]PRGQ
*LDíLWKXDặWEDèP0'
HầNLHầPWUDWẽQKWRDQYHẹQFXíDPRặWNKRLGDWDOệQQJỉệLWDVỉíGXẹQJFKỉìN\VRểHầ
ểDẹLGLHặQFKRNKRLGDWDểRJLRQJQKỉFKỉìN\WUHQYDèQEDíQEDấQJFDFKGXQJKDPEDèPYệL
LQSXWODPRặWPHVVDJHEDWN\RXWSXWODPRặWFKXRLEẽWFRFKLHXGDL[DFểễQKWUỉệFFKXRLEẽW
QD\ểỉệẹFJRẹLODPHVVDJHBGLJHVW

&DFWẽQKFKDWFệEDíQFXíDKDPEDèP
/DKDPPRặWFKLHXNKRQJWKHầWKỉẹFKLHặQ SKHS ELHQ ểRầL QJỉệẹF QKỉ WURQJ TXD
WUẻQKPDìKRDYDJLDíLPDìQJKếDODYệLPRặWPHVVDJHBGLJHVWFKRWUỉệFNKRFRWKHầWẻPểỉệẹF
PRặWPHVVDJHQDRPDFRKDPEDèPEDấQJPHVVDJHBGLJHVWQD\
.KRFRWKHầWẻPểỉệẹFKDLPHVVDJHPDFRFXQJPRặWPHVVDJHBGLJHVW
&DFJLDíLWKXDặWEDèPểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJKLHặQQD\OD0'0'0'6+67URQJểR
0'ODJLDíLWKXDặWEDèPểỉệẹFVỉíGXẹQJSKRầELHQYDQRVHìểỉệẹFWUẻQKED\WURQJSKDQGỉệL
*LDíLWKXDặW0'ểỉệẹFSKDWWULHầQEệíL5RQ5LYHVWệí0,7QKDặQểDXYDRODPRặWNKRL
GDWDPHVVDJHFRFKLHXGDLEDWN\[ỉíO\QRWKDQKFDFNKRLEẽWWDẹRểDXUDODPRặW
PHVVDJHBGLJHVWEẽW4XDWUẻQKEDRJRPFDFEỉệFVDX
%ỉệFPHVVDJHEDQểDXểỉệẹFWKHPSDGGLQJPRặWVREẽWEDậWểDXODEẽWNH
WLHSODFDFEẽWVREẽWWKHPYDRWỉWệLEẽWVDRFKRWRầQJVREẽWVDXNKLWKHPYDR
FRặQJYệLFKLHLGDLFXíDPHVVDJHEDQểDXODERặLVRFXíD